Diadromous fishes undergo dramatic changes in osmoregulatory capacity in preparation for migration between freshwater and seawater. One of the primary hormones involved in coordinating these changes is the glucocorticoid hormone, cortisol. In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), cortisol levels increase during the spring smoltification period prior to seawater migration; however, the neuroendocrine factors responsible for regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and plasma cortisol levels during smoltification remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated seasonal changes in circulating levels of cortisol and its primary secretagogue—adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)—as well as transcript abundance of the major regulators of HPI axis activity in the preoptic area, hypothalamus, and pituitary between migratory smolts and pre-migratory parr. Smolts exhibited higher plasma cortisol levels compared to parr across all timepoints but circulating ACTH levels were only elevated in May. Transcript abundance of preoptic area corticotropin-releasing factor b1 and arginine vasotocin were ~2-fold higher in smolts compared to parr in February through May. Smolts also had ~7-fold greater hypothalamic transcript abundance of urotensin 1 (uts-1a) compared to parr in May through July. When transferred to seawater during peak smolting in May smolts rapidly upregulated hypothalamic uts-1a transcript levels within 24 h, while parr only transiently upregulated uts-1a 96 h post-transfer. In situ hybridization revealed that uts-1a is highly abundant in the lateral tuberal nucleus (NLT) of the hypothalamus, consistent with a role in regulating the HPI axis. Overall, our results highlight the complex, multifactorial regulation of cortisol and provide novel insight into the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling osmoregulation in teleosts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fendo.2022.859817","usgsCitation":"Culbert, B.M., Regish, A.M., Hall, D., McCormick, S.D., and Bernier, N.J., 2022, Neuroendocrine regulation of plasma cortisol levels during smoltification and seawater acclimation of Atlantic salmon: Frontiers in Endocrinology, v. 13, 859817, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859817.","productDescription":"859817, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135566","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.859817","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":401294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbert, Brett M","contributorId":292078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culbert","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":12660,"text":"University of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regish, Amy M. 0000-0003-4747-4265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-4265","contributorId":265360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regish","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, Daniel J","contributorId":292080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Daniel J","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bernier, Nicholas J.","contributorId":220922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bernier","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40293,"text":"Univ of Guelph","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":843795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70231662,"text":"70231662 - 2022 - Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the global ocean: New sources for critical metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-15T13:53:03.596218","indexId":"70231662","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-21T08:24:44","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the global ocean: New sources for critical metals","docAbstract":"The transition from a global hydrocarbon economy to a green energy economy and the rapidly growing middle class in developing countries are driving the need for considerable new sources of critical materials. Deep-ocean minerals, namely cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts and polymetallic nodules, are two such new resources generating interest.
Polymetallic nodules are essentially two-dimensional mineral deposits sitting on abyssal plain sediments at about 3,500–6,000 m water depths. Metals of economic interest enriched in nodules include nickel, copper, manganese, cobalt and molybdenum. Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts are also two-dimensional deposits forming pavements on rock outcrops on seamounts and ridges at water depths of 400–7,000 m. Metals of economic interest for crusts include cobalt, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, tellurium, platinum, vanadium and rare earth elements.
A conservative estimate is that 21.1 billion dry tons of polymetallic nodules exist in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) manganese nodule field, the largest in area and tonnage of the known global nodule fields. Based on that estimate, tonnages of many critical metals in the CCZ nodules are greater than those found in global terrestrial reserves. About 7.5 billion dry tons of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts are estimated to occur in the Pacific Ocean Prime Crust Zone, the area with the highest tonnage of critical-metal-rich crust deposits, with many elements contained therein estimated to be greater than those found in global terrestrial reserves.
Deep-ocean mining has not yet been carried out in the Exclusive Economic Zone of any nation, nor in the Areas beyond national jurisdiction, although extensive mineral exploration and environmental studies are being conducted and exploitation regulations codified, indicating that mining activities will likely begin in the near future. If deep-ocean mining follows the evolution of offshore production of petroleum, we can expect that about 35–45 per cent of the demand for critical metals will come from deep-ocean mines by 2065.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The United Nations convention on the law of the sea, part XI regime and the international seabed authority: A twenty-five year journey","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Brill","doi":"10.1163/9789004507388_013","usgsCitation":"Hein, J.R., and Mizell, K., 2022, Deep-ocean polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in the global ocean: New sources for critical metals, chap. 8 of The United Nations convention on the law of the sea, part XI regime and the international seabed authority: A twenty-five year journey, p. 177-197, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004507388_013.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"197","ipdsId":"IP-120065","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004507388/BP000021.xml"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":843290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70255196,"text":"70255196 - 2022 - Trade-offs between utility-scale solar development and ungulates on western rangelands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T12:13:00.32465","indexId":"70255196","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-21T07:09:04","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5993,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trade-offs between utility-scale solar development and ungulates on western rangelands","docAbstract":"Utility-scale solar energy (USSE) has become an efficient and cost-effective form of renewable energy, with an expanding footprint into rangelands that provide important habitat for many wild ungulate populations. Using global positioning system data collected before and after construction, we documented the potential impacts of USSE on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), including direct habitat loss, indirect habitat loss, and barrier effects to both resident and migratory population segments. Our case study highlights the challenges that USSE poses to ungulate conservation, including (1) impermeable security fencing that blocks access to and reduces connectivity between formerly available habitats, and (2) the lack of guidelines for minimizing USSE impacts on ungulates. Improved siting and ungulate-specific best management practices would help to minimize habitat loss and retain landscape connectivity. Ungulate biodiversity and ecosystem services (for example, services provided by long-distance migratory species) in arid rangelands are important considerations when balancing the global benefits of renewable energy with local wildlife impacts.
We calculated reference intervals for 48 blood parameters from 120 wild American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) in South Florida, US. Although previously reported by others, this study includes additional parameters not yet reported in wild populations. Most previously reported blood parameter values were similar to ours and fell within our reference intervals.
The clay-rich Glen Torridon region of Gale crater, Mars, was explored between sols 2300 and 3007. Here, we analyzed the diagenetic features observed by Curiosity, including veins, cements, nodules, and nodular bedrock, using the ChemCam, Mastcam, and Mars Hand Lens Imager instruments. We discovered many diagenetic features in Glen Torridon, including dark-toned iron- and manganese-rich veins, magnesium- and fluorine-rich linear features, Ca-sulfate cemented bedrock, manganese-rich nodules, and iron-rich strata. We have characterized the chemistry and morphology of these features, which are most widespread in the higher stratigraphic members in Glen Torridon, and exhibit a wide range of chemistries. These discoveries are strong evidence for multiple generations of fluids from multiple chemical endmembers that likely underwent redox reactions to form some of these features. In a few cases, we may be able to use mineralogy and chemistry to constrain formation conditions of the diagenetic features. For example, the dark-toned veins likely formed in warmer, highly alkaline, and highly reducing conditions, while manganese-rich nodules likely formed in oxidizing and circumneutral conditions. We also hypothesize that an initial enrichment of soluble elements, including fluorine, occurred during hydrothermal alteration early in Gale crater history to account for elemental enrichment in nodules and veins. The presence of redox-active elements, including Fe and Mn, and elements required for life, including P and S, in these fluids is strong evidence for habitability of Gale crater groundwater. Hydrothermal alteration also has interesting implications for prebiotic chemistry during the earliest stages of the crater’s evolution and early Mars.
Agriculture is a key element of Afghanistan’s economy and plays an essential role supporting the expanding population and urban development of Kabul, the country’s capital. Over the past decades the urban landscape has changed substantially and agricultural land use has shifted in its extent, location, and density. Identifying trends in the amount of agricultural area, as an indication of food production, is important for city planning and humanitarian efforts. While many studies have investigated Afghanistan's agriculture, most are conducted at scales that preclude their use for local-scale decision-making. This study quantifies agricultural extent across 32 years from 1988 to 2020 at local scale using simple and repeatable Landsat multispectral image analysis. The volume of data in time-series analysis complicatesvisualization of key findings and long-term trends. This study also explored visualization methods such as zonal mapping, animations, and the isolation of key themes in a 2D static map.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/17445647.2022.2063079","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, J.D., Boston, K.M., Alessi, M.A., and Chirico, P.G., 2022, Quantifying and visualizing 32 years of agricultural land use change in Kabul, Afghanistan: Journal of Maps, v. 18, no. 2, p. 352-361, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2022.2063079.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"352","endPage":"361","ipdsId":"IP-113897","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448066,"rank":3,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2022.2063079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435869,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9WKTUBI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Urban and developed areas indicated by classification of Landsat 2018 multispectral imagery"},{"id":435868,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IC4QFW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Agricultural area by year between 1988 and 2000 in Kabul, Afghanistan"},{"id":405389,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Afghanistan","city":"Kabul","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 69,\n 34.347971491244955\n ],\n [\n 69.43771362304686,\n 34.347971491244955\n ],\n [\n 69.43771362304686,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n 69,\n 34.75\n ],\n [\n 69,\n 34.347971491244955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Jessica D. 0000-0002-8281-8134 jdewitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-8134","contributorId":5804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Jessica","email":"jdewitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boston, Kathleen M 0000-0003-1301-9651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-9651","contributorId":264351,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boston","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":54446,"text":"Aperture Federal, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":849405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alessi, Marissa Ann 0000-0002-1251-3108","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-3108","contributorId":244628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alessi","given":"Marissa","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chirico, Peter G. 0000-0001-8375-5342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-5342","contributorId":63838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":849407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230675,"text":"70230675 - 2022 - The applicability of time-integrated unit stream power for estimating bridge pier scour using noncontact methods in a gravel-bed river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-21T14:11:22.868251","indexId":"70230675","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-20T09:05:13","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The applicability of time-integrated unit stream power for estimating bridge pier scour using noncontact methods in a gravel-bed river","docAbstract":"In near-field remote sensing, noncontact methods (radars) that measure stage and surface water velocity have the potential to supplement traditional bridge scour monitoring tools because they are safer to access and are less likely to be damaged compared with in-stream sensors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of radars for monitoring the hydraulic conditions that contribute to bridge–pier scour in gravel-bed channels. Measurements collected with a radar were also leveraged along with minimal field measurements to evaluate whether time-integrated stream power per unit area (Ω) was correlated with observed scour depth at a scour-critical bridge in Colorado. The results of this study showed that (1) there was close agreement between radar-based and U.S. Geological Survey streamgage-based measurements of stage and discharge, indicating that radars may be viable tools for monitoring flow conditions that lead to bridge pier scour; (2) Ω and pier scour depth were correlated, indicating that radar-derived Ω measurements may be used to estimate scour depth in real time and predict scour depth based on the measured trajectory of Ω. The approach presented in this study is intended to supplement, rather than replace, existing high-fidelity scour monitoring techniques and provide data quickly in information-poor areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs14091978","usgsCitation":"Hempel, L.A., Malenda, H.F., Fulton, J.W., Henneberg, M.F., Cederberg, J., and Moramarco, T., 2022, The applicability of time-integrated unit stream power for estimating bridge pier scour using noncontact methods in a gravel-bed river: Remote Sensing, v. 14, no. 9, 1978, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14091978.","productDescription":"1978, 31 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123910","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14091978","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.52638244628906,\n 38.966082600437986\n ],\n [\n -108.4134292602539,\n 38.966082600437986\n ],\n [\n -108.4134292602539,\n 39.055984163572404\n ],\n [\n -108.52638244628906,\n 39.055984163572404\n ],\n [\n -108.52638244628906,\n 38.966082600437986\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hempel, Laura A. 0000-0001-5020-6056","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5020-6056","contributorId":224286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hempel","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malenda, Helen F. 0000-0003-4143-6460","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4143-6460","contributorId":211885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malenda","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":38341,"text":"Colorodo School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":841125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fulton, John W, 0000-0002-5335-0720","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":213630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","middleInitial":"W,","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henneberg, Mark F. 0000-0002-6991-1211 mfhenneb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6991-1211","contributorId":187481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henneberg","given":"Mark","email":"mfhenneb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cederberg, Jay 0000-0001-6649-7353","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6649-7353","contributorId":219724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cederberg","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moramarco, Tommaso 0000-0002-9870-1694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-1694","contributorId":225686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moramarco","given":"Tommaso","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41180,"text":"IRPI-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70231336,"text":"70231336 - 2022 - Evaluating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to bats in the context of wildlife research, rehabilitation, and control","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T14:17:08.974597","indexId":"70231336","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-20T08:49:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to bats in the context of wildlife research, rehabilitation, and control","docAbstract":"Preventing wildlife disease outbreaks is a priority for natural resource agencies, and management decisions can be urgent, especially in epidemic circumstances. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, wildlife agencies were concerned whether the activities they authorize might increase the risk of viral transmission from humans to North American bats, but had a limited amount of time in which to make decisions. We describe how decision analysis provides a powerful framework to analyze and reanalyze complex natural resource management problems as knowledge evolves. Coupled with expert judgment and avenues for the rapid release of information, risk assessment can provide timely scientific information for evolving decisions. In April 2020, the first rapid risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to North American bats. Based on the best available information and relying heavily on expert judgment, the risk assessment found a small possibility of transmission during summer work activities. Following that assessment, additional knowledge and data emerged, such as bat viral challenge studies, that further elucidated the risks of human-to-bat transmission and culminated in a second risk assessment in the fall of 2020. We updated the first SARS-CoV-2 risk assessment with new management alternatives and new estimates of little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) susceptibility, using findings from the fall 2020 assessment and other empirical studies. We found that new knowledge led to an 88% decrease in the median number of bats estimated to be infected per 1,000 encountered when compared to earlier results. The use of facemasks during, or a negative COVID-19 test or vaccination prior to, bat encounters further reduced those risks. Using a combination of decision analysis, expert judgment, rapid risk assessment, and efficient modes of information distribution, we provided timely science-based support to decision makers for summer bat work in North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1262","usgsCitation":"Cook, J.D., Campbell Grant, E.H., Coleman, J., Sleeman, J.M., and Runge, M.C., 2022, Evaluating the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to bats in the context of wildlife research, rehabilitation, and control: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 46, no. 3, e1262, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1262.","productDescription":"e1262, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129889","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9111074","text":"External Repository"},{"id":400278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Jonathan D. 0000-0001-7000-8727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-8727","contributorId":291411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Jonathan","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, Jeremy T. H.","contributorId":291412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Jeremy T. H.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sleeman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-9910-6125 jsleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-6125","contributorId":128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeman","given":"Jonathan","email":"jsleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":82110,"text":"Midcontinent Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Runge, Michael C. 0000-0002-8081-536X mrunge@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-536X","contributorId":3358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runge","given":"Michael","email":"mrunge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70235789,"text":"70235789 - 2022 - Restoration for resilience: The role of plant-microbial interactions and seed provenance in ecological restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-19T12:17:59.311091","indexId":"70235789","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-20T07:16:07","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Restoration for resilience: The role of plant-microbial interactions and seed provenance in ecological restoration","docAbstract":"With global efforts to restore grassland ecosystems, researchers and land management practitioners are working to reconstruct habitat that will persist and withstand stresses associated with climate change. Part of these efforts involve movement of plant material potentially adapted to future climate conditions from native habitat or seed production locations to a new restoration site. Restoration practice often follows this plant-centered, top-down approach. However, we suggest that restoration of belowground interactions, namely between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia, is important for restoring resilient grasslands. In this synthesis we highlight these interactions and offer insight into how their restoration might be included in current grassland restoration practice. Ultimately, restoration of belowground interactions may contribute to grassland habitat that can withstand and respond to future climate uncertainties.
For young fishes, growth of somatic tissues and energy reserves are critical steps for survival and progressing to subsequent life stages. When thermal regimes become supraoptimal, routine metabolic rates increase and leave less energy for young fish to maintain fitness-based activities and, in the case of anadromous fishes, less energy to prepare for emigration to coastal habitats. Thus, understanding how energy allocation strategies are affected by thermal regimes in young anadromous fish will help to inform climate-ready management of vulnerable species and their habitat. Blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) are an anadromous fish species that remain at historically low population levels and are undergoing southern edge-range contraction, possibly due to climate change. We examined the effects of temperature (21°C, 24°C, 27°C, 30°C, 33°C) on survival, growth rate and energy reserves of juveniles collected from the mid-geographic range of the species. We identified a strong negative relationship between temperature and growth rate, resulting in smaller juveniles at high temperatures. We observed reduced survival at both 21°C and 33°C, increased fat and lean mass-at-length at high temperatures, but no difference in energy density. Juveniles were both smaller and contained greater scaled energy reserves at higher temperatures, indicating growth in length is more sensitive to temperature than growth of energy reserves. Currently, mid-geographic range juvenile blueback herring populations may be well suited for local thermal regimes, but continued warming could decrease survival and growth rates. Blueback herring populations may benefit from mitigation actions that maximize juvenile energy resources by increasing the availability of cold refugia and food-rich habitats, as well as reducing other stressors such as hypoxic zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/conphys/coac022","usgsCitation":"Guo, L., Jordaan, A., Schultz, E., and McCormick, S.D., 2022, Identification of supraoptimal temperatures in juvenile blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) using survival, growth rate and scaled energy reserves: Conservation Physiology, v. 10, no. 1, coac022, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac022.","productDescription":"coac022, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-132832","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coac022","text":"External Repository"},{"id":409259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Lian","contributorId":298952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Lian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":298953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, Eric T.","contributorId":298956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Eric T.","affiliations":[{"id":64738,"text":"University of CT, Storrs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":856771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":856772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230750,"text":"70230750 - 2022 - Integrated hydrologic model development and postprocessing for GSFLOW using pyGSFLOW","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-25T11:18:23.466448","indexId":"70230750","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-20T06:17:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5929,"text":"Journal of Open Source Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated hydrologic model development and postprocessing for GSFLOW using pyGSFLOW","docAbstract":"pyGSFLOW is a python package designed to create new GSFLOW integrated hydrologic models, read existing models, edit model input data, run GSFLOW models, process output, and visualize model data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Journal of Open Source Software","doi":"10.21105/joss.03852","usgsCitation":"Larsen, J., Alzraiee, A.H., and Niswonger, R.G., 2022, Integrated hydrologic model development and postprocessing for GSFLOW using pyGSFLOW: Journal of Open Source Software, v. 7, no. 7, 3852, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03852.","productDescription":"3852, 5 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128406","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03852","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NPZ5AD","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"pyGSFLOW v1.0.0"},{"id":399570,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larsen, Joshua 0000-0002-1218-800X jlarsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-800X","contributorId":272403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Joshua","email":"jlarsen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alzraiee, Ayman H. 0000-0001-7576-3449","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-3449","contributorId":272120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alzraiee","given":"Ayman","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Niswonger, Richard G. 0000-0001-6397-2403 rniswon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6397-2403","contributorId":197892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niswonger","given":"Richard","email":"rniswon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70256705,"text":"70256705 - 2022 - Population viability analysis for a pond-breeding amphibian under future drought scenarios in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-08-07T23:50:55.332539","indexId":"70256705","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-19T18:49:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3871,"text":"Global Ecology and Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population viability analysis for a pond-breeding amphibian under future drought scenarios in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"Climate change effects are contributing to widespread declines of amphibians, and pond-breeding species may be particularly sensitive to future drought conditions that restrict wetland hydroperiods and decrease opportunities for successful breeding and recruitment. Pond-breeding amphibian populations can compensate for periodic droughts via episodic booms in recruitment, but studies predict that increased future drought conditions will negatively impact long-term persistence for several species. The southeastern United States is a global hotspot of amphibian biodiversity where future trends in drought conditions are uncertain. This study applied a population viability analysis (PVA) framework for an at-risk amphibian, the gopher frog (Lithobates [Rana] capito), to (i) explore population sensitivity to the frequency of droughts that restrict reproductive events, relative to changes in other demographic rates, and (ii) forecast future population viability over 30 years, given plausible scenarios varying in the frequency and duration of droughts adapted from recent historical patterns in the southeastern United States. Population persistence was highly sensitive to frequency of reproductive success. Persistence was fairly insensitive to all demographic parameters when reproductive success was ≥ 0.7 (i.e., ≤ 3 drought years per decade, on average), but sensitivity to survival of terrestrial stages (juvenile, adults) and initial abundance increased as reproductive success decreased. Persistence probabilities were relatively high (0.63–0.99) across a range of plausible future drought scenarios, with higher persistence probabilities (> 0.89) for all scenarios where drought years did not increase from recent historical conditions. Our results indicate gopher frog populations are likely resilient to periodic droughts that occur in 4 or fewer years per decade, but extirpation of some populations is possible if recent drought patterns repeat or increase during the next 30 years. Estimates of future risk to gopher frog populations can inform forthcoming status assessments and designation decisions of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. More broadly, PVAs incorporating drought dynamics can identify climate thresholds that at-risk, pond-breeding amphibian populations can tolerate, which can inform management actions (e.g., maintaining a range of hydroperiods across proximate wetlands) that provide sufficient frequent breeding opportunities for long-term persistence even under drought conditions.
A variety of seabird species migrate annually from wintering grounds in the Southern Hemisphere to the Gulf of Maine, USA to breed and raise their young. Post-migration, adult seabirds depend on the spatio-temporal match of reliable food resources to replenish energy reserves before breeding. However, the conditions during this critical window of time are becoming increasingly uncertain given the magnitude and pace at which climate change is impacting the Gulf of Maine region. We investigated the pre-breeding foraging ecology of Arctic Terns (Sterna paradisaea), Common Terns (S. hirundo), and the federally endangered Roseate Tern (S. dougallii) by analyzing stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes in eggshell tissues collected from seven islands in the Gulf of Maine from 2016 to 2018. Results show at the interspecific level, adult foraging patterns are consistent with expectations based on chick diets. At interisland and interannual scales, variation in isotopic values and niche breadths suggest foraging habits are highly localized. Although uncertainty remains, interannual trends also suggest warmer ocean conditions are either affecting tern foraging behaviors and/or prey resource availability during the late spring and early summer. Overall, results provide new information on adult tern foraging ecology in an important breeding area experiencing rapid environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Resilience Alliance","doi":"10.5751/ACE-02112-170119","usgsCitation":"Bratton, R.M., Legett, H., Shannon, P., Yakola, K., Gerson, A.R., and Staudinger, M., 2022, Pre-breeding foraging ecology of three tern species nesting in the Gulf of Maine: Avian Conservation and Ecology, v. 17, no. 1, 19, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-02112-170119.","productDescription":"19, 26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119475","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5751/ace-02112-170119","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399086,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United STates","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Egg Rock, Gulf of Maine, Jenny Island, Matinicus Rock, Outer Green Island, Pond Island National Wildlife Refuge, Seal Island National Wildlife Refuge, Stratton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.75244140625,\n 43.88279966767226\n ],\n [\n -68.75003814697266,\n 43.88224289571433\n ],\n [\n -68.74832153320312,\n 43.883294571711055\n ],\n [\n -68.7466049194336,\n 43.88180984726073\n ],\n [\n -68.74076843261719,\n 43.88224289571433\n ],\n [\n -68.73939514160156,\n 43.88595461048075\n ],\n [\n -68.73724937438965,\n 43.88694436202739\n ],\n [\n -68.73510360717773,\n 43.88651134774929\n ],\n [\n -68.73055458068848,\n 43.889109386201554\n ],\n [\n -68.73046875,\n 43.89473808076548\n ],\n [\n -68.73587608337402,\n 43.893810310586225\n ],\n [\n -68.7348461151123,\n 43.89053207352502\n ],\n [\n -68.73819351196289,\n 43.889727950083014\n ],\n [\n -68.74351501464844,\n 43.88787223916659\n ],\n [\n -68.74428749084473,\n 43.88614019014842\n ],\n [\n -68.74643325805664,\n 43.88576903023492\n ],\n [\n -68.74883651733398,\n 43.88700622095302\n ],\n [\n -68.75252723693848,\n 43.88564530974984\n ],\n [\n -68.75244140625,\n 43.88279966767226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.91054153442383,\n 43.84839376489157\n ],\n [\n -68.88050079345703,\n 43.84331783272248\n ],\n [\n -68.85835647583008,\n 43.86151490472453\n ],\n [\n -68.86848449707031,\n 43.889109386201554\n ],\n [\n -68.90556335449219,\n 43.87116823921815\n ],\n [\n -68.90367507934569,\n 43.85990586365545\n ],\n [\n -68.91054153442383,\n 43.84839376489157\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.38428401947021,\n 43.86010699616386\n ],\n [\n -69.38291072845459,\n 43.85908585486841\n ],\n [\n -69.38110828399658,\n 43.85905491091979\n ],\n [\n -69.38104391098022,\n 43.86071038961808\n ],\n [\n -69.38065767288208,\n 43.861870744481884\n ],\n [\n -69.3812370300293,\n 43.86250506226012\n ],\n [\n -69.38207387924194,\n 43.86272165702893\n ],\n [\n -69.38318967819214,\n 43.86219563979679\n ],\n [\n -69.38428401947021,\n 43.86010699616386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.7711443901062,\n 43.73770873793105\n ],\n [\n -69.77005004882812,\n 43.73811182580213\n ],\n [\n -69.76947069168091,\n 43.738545917397815\n ],\n [\n -69.76955652236938,\n 43.740158230057396\n ],\n [\n -69.77020025253296,\n 43.741739494531735\n ],\n [\n -69.77065086364746,\n 43.74178600167815\n ],\n [\n -69.77168083190918,\n 43.740359766087074\n ],\n [\n -69.77213144302368,\n 43.739677641402764\n ],\n [\n -69.7720456123352,\n 43.73842189154873\n ],\n [\n -69.7711443901062,\n 43.73770873793105\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.90905284881592,\n 43.76404327496102\n ],\n [\n -69.90840911865234,\n 43.76420598916265\n ],\n [\n -69.90822672843933,\n 43.76484134514037\n ],\n [\n -69.90788340568542,\n 43.76537596872279\n ],\n [\n -69.90826964378357,\n 43.76611978488916\n ],\n [\n -69.90855932235718,\n 43.76611978488916\n ],\n [\n -69.90898847579956,\n 43.76559291606005\n ],\n [\n -69.9091386795044,\n 43.76498856080642\n ],\n [\n -69.90935325622559,\n 43.76465538799173\n ],\n [\n -69.90905284881592,\n 43.76404327496102\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.5436098575592,\n 43.90466045188921\n ],\n [\n -70.5431967973709,\n 43.905240204286265\n ],\n [\n -70.54267108440399,\n 43.904695237192264\n ],\n [\n -70.54218828678131,\n 43.90479959297942\n ],\n [\n -70.54154455661774,\n 43.906422881668426\n ],\n [\n -70.54174840450287,\n 43.9068673458517\n ],\n [\n -70.54248869419098,\n 43.90705286035522\n ],\n [\n -70.54287493228911,\n 43.90694077874515\n ],\n [\n -70.54299294948578,\n 43.90672820959467\n ],\n [\n -70.5436635017395,\n 43.90684415649813\n ],\n [\n -70.5438083410263,\n 43.906747534094265\n ],\n [\n -70.5438780784607,\n 43.90636877275864\n ],\n [\n -70.5438083410263,\n 43.90608276770414\n ],\n [\n -70.5442053079605,\n 43.90594749456454\n ],\n [\n -70.54439842700958,\n 43.90539093898463\n ],\n [\n -70.5442053079605,\n 43.904768672765265\n ],\n [\n -70.5436098575592,\n 43.90466045188921\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.31057953834534,\n 43.50320381852466\n ],\n [\n -70.31044006347656,\n 43.50322716454936\n ],\n [\n -70.31080484390257,\n 43.504231035070276\n ],\n [\n -70.31013965606688,\n 43.50423881694708\n ],\n [\n -70.30978560447693,\n 43.5055305945945\n ],\n [\n -70.30847668647766,\n 43.50566288351607\n ],\n [\n -70.30800461769103,\n 43.50584186218381\n ],\n [\n -70.30800461769103,\n 43.50604418525619\n ],\n [\n -70.30692100524902,\n 43.50608309346159\n ],\n [\n -70.30731797218323,\n 43.507063571958874\n ],\n [\n -70.311598777771,\n 43.50688459691349\n ],\n [\n -70.31202793121338,\n 43.507156950032794\n ],\n [\n -70.31291842460632,\n 43.506962412215806\n ],\n [\n -70.31307935714722,\n 43.506402139799974\n ],\n [\n -70.31379818916321,\n 43.50586520718831\n ],\n [\n -70.31378746032715,\n 43.505289361108794\n ],\n [\n -70.31324028968811,\n 43.50465903680563\n ],\n [\n -70.31393766403198,\n 43.50462790950902\n ],\n [\n -70.31376600265502,\n 43.50396645066157\n ],\n [\n -70.31285405158997,\n 43.50357735383631\n ],\n [\n -70.31057953834534,\n 43.50320381852466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bratton, Rachel M.","contributorId":290393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bratton","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Legett, Henry","contributorId":257708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legett","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shannon, Paula","contributorId":290395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shannon","given":"Paula","affiliations":[{"id":62414,"text":"National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yakola, Keenan","contributorId":215162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yakola","given":"Keenan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gerson, Alexander R.","contributorId":290397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerson","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70232538,"text":"70232538 - 2022 - Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T14:39:16.142662","indexId":"70232538","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-19T09:20:57","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought","title":"Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought","docAbstract":"Prolonged drought due to climate change has negatively impacted amphibians in southern California, U.S.A. Due to the severity and length of the current drought, agencies and researchers had growing concern for the persistence of the arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus), an endangered endemic amphibian in this region. Range-wide surveys for this species had not been conducted for at least 20 years. In 2017–2020, we conducted collaborative surveys for arroyo toads at historical locations. We surveyed 88 of the 115 total sites having historical records and confirmed that the arroyo toad is currently extant in at least 61 of 88 sites and 20 of 25 historically occupied watersheds. We did not detect toads at almost a third of the surveyed sites but did detect toads at 18 of 19 specific sites delineated in the 1999 Recovery Plan to meet one of four downlisting criteria. Arroyo toads are estimated to live 7–8 years, making populations susceptible to prolonged drought. Drought is estimated to increase in frequency and duration with climate change. Mitigation strategies for drought impacts, invasive aquatic species, altered flow regimes, and other anthropogenic effects could be the most beneficial strategies for toad conservation and may also provide simultaneous benefits to several other native species that share the same habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.8796","usgsCitation":"Hitchcock, C.J., Gallegos, E., Backlin, A.R., Barabe, R., Bloom, P., Boss, K., Brehme, C.S., Brown, C., Clark, D., Clark, E.R., Cooper, K., Donnell, J., Ervin, E., Famolaro, P., Guilliam, K.M., Hancock, J., Hess, N., Howard, S., Hubbartt, V., Lieske, P., Lovich, R.E., Matsuda, T., Meyer-Wilkins, K., Muri, K., Nerhus, B., Nordland, J.A., Ortega, B., Packard, R., Ramirez, R., Stewart, S.C., Sweet, S., Warburton, M.L., Wells, J., Winkleman, R., Winter, K., Zitt, B., and Fisher, R., 2022, Range-wide persistence of the endangered arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus) for 20+ years following a prolonged drought: Ecology and Evolution, v. 12, no. 4, e8796, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8796.","productDescription":"e8796, 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-137785","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448085,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8796","text":"External Repository"},{"id":403064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.97600151317588\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.615126683462194\n ],\n [\n -120.47607421874999,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -117.26806640625,\n 32.47269502206151\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 32.565333160841035\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 33.87041555094183\n ],\n [\n -119.86083984375,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 36.686041276581925\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitchcock, Cynthia Joan 0000-0001-9293-043X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-043X","contributorId":225261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitchcock","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"Joan","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallegos, Elizabeth 0000-0002-8402-2631 egallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-2631","contributorId":1528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Elizabeth","email":"egallegos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barabe, Russell","contributorId":292808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barabe","given":"Russell","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bloom, Peter H.","contributorId":289557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloom","given":"Peter H.","affiliations":[{"id":38830,"text":"Bloom Research Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boss, Kimberly","contributorId":292811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boss","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brehme, Cheryl S. 0000-0001-8904-3354 cbrehme@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-3354","contributorId":3419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brehme","given":"Cheryl","email":"cbrehme@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Christopher W. 0000-0002-2545-9171","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-9171","contributorId":240860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Clark, Denise 0000-0002-9688-2946 drclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-2946","contributorId":213957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Denise","email":"drclark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, Elizabeth R.","contributorId":292814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":63024,"text":"U.S. Army Garrison Fort Hunter Liggett","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Cooper, Kevin","contributorId":292815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Kevin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Donnell, Julie","contributorId":292816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnell","given":"Julie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ervin, Edward L","contributorId":274852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ervin","given":"Edward L","affiliations":[{"id":56676,"text":"Merkel & Associates, Inc., San Diego, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Famolaro, Peter","contributorId":292817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Famolaro","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63027,"text":"Sweetwater Authority, Chula Vista, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Guilliam, Kim M.","contributorId":292818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guilliam","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":63024,"text":"U.S. Army Garrison Fort Hunter Liggett","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Hancock, Jaquelyn","contributorId":292819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"Jaquelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63024,"text":"U.S. Army Garrison Fort Hunter Liggett","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Hess, Nicholas","contributorId":292820,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hess","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63028,"text":"Glendale, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Howard, Steven","contributorId":292821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63029,"text":"R2 Resource Consultants, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Hubbartt, Valerie","contributorId":292822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbartt","given":"Valerie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Lieske, Patrick","contributorId":292823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lieske","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Lovich, Robert E.","contributorId":211275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovich","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38214,"text":"Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southwest, 1220 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA 92132, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Matsuda, Tritia 0000-0001-9271-7671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9271-7671","contributorId":213956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuda","given":"Tritia","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Meyer-Wilkins, Katherin","contributorId":292824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyer-Wilkins","given":"Katherin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63030,"text":"Bellevue, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Muri, Kamarul","contributorId":292825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muri","given":"Kamarul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63031,"text":"Dudek Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Nerhus, Barry","contributorId":292826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nerhus","given":"Barry","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63032,"text":"Endemic Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Nordland, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":189423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordland","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Ortega, Brock","contributorId":292828,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortega","given":"Brock","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63031,"text":"Dudek Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Packard, Robert","contributorId":292829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Packard","given":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":63034,"text":"Western Riverside County MSHCP Biological Monitoring Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Ramirez, Ruben","contributorId":292830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramirez","given":"Ruben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63035,"text":"Cadre Environmental","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Stewart, Sam C.","contributorId":292831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":63036,"text":"Southwest Aquatic & Terrestrial Biology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Sweet, Samuel","contributorId":237904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16936,"text":"University of California Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31},{"text":"Warburton, Manna L.","contributorId":174875,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warburton","given":"Manna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":32},{"text":"Wells, Jeffrey","contributorId":292832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wells","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7134,"text":"USFS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":33},{"text":"Winkleman, Ryan","contributorId":292833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winkleman","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":63037,"text":"Sana Ana, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":34},{"text":"Winter, Kirsten","contributorId":194473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Kirsten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":35},{"text":"Zitt, Brian","contributorId":190890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zitt","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":36},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":51675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":37}]}} ,{"id":70230621,"text":"70230621 - 2022 - Sensitivity of headwater streamflow to thawing permafrost and vegetation change in a warming Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T14:22:31.666182","indexId":"70230621","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-19T09:12:33","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of headwater streamflow to thawing permafrost and vegetation change in a warming Arctic","docAbstract":"Climate change has the potential to impact headwater streams in the Arctic by thawing permafrost and subsequently altering hydrologic regimes and vegetation distribution, physiognomy and productivity. Permafrost thaw and increased subsurface flow have been inferred from the chemistry of large rivers, but there is limited empirical evidence of the impacts to headwater streams. Here we demonstrate how changing vegetation cover and soil thaw may alter headwater catchment hydrology using water budgets, stream discharge trends, and chemistry across a gradient of ground temperature in northwestern Alaska. Colder, tundra-dominated catchments shed precipitation through stream discharge, whereas in warmer catchments with greater forest extent, evapotranspiration and infiltration are substantial fluxes. Forest soils thaw earlier, remain thawed longer, and display seasonal water content declines, consistent with greater evapotranspiration and infiltration. Streambed infiltration and water chemistry indicate that even minor warming can lead to increased infiltration and subsurface flow. Additional warming, permafrost loss, and vegetation shifts in the Arctic will deliver water back to the atmosphere and to subsurface aquifers in many regions, with the potential to substantially reduce discharge in headwater streams, if not compensated by increasing precipitation. Decreasing discharge in headwater streamflow will have important implications for aquatic and riparian ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2d","usgsCitation":"Koch, J.C., Sjoberg, Y., O’Donnell, J.A., Carey, M.P., Sullivan, P., and Terskaia, A., 2022, Sensitivity of headwater streamflow to thawing permafrost and vegetation change in a warming Arctic: Environmental Research Letters, v. 17, no. 4, 044074, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2d.","productDescription":"044074, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128694","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2d","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":491321,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EIX8ET","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River Basins, Northwest Alaska, 2015-2017"},{"id":399083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Agashashok River, Akillik River, Brooks Range, Cutler River, Kobuk Valley National Park, Noatak National Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.23486328125,\n 66.60067571342496\n ],\n [\n -158.302001953125,\n 66.60067571342496\n ],\n [\n -158.302001953125,\n 68.06509825098962\n ],\n [\n -163.23486328125,\n 68.06509825098962\n ],\n [\n -163.23486328125,\n 66.60067571342496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Joshua C. 0000-0001-7180-6982 jkoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-6982","contributorId":202532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Joshua","email":"jkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sjoberg, Ylva 0000-0002-4292-5808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-5808","contributorId":194635,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sjoberg","given":"Ylva","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Donnell, Jonathan A. 0000-0001-7031-9808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-9808","contributorId":191423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carey, Michael P. 0000-0002-3327-8995 mcarey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-8995","contributorId":5397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"Michael","email":"mcarey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullivan, Pamela","contributorId":190446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Pamela","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":840929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Terskaia, A.","contributorId":290400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Terskaia","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62417,"text":"Lomonosov Moscow State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70242812,"text":"70242812 - 2022 - Improving the Development Pipelines for USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Real-Time and Scenario Products","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-19T11:58:50.843572","indexId":"70242812","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-19T06:57:59","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Improving the Development Pipelines for USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Real-Time and Scenario Products","docAbstract":"The real-time and scenario products of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program, such as the ComCat catalog, Did You Feel It?, ShakeMap, ShakeCast, and PAGER, are highly visible and used by a wide variety of stakeholders. We propose two significant enhancements to the development pipelines for the Earthquake Hazards Program real-time and scenario products that have far-reaching benefits. First, we propose incorporating processed and archived ground-motion records into the data streams for real-time products. This increases reproducibility and transparency for ShakeMap and downstream products that serve critical functions in earthquake response and long-term research. It will also provide comprehensive, open access databases of ground-motion metrics (for example, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and acceleration response spectra) and ground-motion time histories that are fundamental tools in most engineering seismology studies. Second, we propose extending the pipeline for scenario products to provide a full set of complementary products to the real-time pipeline. This would define a comprehensive set of standards for archiving scenarios, including three-dimensional ground-motion simulations, and allow the suite of scenario products to be disseminated in the same way as real-time products. Ultimately, these enhancements would increase the value of some of the most important Earthquake Hazards Program products and transform the way USGS scientists and the engineering seismology community conduct ground-motion research.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"12th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2022","conferenceLocation":"Salt Lake City, Utah","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Aagaard, B.T., Wald, D.J., Thompson, E.M., Hearne, M., and Schleicher, L.S., 2022, Improving the Development Pipelines for USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Real-Time and Scenario Products, in Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 27-July 1, 2022.","ipdsId":"IP-134896","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415983,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.eeri.org/what-we-offer/digital-library/?lid=12753"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aagaard, Brad T. 0000-0002-8795-9833 baagaard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-9833","contributorId":192869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aagaard","given":"Brad","email":"baagaard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":869850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Eric M. 0000-0002-6943-4806 emthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6943-4806","contributorId":150897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Eric","email":"emthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hearne, Mike 0000-0002-8225-2396 mhearne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8225-2396","contributorId":4659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearne","given":"Mike","email":"mhearne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schleicher, Lisa Sue 0000-0001-6528-1753","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-1753","contributorId":264892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"Sue","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":869854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70242816,"text":"70242816 - 2022 - The economic effects of the HayWired Scenario using the association of Bay Area governments regional growth forecast—A focus on network disruption and resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-28T16:53:30.588929","indexId":"70242816","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-19T06:51:31","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The economic effects of the HayWired Scenario using the association of Bay Area governments regional growth forecast—A focus on network disruption and resilience","docAbstract":"This paper describes how impacts to infrastructure networks within the San Francisco Bay Area may exacerbate the effects of building damage and how policies addressing these networks can improve resilience before and after the earthquake. The analysis uses existing modeling techniques that underlie the Association of Bay Area Government’s (ABAG) 2015 regional economic forecast of the San Francisco Bay region, California to estimate how a moment magnitude (MW) 7.0 earthquake scenario along the Hayward Fault, HayWired, would change the trajectory of that forecast. The ABAG forecast released in January 2015 is built on the framework of a Regional Economic Models, Inc. (REMI) model for the San Francisco Bay region and projects growth in the bay area through 2040. Using the simulation tools in the REMI model, the analysis applies the direct output losses flowing from building damages from the HayWired scenario (estimated using the FEMA Hazus model) to ABAG’s economic and demographic 2015 regional forecast. Also the analysis estimates direct, indirect, and induced effects on gross regional product (GRP), employment and population, and also highlights the effects of the physical infrastructure damage to roads, bridges, and rail to the region’s economy. Communications infrastructure, if resilient or restored, can help counteract the losses generated by building and transportation network damage. The REMI model results show that in the first year, employment would drop by almost half a million jobs, whereas GRP would decline by 8 percent. The two counties near the epicenter of the earthquake would have greater losses, of 15 percent in jobs and 13 percent in GRP. Counties with less physical damage may still have economic slowdowns due to transportation disruption. Much of the economy could recover within a few years, but a full return to the projected trajectory could take more than five years for the region and closer to a decade for the most severely affected counties. Recovery and rebuilding investments will be crucial to repairing the economic base of the region and returning it to its projected growth trajectory. State and local policies, as well as business and personal preparedness and employer flexibility in allowing remote work can reduce the length and severity of effects. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses using the model identify some critical factors that would lead to different levels of change. For example, a shortage of construction workers could result in a deeper, longer recession as rebuilding is postponed. Should major technology employers decide to relocate substantial portions of operations or expand outside of the region, the recovery period from the earthquake induced recession could stretch to six or seven years and the region’s trajectory could be permanently damped relative to the ABAG 2015 forecast for 2040.
Extreme rainfall events in the humid-tropical Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico export the bulk of suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon. Using 25 years of river carbon and suspended sediment data, which targeted hurricanes and other large rainstorms, we estimated biogenic particulate organic carbon yields of 65 ± 16 tC km−2 yr−1 for the Icacos and 17.7 ± 5.1 tC km−2 yr−1 for the Mameyes rivers. These granitic and volcaniclastic catchments function as substantial atmospheric carbon-dioxide sinks, largely through export of river biogenic particulate organic carbon during extreme rainstorms. Compared to other regions, these high biogenic particulate organic carbon yields are accompanied by lower suspended sediment yields. Accordingly, particulate organic carbon export from these catchments is underpredicted by previous yield relationships, which are derived mainly from catchments with easily erodible sedimentary rocks. Therefore, rivers that drain petrogenic-carbon-poor bedrock require separate accounting to estimate their contributions to the geological carbon cycle.
Genetic analysis of non-invasively obtained samples is an increasingly affordable option for many wildlife studies, but it has remained difficult to obtain high-quality samples from many species. We modified 8” Belisle foot snares (Belisle Enterprises, Quebec, Canada) to non-invasively obtain mountain lion (Puma concolor) hair samples in unbaited trail sets. We deployed 22 hair traps, monitored by remote cameras, at 66 locations for 1618 active trap nights (x̄= 24.5 nights, SD = 7.2 nights). Photos indicated 20 instances of mountain lions passing within 2 m of a hair trap and we collected 7 mountain lion hair samples, which averaged >20 hairs/sample. All samples contained hair with visible roots and were identifiable to species; 6 of the 7 (85.7%) yielded sufficient DNA for individual identification. We attributed failure to obtain samples to 3 primary causes: individual trap saturation (2 instances), trap failure (2 instances), and non-trigger events (9 instances). Black bears (Ursus americanus) and heavy rains were the primary sources of disturbance to hair trap sets, contributing to individual trap saturation and trap failure. We speculate that low trigger rates were associated with pan tension having been set too high in the first month of the study, as well as disturbance of hair traps or leading foot placements by nontarget species. We discuss strategies to increase hair sample collection rates, including seasonal use of hair traps, more selective placement on the landscape, and altering physical attributes of the hair traps. Taking these strategies and the quality of hair samples collected into account, we believe hair traps are a viable tool for noninvasively collecting genetic material for individual identification of mountain lions and other elusive species. These data can be applied to studies of habitat connectivity, breeding success and relatedness, population density, metapopulation structure, or any others in which a bank of individual genotypes are useful.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.1257","usgsCitation":"Rossettie, T., Perry, T., and Cain, J.W., 2022, Noninvasive sampling of mountain lion hair using modified foothold traps: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 46, no. 1, e1257, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1257.","productDescription":"e1257, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119182","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sierra County","otherGeospatial":"Black Range Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.48798824240478,\n 33.36187929179046\n ],\n [\n -108.48798824240478,\n 32.91656124812863\n ],\n [\n -107.58956320668692,\n 32.91656124812863\n ],\n [\n -107.58956320668692,\n 33.36187929179046\n ],\n [\n -108.48798824240478,\n 33.36187929179046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossettie, Tricia S.","contributorId":355783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossettie","given":"Tricia S.","affiliations":[{"id":27575,"text":"NMSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, Travis W.","contributorId":355784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"Travis W.","affiliations":[{"id":84836,"text":"fu","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":938153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":938151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230602,"text":"ofr20211030K - 2022 - System characterization report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70230602,"text":"ofr20211030K - 2022 - System characterization report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)","indexId":"ofr20211030K","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)","title":"System characterization report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T10:54:07.62676","indexId":"ofr20211030K","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-18T15:29:12","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1030","chapter":"K","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)","title":"System characterization report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA)","docAbstract":"This report addresses system characterization of the Italian Space Agency’s PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (band to band and image to image), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that PRISMA has a band-to-band geometric performance in the range of −0.046 to 0.040 pixel; an image-to-image geometric performance (relative to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager) in the range of −60.791 meters (m; −2.03 pixels) to 299.541 m (9.98 pixels); a radiometric performance in the range of −0.037 to −0.001 in offset and 1.026 to 1.274 in slope; and a spatial performance with a relative edge response in the range of 0.56 to 0.63, full width at half maximum in the range of 1.84 to 1.97 pixels, and a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.054 to 0.096. Regarding fairly large geometric accuracy, the following explanation is provided to help the reader. The geometric accuracy required for PRISMA is a 200-m circular error at 90 percent (CE90) without ground control points (GCPs), a 15-m CE90 using GCPs is documented in the PRISMA mission overview (Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, 2021). The PRISMA images used for the current system characterization were georeferenced without using any GCPs; thus, the 200-m geometric accuracy requirement is applied. Beginning in 2022, a worldwide GCP database will be used in the PRISMA product processing chain, which will improve georeferencing accuracy to meet the 15-m CE90 requirement.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030K","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Park, S., Anderson, C., and Stensaas, G.L., 2022, System characterization report on PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA), chap. K of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030K.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129829","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398958,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398959,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/ofr20211030k.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030-K"},{"id":398960,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/ofr20211030k.XML"},{"id":398961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/k/images"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The Willamette River is home to at least 69 species of fish, 33 of which are native, including Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These fish need suitable hydraulic conditions, such as water depth and velocity, to fulfill various stages of their life. Hydraulic conditions are driven by interactions between channel morphology and streamflow, which throughout the Willamette River are strongly influenced by the operation of flood-control dams in upstream tributaries. To assess how streamflow management at these dams affects downstream fish habitat, the U.S. Geological Survey has developed high-resolution bathymetric datasets to support the development of two-dimensional hydraulic models. The datasets were created by combining data collected by airborne topo-bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging with boat-based sonar to create a seamless modeling surface over which a computational mesh with a resolution of roughly 5 by 5 meters was overlaid using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydraulic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System 5.0.7 hydraulic modeling software. Models were developed for about 200 river kilometers, separated into five modeling reaches, and hydraulic conditions were simulated at flows ranging from extremely low values to annual peak flows. Results of the simulations highlight distinct patterns of inundation extents, water depths, and velocities that vary longitudinally along the Willamette River. In the two farthest upstream model reaches, from Eugene to Corvallis, the river is slower, shallower, and inundates more area at similar seasonal flows than in reaches downstream from Corvallis, where the river generally is deeper and faster. These findings align with previous geomorphic analysis of the Willamette River showing the upper reaches of the river to be geomorphically more dynamic compared to the largely single-thread channel farther downstream. Results of simulations made with these hydraulic models can be used to drive fish-habitat models to further inform flow-management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225025","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"White, J.S., and Wallick, J.R., 2022, Development of continuous bathymetry and two-dimensional hydraulic models for the Willamette River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5025, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225025.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-112990","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":435874,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9NB0KUT","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Two-dimensional HEC-RAS models and topo-bathymetric datasets for the Willamette River, Oregon"},{"id":435873,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92TTY4R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Single-beam Echosounder Bathymetry of the Willamette River, Oregon 2015-2018"},{"id":398795,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5025/images"},{"id":398794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5025/sir20225025.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5025"},{"id":398793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5025/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398796,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5025/sir20225025.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 43.94537239244209\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 45.521743896993634\n ],\n [\n -123.59619140625001,\n 43.94537239244209\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
The management of the quantity and timing of freshwater flow into and through the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) is a perennial source of controversy in California. It is well known that freshwater outflow is a major environmental driver in estuarine ecosystems, including the SFE. However, the estuary is also the hub of California’s water distribution system, which supplies water to over 25 million Californians and a multibillion-dollar agricultural industry. This tension between water supply and maintaining flows to maintain environmental quality is at the core of the controversy.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEP technical report #98: White papers providing a synthesis of knowledge relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing effects of flow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., 2022, Introduction to the Delta Smelt flow alteration white papers, chap. of IEP technical report #98: White papers providing a synthesis of knowledge relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing effects of flow, p. 5-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"9","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=200748","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98094279060476,\n 38.310018990096125\n ],\n [\n -122.98094279060476,\n 37.38439884189815\n ],\n [\n -121.79974134416376,\n 37.38439884189815\n ],\n [\n -121.79974134416376,\n 38.310018990096125\n ],\n [\n -122.98094279060476,\n 38.310018990096125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":871370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70230753,"text":"70230753 - 2022 - Dynamic abiotic habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-02T16:11:26.398534","indexId":"70230753","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-18T10:45:47","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Dynamic abiotic habitat","docAbstract":"The factors affecting an organism can be divided into two general classes, abiotic and biotic. Abiotic factors include features of the physical and chemical environment, such as climate, water movement, and many aspects of water quality. Biotic factors refer to those involving living organisms and their interactions, such as the organisms and processes in a food web. We also distinguish between dynamic and stationary abiotic factors. Stationary abiotic factors are fixed in the environment and include things like landscape features (e.g., bays, channels, and surface elevations) that change relatively slowly over time. Dynamic abiotic factors vary over time and space at various scales ranging from sub-daily (e.g., tidal direction and velocity) to annually (e.g., total water inflow and outflow).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"IEP technical report #98: White papers providing a synthesis of knowledge relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing effects of flow","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Brown, L.R., Slater, S.B., and MacWilliams, M.L., 2022, Dynamic abiotic habitat, chap. of IEP technical report #98: White papers providing a synthesis of knowledge relating to Delta Smelt biology in the San Francisco Estuary, emphasizing effects of flow, p. 10-54.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"10","endPage":"54","ipdsId":"IP-135366","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":416623,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=200748","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98094279060476,\n 38.310018990096125\n ],\n [\n -122.98094279060476,\n 37.38439884189815\n ],\n [\n -121.79974134416376,\n 37.38439884189815\n ],\n [\n -121.79974134416376,\n 38.310018990096125\n ],\n [\n -122.98094279060476,\n 38.310018990096125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":269405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":55970,"text":"USGS CAWSC (not in system - posthumous)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slater, Steven B.","contributorId":178380,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slater","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacWilliams, Michael L.","contributorId":173010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacWilliams","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27140,"text":"Delta Modeling Associates, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70230515,"text":"sir20225037 - 2022 - Conceptual models of groundwater flow in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-19T10:51:47.459506","indexId":"sir20225037","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-18T10:34:30","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-5037","displayTitle":"Conceptual models of groundwater flow in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona","title":"Conceptual models of groundwater flow in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona","docAbstract":"The conceptual models of groundwater flow outlined herein synthesize what is known and hypothesized about the groundwater-flow systems that discharge to the Grand Canyon of Arizona. These models interpret the hydrogeologic characteristics and hydrologic dynamics of the physical systems into a framework for understanding key aspects of the physical systems as they relate to groundwater flow and contaminant transport. This report describes five individual groundwater-flow systems draining to the Grand Canyon: Kaibab, Uinkaret-Kanab, Marble-Shinumo, Cataract, and Blue Spring. These systems are present in the saturated parts of the lower Paleozoic carbonate section exposed on the walls of the Grand Canyon; specifically, the Mississippian Redwall Limestone down through the Cambrian Muav Limestone of Tonto Group. Together, the systems described in this report compose the regional groundwater-flow system. Local to subregional flow systems in the sedimentary units of the overlying Permian section could provide transport pathways from the land surface to the regional flow system. Despite the potential importance of the local systems, the focus of this report is on the systems present in the lower Paleozoic section because all major springs in the Grand Canyon discharge from those units.
The most important hydrogeologic characteristics include system boundaries imposed by major tectonic structures, and the degree to which karstification influences the magnitude and direction of flow in each system. Important hydrologic dynamics include locations and rates of potential groundwater recharge, vertical pathways to the regional aquifer, and the locations, magnitude, geochemical signature, and hydrostratigraphic setting of groundwater discharge from springs. Unknown properties or conditions that represent the greatest uncertainties in our current understanding of the regional groundwater-flow system are identified for additional consideration.
Groundwater data are sparse owing to geographic remoteness and extreme depth to water throughout much of the study area. This paucity of information was diminished with the development of a structural contour map of the top and bottom surfaces of the regional aquifer, and a Soil-Water-Balance model that produces spatial distributions of rates of potential recharge. Investigation of the five groundwater-flow systems reveals important, though mostly qualitative, characteristics controlling the rates and directions of groundwater flow. Karstification has produced dissolution-enhanced conduit flow pathways to various degrees in each of the systems. Parts of each system exhibit relative structural uplift or downdropping of the hydrostratigraphic units of the regional aquifer, with some uplifted sections dipping inward toward the Grand Canyon and others dipping outward. The Kaibab groundwater system is archetypical of an uplifted, inward-dipping karst system, whereas the Blue Spring groundwater system and most of the Cataract groundwater system are representative instances of a downdropped or basin karst system. The Uinkaret-Kanab groundwater-flow system is structurally similar to the basin karst systems but karstification has not progressed to nearly the same degree. The Marble-Shinumo groundwater system does not fall cleanly into either category and its boundaries are the most uncertain of all the groundwater systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225037","usgsCitation":"Knight, J.E., and Huntoon, P.W., 2022, Conceptual models of groundwater flow in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigation Report 2022–5037, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225037.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 51 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-097904","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5037/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":398739,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5037/sir20225037.pdf","text":"Report","size":"24 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FQ7BSY","text":"Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential mean annual recharge in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona","description":"Knight, J.E., and Jones, C.J., 2022, Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) model archive used to simulate potential mean annual recharge in the Grand Canyon region, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FQ7BSY."}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 34.79576153473033\n ],\n [\n -110.58837890625,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -113.64257812499999,\n 34.79576153473033\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) present an emerging threat to human and ecosystem health in the Alaskan Arctic. Two HAB toxins are of concern in the region: saxitoxins (STXs), a family of compounds produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, and domoic acid (DA), produced by multiple species in the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. These potent neurotoxins cause paralytic and amnesic shellfish poisoning, respectively, in humans, and can accumulate in marine organisms through food web transfer, causing illness and mortality among a suite of wildlife species. With pronounced warming in the Arctic, along with enhanced transport of cells from southern waters, there is significant potential for more frequent and larger HABs of both types. STXs and DA have been detected in the tissues of a range of marine organisms in the region, many of which are important food resources for local residents. The unique nature of the Alaskan Arctic, including difficult logistical access, lack of response infrastructure, and reliance of coastal populations on the noncommercial acquisition of marine resources for nutritional, cultural, and economic well-being, poses urgent and significant challenges as this region warms and the potential for impacts from HABs expands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2022.121","usgsCitation":"Anderson, D., Fachon, E., Hubbard, K., Lefebvre, K., Lin, P., Pickart, R., Richlen, M., Sheffield, G., and Van Hemert, C.R., 2022, Harmful algal blooms in the Alaskan Arctic: An emerging threat as oceans warm: Oceanography, v. 35, no. 2, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.121.","productDescription":"27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-136279","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2022.121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Donald","contributorId":189872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fachon, Evangeline","contributorId":292636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fachon","given":"Evangeline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hubbard, Katherine","contributorId":292637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":36335,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lefebvre, Kathi","contributorId":257892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"Kathi","affiliations":[{"id":52164,"text":"Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lin, Peigen","contributorId":292640,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Peigen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pickart, Robert","contributorId":292641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pickart","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Richlen, Mindy","contributorId":292643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richlen","given":"Mindy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sheffield, Gay","contributorId":257533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheffield","given":"Gay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52049,"text":"Alaska Sea Grant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ]}