The locations of many faults in and near the Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin are not precisely known because the spatial density of existing lithologic and hydrologic data used to infer the locations of faults can be sparse. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, analyzed structural control of groundwater flow in and near the Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) methods. Faults commonly are barriers to groundwater flow, and the high spatial resolution of InSAR imagery can be used to infer the locations of buried faults where groundwater pumping occurs. InSAR results have revealed three areas in and near the Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin where buried faults are interpreted as groundwater-flow barriers: the northwestern area about 3 miles northwest of the City of Rialto, the San Jacinto fault area west of the City of San Bernardino, and the southeastern area about 2 miles southeast of the City of Colton. The InSAR results were combined with knowledge gained from previous studies to better define the location and extent of faults acting as groundwater-flow barriers. New data about faults acting as groundwater-flow barriers can be incorporated into future conceptual and hydrologic models of the Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin and provide water managers information to help effectively manage groundwater resources.
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The electrification of volcanic plumes has been described intermittently since at least the time of Pliny the Younger and the 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius. Although sometimes disregarded in the past as secondary effects, recent work suggests that the electrical properties of volcanic plumes reveal intrinsic and otherwise inaccessible parameters of explosive eruptions. An increasing number of volcanic lightning studies across the last decade have shown that electrification is ubiquitous in volcanic plumes. Technological advances in engineering and numerical modelling, paired with close observation of recent eruptions and dedicated laboratory studies (shock-tube and current impulse experiments), show that charge generation and electrical activity are related to the physical, chemical, and dynamic processes underpinning the eruption itself. Refining our understanding of volcanic plume electrification will continue advancing the fundamental understanding of eruptive processes to improve volcano monitoring. Realizing this goal, however, requires an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of volcanology, atmospheric science, atmospheric electricity, and engineering. Our paper summarizes the rapid and steady progress achieved in recent volcanic lightning research and provides a vision for future developments in this growing field.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-022-01591-3","usgsCitation":"Cimarelli, C., Behnke, S., Genareau, K., Méndez Harper, J., and Van Eaton, A.R., 2022, Volcanic electrification: Recent advances and future perspectives: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 84, 78, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01591-3.","productDescription":"78, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-139794","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-022-01591-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cimarelli, Corrado","contributorId":257017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cimarelli","given":"Corrado","affiliations":[{"id":47800,"text":"Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behnke, Sonja A","contributorId":184085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behnke","given":"Sonja A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":924032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genareau, Kimberly","contributorId":345648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Genareau","given":"Kimberly","affiliations":[{"id":82675,"text":"The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Méndez Harper, Joshua","contributorId":349123,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Méndez Harper","given":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":83438,"text":"University of Oregon, Eugene, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Eaton, Alexa R. 0000-0001-6646-4594 avaneaton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-4594","contributorId":184079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Eaton","given":"Alexa","email":"avaneaton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70241603,"text":"70241603 - 2022 - Subindicator: Native Prey Fish Diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T15:24:37.480213","indexId":"70241603","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-29T10:16:43","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Subindicator: Native Prey Fish Diversity","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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After providing the historical context, the chapter reviews common seismic instrumentation issues such as utilization of data, code versus extensive instrumentation, free-field instrumentation, record synchronization requirements and more. Recent developments in damage detection is examined including damage detection based on changes in natural frequencies, permanent deformations, and interstory drift. Finally, applications in Europe, the Middle East, and Japan of seismic monitoring of structural systems for buildings are discussed.
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(Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-27T12:16:03.178081","indexId":"70249765","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-29T07:12:09","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7173,"text":"Canadian Field Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Key observations of flexed-leg urination in the free-ranging Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"Flexed-leg urination (FLU) in female Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) has been little studied in the wild. Captive females in packs do not exhibit FLU unless they are both mature and dominant to an associate female, but these characteristics have not been confirmed in free-ranging wolves. We present observations of wolves in Yellowstone National Park that accord with those of wolves in captivity, extend our knowledge of FLU in Gray Wolf, pose additional questions about it, and suggest new areas of study to better understand it.
Avian influenza viruses can pose serious risks to agricultural production, human health, and wildlife. An understanding of viruses in wild reservoir species across time and space is important to informing surveillance programs, risk models, and potential population impacts for vulnerable species. Although it is recognized that influenza A virus prevalence peaks in reservoir waterfowl in late summer through autumn, temporal and spatial variation across species has not been fully characterized. We combined two large influenza databases for North America and applied spatiotemporal models to explore patterns in prevalence throughout the annual cycle and across the continental United States for 30 waterfowl species. Peaks in prevalence in late summer through autumn were pronounced for dabbling ducks in the genera Anas and Spatula, but not Mareca. Spatially, areas of high prevalence appeared to be related to regional duck density, with highest predicted prevalence found across the upper Midwest during early fall, though further study is needed. We documented elevated prevalence in late winter and early spring, particularly in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Our results suggest that spatiotemporal variation in prevalence outside autumn staging areas may also represent a dynamic parameter to be considered in IAV ecology and associated risks.
The Gulf of Maine, USA is home to four colonial co-nesting tern species: Least Tern (Sternula antillarum), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea), and the federally endangered Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii). Over three decades of visual observations of chick provisioning were compiled for a comparative dietary study in the region, including the first detailed descriptions of Least and Roseate Tern chick diets. Three prey groups comprised the majority of chick diets among tern species between 1986–2017: hake (Urophycis spp. or Enchelyopus cimbrius) 28–37% frequency of occurrence (FO), sand lance (Ammodytes americanus or A. dubius) 8–22% FO, and herring (Clupea spp. or Alosa spp.) 3–30% FO. Dietary contributions varied across species and islands. At two inshore colonies, Common Tern diets contained higher amounts of sand lance (30–42% FO), while offshore islands contained lesser amounts (5–9% FO). Overall dietary diversity (H′) was similar between Common (H′ = 1.57) and Arctic Terns (H′ = 1.74) and notably lower in Roseate (H′ = 1.24) and Least Terns (H′ = 1.37), whose diets were primarily piscivorous. The degree of dietary plasticity and general feeding ecology provided by baseline dietary information can inform holistic assessments of risk to ongoing and future disturbances from fishing and climate change.
Declines in many fish populations in large, western rivers have been primarily attributed to the anthropogenic reduction of nutrient inputs and subsequent impacts to the food web. The largest known river fertilization program was implemented starting in 2005 on the Kootenai River in northern Idaho to restore resident fisheries. Annual electrofishing surveys were conducted at multiple sites in Idaho and Montana before and during nutrient addition to evaluate assemblage and population-level responses. Although few responses in fish assemblage structure were observed, the addition of liquid ammonium polyphosphate fertilizer (3 μg/L) to the Kootenai River increased fish abundance and biomass over the 20-km stretch of river downstream of the treatment site. Increases were most notable in Largescale Suckers Catostomus macrocheilus, Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss populations, although increases in catch and biomass were detected for nearly all fish species. The Kootenai River is approximately 30 times larger in discharge than other rivers that have been experimentally fertilized and provides compelling evidence that the mitigation of nutrient declines in rivers of similar size can result in positive influences on the fish populations where primary and secondary production are limiting growth, survival, and recruitment. However, results from our study also highlight the importance of completing evaluations across varying levels of biological organization (e.g., assemblage and population) and over biologically relevant timeframes.
Much uncertainty exists about the vulnerability of valuable tidal marsh ecosystems to relative sea level rise. Previous assessments of resilience to sea level rise, to which marshes can adjust by sediment accretion and elevation gain, revealed contrasting results, depending on contemporary or Holocene geological data. By analyzing globally distributed contemporary data, we found that marsh sediment accretion increases in parity with sea level rise, seemingly confirming previously claimed marsh resilience. However, subsidence of the substrate shows a nonlinear increase with accretion. As a result, marsh elevation gain is constrained in relation to sea level rise, and deficits emerge that are consistent with Holocene observations of tidal marsh vulnerability.
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In the United States (U.S.), PLUM uses a two‐station approach to detect earthquakes. Once a detection is confirmed, observed modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) distributions are forecast onto a regular grid, in which the preferred alert regions are grid cells with MMI 4.0+ forecasts. Although locations of dense station coverage allow PLUM to detect small (M < 4.5) earthquakes typically not considered for EEW in the U.S., a PLUM detection on a small earthquake does not always generate an alert. This is because PLUM alerts are determined by current shaking distributions. If the MMI 4.0+ shaking subsides prior to detection confirmation by shaking at a second neighboring station, the prior MMI 4.0+ information will not be in the alert forecasts. Of the 432 M 3.0+ U.S. West Coast earthquakes in 2021, 33 produced ground motions large enough to be detected by PLUM. Twenty‐four generated MMI 4.0+ PLUM alerts, whereas ShakeAlert issued public EEW alerts for 13 of these earthquakes. We compare PLUM and ShakeAlert alert regions with ShakeMap and “Did You Feel It?” intensity distributions. Because PLUM alert regions surround stations observed to have strong ground motions (regardless of earthquake magnitude), PLUM alerts reliably include locations that experience significant shaking. This is not necessarily the case for ShakeAlert alert regions when there are large errors in magnitude or epicenter estimates. For two of the largest earthquakes in our real‐time dataset, the M 6.0 Antelope Valley and M 5.1 Petrolia earthquakes, the inclusion of PLUM would have improved real‐time ShakeAlert performance. Our results indicate that incorporation of PLUM into ShakeAlert will improve the robustness of the EEW system.
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Since 1972, the Landsat program has been continually monitoring the Earth, to now provide 50 years of digital, multispectral, medium spatial resolution observations. Over this time, Landsat data were crucial for many scientific and technical advances. Prior to the Landsat program, detailed, synoptic depictions of the Earth's surface were rare, and the ability to acquire and work with large datasets was limited. The early years of the Landsat program delivered a series of technological breakthroughs, pioneering new methods, and demonstrating the ability and capacity of digital satellite imagery, creating a template for other global Earth observation missions and programs. Innovations driven by the Landsat program have paved the way for subsequent science, application, and policy support activities. The economic and scientific value of the knowledge gained through the Landsat program has been long recognized, and despite periods of funding uncertainty, has resulted in the program's 50 years of continuity, as well as substantive and ongoing improvements to payload and mission performance. Free and open access to Landsat data, enacted in 2008, was unprecedented for medium spatial resolution Earth observation data and substantially increased usage and led to a proliferation of science and application opportunities. Here, we highlight key developments over the past 50 years of the Landsat program that have influenced and changed our scientific understanding of the Earth system. Major scientific and programmatic impacts have been realized in the areas of agricultural crop mapping and water use, climate change drivers and impacts, ecosystems and land cover monitoring, and mapping the changing human footprint. The introduction of Landsat collection processing, coupled with the free and open data policy, facilitated a transition in Landsat data usage away from single images and towards time series analyses over large areas and has fostered the widespread use of science-grade data. The launch of Landsat-9 on September 27, 2021, and the advanced planning of its successor mission, Landsat-Next, underscore the sustained institutional support for the program. Such support and commitment to continuity is recognition of both the historic impact the program, and the future potential to build upon Landsat's remarkable 50-year legacy.
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Peter","contributorId":294430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strobl","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54481,"text":"European Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Eric Vermote","contributorId":294431,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eric Vermote","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Cook, Bruce D.","contributorId":294432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Bruce D.","affiliations":[{"id":38788,"text":"NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28}]}} ,{"id":70236053,"text":"70236053 - 2022 - Comparisons of the NGA-Subduction ground motion models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-17T16:04:02.593176","indexId":"70236053","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-28T06:53:06","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparisons of the NGA-Subduction ground motion models","docAbstract":"In this article, ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes recently developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project are compared. The four models presented in this comparison study are documented in their respective articles submitted along with this article. Each of these four models is based on the analysis of the large NGA-Sub database. Three of the four current models are developed for a global version as well as separate regionalized models. The fourth model was developed based on earthquakes only from Japan, and as such is applicable only for Japan. As part of this comparison study, a general discussion on the parameterization of the four models and the regionalization of the three models is provided. The specific strengths and or weaknesses or the technical decisions and justifications of any one model are not part of this comparison. A selected suite of deterministic attenuation curves and spectra are presented for the models along with a selected suite of currently used subduction models. A limited number of comparisons are presented in this article with a larger number of comparisons and the digital values provided in the electronic attachment. In addition to these scenario calculation comparisons, the results from a standard probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for two sites located in the Pacific Northwest Region in the state of Washington are presented. These calculations highlight the potential impact of using the new GMMs. Based on the comparisons presented here, a general understanding of these new GMMs can be obtained with the expectation that the implementation of a specific seismic hazard study should incorporate similar and additional comparisons and sensitivity studies pertinent to the site of interest.
Translocation, the intentional movement of animals from one location to another, is a common management practice for the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). Although the inadvertent spread of pathogens is a concern with any translocation effort, waif tortoises—individuals that have been collected illegally, injured and rehabilitated or have unknown origins—are generally excluded from translocation efforts due to heightened concerns of introducing pathogens and subsequent disease to naïve populations. However, repurposing these long-lived animals for species recovery is desirable when feasible, and introducing waif tortoises may bolster small populations facing extirpation. The objective of this study was to assess the health of waif tortoises experimentally released at an isolated preserve in Aiken County, SC, USA. Our assessments included visual examination, screening for 14 pathogens using conventional or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and haematological evaluation. Of the 143 individuals assessed in 2017 and 2018, most individuals (76%; n = 109 of 143) had no overt clinical evidence of disease and, when observed, clinical findings were mild. In both years, we detected two known tortoise pathogens, Mycoplasma agassizii and Mycoplasma testudineum, at a prevalence of 10.2–13.9% and 0.0–0.8%, respectively. Additionally, we found emydid Mycoplasma, a bacterium commonly found in box turtles (Terrapene spp.), in a single tortoise that showed no clinical evidence of infection. The presence of nasal discharge was an important, but imperfect, predictor of Mycoplasma spp. infection in translocated tortoises. Hemogram data were comparable with wild populations. Our study is the first comprehensive effort to assess pathogen prevalence and hemogram data of waif gopher tortoises following translocation. Although caution is warranted and pathogen screening necessary, waif tortoises may be an important resource for establishing or augmenting isolated populations when potential health risks can be managed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coac051","usgsCitation":"McKee, R.K., Buhlmann, K.A., Moore, C.T., Allender, M., Stacy, N.I., and Tuberville, T., 2022, Island of misfit tortoises: Waif gopher tortoise health assessment following translocation: Conservation Physiology, v. 10, no. 1, coac051, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac051.","productDescription":"coac051, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133988","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432572,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKee, Rebecca K.","contributorId":341474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKee","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buhlmann, Kurt. A.","contributorId":341475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"Kurt.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moore, Clinton T. 0000-0002-6053-2880 cmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2880","contributorId":3643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Clinton","email":"cmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":908480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allender, Matthew C.","contributorId":341476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allender","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[{"id":36403,"text":"University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stacy, Nicole I.","contributorId":341477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacy","given":"Nicole","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":36221,"text":"University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tuberville, Tracey D.","contributorId":341478,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuberville","given":"Tracey D.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":908483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70233771,"text":"sir20175022R - 2022 - Field-trip guide to continental arc to rift volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains volcanic fields of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70233771,"text":"sir20175022R - 2022 - Field-trip guide to continental arc to rift volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains volcanic fields of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico","indexId":"sir20175022R","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"chapter":"R","displayTitle":"Field-Trip Guide to Continental Arc to Rift Volcanism of the Southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains Volcanic Fields of Southern Colorado and Northern New Mexico","title":"Field-trip guide to continental arc to rift volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains volcanic fields of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70188710,"text":"sir20175022 - 2017 - Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States","indexId":"sir20175022","publicationYear":"2017","noYear":false,"title":"Field-trip guides to selected volcanoes and volcanic landscapes of the western United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T15:39:59.466844","indexId":"sir20175022R","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-27T13:25:11","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2017-5022","chapter":"R","displayTitle":"Field-Trip Guide to Continental Arc to Rift Volcanism of the Southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains Volcanic Fields of Southern Colorado and Northern New Mexico","title":"Field-trip guide to continental arc to rift volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains volcanic fields of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The southern Rocky Mountains of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado preserve the Oligocene to Pleistocene record of North American continental arc to rift volcanism. The 35–23 million year old (Ma) southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (SRMVF), spectacularly preserved in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado, records the evolution of large andesitic stratovolcanoes to complex caldera clusters, from which at least 22 major ignimbrite sheets (each 150–5,000 cubic kilometers) were erupted. Outflow deposits of the SRMVF preserved along the broadly uplifted northwest flank of the northern Rio Grande rift basin (the San Luis Valley) provide critical structural and temporal constraints on the inception of crustal extension. Coincident with waning stages of SRMVF caldera-forming volcanism (~25.4 Ma), extensional tectonism was accompanied by a transition from bimodal early Miocene to intermediate-composition late Miocene and dominantly basaltic Pliocene rift volcanism of the Taos Plateau in the southern San Luis Basin. Concomitant rift volcanism in the Española Basin and bordering Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico records a similar Miocene eruptive history dominated by intermediate-composition volcanism that transitioned locally to Pliocene rift-related basaltic volcanism of the Cerros del Rio volcanic field and culminated in eruptions of the iconic rhyolitic Pleistocene Bandelier Tuff and formation of the Valles Caldera along the northwestern rift-basin margin.
This 6-day, 7-night field trip will focus, in broadly equal proportions, on rift-related extensional volcanism of the Jemez Mountains and Taos Plateau regions during the first half of the trip, and on caldera-forming volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field during the second half of the trip. The 35-million-year volcanic history of the region highlighted by new geologic mapping, high-resolution geochronology, petrologic, geochemical, and geophysical data facilitates discussion of (1) the magmatic response to the tectonic transition from subducted-slab arc to continental-rift volcanism; (2) the nature and temporal evolution of rift magmas; (3) fault controls on the spatial evolution of rift magmatism; (4) the diversity of continental-arc ignimbrite volcanism and associated lavas; (5) ignimbrite caldera structure and associated intrusions in three-dimension; (6) the role of recycled crystal mush and magmatic cumulates during growth of Cordilleran batholiths; and (7) high-precision geochronologic contributions to interpretation of relations between regional tectonic and volcanic processes. Most stops will be along roads, but there will be moderate hikes on trails of less than 1-hour duration covering 1–2 kilometers (0.6–1.2 miles) with modest elevation gain of <150 meters (<492 feet).
The route will progress in reverse stratigraphic order, starting in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico and proceed northward to San Luis Basin and San Luis Hills before turning west to the southeast and central San Juan Mountains. Our last full day takes us to the little-visited and only recently mapped, Bonanza caldera of the northeastern San Juan Mountains and on the final day, we leave the San Luis Valley to briefly explore the Tertiary subvolcanic plutons of the Collegiate Range along the west side of the Arkansas Valley rift valley, en route to Denver.
The authors of all daily contributions acknowledge the helpful reviews by Amy Gilmer and Joe Colgan and thank Christine Chan and Jeremy Havens for assistance with figures, tables, and guidebook text.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20175022R","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.A., Turner, K.J., Lipman, P.W., Wolff, J.A., and Dungan, M.A., 2022, Field-trip guide to continental arc to rift volcanism of the southern Rocky Mountains—Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains volcanic fields of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5022-R, 346 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20175022R.","productDescription":"Report: xix, 346 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"346","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-103158","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501942,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113348.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404505,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/r/sir20175022r.pdf","text":"Report","size":"51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404504,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2017/5022/r/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":404506,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BKL3ZE","text":"Data Release","description":"Turner, K.J., Thompson, R.A., and Cosca, M.A., 2022, Data release for geochronology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Southern Rocky Mountains and Taos Plateau volcanic fields and other Oligocene to Pleistocene volcanic rocks within the southern San Luis Basin and San Juan Mountains, southern Colorado and northern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BKL3ZE.","linkHelpText":"Data release for geochronology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Southern Rocky Mountains and Taos Plateau volcanic fields and other Oligocene to Pleistocene volcanic rocks within the southern San Luis Basin and San Juan Mountains, southern Colorado and northern New Mexico"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountain, Taos Plateau, and Jemez Mountains Volcanic Fields","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.52319335937497,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -105.10620117187499,\n 35.51434313431818\n ],\n [\n -105.10620117187499,\n 37.76202988573206\n ],\n [\n -107.52319335937497,\n 37.76202988573206\n ],\n [\n -107.52319335937497,\n 35.51434313431818\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
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A reported fuel release in November 2021 at the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility within the naval reservation at Red Hill led to the shutdown of several production wells in the Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Red Hill Shaft—one of the high-capacity production wells that shut down—was reactivated on January 29, 2022. Submersible pressure transducers were deployed at 20 wells in the Hālawa area to measure groundwater levels and evaluate the regional groundwater-level response to the resumption of groundwater withdrawals from Red Hill Shaft. Groundwater levels measured in wells from January 17 to March 3, 2022, ranged between 16 and 20 feet at all sites and generally between 17 and 19 feet at most sites. Average groundwater-level decreases measured in wells 10 days after the January 29, 2022, resumption of withdrawal from Red Hill Shaft ranged from about 0.1 to 0.4 foot. In general, greatest decreases in groundwater levels occurred in wells closest to Red Hill Shaft.
The groundwater-level data contain uncertainty because of several potential sources of error associated with (1) the accuracy of the measuring tapes and submersible pressure transducers used, (2) the accuracy of the measuring-point altitude at the top of each well, (3) the stability of the submersible pressure transducers’ suspension depth in each well, (4) well plumbness and alignment, and (5) human error. Because of the potential sources of error, comparability of groundwater-level data may be affected. Some sources of uncertainty, including the accuracy of measuring-point altitudes, can be addressed and lead to improved accuracy and comparability of groundwater levels. Data collected for this study are available in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, Groundwater-level monitoring from January 17 to March 3, 2022, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1069, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221069.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-141201","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501822,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113349.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":404436,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221018","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1018","description":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, December 23, 2021, Red Hill synoptic groundwater-level survey, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1018, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221018.","linkHelpText":"- December 23, 2021, Red Hill Synoptic Groundwater-Level Survey, Hālawa Area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i"},{"id":404435,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221048","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1048","description":"Nakama, R.K., Mitchell, J.N., and Oki, D.S., 2022, January 18, 2022, Red Hill synoptic groundwater-level survey, Hālawa area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1048, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221048.","linkHelpText":"- January 18, 2022, Red Hill Synoptic Groundwater-Level Survey, Hālawa Area, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i"},{"id":404434,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the nation","description":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2022, USGS water data for the nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN."},{"id":404433,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1069/ofr20221069.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404432,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1069/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hālawa Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.96142578124997,\n 21.317522325157526\n ],\n [\n -157.85156249999997,\n 21.317522325157526\n ],\n [\n -157.85156249999997,\n 21.409605198965597\n ],\n [\n -157.96142578124997,\n 21.409605198965597\n ],\n [\n -157.96142578124997,\n 21.317522325157526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
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Freshwater whitefishes, Salmonidae Coregoninae, are cold stenothermic fishes of ecological and socio-economic importance in northern hemisphere lakes that are warming in response to climate change. To address the effect of warming waters on coregonine reproduction we experimentally evaluated different embryo incubation temperatures on post-hatching survival, growth, and critical thermal maximum of larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) sampled from lakes Superior and Ontario. Embryos were incubated at water temperatures of 2.0, 4.4, 6.9, and 8.9 °C to simulate present and increased winter temperatures, and hatched larvae were reared in a common environment. For the populations from both lakes, larval survival and critical thermal maximum were negatively related to incubation temperature, and larval growth was positively related to incubation temperature. The magnitude of change across incubation temperatures was greater in the population sampled from Lake Superior than Lake Ontario for all traits examined. The more rapid decrease in survival and critical thermal maximum across incubation temperatures for larval cisco in Lake Superior, compared to those from Lake Ontario, suggests that Lake Superior larvae may possess a more limited ability to acclimate to and cope with increasing winter water temperatures. However, the rapid increase in growth rates across incubation temperatures in Lake Superior larvae suggests they could recover better from hatching at a small length induced by warm winters, as compared to Lake Ontario larvae. Our results suggest propagation and restoration programs may want to consider integrating natural habitat preferences and maximizing phenotypic variability to ensure offspring are set up for success upon stocking.
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Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":867052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vinson, Mark R. 0000-0001-5256-9539 mvinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-9539","contributorId":3800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"Mark","email":"mvinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":867053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockwell, Jason D. 0000-0003-3393-6799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-6799","contributorId":61004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":867054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70241060,"text":"70241060 - 2022 - The new lava dome growth of Nevado del Ruiz (2015–2021)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-08T14:29:16.349364","indexId":"70241060","displayToPublicDate":"2022-07-27T06:52:26","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":13450,"text":"Journal of Vulcanological and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The new lava dome growth of Nevado del Ruiz (2015–2021)","docAbstract":"The morphology of the summit of Nevado del Ruiz volcano (Colombia) and its active Arenas crater is the product of complex interactions between effusive and explosive eruptions, and the dynamics of the summit glacier. Here, we document the morphologic evolution of the summit of Nevado del Ruiz, and the growth of its dome, from a variety of methods: monitoring data (2010 to 2021), photogrammetry, remote sensing, and quantitative modeling. The present morphology of Arenas crater, with small terraces limited by the walls of the crater, various vents of ash emission, and zones of fumarolic activity, has been shaped by the activity following the eruptions of 1845, 1985, 1989, 2012 and the volcanic unrest of the last 10 years. The latest emplacement of a lava dome at the bottom of the main crater began in 2015. The dome grew, with fluctuations in its extrusion rate between ~0.19 m3/s (November 2015) and 0.02 m3/s (February 2018), until December 2019, reaching a diameter of ~130 m, a maximum height of ~60 m, and a volume of 1.7 ± 0.2 × 106 m3.
Natal survival and dispersal have important consequences for populations through the movement of genes and individuals. Metapopulation theory predicts either balanced natal dispersal among regions or source–sink dynamics, which can dramatically change population structure. For species reliant on dynamic, early-successional habitats, availability and location of habitat will shift from year to year, requiring primiparous individuals to locate an appropriate breeding habitat. We estimated hatch-year survival to adulthood and natal dispersal rates between two breeding groups of Northern Great Plains piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) from four cohorts (n = 2669 total individuals; 2014–2017). Hatch-year survival to adulthood was slightly higher for individuals hatched on the Missouri River than on the US Alkali Wetlands but declined over time. Individuals hatched on the US Alkali Wetlands were more likely to disperse to breed on the Missouri River (0.33 [0.20, 0.48]) than vice versa (0.17 [0.11, 0.24]). When more habitat was available at the natal site than in the prior year, natal dispersal rates increased. However, despite higher recruitment rates as a result of higher natal fidelity, the Missouri River showed lower total recruitment with a declining trend in the number of recruits, largely due to differences in abundance between breeding groups. Overall, unbalanced, high natal dispersal rates within the Northern Great Plains indicate high connectivity among distinct regions with different water regimes on the Missouri River and on the US Alkali Wetlands driven by fluctuating availability of habitat. Our results suggest that plovers in the Northern Great Plains take advantage of dynamic habitats where they are available in a broad geographic area, which is consistent with a spatially structured panmictic population rather than a true metapopulation, but further research on adult breeding dispersal is needed to clarify population structure.
Understanding age and growth of fishes is critical for making meaningful management decisions. Obtaining useful information is dependent on using the best structure (e.g., scale, otolith). The objective of this study was to evaluate precision and reader confidence in age estimates from sagittal otoliths (i.e., whole, sectioned) and scales for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri collected from Henrys Lake, Idaho. We also sought to compare growth estimates among structures sampled during annual gill net surveys in May 2019 and 2020. We removed sagittal otoliths and scales from 416 Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout. Two readers without prior knowledge of fish length independently aged scales, whole otoliths, and sectioned otoliths. Each reader also provided a confidence rating of 0 (not confident) to 3 (completely confident). Percent exact agreement between readers was highest for sectioned otoliths (85.3%), followed by scales (68.5%) and whole otoliths (66.1%). Average confidence rating was highest for sectioned (mean ± SD = 2.2 ± 0.6) and whole (1.4 ± 0.5) otoliths and lowest for scales (1.0 ± 0.2). Among structures, percent exact agreement (i.e., consensus age) was highest between whole and sectioned otoliths (66.7%), followed by scales and sectioned otoliths (58.9%). Exact agreement was lowest between scales and whole otoliths (51.2%). Differences in back-calculated length at age estimates between sectioned otoliths and scales were minimal, particularly for ages 1–4. Although sectioned otoliths required more time to prepare than scales or whole otoliths, sectioned otoliths produced the most precise age estimates for Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout, with the highest reader confidence.
Groundwater provides nearly 50 percent of the Nation’s drinking water. To help protect this vital resource, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project assesses groundwater quality in aquifers that are important sources of drinking water (Burow and Belitz, 2014). The stream-valley aquifers constitute one of the important aquifer systems being evaluated.
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National Water-Quality Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MS 413
Reston, VA 20192-0002
In 2006–2007, 110 Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares were tagged with acoustic transmitters near deepwater oil platforms and one drillship in the northern Gulf of Mexico off the Mississippi River delta to determine the extent to which platforms act as fish aggregating devices (FADs). Vemco acoustic receivers were installed on six deepwater platforms to detect the presence of tagged individuals. Five of 12 Yellowfin Tuna captured in 2006 were detected in 2007, demonstrating multi-year presence in the region. Ninety Yellowfin Tuna were detected in 2007, resulting in 221 platform residencies and 32 single detections. Duration of residence at a platform was positively correlated with the platform's depth, and the number of transitions decreased with platform-to-platform distance. In total, 109 movements between platforms by 46 (51%) different individuals were detected, traveling distances of up to 98.2 km. Yellowfin Tuna displayed interactions with deepwater platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico similar to their interactions with FADs and other studied geological features, by way of aggregating or using them as meeting points, landmarks, and stopovers within a movement corridor. The large number of oil and gas platforms located in the northern Gulf of Mexico may have a significant effect on distribution, retention, and migration of Yellowfin Tuna populations in this area of the gulf.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/mcf2.10213","usgsCitation":"Price, M.E., Randall, M.T., Sulak, K.J., Edwards, R., and Lamont, M., 2022, Temporal and spatial relationships of Yellowfin Tuna to deepwater petroleum platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 14, no. 4, e10213, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10213.","productDescription":"e10213, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-075192","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447014,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10213","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":404651,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"northern Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.75,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -88.5,\n 28\n ],\n [\n -88.5,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -89.75,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -89.75,\n 28\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Melissa E. 0000-0002-4276-0855 mprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4276-0855","contributorId":5875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Melissa","email":"mprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Randall, Michael T. 0000-0001-8805-0886 mrandall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8805-0886","contributorId":3127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Michael","email":"mrandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Randy E.","contributorId":294382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"Randy E.","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret 0000-0001-7520-6669","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":222403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":847945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}