A two-layer digital model designed for this study indicated that sealing of the Coachella branch of the All-American Canal would cause an eventual increase in seepage from the All-American Canal of about 15,000 acre-feet annually. Sealing of both the Coachella Canal and the segment of the All-American Canal between Pilot Knob and Drop 1 would result in a lessening of seepage rates from the All-American Canal of 57,000 acre-feet in 1985, but of only 39,000 acre-feet in 2030. Sealing both the Coachella and the All-American Canals would reduce the outflow to Mexicali Valley from 120,000 acre-feet in 1980 to less than 9,000 acre-feet in 2030.
The model also indicated that if only the Coachella Canal were sealed, a little less than 40 percent of water pumped from proposed well fields near the All-American Canal ultimately would be derived from increased seepage from the All-American Canal; between 50 and 60 percent of the water pumped would be water that otherwise would flow to Mexicali Valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79744","collaboration":"Prepared in-cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Loeltz, O.J., and Leake, S.A., 1979, Relation between proposed developments of water resources and seepage from the All-American Canal, eastern Imperial Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-744, ix, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79744.","productDescription":"ix, 83 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0744/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0744/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"All-American Canal, eastern Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.53212738037108,\n 32.81353570021499\n ],\n [\n -114.488525390625,\n 32.81353570021499\n ],\n [\n -114.488525390625,\n 32.82853860158794\n ],\n [\n -114.53212738037108,\n 32.82853860158794\n ],\n [\n -114.53212738037108,\n 32.81353570021499\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634c73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loeltz, Omar J.","contributorId":86312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeltz","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":39590,"text":"pp813O - 1979 - Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources– South Atlantic-Gulf region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-09T22:02:45.374578","indexId":"pp813O","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"813","chapter":"O","title":"Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources– South Atlantic-Gulf region","docAbstract":"Precipitation in the 270,000-square-mile South Atlantic-Gulf Region ranges from 44 to 80 inches, and the average runoff is about 15 inches. The ground-water discharge that forms the base flow of streams is conservatively estimated to be about 78,000 million gallons per day the equivalent of about 6 inches of precipitation. On this basis, the regional sustained ground-water supply is about 286,000 gallons per day per square mile. Projected water use through 2020 indicates that about 10 percent of the supply will meet the region's requirement for ground water.
\nEnormous quantities of ground water are available in the South Atlantic-Gulf States in the extensive aquifers that underlie the Coastal Plain province. Large supplies of ground water can be developed also in places in the Cumberland Plateau and the Valley and Ridge provinces. In the Piedmont and Blue Ridge provinces ground water is available only in modest quantities.
\nThe principal Coastal Plain aquifers consist largely of deltaic sand and gravel deposits of Cretaceous to Quaternary age; however, a notable exception is the highly permeable Tertiary limestone aquifer, which underlies parts of four States. Ground water in the Blue Ridge and the Valley and Ridge provinces is available from openings along fissures and joints in consolidated rocks and from the unconsolidated sand and gravel in the residuum and alluvium that overlie the bedrock. In parts of these areas faulting and folding has created favorable conditions for the development of moderate supplies of ground water. In the Piedmont province modest quantities of water are available from joints and fractures. Solution cavities in massive limestone units in some areas underlying the Cumberland Plateau section yield very large quantities of ground water.
\nMost of the major Coastal Plain aquifers are recharged where they are exposed and water moves downdip to the south. The general direction of ground-water movement in the Coastal Plain aquifers is seaward. There is, however, movement of water vertically and laterally that affects pressure and quality in every aquifer.
\nGround water of good chemical and physical quality is available generally except in a small area in western Alabama and eastern Mississippi and in some small coastal areas. Freshwater extends to depths of slightly more than 3,000 feet in some areas. In many areas, water can be produced that does not require any treatment for general use. The more common objectionable constituents or properties are excessive iron, fluoride, hardness, color, and acidity. Contamination or pollution of ground water is not a major regional problem, but it is significant in local areas. Many of these local problems of contamination were the result of earlier improper disposal of oil-field and industrial waste. Saltwater intrusion either directly from the sea or from estuaries has been reported in every State in the region, and the potential for the proliferation of this problem is very large.
\nThe relationship of ground water and surface water is significant at many places in the region where large ground-water withdrawals affect swamps, lakes, and the flow of streams and springs. There is a potential in some areas for using ground water during dry periods for low-flow augmentation of stream supplies. In other areas it is feasible to recharge ground-water reservoirs artificially by means of injection wells, pits, and water spreading.
\nAlthough large water-level declines caused by withdrawals have occurred locally, water-level changes have been small or modest when considered on a regional basis owing to the abundant rainfall and favorable recharge conditions.
\nThe saline-water resources of the region are known to be extremely large. In some areas where the availability of freshwater is limited, saline ground water is available for desalinization to supplement freshwater supplies. Also, the saline aquifers are potential storage sites for injected freshwater.
\nGround-water problems generally are not severe. Critical situations are restricted to areas where large quantities of ground water are being withdrawn or where aquifers are contaminated by oil-field or industrial waste. Large withdrawals in coastal areas have caused some saltwater intrusion. In other localities, highly mineralized water may have migrated along fault zones to freshwater aquifers. Many of the present problems can be resolved or ameliorated by redistributing withdrawals or developing alternative water sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/pp813O","usgsCitation":"Cedarstrom, D., Boswell, E.H., and Tarver, G.R., 1979, Summary appraisals of the nation's ground-water resources– South Atlantic-Gulf region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 813, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp813O.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":392704,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5070.htm"},{"id":22045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813o/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":169903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0813o/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 29.66896252599253\n ],\n [\n -80.39794921875,\n 28.536274512989916\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 27.877928333679495\n ],\n [\n -79.7607421875,\n 26.92206991673282\n ],\n [\n -79.89257812499999,\n 25.403584973186703\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 24.706915241066355\n ],\n [\n -81.58447265624999,\n 24.387127324604496\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 24.78673454198888\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 25.105497373014686\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 25.62171595984575\n ],\n [\n -82.001953125,\n 26.13571361317392\n ],\n [\n -82.55126953124999,\n 26.58852714730864\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 27.15692045688088\n ],\n [\n -82.96875,\n 28.09136628140692\n ],\n [\n -82.79296874999999,\n 28.690587654250685\n ],\n 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35.10193405724606\n ],\n [\n -75.89355468749999,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 34.379712580462204\n ],\n [\n -77.71728515624999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 33.706062655101206\n ],\n [\n -78.64013671875,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -78.85986328125,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.19273094190692\n ],\n [\n -79.189453125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.73876953125,\n 32.58384932565662\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 31.372399104880525\n ],\n [\n -81.27685546875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6995e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cedarstrom, D.J.","contributorId":102127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cedarstrom","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boswell, E. H.","contributorId":38954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarver, G. R.","contributorId":46160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarver","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10072,"text":"ofr791307 - 1979 - Audio-magnetotelluric data log and station-location map for the Silver Star Hot Springs area, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-14T22:13:14.868021","indexId":"ofr791307","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1307","title":"Audio-magnetotelluric data log and station-location map for the Silver Star Hot Springs area, Montana","docAbstract":"During a period of 3 days, 22 audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) soundings were made in the area of the Silver Star Hot Springs, Mont. (fig. 1). These soundings were made to assess the geothermal potential along a northern trend of. hot springs from New Biltmore Hot Springs north to Broadwater Hot Springs, Mont.
Scalar resistivities from the data log (table 1) show that thermal waters have probably altered the Cenozoic basin fill to the northeast for at least 4-5 km. Leakage of the geothermal system to the surface is probably taking place along a range-front fault at the contacts between the Precambrian metamorphics on the west and the Cenozoic basin fill on the east. Any potential geothermal system would probably be in the area near the existing hot springs or within a few kilometers to the north or northeast.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791307","usgsCitation":"Long, C.L., and Senterfit, R.M., 1979, Audio-magnetotelluric data log and station-location map for the Silver Star Hot Springs area, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1307, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791307.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425665,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1307/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1307/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Silver Star","otherGeospatial":"Silver Star Hot Springs area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.36850803099723,\n 45.70735456559231\n ],\n [\n -112.36850803099723,\n 45.63037268072682\n ],\n [\n -112.2598176049457,\n 45.63037268072682\n ],\n [\n -112.2598176049457,\n 45.70735456559231\n ],\n [\n -112.36850803099723,\n 45.70735456559231\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668cd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Carl L.","contributorId":32128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senterfit, R. Michael","contributorId":10791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senterfit","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10159,"text":"ofr79348 - 1979 - Water budget and mathematical model of the Coconino Aquifer, southern Navajo County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T11:51:09","indexId":"ofr79348","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-348","title":"Water budget and mathematical model of the Coconino Aquifer, southern Navajo County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The main source of water in the 3,400-square-mile area of southern Navajo County is the large volume of ground water in storage in the Coconino aquifer, which consists of the Coconino Sandstone, the uppermost part of the underlying Supai Formation, and the overlying Kaibab Limestone. The amount of water withdrawn from the aquifer increased from about 13,800 acre-feet in 1960 to 38,400 acre-feet in 1972. As industrial and agricultural development continues, the amount of withdrawal probably will increase greatly.
Aquifer tests indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer ranges from 8 to 40 feet per day; however, a flow-net analysis indicates that the hydraulic conductivity may be as much as 80 feet per day in the north-central part of the area. In the southern and central parts of the area the aquifer is unconfined, and the storage coefficient is estimated to be about 0.15. In the northern and eastern parts the aquifer is confined, and the storage coefficient ranges from 0.00013 to 0.0014.
A mathematical model was developed to simulate the groundwater system and to provide a management tool for estimating the effects of present and future ground-water withdrawals. The model indicates that the inflow to and outflow from the aquifer were about 105,600 acre-feet in 1960 prior to extensive ground-water development and that about 192,000 acre-feet of water was derived from groundwater storage between 1960 and 1972. The mathematical model provides an approximation of the Coconino aquifer and can be used to estimate the future response of the aquifer.
The Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs%area as used in this report consists of about 8,000 square miles in east-central Utah. The major geographic features included in the area are the Wasatch Plateau, Book Cliffs, San Rafael Swell, Price River basin, and a small part of the Green River basin (pl. 1). The area is defined by approximate drainage-divide boundaries in the Wasatch Plateau and Book Cliffs, by an arbitrary boundary on the south, and by the Utah-Colorado State line on the east.
The Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs area includes all the operating coal mines in Utah in 1978. Annual coal production in the area is expected to increase from the current (1978) rate of about 8 million tons to as much as 30 million tons within the next 10 years (J. W. Moffitt, U.S. Geological Survey, oral commun., 1978). Ground water is an important source of water supply in the area. As mining increases and mining-related municipalities grow, many sources of ground-water supply may be subjected to increased demands and possibly degradation of chemical quality.
Waddell, Vickers, Upton, and Contratto (1978) reported some ground- water data after a reconnaissance of part of the area. The purpose of this report, which was prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, is to present a more detailed compilation of ground-water-related data that were collected and compiled during October 1976 to March 1978. The report is designed to make the data available in an orderly and usable form for local and regional water managers and other users of water data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr79915","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Sumsion, C.T., 1979, Selected coal-related ground-water data, Wasatch Plateau-Book Cliffs area, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-915, Report: iv, 25 p.; Plate: 32.38 in. x 25.50 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79915.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; Plate: 32.38 in. x 25.50 in.","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0915/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":39193,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0915/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":39194,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0915/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Book Cliffs, Wasatch Plateau","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685bd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumsion, C. T.","contributorId":23129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumsion","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":163017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32563,"text":"pp1134AB - 1979 - Spatial variation in total element concentration in soil within the Northern Great Plains coal region and Regional soil chemistry in Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T21:17:30.079618","indexId":"pp1134AB","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1134","chapter":"A,B","title":"Spatial variation in total element concentration in soil within the Northern Great Plains coal region and Regional soil chemistry in Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"PART A: To objectively determine the changes in chemical character of an area subjected to mining and reclamation, prior information is needed. This study represents a broadscale inventory of total chemical composition of the surficial materials of the Northern Great Plains coal region (western North and South Dakota, eastern Montana, and northeastern Wyoming); data are given for 41 elements in A and C soil horizons. \r\n\r\nAn unbalanced, nested, analysis-of-variance design was used to quantify variation in total content of elements between glaciated and unglaciated terrains, for four increasingly smaller geographic scales, and to quantify variation due to sample preparation and analysis. From this statistical study, reliable maps on a regional basis (>100 km) were prepared for C, K, and Rb in A and C soil horizons; for N a, Si, Th, D, and Zn in A-horizon soil; and for As, Ca, Ge, and Mg in C-horizon soil. The distribution of variance components for the remaining 29 elements did not permit the construction of reliable maps. Therefore, a baseline value for each of these elements is given as a measure of the total element concentration in the soils of the Northern Great Plains coal region. The baseline is expressed as the 95-percent range in concentration to be expected in samples of natural soils.\r\n\r\nPART B: A reconnaissance study of total concentrations of 38 elements in samples of soils (0-40 cm deep, composite) from the Bighorn and Wind River Basins of Montana and Wyoming indicates that the geographic variation for most elements occurs locally (5 km or less). However, in the Bighorn Basin, Zn exhibits significant regional variation (between geologic units); and in the Wind River Basin, AI, Cr, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, U, and V exhibit similar variation. For the remaining elements, the lack of regional variation suggests that a single summary statistic can be used to estimate a baseline value that reflects the range in concentration to be expected in samples of soils in each basin. The concentrations of most of these elements in both basins are not much different from those measured independently in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming or in the Western United States. In addition, data from an analysis of variance provide an estimate of the number of random samples within an area of specified size (10 km square, approximately a township) that are needed to prepare a reliable map of total element concentration in soils for each of the elements in each of the basins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1134AB","usgsCitation":"Severson, R.C., and Tidball, R., 1979, Spatial variation in total element concentration in soil within the Northern Great Plains coal region and Regional soil chemistry in Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1134, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1134AB.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":60392,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1134a-b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":401950,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74388.htm","text":"Spatial variation in total element concentrations in soil within the northern Great Plains coal region","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163948,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1134a-b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":466308,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74389.htm","text":"Regional soil chemistry in the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming and Montana","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains coal region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 46.057985244793024\n ],\n [\n -108.3251953125,\n 46.255846818480315\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -108.61083984375,\n 46.7549166192819\n ],\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -109.62158203125,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -109.88525390624999,\n 46.22545288226939\n ],\n [\n -109.8193359375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -109.1162109375,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 46.057985244793024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -108.12744140625,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -107.9736328125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 43.83452678223682\n ],\n [\n -107.42431640625,\n 43.18114705939968\n ],\n [\n -107.0068359375,\n 42.956422511073335\n ],\n [\n -106.083984375,\n 42.84375132629021\n ],\n [\n -105.46875,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -105.00732421875,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -105.18310546875,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -105.22705078125,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -105.27099609375,\n 45.38301927899065\n ],\n [\n -104.56787109374999,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -104.30419921875,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -103.99658203125,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -103.447265625,\n 44.824708282300236\n ],\n [\n -102.041015625,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -101.31591796875,\n 44.68427737181225\n ],\n [\n -101.00830078125,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -100.56884765624999,\n 45.90529985724799\n ],\n [\n -100.17333984375,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -100.08544921874999,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -101.05224609374999,\n 48.268569112964336\n ],\n [\n -102.919921875,\n 49.738681639280024\n ],\n [\n -104.04052734375,\n 49.937079756975294\n ],\n [\n -104.34814453125,\n 49.53946900793534\n ],\n [\n -104.21630859375,\n 49.35375571830993\n ],\n [\n -104.87548828125,\n 49.48240137826932\n ],\n [\n -105.27099609375,\n 49.92293545449574\n ],\n [\n -105.62255859375,\n 50.12057809796008\n ],\n [\n -106.3037109375,\n 50.13466432216694\n ],\n [\n -106.89697265625,\n 49.83798245308484\n ],\n [\n -107.55615234375,\n 49.25346477497736\n ],\n [\n -107.64404296875,\n 48.821332549646634\n ],\n [\n -107.29248046875,\n 48.44377831058802\n ],\n [\n -106.875,\n 48.180738507303836\n ],\n [\n -106.23779296875,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -105.79833984375,\n 48.07807894349862\n ],\n [\n -105.22705078125,\n 48.10743118848039\n ],\n [\n -105.79833984375,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -106.41357421875,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -107.46826171874999,\n 46.46813299215554\n ],\n [\n -107.5341796875,\n 45.90529985724799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tidball, R.R.","contributorId":91481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tidball","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28667,"text":"wri78142 - 1979 - Water quality of selected streams in the coal area of east-central Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T14:37:32","indexId":"wri78142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-142","title":"Water quality of selected streams in the coal area of east-central Montana","docAbstract":"In October 1975 the U.S. Geological Survey established a network of nine data-collection stations on eight streams in Montana to monitor water quality in potential coal-mining areas. The report summarizes and evaluates the water-quality data that have been collected during the first 2 years (3 years for 1 station) of network operation. Big Dry Creek, Little Dry Creek, Timber Creek , and Nelson Creek are the principal streams forming the Big Dry Creek basin, which is tributary to the Missouri River. These streams all contain water of the sodium sulfate type. Concentrations were high for dissolved solids (433-4,570 mg/L) and generally low for nutrients and trace elements. Prairie Elk Creek, Sand Creek, and the Redwater River flow directly into the Missouri River. Prairie Elk and Sand Creeks have mainly sodium bicarbonate water, whereas the Redwater River is predominately sodium sulfate water. All three streams contained water of high dissolved-solids concentration (160-3,370 mg/L) and generally low nutrient and trace-element concentrations. Burns Creek is tributary to the Yellowstone River. The water type is generally sodium sulfate during the spring and summer and sodium bicarbonate during the fall and winter. Water from Burns Creek ranged from 382 to 1,420 mg/L dissolved solids. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri78142","usgsCitation":"McKinley, P.W., 1979, Water quality of selected streams in the coal area of east-central Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-142, v, 49 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78142.","productDescription":"v, 49 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369139,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0142/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -106.380615234375,\n 46.09609080214316\n ],\n [\n -106.380615234375,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 47.368594345213374\n ],\n [\n -109.2919921875,\n 46.09609080214316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5ca885","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKinley, P. W.","contributorId":16414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKinley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43659,"text":"ofr79336 - 1979 - Hydrologic overlay maps of the Cape Canaveral Quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T10:54:44","indexId":"ofr79336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-336","title":"Hydrologic overlay maps of the Cape Canaveral Quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"Brevard County is an area of some 1,300 square miles located on the east coast of central Florida. The Cape Canaveral quadrangle, in central Brevard, includes part of the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, John F. Kennedy Space Center (NASA), and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The eastern part of the quadrangle is occupied by the Atlantic Ocean and the western part by estuarine waters of the Banana River. Topography is characterized by numerous elongate sand dumes, with altitudes up to 10 feet or greater, which roughly parallel the estuary and ocean.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79336","usgsCitation":"Frazee, J.M., and Laughlin, C.P., 1979, Hydrologic overlay maps of the Cape Canaveral Quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-336, 5 Plates: 23.73 x 36.34 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79336.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 23.73 x 36.34 or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr79336.PNG"},{"id":326951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0336/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":326952,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0336/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":326953,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0336/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":326954,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0336/plate-4.pdf"},{"id":326955,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0336/plate-5.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Cape Canaveral","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 28.405896722414823\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 28.514556057751705\n ],\n [\n -80.50094604492186,\n 28.514556057751705\n ],\n [\n -80.50094604492186,\n 28.405896722414823\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 28.405896722414823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db60652c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazee, James M. Jr.","contributorId":83887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazee","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laughlin, Charles P.","contributorId":6490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughlin","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":228519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10292,"text":"ofr791478 - 1979 - The quality of surface water on Sanibel Island, Florida, 1976-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-21T22:39:48.500896","indexId":"ofr791478","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1478","title":"The quality of surface water on Sanibel Island, Florida, 1976-77","docAbstract":"The quality of surface water in parts of the interior of Sanibel Island has been periodically degraded by high concentrations of salt or macronutrients and by low concentrations of dissolved oxygen. In 1976 the chloride concentration of surface water ranged from about 500 milligrams per liter to almost that of seawater, 19,000 milligrams per liter. The highest salinities were during the dry season of 1976 in the Sanibel River near the Tarpon Bay control structure and are attributed to leakage of saline water past the structure. The highest concentrations of macronutrients occurred during the dry season in the eastern reach of the Sanibel River, where concentrations generally exceeded 4.0 milligrams per liter total nitrogen and 0.9 milligrams per liter total phosphorus. Organic nitrogen accounted for about 95 percent of the total nitrogen, and ammonia accounted for most of the remainder. Concentrations of ammonia exceeded 0.1 milligrams per liter in 31 percent of the wet-season samples and 14 percent of the dry-season samples. Nighttime concentrations of ammonia exceeded those in daytime by several orders of magnitude; concentration of dissolved oxygen fluctuated inversely to that of ammonia. The concentration of dissolved oxygen and the magnitude of the day-night fluctuation decreased with depth. In 1976 the median concentration of dissolved oxygen near the surface was 7.5 milligrams per liter in the dry season and 3.5 milligrams per liter in the wet season. Concentrations were lowest in the wet season along an eastern reach of the Sanibel River and in several nearby ponds and canals where near-anaerobic conditions prevailed. The high concentrations of macronutrients and the low concentrations of dissolved oxygen at some surface-water sites are attributed, in part, to urban runoff and sewage effluent that flow directly into the surface water or seep through the shallow water-table aquifer into surface-water bodies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791478","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Lee County, City of Sanibel; Lee County, Florida and the Island Water Association","usgsCitation":"McPherson, B.F., and O’Donnell, T., 1979, The quality of surface water on Sanibel Island, Florida, 1976-77: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1478, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791478.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144081,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1478/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":422799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1478/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Sanibel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.08721351532877,\n 26.467371950617917\n ],\n [\n -82.08721351532877,\n 26.420799203743798\n ],\n [\n -82.00740949000107,\n 26.420799203743798\n ],\n [\n -82.00740949000107,\n 26.467371950617917\n ],\n [\n -82.08721351532877,\n 26.467371950617917\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db641959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Benjamin F.","contributorId":17965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Donnell, T.H.","contributorId":69970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10295,"text":"ofr791642 - 1979 - K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10295,"text":"ofr791642 - 1979 - K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","indexId":"ofr791642","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043067,"text":"70043067 - 1980 - K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","indexId":"70043067","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70043067,"text":"70043067 - 1980 - K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","indexId":"70043067","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"title":"K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-21T18:53:36.275695","indexId":"ofr791642","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1642","title":"K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado","docAbstract":"The San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado are famous for rich vein deposits of base and precious metals and for patterns of conspicuous hydrothermal alteration. Areas of acid-sulfate alteration, characterized by extensive base leaching of volcanic rocks or hypabyssal plutons, are of current interest because of their local association with Au, Ag, and, in some cases, U mineralization (Lipman and others, 1976; Cunningham and others, 1978; Steven and others, 1979). Potential may also exist for recovery of aluminum from altered rocks rich in alunite (Hall, 1978). Alunite has been shown to be suitable for K-Ar dating in other mining districts (Mehnert and others, 1973b; Ashley and Silberman, 1976). We report here two concordant K-Ar ages determined on hydrothermal alunite from Red Mountain, in the Lake City area of the western San Juan Mountains.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791642","usgsCitation":"Mehnert, H.H., Slack, J.F., and Cebula, G.T., 1979, K-Ar age of alunite alteration at Red Mountain, Lake City area, western San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1642, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791642.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419984,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1642/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":144084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1642/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Lake City","otherGeospatial":"Red Mountain, San Juan Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.36220553780169,\n 38.037420680809646\n ],\n [\n -107.36220553780169,\n 37.958594813260376\n ],\n [\n -107.29532240114737,\n 37.958594813260376\n ],\n [\n -107.29532240114737,\n 38.037420680809646\n ],\n [\n -107.36220553780169,\n 38.037420680809646\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b489f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mehnert, Harald H.","contributorId":56221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"Harald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":161153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cebula, Gerald T.","contributorId":43775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cebula","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6430,"text":"pp1072 - 1979 - North American Paleozoic land snails, with a summary of other Paleozoic nonmarine snails","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T22:36:17.773438","indexId":"pp1072","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1072","title":"North American Paleozoic land snails, with a summary of other Paleozoic nonmarine snails","docAbstract":"Land snails from the Paleozoic of North America are known from the coal fields of eastern Canada, from the Dunkard basin west of the Allegheny Mountains, and from the western margin of the Illinois basin. The earliest finds were made about 125 years ago; essentially no new information has been recorded for a century. \r\n\r\nLarge collections of Anthracopupa from the Dunkard basin sparked inquiry into the land snails from the other two areas. Studies using the SEM (scanning electron microscope) have provided considerable insight into microdetails of shell structure, which allow systematic assignment of these gastropods. All may be assigned to extant families, except one, for which insufficient material allows only superfamily assignment. \r\n\r\nThe prosobranch Dawsonella is confirmed as being a terrestrial neritacean gastropod. To date, it is known only from the upper Middle Pennsylvanian of Illinois and Indiana. All the other Paleozoic land snails are stylommatophoran pulmonates; their current classification as nonmarine cyclophoraceans is not correct. \r\n\r\nRestudy of material from the Joggins section of Nova Scotia indicates that representatives of two ordinal groups of pulmonates appeared simultaneously in upper Lower Pennsylvanian strata; the oldest land prosobranch is found in only very slightly younger rocks. Zonites (Conulus) priscus is reassigned to the new genus Protodiscus in the extant family Discidae. Dendropupa is placed within the family Enidae, Anthraaopupa is placed in the family Tornatellinidae, and 'Pupa' bigsbii is assigned to the superfamily Pupillacea. All four of these family-level taxa are diverse and belong to two orders within the superorder Stylommatophora, heretofore considered a derived rather than an ancestral stock. \r\n\r\nAnthracopupa ohioensis Whitfield is a highly variable species, and two other species Naticopsis (?) diminuta and A.(?) dunkardona, both named by Stauffer and Schroyer, are placed in synonymy with it. To obtain taxonomic data to support the family placement of Anthracopupa, growth forms of modern pupillid and tornatellinid snails have been distinguished. The apertural barriers in Anthracopupa are identical in placement and growth pattern with those of living Tornatellinidae and independently confirm the family placement derived from study of the general form. One new species, A. sturgeoni, has been named. \r\n\r\nAnthracopupa is found most commonly in thin limestones interpreted as having been deposited in pools into which the small shells floated. Dendropupa is most commonly found in erect tree stumps that were covered by rapid sedimentation. Both environments are similar to those in which the shells of allied living species may be found today, and the fossils support environmental interpretations made entirely from lithology. \r\n\r\nA survey of the few European occurrences of Paleozoic land snails indicates that both Anthracopupa and Dendropupa occur in Lower Permian strata; Anthracopupa is known from beds as old as Westphalian B. These genera cannot be used for determining the Carboniferous-Permian boundary. Both the long local stratigraphic range of A. brittanica and D. vetusta reported in the literature and the moderately long range and great variability of A. ohioensis suggest that the land snails have little stratigraphic utility. \r\n\r\nOn the other hand, the occurrence of these land snails in the late Paleozoic of the Northern Hemisphere provides further fossil evidence suggestive of a closed Atlantic Ocean at that time. A comparison of the Paleozoic and the present distributions of land -snail families on both sides of the Atlantic provides some interesting data on geographic shifts of organisms. Finally, the assignment of the earliest land snails to extant taxa at the family level indicates that the subclass Pulmonata has been very conservative in its evolution after initial radiation. \r\n\r\nA few notes on Paleozoic freshwater snails complete this survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1072","usgsCitation":"Solem, A., and Yochelson, E.L., 1979, North American Paleozoic land snails, with a summary of other Paleozoic nonmarine snails: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1072, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1072.","productDescription":"42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":33840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1072/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1072/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":395507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93001.htm"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -67.1484375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 41.04621681452063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696e90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solem, Alan","contributorId":38985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solem","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yochelson, Ellis Leon","contributorId":66678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"Leon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10361,"text":"ofr79343 - 1979 - Water resources of the southern Powder River area of southeastern Montana","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10361,"text":"ofr79343 - 1979 - Water resources of the southern Powder River area of southeastern Montana","indexId":"ofr79343","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the southern Powder River area of southeastern Montana"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042990,"text":"70042990 - 1981 - Water resources of the southern Powder River area, southeastern Montana","indexId":"70042990","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the southern Powder River area, southeastern Montana"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70042990,"text":"70042990 - 1981 - Water resources of the southern Powder River area, southeastern Montana","indexId":"70042990","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Water resources of the southern Powder River area, southeastern Montana"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-01T21:42:42.335136","indexId":"ofr79343","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-343","title":"Water resources of the southern Powder River area of southeastern Montana","docAbstract":"The southern Powder River area comprises about 2,230 square miles in southeastern Montana. Sedimentary rocks beneath this area range in age from Cambrian to Holocene and attain a maximum thickness of about 12,000 feet. Rocks exposed in the study area range in age from Late Cretaceous to Holocene.
Water for domestic, stock, and public use in the southern Powder River area is available from the Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer and the upper part of the Hell Creek Formation, both of Late Cretaceous age, and the Fort Union Formation of Paleocene age. Water for industrial use might be available from the Madison Group of Mississippian age. Where adequate quantities are available, water from the Madison Group is suitable for irrigation. Water from alluvium of Holocene and Pleistocene age along the Powder River is marginally suitable for irrigation, and surface water from the Powder River is suitable for irrigation, except during periods of low flow.
The Madison Group is a sequence of carbonate rocks that underlies the entire study area and ranges in thickness from 800 to 1,500 feet. Depth to the top of the group is about 4,000 feet in the southeastern part of the area and as much as 9,000 feet in the southwestern part. Water-supply wells at the Bell Creek oil field in the southeastern part of the study area flow as much as 1,300 gal/min (gallons per minute). Oil-field water from this area contains calcium, magnesium, and sulfate as major ions, and contains less than 1,000 mg/L (milligrams per liter) dissolved solids.
The Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer is predominantly sandstone interbedded in part with sandy shale and siltstone. The aquifer crops out in the eastern part of the study area and dips generally westward beneath the land surface at about 40 to 200 feet per mile. Wells in the Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer range in depth from 25 feet in the outcrop area to 1,358 feet between the Powder and Little Powder Rivers. Measured well yields range from 3 to 200 gal/min. Many flowing wells along the principal rivers yield as much as 20 gal/min. The water contains calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate or sulfate as major ions in the outcrop area. Downgradient, sodium and bicarbonate are predominant. The dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 261 to 2,230 mg/L.
The upper part of the Hell Creek Formation consists of interbedded shale, siltstone, claystone, and sandstone. Wells in the upper part of the Hell Creek are as deep as 1,045 feet. Flowing wells along the Powder and Little Powder Rivers yield as much as 40 gal/min, but pumped wells generally yield less. The water quality is similar to that of the Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer. The dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 236 to 1,580 mg/L.
The Fort Union Formation consists of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal. The formation crops out in the western three-fourths of the study area and is about 2,100 feet thick in the southwestern part. Wells tapping this unit range in depth from 120 to 1,100 feet. Wells and springs are reported to yield as much as 20 gal/min; many wells flow. The upper part of the formation is a major aquifer west of the Powder River valley. The water contains calcium, magnesium, sodium, bicarbonate, and sulfate as the major ions in most any relative proportion. The dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 541 to 2,160 mg/L.
Alluvium is unconsolidated deposits of interbedded clay, silt, sand, and gravel, mostly along the river valleys. Maximum measured thicknesses of these deposits were 62 and 55 feet along the Powder and Little Powder Rivers, respectively. Several irrigation wells drilled in the alluvium along the Powder River have reported yields of as much as 900 gal/min. Water contains calcium, magnesium, and sulfate as major ions. The dissolved-solids concentration of two water samples from the Powder River valley was 1,780 and 2,240 mg/L.
The only perennial streams are the Powder and Little Powder Rivers. Based on available streamflow records, the mean-annual discharge of the Powder River at Moorhead, in the southwestern part of the area, is 448 cubic feet per second; discharge varies from 0 to 23,000 cubic feet per second. Mean-annual discharge of the Little Powder River near Broadus, in the north-central part of the area, is 31 cubic feet per second; discharge varies from 0 to 2,440 cubic feet per second. Water from the Powder River normally contains calcium and sulfate as the major ions. Dissolved-solids concentration ranges from 20 to 3,460 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79343","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology","usgsCitation":"Miller, W.R., 1979, Water resources of the southern Powder River area of southeastern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-343, Report: vii, 97 p.; 4 Plates: 38.53 x 25.06 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79343.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 97 p.; 4 Plates: 38.53 x 25.06 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143380,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0343/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413574,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0343/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413573,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0343/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413572,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0343/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413571,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0343/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":413570,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0343/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Powder River, southeastern Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 44.99730993309305\n ],\n [\n -105.34780716843096,\n 44.99730993309305\n ],\n [\n -105.34780716843096,\n 45.476708847648894\n ],\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 45.476708847648894\n ],\n [\n -106.1060780230682,\n 44.99730993309305\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f022d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, W. Roger","contributorId":60191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Roger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10542,"text":"ofr79712 - 1979 - Basin-margin depositional environments of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Johnson County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T20:58:58.492005","indexId":"ofr79712","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-712","title":"Basin-margin depositional environments of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Johnson County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The Paleocene Fort Union and Eocene Wasatch Formations along the east flank of the Bighorn Mountains in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Wyoming, consist of continental alluvial fan, braided stream, and poorly drained alluvial plain deposits. The Fort Union conformably overlies the Cretaceous Lance Formation, which is marine in its lower units and nonmarine in its upper part. \r\n\r\nThe formations dip steeply along the western margin of the study area and are nearly horizontal in the central and eastern portions. This structural configuration permits the reconstruction of depositional environments as an aid to understanding: (1) the evolution of the Bighorn uplift and its effects on the depositional patterns marginal to the uplift during Paleocene and Eocene time and (2) the changing depositional environments basinward from the margin of the uplift during a relatively small period of time in the Eocene.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79712","usgsCitation":"Obernyer, S.L., 1979, Basin-margin depositional environments of the Fort Union and Wasatch Formations in the Buffalo-Lake De Smet area, Johnson County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-712, Report: vii, 132 p.; 2 Plates: 33.33 × 46.10 inches and 28.04 × 27.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79712.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 132 p.; 2 Plates: 33.33 × 46.10 inches and 28.04 × 27.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391187,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11351.htm"},{"id":38384,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0712/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":38383,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0712/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0712/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38385,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0712/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Buffalo-Lake De Smet area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107,\n 44.125\n ],\n [\n -106.6,\n 44.125\n ],\n [\n -106.6,\n 44.625\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 44.625\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 44.125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obernyer, Stanley L.","contributorId":22772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obernyer","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10585,"text":"ofr79925 - 1979 - January 1979 water levels, and data related to water-level changes, western and south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T08:44:01","indexId":"ofr79925","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-925","title":"January 1979 water levels, and data related to water-level changes, western and south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"This report contains hydrologic data on water-level measurements in observation wells in western and south-central Kansas. The measurements were made in mid-winter, mostly in January, when pumping was minimal and water levels had recovered from the effects of pumping during the previous irrigation season. This report also provides basic hydrologic data for relating water-level changes from a \"base-reference year\" (predevelopment year), a year of abnormally high rainfall and minimum pumpage (1966), and the previous year (1978). The \"base-reference year\" is designated as 1950 for the northwestern and west-central areas, 1940 for the southwestern area, and 1944 for the south-central area. Water-level data in the south-central area also are compared with data for 1974, which represents the recent period of intensified irrigation-well development.
Tables in the report show the depths to water level in 1940, 1944, or 1950 (predevelopment year), 1966, 1974, 1978, and 1979; water-level changes from 1940-79, 1944-79, 1950-79, 1966-79, 1974-79, and 1978-79; and the average annual changes from 1940-79, 1944-79, 1950-79, 1966-79, and 1974-79. Also shown are saturated thicknesses of the deposits in 1940, 1944, or 1950 and in 1979, as well as the percentage change in saturated thickness from 1940-79, 1944-79, or 1950-79.
The annual water-level measurements are made by personnel of the Division of Water Resources of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture and of the U.S. Geological Survey. State-agency support for this program is provided through the Kansas Geological Survey.
Wells in this report are numbered according to the Bureau of Land Management's system of land subdivision. In this system, the first set of digits of a well number indicates the township; the second set, the range east or west of the sixth principal meridian; and the third set, the section in which the well is situated. The first letter denotes the 160-acre tract within the section; the second, the 40-acre tract; and the third, the 10-acre tract. The letters are designated in a counterclockwise direction beginning in the northeast quadrant. Where there is more than one well in a 10-acre tract, consecutive numbers, beginning with \"2\", are added in the order in which the data from the wells are collected.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79925","usgsCitation":"Pabst, M.E., 1979, January 1979 water levels, and data related to water-level changes, western and south-central Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-925, 213 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79925.","productDescription":"213 p.","numberOfPages":"217","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":143109,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0925/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346229,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0925/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db666fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pabst, Marilyn E.","contributorId":25566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pabst","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16942,"text":"ofr79718 - 1979 - Catalog of earthquakes in southern Alaska: January-March 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-21T18:54:06.329341","indexId":"ofr79718","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-718","title":"Catalog of earthquakes in southern Alaska: January-March 1978","docAbstract":"The National Center for Earthquake Research of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a program of telemetered seismic recording in south-central Alaska in 1971. The principal objectives of this program have been to use data recorded by this network to precisely locate earthquakes in the active seismic zones of southern Alaska, to delineate seismically active faults, to assess seismic risk, to document potential premonitory earthquake phenomena, to investigate current tectonic deformation, and to study the structure and physical properties of the crust and upper mantle. A task fundamental to all of these goals is the routine cataloging of earthquake parameters for earthquakes located within and adjacent to the seismograph network.
The initial network of 10 stations, 7 around Cook Inlet and 3 near Valdez, was installed in 1971. Each summer since then additions or modifications to the network have been made. By the Fall of 1973, 26 stations extended from western Cook Inlet to eastern Prince William Sound, and 4 stations were located between Cordova and Yakutat. A year later 20 additional stations were installed. Thirteen of these were placed along the eastern Gulf of Alaska with support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Program to investigate the seismicity of the outer continental shelf (OCS) region of interest for oil exploration. During the subsequent years the region covered by the network has remained relatively fixed while effort has been made to improve the instrumentation and installation of the stations in order to make them more reliable.
This earthquake catalog presents origin times, focal coordinates and magnitudes for 384 shocks occurring in the first quarter of 1978. Readings from a total of 62 stations were used to locate the shocks, including 11 stations operated by the NOAA Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (formerly Palmer Observatory), and 5 stations operated by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska (U. of A.).
Earthquakes in south-central Alaska as small as magnitude 3.0 have been routinely located by the National Earthquake Information Service of the USGS and its predecessor since the great Alaska earthquake of 1964 and published in the reports \"Preliminary Determination of Epicenters\" (PDE). In contrast the shocks included in this catalog are as small as magnitude 1.0 and most are smaller than magnitude 3.0. Data for the larger historic earthquakes in south-central Alaska have been tabulated by Meyers (1976).
The locations of the stations of the USGS seismograph network are plotted in Figure 1 and listed in Table 1 along with the additional stations from which readings were obtained. The USGS stations have single, vertical-component seismometers except for GLB, PNL, RDT, SKN, and VLZ which also have two horizontal seismometers.
This report presents data assembled during a July 1975 to August 1977 study of the water resources of an area within, and adjacent to, a part of the Fort Lewis Military Reservation that prior to 1917 was included in the Nisqually Indian Reservation. Because the area is within or near the artillery ranges of the U.S. Army, the existing water resources of the study area are almost undeveloped.
The only surface-water bodies of significance in the study area are Muck Creek, Nisqually Lake, and springs. The flow of Muck Creek as measured at a gaging station at Roy, east of the study area, ranged from no flow to a maximum discharge of 692 cubic feet per second during the period 1956-77. No flow occurred there about 9 percent of the time during the period 19.56-71. A large spring discharged from 0.12 to 4.56 cubic feet per second during the study period.
Development or diversion of Muck Creek near its mouth would provide sufficient water for a small- to medium-sized fish-rearing facility. The highest water temperature recorded at this site during the study was 14.0°C, in August 1977, with a stream discharge of 7.12 cubic feet per second.
Nisqually Lake, with a surface area of about 89 acres, is shallow with a flat bottom. The existing lake water is relatively high with dissolved solids, organic nitrogen and phosphorus, and biologically productive. Species of warm-water fish are probably best suited for the lake.
Ground water beneath the study area occurs in unconsolidated glacial drift or outwash of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. One of the permeable rock units is the Steilacoom Gravel of Pleistocene age. Yields to wells from this material in a nearby area are from 100 to 250 gallons per minute. Drilling of test wells in the study area would provide more reliable data on ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri78101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nisqually Community Council","usgsCitation":"Pearson, H.E., and Dion, N.P., 1979, Water resources of the Nisqually Lake area, Pierce County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-101, ix, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78101.","productDescription":"ix, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0101/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":363797,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0101/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Pierce County","otherGeospatial":"Nisqually Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.77256011962889,\n 47.00132908676542\n ],\n [\n -122.58132934570311,\n 47.00132908676542\n ],\n [\n -122.58132934570311,\n 47.095837806027205\n ],\n [\n -122.77256011962889,\n 47.095837806027205\n ],\n [\n -122.77256011962889,\n 47.00132908676542\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, H. E.","contributorId":52970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":42815,"text":"ofr79534 - 1979 - Preliminary reconnaissance geologic maps of the Columbia River Basalt Group in parts of eastern Washington and northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:24:04.115586","indexId":"ofr79534","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-534","title":"Preliminary reconnaissance geologic maps of the Columbia River Basalt Group in parts of eastern Washington and northern Idaho","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79534","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Bentley, R.D., Byerly, G.R., Gardner, J.N., and Wright, T.L., 1979, Preliminary reconnaissance geologic maps of the Columbia River Basalt Group in parts of eastern Washington and northern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-534, Report: 34 p.; 9 Plates: 32.51 x 23.73 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79534.","productDescription":"Report: 34 p.; 9 Plates: 32.51 x 23.73 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":80635,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80636,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80637,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80639,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80630,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80631,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80632,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80633,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80634,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":80638,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0534/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408916,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11286.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 48.417\n ],\n [\n -121.333,\n 48.417\n ],\n [\n -121.333,\n 45.667\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 45.667\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 48.417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bentley, R. D.","contributorId":85561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bentley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerly, G. R.","contributorId":6826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gardner, J. N.","contributorId":25913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":227185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":8222,"text":"ofr79414 - 1979 - Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8222,"text":"ofr79414 - 1979 - Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"ofr79414","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047444,"text":"70047444 - 1979 - Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047444","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047444,"text":"70047444 - 1979 - Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","indexId":"70047444","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and groundwater resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:37:26","indexId":"ofr79414","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-414","title":"Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Monroe County is on the eastern border of Pennsylvania and includes much of the area popularly called the Poconos. It is an area long used for outdoor recreation and includes a part of the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area.
Water resources in the county are derived from precipitation. The Lehigh and Delaware Rivers, bordering the northwestern and southeastern parts, respectively, are the drains for surface-water and ground-water discharge and are essentially unused for water supply.
Water budgets were calculated for average conditions when annual precipitation is 45 in. Sixty percent of this or 27 in. runs off and 65 percent of that runoff or 17 in. moves through the ground-water reservoir. Evapotranspiration varies little between wet and dry years and averages 18 in.
Bedrock consists of Silurian and Devonian sedimentary rocks, which are intensely deformed by folding in the southeastern third of the county and are moderately deformed in the remainder. During the Pleistocene Epoch, glaciers repeatedly advanced across most of the county. The last of these advances deposited a terminal moraine that extends across the southwestern part of the county. The glaciers eroded pre-existing deposits, veneered the upland, and filled valleys with unconsolidated deposits that changed surface-water drainage and altered ground-water gradients.
Water occurs in fractures and solution openings in the consolidated rocks and in intergranular openings in the unconsolidated rocks and weathered calcareous sandstones. Water that reaches the water table moves down the hydraulic gradient to points of discharge, moving both laterally and vertically away from ground-water divides and toward streams. The thickness of the fresh-water system is 800 ft or more, but little water is yielded to wells by aquifers more than 500 ft below land surface. Ground-water recharge is 600 to 650 (gal/min)/mi2; and about 1.6 billion gallons per square mile is stored in the ground-water reservoir.
Currently the most productive wells are in consolidated-rock aquifers; however, specific-capacity data suggest that wells in the unconsolidated deposits have potentially larger yields. Well yield is affected primarily by the distribution, size, and interconnection of the water-bearing openings and by topographic location, available recharge, well-depth, location within the flow system, pumping rate and duration of pumping, and interference from other pumping wells. Potential yields of properly located, drilled, and developed wells have been calculated for the aquifers. The median yields calculated from specific capacity data from the unconsolidated deposits, are 200 gal/min; from the Bloomsburg Formation, 100 gal/min; and from the Poplar Gap Member of the Catskill Formation, 70 gal/min. Median yields of the other units range from 15 to 40 gal/min. In general, enough water for domestic use can be obtained throughout the county. Large-scale development and consumptive use of the ground water will diminish baseflow of the streams.
The temperature of water measured in wells ranges from 44° to 57°F and is largely dependent on altitude of the land surface and depth to the producing zone. Hardness of water in the noncarbonate rocks averages 3 to 4 grains per gallon, or about half that of the carbonate rocks. Water from most of the bedrock aquifers is low in dissolved solids, acidic, and soft. In carbonate rocks, the water tends to be hard and slightly alkaline. Excessive amounts of iron and manganese are encountered in water from the unconsolidated deposits and, locally, from the Catskill and Shawangunk Formations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79414","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Topographic and Geologic Survey, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Carswell, L.D., and Lloyd, O.B., 1979, Ground-water resources of Monroe County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-414, Report: 100 p.; 2 Plates: 53.19 x 41.58 inches and 56.43 x 41.52 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79414.","productDescription":"Report: 100 p.; 2 Plates: 53.19 x 41.58 inches and 56.43 x 41.52 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":353263,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0414/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353264,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0414/figure-2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":353265,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0414/figure-3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0414/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.75,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -74.9,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -74.9,\n 41.3\n ],\n [\n -75.75,\n 41.3\n ],\n [\n -75.75,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, Louis D.","contributorId":17259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lloyd, Orville B. Jr.","contributorId":47639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"Orville","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8246,"text":"ofr791297 - 1979 - Summary of hydrologic data for Tampa Bypass Canal System, July 1974 to September 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-11T18:22:11.183644","indexId":"ofr791297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1297","title":"Summary of hydrologic data for Tampa Bypass Canal System, July 1974 to September 1976","docAbstract":"The Tampa Bypass Canal is part of a flood-control project east of the city of Tampa under construction by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It will divert floodwater from the Hillsborough River at points upstream from Tampa through a canal system to McKay Bay. The U.S. Geological Survey began a hydrologic data program in 1974 to provide data needed to identify existing hydrologic conditions and to evaluate the effects of canal construction. A network of surface-water and ground-water sites was designed to monitor changes in nutrients, trace metals, major inorganic constituents, pesticides, and benthic invertebrates along the canal system; to monitor changes in trace elements, common constituents, nitrates, specific conductance, and chlorides in the Floridan aquifer; and to monitor changes in the potentiometric surface of the Floridan aquifer.
In 1974-75, the monitoring program consisted of drilling 12 monitor wells and initiation of the surface-water sampling program. In 1976, the program consisted of drilling five additional wells, continuation of the surface-water sampling, initiation of ground-water sampling program, and monitoring of discharge from springs.
Water-quality data for nine surface-water sites in the basin were collected at each of the control structure sites, in the tidal portion of the canal, and at each of the major tributaries to the canal system.
Fifteen ground-water sites were sampled annually to provide information on ground-water quality. Ten wells were sampled semiannually for dissolved chloride concentrations to provide information on the freshwater-saltwater interface. Ground-water levels were collected at 34 wells in the areas adjacent to the canal to monitor changes in the potentiometric surface in the Floridan aquifer.
Discharge measurements from springs along the canal system were made in 1969-73 and 1976 to provide data on the quantity of ground water entering the canal. A daily discharge station was operated at structure S-160 to determine quantity of water flowing from the canal system into the bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791297","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Causseaux, K.W., and Rollins, H., 1979, Summary of hydrologic data for Tampa Bypass Canal System, July 1974 to September 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1297, iv, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791297.","productDescription":"iv, 74 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142058,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1297/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.60182943316552,\n 28.08882190162491\n ],\n [\n -82.60182943316552,\n 27.846197307615455\n ],\n [\n -82.36560217558342,\n 27.846197307615455\n ],\n [\n -82.36560217558342,\n 28.08882190162491\n ],\n [\n -82.60182943316552,\n 28.08882190162491\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699069","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causseaux, Kennedy W.","contributorId":60644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causseaux","given":"Kennedy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rollins, H.C.","contributorId":102885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8263,"text":"ofr79699 - 1979 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of western Arctic Alaska, 1976 and 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-08T12:27:04","indexId":"ofr79699","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-699","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of western Arctic Alaska, 1976 and 1977","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of the water resources of the western Arctic was conducted during April 1976 and August 1977. Data were collected at 9 springs, 9 lakes and 22 stream sites.
Using slope-conveyance methods based on field evidence, estimates of bankfull and maximum evident flood-peak discharges were made for 20 selected streams. Maximum evident flood peak discharges ranged from 7.0 to 80.8 (ft3/s )/mi2 and averaged 30.1 (ft3/s)/mi2. These estimates bore no obvious relation to either drainage basin physiography or climatalogical characteristics. Both the bankfull and maximum evident flood-peak discharges were generally less than the 50-year flood and greater than the 2-year flood estimates made using regression relations developed from Alaska stream gaging records and drainage basin characteristics.
Springs were found only in the foothills of the Brooks Range. Their discharge ranged from 1.42 ft3/s at the Eli River spring to 13.0 ft3/s at North Fork Squirrel River spring. Water temperatures of springs sampled ranged from 0.00C at the Omikviorok spring to 3.50C at the Kavrorak Springs near Kivalina. The nine springs were found by noting the locations of the associated icings on Landsat imagery of the previous year.
Eleven stream sites were sampled under winter conditions; all were on the Arctic Slope. No winter streamflow was found at any of the streams. It appears that the streamflow on the Arctic Slope ceases in late winter except for limited local zones of ground-water discharge that form icings.
Ice thickness on most lakes was 6 ft except at Teshekpuk Lake where the ice was 8 ft thick. Three of the nine lakes examined were frozen to the bottom.
Winter water quality of the lakes and of standing water at stream sites was characterized by higher specific conductivity values than in summer. At three of the five lakes where specific conductance was measured, it was equal to or greater than 700 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C; at four of the five rivers where standing water was found, it was more than 400 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C.
Biological sampling was done to identify the widest range of benthic invertebrates likely to be present in a representative reach of a stream. A total of nine spring sites was sampled using drift nets in April 1976. Twenty-one stream sites and one spring were sampled in August 1977 by dip nets. Total numbers of organisms collected using drift net sampling in April 1976 ranged from 0 to 480. Total numbers of organisms collected by dip net sampling in August 1977 ranged from 0 to 776.
A hydrologic reconnaissance of the eastern Alaskan Arctic Slope was completed in 1975. The work covered in this report and in the 1975 companion report represents a preliminary hydrologic reconnaissance for the entire Alaskan Arctic Slope and western foothills regions of the Brooks Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79699","usgsCitation":"Childers, J.M., Kernodle, D.R., and Loeffler, R.M., 1979, Hydrologic reconnaissance of western Arctic Alaska, 1976 and 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-699, v, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79699.","productDescription":"v, 70 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":361897,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0699/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":140083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0699/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 66\n ],\n [\n -150,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 71.5\n ],\n [\n -167,\n 66\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e9bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Childers, Joseph M.","contributorId":14379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childers","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kernodle, Donald R.","contributorId":63003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kernodle","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loeffler, Robert M.","contributorId":80672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loeffler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10825,"text":"ofr791686 - 1979 - Reconnaissance survey of helium in soil gas in the eastern half of the Richfield, Utah 1° x 2° quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T18:23:51.765872","indexId":"ofr791686","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1686","title":"Reconnaissance survey of helium in soil gas in the eastern half of the Richfield, Utah 1° x 2° quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr791686","usgsCitation":"Reimer, G.M., 1979, Reconnaissance survey of helium in soil gas in the eastern half of the Richfield, Utah 1° x 2° quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1686, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791686.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389486,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_11218.htm"},{"id":38628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1686/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1686/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Richfield 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.0830,\n 38.0\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 38.0\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -113.0830,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -113.0830,\n 38.0\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimer, G. Michael","contributorId":95875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimer","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27362,"text":"wri7943 - 1979 - Water-table map of Waukesha County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T09:22:57","indexId":"wri7943","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-43","title":"Water-table map of Waukesha County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A map (scale 1:100,000) was prepared of the water table in Waukesha County in southeastern Wisconsin using water levels from more than 1,700 wells. The work was done as part of a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey, and the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. The map shows the altitude of the water table in increments of 20 feet, with supplemental 10-foot contours. The altitude ranges from less than 670 feet at a point along the east border of the county to more than 1,000 feet above sea level at three points in the central part of the county. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7943","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, J.B., 1979, Water-table map of Waukesha County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-43, 1 Plate: 22.67 x 19.58 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7943.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 22.67 x 19.58 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":362795,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0043/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Waukesha County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.5401,43.1978],[-88.4183,43.1964],[-88.3027,43.1954],[-88.1827,43.1948],[-88.0639,43.194],[-88.0664,43.1076],[-88.0682,43.0202],[-88.0692,42.9725],[-88.0675,42.9334],[-88.0699,42.8447],[-88.1868,42.8451],[-88.3044,42.8444],[-88.5413,42.8445],[-88.5413,42.9341],[-88.5407,43.0232],[-88.5407,43.111],[-88.5401,43.1978]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Waukesha\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, J. B.","contributorId":63805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":10930,"text":"ofr78736 - 1979 - Evaluation of Landsat multispectral scanner images for mapping altered rocks in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-29T19:40:28.8665","indexId":"ofr78736","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-736","title":"Evaluation of Landsat multispectral scanner images for mapping altered rocks in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah","docAbstract":"The East Tintic Mountains, Utah consist of folded and faulted Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, which are partly covered by Tertiary volcanic rocks. Clastic rocks dominate the lower one-third of the Paleozoic section, whereas carbonate rocks with subordinate amounts of shale and elastic rocks predominate in the remainder. Some of the rocks, especially the Tintic Quartzite and some shales, are commonly limonitic, an important factor in analysis of Landsat MSS images. The volcanic rocks, mainly tuffs, flows, and agglomerates of quartz latitic and latitic composition, are limonitic in a few places where hematite is present in the groundmass.
Emplacement of monzonite and biotite monzonite porphyry bodies resulted in several types of altered rocks. Most widespread are argillized and silicified rocks, which are commonly bleached and limonitic. Locally, the intrusive rocks arc also altered. Hydrothermal dolomite is common in the northern part of the area, and in the East Tintic mining district, calcitic, chloritic, and weakly argillized volcanic rocks and pebble dikes are widespread. Volcanic rocks subjected to an early phase of \"intravolcanic weathering\" in this district are weakly altered but commonly limonitic. Barren as well as mineralized veins are present throughout the study area.
In situ spectral reflectance curves representing the most abundant altered and unaltered rocks show that the argillized and silicified rocks generally have intense ferric-iron and hydroxyl absorption bands owing to the presence of iron-oxide and hydroxyl-bearing phases, respectively. These features are generally absent in the unaltered rocks, except the limonitic rocks, which have prominent iron absorption hands. Both spectral features are weakly expressed in the volcanic rocks subjected to accelerated weathering, On the other hand, hydrothermal dolomite and calcitic volcanic rocks generally lack both features, and thus are spectrally similar to the unaltered rocks. Chloritic rocks are of limited distribution and have not been measured spectrally.
Most of the silicified and argillized areas are apparent in Skylab S190B, high altitude-, and low altitude color aerial photographs because of the high albedo of these rocks. However, many unaltered rocks have similar albedos and therefore are not distinguishable from the altered rocks. Moreover, very little color information is available in these photographs. These problems are further complicated by brightness variations related to topographic slope.
MSS ratio images were generated to subdue the effects of topographic slope and albedo, and combined into several color composite images for displaying the spectral reflectance differences between the most widespread altered and unaltered rocks. The most effective combination proved to be MSS 4/5, MSS 4/6, and MSS 6/7 using blue, yellow and magenta diazo films, respectively, rather than the MSS 4/5, MSS 5/6, and MSS 6/7 combination used so successfully in south-central Nevada. Consideration of schematic frequency distributions of ratio values for these two areas suggests that the lack of enhancement of limonitic rocks in MSS 5/6 images of the present study area is due to the higher frequency of low ratios representing vegetation.
Comparison of a limonitic bedrock map produced by scanning the optimum color-ratio composite image with a map of the silicified rocks shows good agreement, except where they are obscured by vegetation. Measurements of vegetation density indicate that shrub cover and. juniper, pinyon, and sage cover greater than 40-50 and 33-43 percent, respectively, obscure limonitic rocks in these images. Argillized rocks, the most widely distributed altered rock type, were consistently detected in exposed areas. On the other hand, hydrothermal dolomite and calcitic and chloritic volcanic rocks are not portrayed in the limonitic bedrock map because of their general lack of limonite. Some altered rocks, especially veins and pebble dikes, are too small to be detected by the MSS except where they are closely spaced and well exposed.
Another important limitation is that exposures of unaltered limonitic sedimentary and volcanic rocks are included in the limonitic bedrock map. Analysis of in situ spectral reflectance measurements indicates that this limitation can be largely overcome by obtaining radiance information in the 2.2 and 1.6 μm regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78736","usgsCitation":"Rowan, L.C., and Abrams, M.J., 1979, Evaluation of Landsat multispectral scanner images for mapping altered rocks in the East Tintic Mountains, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-736, iii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78736.","productDescription":"iii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142397,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0736/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425090,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0736/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"East Tintic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.24469940984451,\n 40.09365387006196\n ],\n [\n -112.24469940984451,\n 39.96382253126157\n ],\n [\n -112.08479459294077,\n 39.96382253126157\n ],\n [\n -112.08479459294077,\n 40.09365387006196\n ],\n [\n -112.24469940984451,\n 40.09365387006196\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faffc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowan, Lawrence C.","contributorId":58629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrams, Michael J.","contributorId":15192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24171,"text":"ofr79681 - 1979 - Streamflow statistical summaries for Colorado streams through September 30, 1975: Volume 1: Missouri River, Arkansas River, and Rio Grande Basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr79681","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-681","title":"Streamflow statistical summaries for Colorado streams through September 30, 1975: Volume 1: Missouri River, Arkansas River, and Rio Grande Basins","docAbstract":"Statistical summaries of daily streamflow data for 246 stations east of the Continental Divide in Colorado and adjacent States are presented in this report. Duration tables, high-flow sequence tables, and low-flow sequence tables provide information about daily mean discharge. The mean, variance, standard deviation, skewness, and coefficient of variation are provided for monthly and annual flows. Percentages of average flow are provided for monthly flows and first-order serial-correlation coefficients are provided for annual flows. The text explains the nature and derivation of the data and illustrates applications of the tabulated information by examples. The data may be used by agencies and individuals engaged in water studies. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr79681","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Petsch, H.E., 1979, Streamflow statistical summaries for Colorado streams through September 30, 1975: Volume 1: Missouri River, Arkansas River, and Rio Grande Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-681, 3 v. :ill. ;28 cm.; (519 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79681.","productDescription":"3 v. :ill. ;28 cm.; (519 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":113017,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0681/report.pdf","size":"35054","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155465,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0681/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4d48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petsch, Harold E.","contributorId":25594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petsch","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7096,"text":"ofr791139 - 1979 - Description of dredge samples from the Bering Sea continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T20:44:17.754546","indexId":"ofr791139","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1139","title":"Description of dredge samples from the Bering Sea continental margin","docAbstract":"During 1978 twenty dredge sites were occupied and successfully dredged from the R.V. S.P. LEE along the eastern Bering Sea continental margin (Fig. 1). A total of several tons of rock were collected using a chain-bag dredge. Samples were recovered in water depths ranging from 750 to 2,750 meters from exposures along the continental slope bordering the large Bering Sea shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791139","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., Cooper, A.K., Scholl, D.W., Vallier, T.L., and McLean, H., 1979, Description of dredge samples from the Bering Sea continental margin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1139, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791139.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":141536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1139/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":424697,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1139/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -185.15090325261252,\n 57.09189815353466\n ],\n [\n -185.15090325261252,\n 50.777014004737026\n ],\n [\n -160.1657690351336,\n 50.777014004737026\n ],\n [\n -160.1657690351336,\n 57.09189815353466\n ],\n [\n -185.15090325261252,\n 57.09189815353466\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dbf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":154278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":154282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vallier, Tracy L.","contributorId":28857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallier","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McLean, Hugh","contributorId":73977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":154281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}