In this paper we develop a numerical solution to equations developed in part 1 (M. Y. Corapcioglu and A. L. Baehr, this issue) to predict the fate of an immiscible organic contaminant such as gasoline in the unsaturated zone subsequent to plume establishment. This solution, obtained by using a finite difference scheme and a method of forward projection to evaluate nonlinear coefficients, provides estimates of the flux of solubilized hydrocarbon constituents to groundwater from the portion of a spill which remains trapped in a soil after routine remedial efforts to recover the product have ceased. The procedure was used to solve the one-dimensional (vertical) form of the system of nonlinear partial differential equations defining the transport for each constituent of the product. Additionally, a homogeneous, isothermal soil with constant water content was assumed. An equilibrium assumption partitions the constituents between air, water, adsorbed, and immiscible phases. Free oxygen transport in the soil was also simulated to provide an upper bound estimate of aerobic biodgradation rates. Results are presented for a hypothetical gasoline consisting of eight groups of hydrocarbon constituents. Rates at which hydrocarbon mass is removed from the soil, entering either the atmosphere or groundwater, or is biodegraded are presented. A significant sensitivity to model parameters, particularly the parameters characterizing diffusive vapor transport, was discovered. We conclude that hydrocarbon solute composition in groundwater beneath a gasoline contaminated soil would be heavily weighted toward aromatic constituents like benzene, toluene, and xylene.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i001p00201","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Corapcioglu, M.Y., 1987, A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 2. Numerical solution: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 201-213, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i001p00201.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"213","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e382e4b0c8380cd46096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corapcioglu, M. Yavuz","contributorId":43114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corapcioglu","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Yavuz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014749,"text":"70014749 - 1987 - Reflections from midcrustal rocks within the Mesozoic subduction complex near the eastern Aleutian Trench","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-24T17:00:02.167465","indexId":"70014749","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflections from midcrustal rocks within the Mesozoic subduction complex near the eastern Aleutian Trench","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection data collected in 1973 by Western Geophysical Company show that highly reflective rocks make up the midcrust of the convergent margin adjacent to the eastern Aleutian Trench. These rocks form an arch that strikes obliquely across the strongly expressed northeast-southwest structural grain of exposed Mesozoic rocks. In an earlier report we proposed that the deep events mark the location of either the presently subducting plate or the top of underplated rocks. However, the short radius of curvature of this arch precludes the possibility that the deep events indicate the igneous oceanic crust. Instead, the deep reflections could be from underplated rocks that have been arched by the imbrication or underplating of strata below the reflective rocks. High-amplitude water layer and interbed multiples prevent precise connection of shallow and deep geology. For example, the Border Ranges fault, a suture between major tectonostratigraphic terranes, is not revealed on any of our seismic sections. We speculate, however, that one band of reflections that rises toward but does not reach the surface is from the Eagle River thrust fault, which separates Late Cretaceous melange from deformed turbidite sequences of the same age.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB08p07907","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., von Huene, R.E., and Smith, G., 1987, Reflections from midcrustal rocks within the Mesozoic subduction complex near the eastern Aleutian Trench: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7907-7915, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07907.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"7907","endPage":"7915","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225272,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a43ee4b0e8fec6cdbae4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, M. A.","contributorId":69972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"von Huene, Roland E. 0000-0003-1301-3866 rvonhuene@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-3866","contributorId":191070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Huene","given":"Roland","email":"rvonhuene@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7065,"text":"USGS emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":369200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, G.L.","contributorId":25569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014790,"text":"70014790 - 1987 - Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T17:39:44.569157","indexId":"70014790","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"Growth rates of unattached bacteria in groundwater contaminated with treated sewage and collected at various distances from the source of contamination were estimated by using frequency of dividing cells and tritiated-thymidine uptake and compared with growth rates obtained with unsupplemented, closed-bottle incubations. Estimates of bacterial generation times [(In 2)/μ] along a 3-km-long transect in oxygen-depleted (0.1 to 0.7 mg of dissolved oxygen liter-1) groundwater ranged from 16 h at 0.26 km downgradient from an on-land, treated-sewage outfall to 139 h at 1.6 km and correlated with bacterial abundance (r2 = 0.88 at P < 0.001). Partitioning of assimilated thymidine into nucleic acid generally decreased with distance from the contaminant source, and one population in heavily contaminated groundwater assimilated little thymidine during a 20-h incubation. Several assumptions commonly made when frequency of dividing cells and tritiated-thymidine uptake are used were not applicable to the groundwater samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.53.12.2992-2996.1987","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., and George, L., 1987, Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 53, no. 12, p. 2992-2996, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.12.2992-2996.1987.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2992","endPage":"2996","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.12.2992-2996.1987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.63954884374593,\n 41.73751976509678\n ],\n [\n -70.68070167450198,\n 41.6945136775133\n ],\n [\n -70.6779581505853,\n 41.64532862029054\n ],\n [\n -70.67247110275133,\n 41.57353305884914\n ],\n [\n -70.70813691366979,\n 41.52630961823749\n ],\n [\n -70.6450358635835,\n 41.505766928716014\n ],\n [\n -70.60388300483176,\n 41.53452486840766\n ],\n [\n -70.5325513829955,\n 41.53452486840766\n ],\n [\n -70.46121976115928,\n 41.546845787507465\n ],\n [\n -70.42555395024084,\n 41.579690094800526\n ],\n [\n -70.33776118490337,\n 41.61661998392671\n ],\n [\n -70.26642956306715,\n 41.59610598773847\n ],\n [\n -70.1512015585625,\n 41.63302648454291\n ],\n [\n -70.02499945838991,\n 41.65967814379741\n ],\n [\n -70.00030774313942,\n 41.64532862029054\n ],\n [\n -69.93171964521983,\n 41.64942881033289\n ],\n [\n -69.91251497780193,\n 41.77231315298667\n ],\n [\n -69.94818078872038,\n 41.92150558094457\n ],\n [\n -70.02499945838991,\n 42.0316431803505\n ],\n [\n -70.08535698455957,\n 42.07034999451639\n ],\n [\n -70.1950979412309,\n 42.10089134374752\n ],\n [\n -70.25819899131719,\n 42.08256829852266\n ],\n [\n -70.26094251523384,\n 42.05609233347204\n ],\n [\n -70.21430260864811,\n 42.013300141541976\n ],\n [\n -70.1512015585625,\n 42.04183147085118\n ],\n [\n -70.09633108022686,\n 42.00718461934795\n ],\n [\n -70.09633108022686,\n 41.90721454025004\n ],\n [\n -70.04146060189117,\n 41.79277103595206\n ],\n [\n -70.21155908473149,\n 41.764128172257415\n ],\n [\n -70.25545546739986,\n 41.73751977314524\n ],\n [\n -70.41183633065691,\n 41.75184874318762\n ],\n [\n -70.4749373807432,\n 41.784588666019545\n ],\n [\n -70.5572430982467,\n 41.78254291035651\n ],\n [\n -70.63954884374593,\n 41.73751976509678\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2df2e4b0c8380cd5c17a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, L.H.","contributorId":97256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014876,"text":"70014876 - 1987 - Age of tilted reefs, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-05T16:50:22.024802","indexId":"70014876","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of tilted reefs, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Submerged carbonate reefs are preserved as a series of submarine terraces between Molokai and Hawaii along a 200-km span of the southeastern Hawaiian Ridge. Limestones from two of the terraces have been sampled from submersibles and dated radiometrically at 13 and 120 ka. Recognition that the terraces are tilted permits assignment of about a dozen terraces from 150 to 1300 m depth to eight general reef platforms. These reefs were drowned by the combined effects of island subsidence and sea level rise at the end of successive glacial stages from 13 to 647 ka. The platforms are tilted 5 m/km southeast toward the locus of volcanic loading centered on the island of Hawaii. The end of the active period of volcanic shield building is represented on each nonactive volcano by a submerged change in slope. Dating of this slope change by reference to the dated reefs provides independent evidence that shield building ended at about the same time that the volcano changed from eruption of tholeiitic to alkalic basalt. The variation in depth of the dated tilted reefs along the ridge indicates that the end of subsidence follows the end of shield building by about one half million years. The present northwest margin of major subsidence probably crosses southeast Maui. During the last half million years the rate of southeast migration of the beginning of both subsidence and of tholeiitic volcanism does not appear to have increased. However, the rate of southeast migration of the end of both subsidence and of tholeiitic volcanism has apparently increased. This shortening of the life history of the younger volcanoes implies an increase in eruption rates.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB03p02641","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Moore, J., and Campbell, J., 1987, Age of tilted reefs, Hawaii: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B3, p. 2641-2646, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB03p02641.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2641","endPage":"2646","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8f3e4b0c8380cd47fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, J.F.","contributorId":33066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27113,"text":"wri854249 - 1986 - Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-13T12:14:00.666515","indexId":"wri854249","displayToPublicDate":"2021-12-12T20:25:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4249","title":"Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida","docAbstract":"An investigation was made of the suitability of a saline, artesian limestone aquifer for the injection, storage, and recovery of freshwater from the Caloosahatchee River. The tests were conducted on a well tapping a leaky artesian system that has a transmissivity of 800 square feet per day, a storage of 1 x 10-4, and a leakance of 0.01 per day. The specific capacity of the injection well was increased through acidizing and was decreased as a result of well clogging during injection.\r\n\r\nThree injection tests were made wherein the amounts of freshwater injected, the storage duration, and the quality of water injected varied. Analysis of the test data showed that freshwater recoverability ranged from 9.7 to 38.7 percent of the total injected. Differences were attributed principally to differences in the quality of water injected and storage duration. Repeated injection-recovery cycles probably would result in greater recoverability. Head buildup, nearly 200 feet in one test, was a prime problem related chiefly to clogging from suspended material in the injected water and to bacterial growth at the wellbore-limestone interface. Regular backflushing was required. Total head buildup decreased as a result of acidizing the injection well.\r\n\r\nNo coliforms or fecal streptococcus were noted in the recovered water. Growth of anaerobic bacteria occurred. Changes in the quality of the recovered water included decreases in concentration of dissolved organic carbon by as much as 15 mg/L (milligrams per liter), organic nitrogen by as much as 0.80 mg/L, and nitrate by as much as 0.50 mg/L. Increases were noted in ammonia by 0.40 mg/L, and iron by as much as 0.60 mg/L. These changes are consistent with the presence of an anaerobic bacterial ecosystem.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854249","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lee County and the South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, D., 1986, Tests for injecting, storing, and recovering freshwater in a saline artesian aquifer, Lee County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4249, v, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854249.","productDescription":"v, 53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159002,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4249/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":55972,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4249/wri854249.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.12 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 85-4249"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Lee County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.11456298828124,\n 26.474260922876063\n ],\n [\n -81.81243896484375,\n 26.474260922876063\n ],\n [\n -81.81243896484375,\n 26.79588031886341\n ],\n [\n -82.11456298828124,\n 26.79588031886341\n ],\n [\n -82.11456298828124,\n 26.474260922876063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Nest transects in nesting colonies provide one source of information on White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica asiatica) population status and reproduction. Nests are counted along transects using standardized field methods each year in Texas and northeastern Mexico by personnel associated with Mexico's Office of Flora and Fauna, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Nest counts on transects are combined with information on the size of nesting colonies to estimate total numbers of nests in sampled colonies. Historically, these estimates have been based on the actual nest counts on transects and thus have required the assumption that all nests lying within transect boundaries are detected (seen) with a probability of one. Our objectives were to test the hypothesis that nest detection probability is one and, if rejected, to estimate this probability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Tomlinson, R.E., and Waggerman, G., 1986, Estimating nest detection probabilities for white-winged dove nest transects in Tamaulipas, Mexico: The Auk, v. 103, no. 4, p. 825-828.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"828","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17733,"rank":300,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4087198 "}],"volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tomlinson, R. E.","contributorId":78830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomlinson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Waggerman, G.","contributorId":27581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waggerman","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222155,"text":"5222155 - 1986 - Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T16:11:03.65529","indexId":"5222155","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss","docAbstract":"The 24-h oral LD50 of methyl parathion (phosphorothioic acid O, O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester) to little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) (372 mg/kg) was 8.5 times the LD50 for mice (Mus musculus) (44 mg/kg). However, orally dosed mice either died or appeared behaviorally normal after 2 to 3 h, whereas many dosed bats, although alive at 24 h, could not right themselves when placed on their backs. The oral dose estimated to cause this loss of coordination in 50% of a sample of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) was one-third or less the LD50 of this species. Cholinesterase activity depression in brains of little brown bats was similar whether dosage was oral or dermal. With death as the criterion, bats proved relatively insensitive to methyl parathion in 24-h tests, but considerations of the chemical's potential to cause coordination loss, leading to capture and death by predators, coupled with bats' naturally low reproductive rates, suggest possible injury to exposed bat populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620050210","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., 1986, Toxicity of methyl parathion to bats: Mortality and coordination loss: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 5, no. 2, p. 191-195, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620050210.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199569,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223513,"text":"5223513 - 1986 - Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:40","indexId":"5223513","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names","docAbstract":"The name Fuligula mariloides Vigors, presently used by many authors for a subspecies of the Greater Scaup, Aythya marila, was originally proposed for the Lesser Scaup, A. afinis, and may not be used in combination with the name marila. The name mariloides has been applied to a population of Greater Scaup in Kamchatka and the Commander Islands, supposedly distinguished by small size and dark dorsal color, or for that population and the one in North America, otherwise known as A. m. nearctica. Evidence for a subspecifically distinct population in eastern Asia is lacking, and A. marila is best considered to consist of only the Eurasian A. m. marila and the American A. m. nearctica. There is some interchange of the two subspecies in migration. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wilson Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., 1986, Subspecies of the greater scaup and their names: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 98, no. 3, p. 433-444.","productDescription":"433-444","startPage":"433","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v098n03/p0433-p0444.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, R.C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222162,"text":"5222162 - 1986 - Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:11","indexId":"5222162","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":984,"text":"Behavioral and Neural Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus)","docAbstract":"Anosmia was produced in two female and three male wolves by transection of the olfactory peduncle and was confirmed by their inability to detect meat, urine, feces, anal-gland secretions, and fish emulsion. All operated animals continued to investigate the environment with their noses, to interact normally with other pack members, and to feed at levels which maintained presurgical body weights. No effect was found on reproductive physiology (females: estradiol or progesterone concentrations, ovulation, pregnancy or parturition; males: testosterone, testicular recrudescence or sperm numbers, motility or maturation). One anosmic female became dominant and although she urine-marked with a flexed leg, the rate was lower than typical for dominant females and perhaps contributed to her failure to pair-bond with the dominant male. One anosmic male raised-leg-urinated while competing for pack dominance and when kenneled away from other males. Precopulatory, copulatory, and maternal behavior were observed for one anosmic female and appeared normal. However, neither male that was sexually naive before surgery showed interest in proestrous or estrous females. The possibility that secondary degeneration of brain regions mediating sexual behavior was responsible for the failure of these males to respond was not supported. Not only was the lack of male sexual response the only serious deficit following transection, but the male which was sexually experienced prior to surgery did copulate successfully during his second postoperative breeding season despite continued anosmia. Chemosensory priming from female urine during the protracted proestrous phase, as well as urinary and vaginal odors during estrus, appear to be critical for induction of full sexual potency in sexually naive males. The importance of urine and vaginal secretions in the sexual response of experienced males is uncertain.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Behavioral and Neural Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0163-1047(86)90212-8","usgsCitation":"Asa, C.S., Seal, U., Plotka, E., Letellier, M., and Mech, L., 1986, Effect of anosmia on reproduction in male and female wolves (Canis lupus): Behavioral and Neural Biology, v. 46, no. 3, p. 272-284, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(86)90212-8.","productDescription":"272-284","startPage":"272","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":17688,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0163-1047(86)90212-8","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Asa, C. S.","contributorId":34615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asa","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, U.S.","contributorId":40564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seal","given":"U.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plotka, E.D.","contributorId":89248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plotka","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Letellier, M.A.","contributorId":39085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letellier","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222161,"text":"5222161 - 1986 - Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T17:03:30.339162","indexId":"5222161","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite","docAbstract":"The Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), an endangered hawk, has a unique mating system in Florida (Beissinger and Snyder 1987): when food is abundant, males or females desert their mates at nearly equal frequency (ambisexual mate desertion) in the midst of a nesting cycle. I examined the demographic and environmental constraints selecting for a clutch size that permits one parent to desert, yet optimizes the number of offspring produced by each parent. Demographic studies, conducted from 1979—1983, indicated that kites have (1) a very high nest failure rate (° = 68%) due most often to unstable nest sites and predation, (2) a variable nesting season (5—10 mo/yr), (3) an early age of first reproduction for a bird this size (10 mo), (4) a high degree of iteroparity (double and potentially triple clutching within a season), and (5) unstable populations. Both nesting success and population size were directly related to Everglades water levels and resultant snail densities. Kites responded to large annual changes in food abundance, not by adjusting clutch size but by deserting their mates and presumably attempting to renest. Kite demographic traits appear to be adaptations to or results of an uncertain environment. Based on 67 yr of Everglades water levels, environmental predictability, measured by spectral analysis and Colwell's (1974) index, was low and influenced by water management regimes: (1) water levels were lowered, (2) annual variation in levels increased and annual cycles became stronger, (3) the period length of long—term drought—flood cycles shifted from 10 or more yr toward 5 yr, and (4) levels became a less predictive cue for favorable nesting conditions. A potential evolutionary pathway from biparental care to mate desertion in Snail Kites is proposed. It is unlikely that mate desertion evolved solely from a context of conflict between the sexes, because kite nesting success is so low that it is probably maladaptive for a parent to desert and jeopardize the survival of any of its first brood. Instead, mate desertion behavior probably evolved in response to a smaller average clutch size; this would allow females to be highly iteroparous and avoid the costs of overinvestment, and should be strongly favored in a highly uncertain environment. Analysis of clutches in museum collections suggests that an apparent decline in clutch size may have occurred in Florida during the past century. The potential for ambisexual mate desertion to occur in other vertebrates is during the past century. The potential for ambisexual mate desertion to occur in other vertebrates is examined.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1939076","usgsCitation":"Beissinger, S., 1986, Demography, environmental uncertainty, and the evolution of mate desertion in the snail kite: Ecology, v. 67, no. 6, p. 1445-1459, https://doi.org/10.2307/1939076.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1445","endPage":"1459","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beissinger, Steven","contributorId":176118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beissinger","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223158,"text":"5223158 - 1986 - Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:04","indexId":"5223158","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1397,"text":"Dissertation Abstracts International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria)","docAbstract":"Captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) were maintained ad libitum on five diets during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 to evaluate the effects of varying protein and energy levels on feed intake and condition. Diets were formulated to simulate either a natural diet high in invertebrates or one high in vegetation. Two diets low in protein and energy simulated stress diets. Feed intake during the 1979-80 winter, when diets varied the most, was 30% higher for canvasbacks fed the low energy (1543 kcal/kg) diet than for canvasbacks fed the high energy (3638 kcal/kg) diet. Body weight of males and females did not differ between groups fed different diets, but there were seasonal differences (P < 0.05) for both sexes aggregated across diets. Feed intake and body weights were greatest in November and April and least in January and February. Convasbacks lost weight and ate less during the most stressful periods despite ad libitum feed supplies. No differences could be detected in the behavior of captive canvasbacks as a result of the diets they received. Differences due to season and sex were observed for some behaviors. Inactivity increased (P < 0.05) during the winter apparently as a mechanism to conserve energy.Overall, captive canvasbacks were able to maintain themselves during winter on diets with as little as 10% protein and 1543 kcal/kg provided adequate quantities of food were available. Availability of low energy food (e.g. clams) may be the limiting factor in regard to winter survival of wild canvasbacks. The distribution and abundance of canvasbacks in some wintering areas ultimately has been influenced by the quantity and probably the quality of available nutrients.Data from this study indicate that canvasbacks are unable to adjust intake rates to compensate for low energy foods and may subsequently store less fat or modify behavior and microclimate. However, decreased weight, feed intake, and activity of ducks fed ad libitum rations occurred in mid-winter irrespective of diet quality and appeared to be an endogenous component of their annual cycle which persists in captivity. These changes apparently have a selective advantage of increasing the probability of survival in ducks by decreasing energy expenditure during periods of winter stress.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dissertation Abstracts International","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1986, Seasonal influence of nutrients on the physiology and behavior of captive canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria): Dissertation Abstracts International, v. 46B, no. 10.","productDescription":"3291 (abstract)","startPage":"3291 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198143,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46B","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0c50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222103,"text":"5222103 - 1986 - Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds: Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T15:43:59.32452","indexId":"5222103","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds: Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater","docAbstract":"Severe reproductive impacts were found in aquatic birds nesting on irrigation drainwater ponds in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Of 347 nests studied to late incubation or to hatching, 40.6% had at least one dead embryo and 19.6% had at least one embryo or chick with an obvious external anomaly. The deformities were often multiple and included missing or abnormal eyes, beaks, wings, legs and feet. Brain, heart, liver and skeletal anomalies were also present. Mean selenium concentrations in plants, invertebrates, and fish from the ponds were 22–175 ppm (dry weight), about 12 to 130 times those found at a nearby control area. Bird eggs (2.2–110 ppm) and livers (19–130 ppm) also contained elevated levels of selenium. Aquatic birds may experience similar problems in other areas where selenium occurs at elevated levels.
","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(86)90104-X","collaboration":"","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Hoffman, D.J., Saiki, M.K., and Aldrich, T.W., 1986, Embryonic mortality and abnormalities of aquatic birds: Apparent impacts of selenium from irrigation drainwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 52, no. 1-2, p. 49-63, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(86)90104-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge, San Joaquin Valley, Volta Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.11671447753908,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -120.58456420898436,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -120.58456420898436,\n 37.41761791871185\n ],\n [\n -121.11671447753908,\n 37.41761791871185\n ],\n [\n -121.11671447753908,\n 36.99158465967016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606ce5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, H. M.","contributorId":28194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saiki, M. K.","contributorId":28917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aldrich, Thomas W.","contributorId":88311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldrich","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015540,"text":"70015540 - 1986 - On the nature of persistence in dendrochronologic records with implications for hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T16:49:17.845575","indexId":"70015540","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the nature of persistence in dendrochronologic records with implications for hydrology","docAbstract":"Hydrologic processes are generally held to be persistent and not secularly independent. Impetus for this view was given by Hurst in his work which dealt with properties of the rescaled range of many types of long geophysical records, in particular dendrochronologic records, in addition to hydrologic records. Mandelbrot introduced an infinite memory stationary process, the fractional Gaussian noise process (F), as an explanation for Hurst's observations. This is in contrast to other explanations which have been predicated on the implicit non-stationarity of the process underlying the construction of the records. In this work, we introduce a stationary finite memory process which arises naturally from a physical concept and show that it can accommodate the persistence structures observed for dendrochronological records more successfully than an F or any other of a family of related processes examined herein. Further, some question arises as to the empirical plausibility of an F process. Dendrochronologic records are used because they are widely held to be surrogates for records of average hydrologic phenomena and the length of these records allows one to explore questions of stochastic process structure which cannot be explored with great validity in the case of generally much shorter hydrologic records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90167-8","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Landwehr, J., and Matalas, N., 1986, On the nature of persistence in dendrochronologic records with implications for hydrology: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 239-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90167-8.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"277","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddfe4b0c8380cd75386","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landwehr, J.M.","contributorId":39815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matalas, N.C.","contributorId":25173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60641,"text":"mf1855 - 1986 - Map showing areas of visible land disturbances caused by two military training operations in the Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T09:04:34","indexId":"mf1855","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1855","title":"Map showing areas of visible land disturbances caused by two military training operations in the Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"This map shows areas that retain visible land disturbances produced during two military armored-vehicle training operations in the Mojave Desert, California. The map documents the lasting visual effects these operations have on this arid region and provides a data base for monitoring changes in the extent of visual disturbances in the future.
\nThe first training operation was initiated in April 1942, by General George S. Patton, Jr., to ready armored-vehicle divisions for desert warfare in North Africa (Meller, 1946). The Desert Training Center (DTC) encompassed 17,500 mi2 of arid lands in California, Nevada, and Arizona, and for two years, more than one million soldiers trained under simulated battle conditions. Troops were stationed at 12 main base camps, each housing as many as 15,000 soldiers in canvas tents. From these camps, armored units would radiate into the broad valleys of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts. Thousands of tanks, trucks, jeeps, and aircraft were used in the war games. When the DTC was inactivated in May 1944, most man-made structures were removed or buried by the U.S. Army.
\nThe second operation, called Operation Desert Strike, was held for two weeks in May 1964 (Moenk, 1964) in the same general area as the DTC. However, no temporary camps were established, and the tanks used were much larger than their World War II counterparts. Over 89,000 troops participated in this exercise.
\nLand disturbances caused by these training exercises are still evident today throughout the designated training areas (Lathrop, 1983; Prose, 1985; Prose and Metzger, 1985). The World War II base-camp locations are easily identified because the networks of dirt roads are still used by campers, hunters, artifact seekers, and other visitors. Vehicle trails and single tracks remain on many relatively stable surfaces and are most conspicuous on surfaces composed of a veneer of stones (desert pavement).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1855","usgsCitation":"Prose, D., 1986, Map showing areas of visible land disturbances caused by two military training operations in the Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1855, Plate: 29.51 x 43.22 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1855.","productDescription":"Plate: 29.51 x 43.22 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":326126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf1855.JPG"},{"id":327434,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1855/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,32.75 ], [ -116,35.5 ], [ -114,35.5 ], [ -114,32.75 ], [ -116,32.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db659419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prose, D.V.","contributorId":92682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prose","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1185,"text":"wsp2289 - 1986 - Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13161,"text":"ofr84621 - 1985 - Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming","indexId":"ofr84621","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1185,"text":"wsp2289 - 1986 - Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming","indexId":"wsp2289","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2289","title":"Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming","docAbstract":"The major Paleozoic artesian aquifers, the aquifers most favorable for continued development, in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming are the Tensleep Sandstone, the Madison Limestone and Bighorn Dolomite (Madison-Bighorn aquifer), and the Flathead Sandstone. The minor aquifers include the Goose Egg and Park City Formations (considered in the Ten Sleep area to be the lateral equivalent of the Phosphoria Formation) and the Amsden Formation. Most wells completed in the major and minor aquifers flow at the land surface. Wellhead pressures generally are less than 50 pounds per square inch for the Tensleep Sandstone, 150-250 pounds per square inch for the Madison-Bighorn aquifer, and more than 400 pounds per square inch for the Flathead Sandstone. Flowing wells completed in the Madison-Bighorn aquifer and the Flathead Sandstone yield more than 1,000 gallons per minute. The initial test of one well completed in the Madison-Bighorn aquifer indicated a flow rate of 14,000 gallons per minute. Transmissivities range from 500 to 1,900 feet squared per day for the Madison-Bighorn aquifer and from about 90 to 325 feet squared per day for the Tensleep and Flathead Sandstones. \r\n\r\nSignificant secondary permeability from fracturing in the Paleozoic aquifers allows local upward interformational movement of water, and this affects the altitude of the potentiometric surfaces of the Tensleep Sandstone and the Madison-Bighorn aquifer. Water moves upward from the Tensleep and other formations, through the Goose Egg Formation, to discharge at the land surface as springs. Much of the spring flow is diverted for irrigation or is used for rearing fish. \r\n\r\nDecreases from original well pressures were not apparent in wells completed in the Tensleep Sandstone or in the Madison-Bighorn aquifer in the study area except for a few wells in or near the town of Ten Sleep. Most wells completed in the Flathead Sandstone, which also are open to the Madison-Bighorn aquifer, show a decrease of pressure from the time of completion to 1978. The decrease of pressure is partly the result of water moving from the Flathead Sandstone into the Madison-Bighorn aquifer, which has a lower potentiometric surface than does the Flathead Sandstone, even during the time the wells are not in operation. Pressure in some small-capacity wells completed in the Goose Egg Formation also has decreased near Ten Sleep. Most of the wells, particularly the irrigation wells, show a progressive decrease in pressure during the irrigation season but recover during periods of nonuse. Measurements of the pressure were made principally in 1953, 1962, 1970, and 1975-78. \r\n\r\nWell water from the Paleozoic aquifers generally contains minimal concentrations of dissolved solids and individual constituents but excessive hardness. Dissolved-solids concentrations of water are less than 300 milligrams per liter in the Tensleep Sandstone and the Madison-Bighorn aquifer, less than 200 milligrams per liter in the Flathead Sandstone, and as much as 450 milligrams per liter in the Goose Egg Formation. Bicarbonate is the major constituent, followed by calcium and magnesium. Relatively large concentrations of sulfate, as much as 490 milligrams per liter, were found, mainly in water from the Goose Egg Formation. The water has low sodium (alkali) and medium salinity; therefore, the water is satisfactory for irrigation and most other uses, if excessive hardness is not a detrimental factor. \r\n\r\nWellhead temperatures range from 11 ? to 27.5 ? Celsius (51 ? to 81.5 ? Fahrenheit) within a range in depth of approximately 250 to 4,000 feet. This gives a geothermal gradient of about 0.44 ? Celsius per 100 feet (0.79 ? Fahrenheit per 100 feet).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2289","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., 1986, Artesian pressures and water quality in Paleozoic aquifers in the Ten Sleep area of the Bighorn Basin, north-central Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2289, iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 5 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2289.","productDescription":"iv, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 5 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26042,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26043,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26044,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26045,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26046,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":26047,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2289/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c9e4b07f02db542320","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":8077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3240,"text":"cir990 - 1986 - Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16593,"text":"ofr86136 - 1986 - Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem : disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","indexId":"ofr86136","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem : disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3240,"text":"cir990 - 1986 - Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","indexId":"cir990","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir990","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"990","title":"Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"Predicting the effects of toxic-waste disposal on the environment over periods of millenia to hundreds of millenia is a transscientific problem; that is, one not fully addressed by quantitative scientific and engineering endeavors. Archaeology is a pertinent adjunct to such predictions in several ways. First, and foremost, archaeological records demonstrate that delicate, as well as durable, objects buried in thick unsaturated zones of arid and semiarid environments may survive intact for millenia to tens of millenia. This successful preservation of Late Paleolithic to Iron Age artifacts provides independent support for the tentative favorable conclusions of earth scientists regarding the general utility of thick unsaturated zones for toxic-waste isolation. By analogy with the archaeological record, solidified toxic wastes of low solubility that are buried in arid unsaturated zones should remain isolated from the environment indefinitely; modern man presumably should be able to improve upon the techniques used by his ancestors to isolate and preserve their sacred and utilitarian objects. Second, archaeological evidence pertinent to the fate of objects buried in unsaturated zones-although qualitative in nature and subject to the limitations of arguments by analogy-is meaningful to the public and to the courts who, with some scientists and engineers, are reluctant to rely exclusively on computer-generated predictions of the effects of buried toxic wastes on the environment. Third, the archaeological record issues a warning that our descendants may intrude into our waste disposal sites and that we must therefore take special measures to minimize such entry and, if it occurs, to warn of the dangers by a variety of symbols. And fourth, archaeology provides a record of durable natural and manmade materials that may prove to be suitable for encapsulation of our wastes and from which we can construct warning markers that will last for millenia. For these four reasons, archaeologists must join with earth scientists, and other scientists and engineers, in addressing the likely fate of solidfied toxic wastes buried in the thick (200-600 m) unsaturated zones of arid and semiarid regions. Indeed, the input of archaeology might be crucial to public acceptance of even the most carefully chosen and technically sound waste repository.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir990","usgsCitation":"Winograd, I.J., 1986, Archaeology and public perception of a trans-scientific problem; disposal of toxic wastes in the unsaturated zone: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 990, iii, 9 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir990.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0990/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30236,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0990/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679e4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winograd, Isaac Judah","contributorId":9233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winograd","given":"Isaac","email":"","middleInitial":"Judah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3242,"text":"cir972 - 1986 - Bibliography on ground water in glacial-aquifer systems in the Northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir972","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"972","title":"Bibliography on ground water in glacial-aquifer systems in the Northeastern United States","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey established the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program to evaluate major interconnected aquifers or groups of aquifers that share similar characteristics within a region. One of the objectives of the Northeastern Glacial RASA is to provide information on the occurrence and quality of ground water in glacial deposits in ten States: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. To help meet the objectives of the RASA program, an automated bibliographic data base was developed. The data base contains references to ground-water resources of glacial-aquifer systems in the ten States listed above. This bibliography contains more than 700 ground-water related references that date from 1839 through 1984. The bibliography lists books, journal articles, conference proceedings, government and other technical reports, theses, and maps. Unpublished manuscripts, publications in press, newspaper articles, and book reviews are omitted from the bibliography.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir972","usgsCitation":"Wiltshire, D.A., Lyford, F.P., and Cohen, A., 1986, Bibliography on ground water in glacial-aquifer systems in the Northeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 972, iii, 26 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir972.","productDescription":"iii, 26 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0972/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30238,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0972/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db6260b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltshire, Denise A.","contributorId":78717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltshire","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyford, Forest P.","contributorId":43334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyford","given":"Forest","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, A.J.","contributorId":95042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70164425,"text":"70164425 - 1986 - On tide-induced Lagrangian residual current and residual transport: 1. Lagrangian residual current","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:22:42","indexId":"70164425","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On tide-induced Lagrangian residual current and residual transport: 1. Lagrangian residual current","docAbstract":"Residual currents in tidal estuaries and coastal embayments have been recognized as fundamental factors which affect the long-term transport processes. It has been pointed out by previous studies that it is more relevant to use a Lagrangian mean velocity than an Eulerian mean velocity to determine the movements of water masses. Under weakly nonlinear approximation, the parameter k, which is the ratio of the net displacement of a labeled water mass in one tidal cycle to the tidal excursion, is assumed to be small. Solutions for tides, tidal current, and residual current have been considered for two-dimensional, barotropic estuaries and coastal seas. Particular attention has been paid to the distinction between the Lagrangian and Eulerian residual currents. When k is small, the first-order Lagrangian residual is shown to be the sum of the Eulerian residual current and the Stokes drift. The Lagrangian residual drift velocity or the second-order Lagrangian residual current has been shown to be dependent on the phase of tidal current. The Lagrangian drift velocity is induced by nonlinear interactions between tides, tidal currents, and the first-order residual currents, and it takes the form of an ellipse on a hodograph plane. Several examples are given to further demonstrate the unique properties of the Lagrangian residual current.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i012p01623","usgsCitation":"Feng, S., Cheng, R.T., and Pangen, X., 1986, On tide-induced Lagrangian residual current and residual transport: 1. Lagrangian residual current: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 12, p. 1623-1634, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i012p01623.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1623","endPage":"1634","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":316556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b332fbe4b0cc79997f33dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Shizuo","contributorId":156286,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feng","given":"Shizuo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pangen, Xi","contributorId":156287,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pangen","given":"Xi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193877,"text":"70193877 - 1986 - Organochlorine chemical residues in bluegills and common carp from the irrigated San Joaquin Valley floor, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T11:55:19","indexId":"70193877","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine chemical residues in bluegills and common carp from the irrigated San Joaquin Valley floor, California","docAbstract":"Samples of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) collected from the San Joaquin River and two tributaries (Merced River and Salt Slough) in California were analyzed for 21 organochlorine chemical residues by gas chromatography to determine if pesticide contamination was confined to downstream sites exposed to irrigated agriculture, or if nonirrigated upstream sites were also contaminated. Residues ofp,p′-DDE were detected in all samples of both species. Six other contaminants were also present in both species at one or more of the collection sites: chlordane (cis-chlordane +trans-nonachlor);p,p′-DDD;o,p′-DDT;p,p′-DDT; DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate); and dieldrin. Concentrations of most of these residues were generally higher in carp than in bluegills; residues of other compounds were found only in carp: α-BHC (α-benzenehexachloride), Aroclor® 1260, and toxaphene. Concentrations of most organochlorines in fish increased from upstream to downstream. Water quality variables that are influenced by irrigation return flows (e.g., conductivity, turbidity, and total alkalinity) also increased from upstream to downstream and were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with organochlorine residue levels in the fish. In carp, concentrations of two residues-⌆DDT (p,p′-DDD +p,p′-DDE + +p,p′-DDT; 1.43 to 2.21 mg/kg wet weight) and toxaphene (3.12 mg/kg wet weight)-approached the highest levels reported by the National Pesticide Monitoring Program for fish from other intensively farmed watersheds of the United States in 1980 to 1981, and surpassed criteria for whole-body residue concentrations recomended by the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineers for the protection of piscivorous wildlife.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01066402","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., and Schmitt, C.J., 1986, Organochlorine chemical residues in bluegills and common carp from the irrigated San Joaquin Valley floor, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 15, no. 4, p. 357-366, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01066402.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"357","endPage":"366","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley floor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.95373535156249,\n 38.14751758025121\n ],\n [\n -120.75622558593749,\n 36.47872381162464\n ],\n [\n -119.0643310546875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -120.6683349609375,\n 38.14319750166766\n ],\n [\n -121.95373535156249,\n 38.14751758025121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a082899e4b09af898c8e662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmitt, Christopher J. 0000-0001-6804-2360 cjschmitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6804-2360","contributorId":491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Christopher","email":"cjschmitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207375,"text":"70207375 - 1986 - Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-20T06:53:31","indexId":"70207375","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-18T12:47:47","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA)","docAbstract":"The tholeiitic flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group of middle and late Miocene age cover more than 200,000 km2 in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The most voluminous formation of the Group, the Grande Ronde Basalt, erupted for 2 m.y. from north-northwest-trending fissure systems concentrated in southeast Washington and adjacent Oregon and Idaho. Four magnetostratigraphic units (designated R1, N1, R2, and N2 from oldest to youngest) are recognized on the basis of polarity in the Grande Ronde and provide the broad stratigraphic framework for the formation. In this study, major-element chemistry and relative stratigraphic position within the polarity intervals are used to identify and correlate individual flows and sequences of flows within the Grande Ronde Basalt on a regional scale.
Systematic examination of more than 350 analyses from 47 stratigraphic sections show that most flows fall into one of five major chemical groupings, which are distinguished primarily by small but significant variations in MgO, TiO2, and P2O5 content. In addition, four minor chemical types local to the eastern part of the province have been identified. Feeder dikes of each chemical type have also been located.
Flows or packets of flows of each chemical type can be correlated between field sections to define specific chemical-stratigraphic subunits. These subunits consist of several flows collectively 30–150 m thick. Subunits of most chemical types are repeated at irregular intervals throughout the formation; no progressive chemical trend occurs within the Grande Ronde.
Many of the chemical-stratigraphic subunits extend to the margins of the province, although most are confined to the source region in eastern Washington. Although the total number of subunits is less in the west away from the fissure systems, the total thicknesses of the N2 and R2 magnetostratigraphic units are each as thick or thicker than the corresponding units in eastern Washington. The greatest thicknesses occur in the central part of the province within the Pasco basin.
The distribution of basalt relative to the location of vents, as well as the relative east-west thicknesses, suggests that basalt flowed hundreds of kilometres westward during the most voluminous Grande Ronde eruptions, ponding against the irregular margin of the Cascade Range and being diverted through the ancestral Columbia Gorge toward the Washington-Oregon coast. Between these huge sheetflood events, smaller eruptions blanketed areas within the source region, and ongoing regional subsidence created a shallow westward-draining basin in the center of the province.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M.T., Wright, T., Swanson, D., and Byerly, G.R., 1986, Regional correlation of Grande Ronde basalt flows, Columbia River basalt group, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (USA): GSA Bulletin, v. 97, no. 11, p. 1300-1318, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<1300:RCOGRB>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1318","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.4423828125,\n 46.58906908309182\n ],\n [\n -123.3984375,\n 44.276671273775186\n ],\n [\n -121.5087890625,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -119.970703125,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 44.15068115978094\n ],\n [\n -119.3115234375,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -118.740234375,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -116.861572265625,\n 43.75522505306928\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 43.91372326852401\n ],\n [\n -117.1142578125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 44.86365630540611\n ],\n [\n -116.630859375,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -117.50976562499999,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -117.18017578125,\n 46.9052455464292\n ],\n [\n -117.13623046874999,\n 47.60616304386874\n ],\n [\n -117.410888671875,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -119.53125,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -121.37695312499999,\n 47.754097979680026\n ],\n [\n -121.6845703125,\n 46.76996843356982\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -123.4423828125,\n 46.58906908309182\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, Margaret T. 0000-0002-5273-8053 mmangan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5273-8053","contributorId":3343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","email":"mmangan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byerly, G. R.","contributorId":6826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1007555,"text":"1007555 - 1986 - Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-21T16:04:58.396946","indexId":"1007555","displayToPublicDate":"1986-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments","docAbstract":"Salvia mellifera seeds from coastal sage, chaparral and desert scrub in southern California failed to germinate in the dark unless exposed to powdered charred wood. This pattern was observed for seeds given a one month stratification at 5 C and for ones not stratified and also for seeds incubated under continuous 23 C or a diurnal alternation of 13 C/23 C. Dark inhibition of germination was also overcome, but only in seeds from chaparral populations, if seeds were incubated on commercial potting soil under alternating 13 C/23 C. Seeds in the light germinated readily in all but one population from desert scrub vegetation. Germination of seeds from this population was markedly stimulated by dry heating of the seeds at either 70 C for 5 h or 115 C for 5 min. For all populations there were numerous significant interactions between incubation temperature, pre-chilling stratification, light, and heating/charred wood treatments. Timing of germination was remarkably consistent between populations; the vast majority of seeds germinated within the first week at 23 C (or 13 C/23 C) regardless of whether or not they had received a pre-chilling treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00377311","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J., 1986, Seed germination patterns of Salvia mellifera in fire-prone environments: Oecologia, v. 71, no. 1, p. 1-5, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00377311.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"5","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131696,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":69082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":315614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015688,"text":"70015688 - 1986 - Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T16:37:17.566177","indexId":"70015688","displayToPublicDate":"1986-11-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin","docAbstract":"Ascension Submarine Canyon, which lies along the strike-slip (transform) dominated continental margin of central California, consists of two discrete northwestern heads and six less well defined southeastern heads. These eight heads coalesce to form a single submarine canyon near the 2700 m isobath. Detailed seismic stratigraphic data correlated with 19 rock dredge hauls from the walls of the canyon system, suggest that at least one of the two northwestern heads was initially eroded during a Pliocene lowstand of sea level ∼3.8 m.y. B.P. Paleogeographic reconstructions indicate that at this time, northwestern Ascension Canyon formed the distal channel of nearby Monterey Canyon and has subsequently been offset by right-lateral, strike-slip faulting along the San Gregorio fault zone. Some of the six southwestern heads of Ascension Canyon may also have been initially eroded as the distal portions of Monterey Canyon during late Pliocene-early Pleistocene sea-level lowstands (∼2.8 and 1.75 m.y. B.P.) and subsequently truncated and offset to the northwest.
There have also been a minimum of two canyon-cutting episodes within the past 750,000 years, after the entire Ascension Canyon system migrated to the northwest past Monterey Canyon. We attribute these late Pleistocene erosional events to relative lowstands of sea level 750,000 and 18,000 yrs B.P.
The late Pleistocene and Holocene evolution of the six southeastern heads also appears to have been controlled by structural uplift of the Ascension-Monterey basement high at the southeastern terminus of the Outer Santa Cruz Basin. We believe that uplift of this basement high sufficiently oversteepened submarine slopes to induce gravitational instability and generate mass movements that resulted in the erosion of the canyon heads.
Most significantly, though, our results and interpretations support previous proposals that submarine canyons along strike-slip continental margins can originate by tectonic trunction and lateral offset.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(86)90019-8","usgsCitation":"Nagel, D., Mullins, H., and Greene, H., 1986, Ascension Submarine Canyon, California - Evolution of a multi-head canyon system along a strike-slip continental margin: Marine Geology, v. 73, no. 3-4, p. 285-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(86)90019-8.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ascension Submarine Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.04220770410816,\n 36.837418886253005\n ],\n [\n -122.04220770410816,\n 36.60219012527101\n ],\n [\n -121.82811580419279,\n 36.60219012527101\n ],\n [\n -121.82811580419279,\n 36.837418886253005\n ],\n [\n -122.04220770410816,\n 36.837418886253005\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059edb6e4b0c8380cd4996f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagel, D.K.","contributorId":23393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagel","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, H.T.","contributorId":76881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"H.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014641,"text":"70014641 - 1986 - Crustal structure of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-25T16:40:09.542424","indexId":"70014641","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","docAbstract":"Seismic refraction, profiles in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, define the crustal structure in an area of active tectonics on the southern end of the Himalaya-Burma arc. The crustal thickness ranges from 38 to 46 kilometers, and the relatively low mean crustal velocity indicates a crustal composition compatible with normal continental crust and consisting mainly of meta-sedimentary and silicic intrusive rocks, with little mafic or ultramafic component. This composition suggests a crustal evolution involving sedimentary processes on the flank of the Yangtze platform rather than the accretion of oceanic island arcs, as has been proposed. An anomalously low upper-mantle velocity observed on one profile but not on another at right-angles to it may indicate active tectonic processes in the mantle or seismic anisotropy.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.234.4775.433","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Kan, R., Hu, H., Zeng, R., Mooney, W.D., and McEvilly, T., 1986, Crustal structure of Yunnan province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles: Science, v. 234, no. 4775, p. 433-437, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.234.4775.433.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"433","endPage":"437","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225459,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Yunnan Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 98.23677019355847,\n 28.888786332541542\n ],\n [\n 98.57291033771422,\n 26.517446381623355\n ],\n [\n 97.33103157799016,\n 24.339585636103088\n ],\n [\n 97.71701686145539,\n 23.79939253211419\n ],\n [\n 98.69301285562831,\n 23.78217968821325\n ],\n [\n 99.05995277934056,\n 22.004267407862343\n ],\n [\n 100.94632967113444,\n 21.396403816989192\n ],\n [\n 101.99629303386791,\n 21.025498397077882\n ],\n [\n 102.44961083629472,\n 22.295075114346808\n ],\n [\n 106.10430645686088,\n 23.370341986385213\n ],\n [\n 104.06214771459342,\n 27.02155943232578\n ],\n [\n 101.93144862640042,\n 26.40309479622943\n ],\n [\n 99.86528325880687,\n 28.87074930048425\n ],\n [\n 98.23677019355847,\n 28.888786332541542\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"234","issue":"4775","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fceae4b0c8380cd4e4f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kan, R.-J.","contributorId":60783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kan","given":"R.-J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hu, H.-X.","contributorId":82859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"H.-X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeng, R.-S.","contributorId":96425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"R.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McEvilly, T.V.","contributorId":30631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEvilly","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70210019,"text":"70210019 - 1986 - Crustal structure of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-11T14:03:18.968535","indexId":"70210019","displayToPublicDate":"1986-10-12T08:51:25","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure of Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China, from seismic refraction profiles","docAbstract":"Seismic refraction, profiles in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, define the crustal structure in an area of active tectonics on the southern end of the Himalaya-Burma arc. The crustal thickness ranges from 38 to 46 kilometers, and the relatively low mean crustal velocity indicates a crustal composition compatible with normal continental crust and consisting mainly of meta-sedimentary and silicic intrusive rocks, with little mafic or ultramafic component. This composition suggests a crustal evolution involving sedimentary processes on the flank of the Yangtze platform rather than the accretion of oceanic island arcs, as has been proposed. An anomalously low upper-mantle velocity observed on one profile but not on another at right angles to it may indicate active tectonic processes in the mantle or seismic anisotropy.