No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96338","usgsCitation":"Aichele, S., and Wood, C.R., 1996, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in East Brandywine, Upper Uwchlan and Uwchlan townships and parts of Caln, East Caln, and West Whiteland townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through June 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-338, 1 Plate: 35.62 × 27.61 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96338.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.62 × 27.61 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":60161,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0338/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388817,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18614.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.8170,\n 40.1190\n ],\n [\n -75.6140,\n 40.1190\n ],\n [\n -75.6140,\n 39.9890\n ],\n [\n -75.8170,\n 39.9890\n ],\n [\n -75.8170,\n 40.1190\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db68732d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, C. R.","contributorId":100386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24819,"text":"ofr96216 - 1996 - Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of pesticides in water by Carbopak-B solid-phase extraction and high-preformance liquid chromatography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:17:57.327503","indexId":"ofr96216","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-216","title":"Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of pesticides in water by Carbopak-B solid-phase extraction and high-preformance liquid chromatography","docAbstract":"In accordance with the needs of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA), the U.S. Geological Survey has developed and implemented a graphitized carbon-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic analytical method. The method is used to determine 41 pesticides and pesticide metabolites that are not readily amenable to gas chromatography or other high-temperature analytical techniques. Pesticides are extracted from filtered environmental water samples using a 0.5-gram graphitized carbon-based solid-phase cartridge, eluted from the cartridge into two analytical fractions, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. The upper concentration limit is 1.6 micrograms per liter (=B5g/L) for most compounds. Single-operator method detection limits in organic-free water samples ranged from 0.006 to 0.032 =B5g/L= Recoveries in organic-free water samples ranged from 37 to 88 percent. Recoveries in ground- and surface-water samples ranged from 29 to 94 percent. An optional on-site extraction procedure allows for samples to be collected and processed at remote sites where it is difficult to ship samples to the laboratory within the recommended pre-extraction holding time of 7 days.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96216","usgsCitation":"Werner, S.L., Burkhardt, M.R., and DeRusseau, S.N., 1996, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of pesticides in water by Carbopak-B solid-phase extraction and high-preformance liquid chromatography: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-216, vi, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96216.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1841,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/pubs/OFR96-216/OFR96-216.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4fe4b07f02db6288b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":192620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeRusseau, Sabrina N.","contributorId":90773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeRusseau","given":"Sabrina","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31992,"text":"ofr95665 - 1996 - Geologic map and cross sections of the Leonardtown 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Maryland and Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-29T19:35:18.252273","indexId":"ofr95665","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-665","title":"Geologic map and cross sections of the Leonardtown 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Maryland and Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95665","usgsCitation":"McCartan, L., Newell, W., Owens, J., and Bradford, G.M., 1996, Geologic map and cross sections of the Leonardtown 30 x 60-minute quadrangle, Maryland and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-665, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95665.","productDescription":"37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":397796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19356.htm"},{"id":60140,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0665/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0665/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Leonardtown 30 x 60-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -76,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCartan, Lucy","contributorId":87960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCartan","given":"Lucy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newell, Wayne L.","contributorId":48538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Wayne L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owens, James P.","contributorId":9691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"James P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, Gary M.","contributorId":21529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":30415,"text":"wri954182 - 1996 - Results of ground-water tracer tests using tritiated water at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-25T08:29:59","indexId":"wri954182","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4182","title":"Results of ground-water tracer tests using tritiated water at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Ground-water tracer tests were conducted at two sites in the radioactive-waste disposal area of Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 1977 to 1982. The purpose of the tests was to determine if the regolith beds had weathered sufficiently to permit the substantial flow of water across them. Regolith of the sites has developed on the Pumpkin Valley Shale and the Nolichucky Shale of the Conasauga Group, both of Cambrian age. About 50 curies of tritium dissolved in water were used as the tracer at one site, and about 100 curies at the other. Distances from the injection wells to a semi-circle of observation wells were 12 and 30 feet, respectively. Results demonstrated that ground water is able to flow through joints in the weathered bedding and that the direction of the water-table gradient is the primary factor governing flow direction. Nevertheless, the substantial lateral spread of the plume as it developed showed that bedding-plane openings, important in controlling flow in the deeper rock, can still exert a significant secondary influence on flow direction in the weathered rock.
About 3,500 water samples from the injection and observation wells were analyzed for tritium during the test period. Concentrations detected spanned 11 orders of magnitude. Measurable concentrations were still present in the two injection wells and most observation wells 5 years after the tracer was introduced.
Matrix diffusion may have played a significant role in these tests. The process would account for the sustained concentrations of tritium at many of the observation wells, the long-term residual concentrations at the injection and observation wells, and the apparent slow movement of the centers of mass across the two well fields. The process also would have implications regarding aquifer remediation. Other tracer tests have been conducted in the regolith of the Conasauga Group. Results differ from the results described in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Webster, D., 1996, Results of ground-water tracer tests using tritiated water at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4182, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954182.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59184,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.35113906860349,\n 35.89600337891628\n ],\n [\n -84.34083938598631,\n 35.88265250444723\n ],\n [\n -84.26530838012695,\n 35.92659064126237\n ],\n [\n -84.2922592163086,\n 35.956888171215326\n ],\n [\n -84.36590194702147,\n 35.915886444570525\n ],\n [\n -84.35113906860349,\n 35.89600337891628\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6059be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webster, D.A.","contributorId":44532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webster","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24244,"text":"ofr96426 - 1996 - Drilling and construction data for well 3-3407-37, Kiikii exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:12","indexId":"ofr96426","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-426","title":"Drilling and construction data for well 3-3407-37, Kiikii exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The Kiikii exploratory well (State well number 3-3407-37) was drilled about 1.4 miles southwest of the town of Haleiwa and 4,000 feet west- southwest of Weed Circle. The well is on agricultural land in the Waialua ground-water area. The well penetrates through sedimentary deposits (caprock) and into the underlying basalt aquifer. Well-construction data, logs of drilling notes, and geologic descriptions for the samples are presented for the well. The well is one of 12 exploratory wells drilled in the north-central Oahu area between July, 1993 and May, 1994 in cooperation with the Honolulu Board of Water Supply.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96426","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Presley, T., and Oki, D., 1996, Drilling and construction data for well 3-3407-37, Kiikii exploratory well, Oahu, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-426, iii, 8 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96426.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0426/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0426/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6355bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presley, T.K.","contributorId":61858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presley","given":"T.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oki, D.S.","contributorId":75184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oki","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24452,"text":"ofr95709 - 1996 - Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water years 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr95709","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-709","title":"Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water years 1993-94","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nInformation Services, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95709","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Savard, C., 1996, Selected hydrologic data from Fortymile Wash in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, water years 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-709, iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95709.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0709/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0709/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8a3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savard, C.S.","contributorId":48194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savard","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22952,"text":"ofr96529 - 1996 - Assessment of deep conventional and continuous-type (unconventional) natural gas plays in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:55","indexId":"ofr96529","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-529","title":"Assessment of deep conventional and continuous-type (unconventional) natural gas plays in the United States","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96529","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Dyman, T.S., Schmoker, J., and Root, D.H., 1996, Assessment of deep conventional and continuous-type (unconventional) natural gas plays in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-529, 30 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96529.","productDescription":"30 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154217,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0529/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52347,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0529/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6727d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Root, D. H.","contributorId":74019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22258,"text":"ofr96511 - 1996 - Water leachability of elements from the low-temperature ash of bituminous coal samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:58","indexId":"ofr96511","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-511","title":"Water leachability of elements from the low-temperature ash of bituminous coal samples","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96511","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Krasnow, M., Finkelman, R.B., Palmer, C., and d’Angelo, W.M., 1996, Water leachability of elements from the low-temperature ash of bituminous coal samples: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-511, 21 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96511.","productDescription":"21 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0511/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0511/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krasnow, M.R.","contributorId":25952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasnow","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palmer, C.A.","contributorId":81894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22815,"text":"ofr96296 - 1996 - Probabilistic methodology for GRASS; Gas Resource Assessment Spreadsheet System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:07","indexId":"ofr96296","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-296","title":"Probabilistic methodology for GRASS; Gas Resource Assessment Spreadsheet System","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96296","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R., and Balay, R., 1996, Probabilistic methodology for GRASS; Gas Resource Assessment Spreadsheet System: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-296, 20 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96296.","productDescription":"20 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0296/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52245,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, R.H.","contributorId":44177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24175,"text":"ofr95736 - 1996 - Geohydrology and potential for upward movement of saline water in the Cocoa well field, East Orange County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr95736","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-736","title":"Geohydrology and potential for upward movement of saline water in the Cocoa well field, East Orange County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system, an approximately 2,000-foot thick sequence of Eocene-age limestone and dolomite, is the main source of water supply in central Florida. Hydraulic conductivity is different in strata of different lithology and is the basis for separating the aquifer system into the Upper Floridan aquifer, a middle semi- confining unit, and the Lower Floridan aquifer. The coastal city of Cocoa withdraws about 26 million gallons of water per day from the Upper Floridan aquifer from a well field in east Orange County, about 25 miles inland. About 60 million gallons per day are withdrawn from the Upper Floridan aquifer and 56 million gallons per day from the Lower Floridan aquifer in the Orlando area, about 15 miles west of the Cocoa well field. Wells drilled in the Cocoa well field from 1955-61 yielded water with chloride concentrations ranging from 25-55 milligrams per liter. Soon after the wells were put in service, chloride concentrations increased; therefore, new wells were drilled further inland. Chloride concen- trations in water from many of the new wells also have increased. Possible sources of saline water are lateral movement of relict seawater in the Upper Floridan aquifer from the east, regional upconing of saline water from the Lower Floridan aquifer or underlying older rocks, or localized upward movement of saline water through fractures. Several test wells were drilled to provide information about chloride concentration changes with depth and to monitor changes with time, including a multi-zone well drilled in 1965 (well C) and two wells drilled in the 1990's (wells R and S). Chloride concentrations have increased in the zone pumped by the supply wells (the upper 500 feet of the aquifer) and in the 1,351-1,357-foot deep zone of well C, but not in the two intervening zones. This indicates that the source of saline water is located laterally, rather than vertically, from the pumped zone in the area of well C. The potential for upward movement of saline water depends on the direction of the vertical hydraulic gradient and on the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. A series of aquifer tests was run in 1993-94 and existing water-level and water-quality data were analyzed to evaluate the potential for upward movement of saline water in the well field. The transmissivity of the upper 500 feet of the aquifer is about 100,000 feet squared per day (the horizontal hydraulic conductivity is about 200 feet per day) and the storage coefficient is about 2x10 -4. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities determined from slug tests of the three deepest zones of well C ranged from 20-50 feet per day. Vertical hydraulic conductivities probably do not exceed 0.05 feet per day. The vertical hydraulic gradient is determined by comparing water levels in the various zones, but because of density differences, unadjusted water levels in the deepest zone investigated cannot be directly compared to water levels in the overlying freshwater zones. The difference between environmental-water heads (adjusted for density differences) in the saline-water zone of well C and the overlying freshwater zone were calculated from measured water levels for the period 1966 to 1994. During most of this time period, the gradient was downward, indicating that saline water did not move upward. Upconing of saline water probably is not taking place in the center and western part of the well field, based on the low vertical hydraulic conductivity values estimated for the middle semi-confining unit, the generally downward vertical hydraulic gradient, and the constant chloride concentrations in the intermediate zones of well C. However, there is no information about the extent of the zone of low vertical hydraulic conductivity gradient in the eastern part of the well field. Thus, increased chloride concentrations in supply wells in the eastern part of the well field could be caused either by lateral movement of saline water from the east, or by upwar","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95736","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G.G., and Schiffer, D., 1996, Geohydrology and potential for upward movement of saline water in the Cocoa well field, East Orange County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-736, vi, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95736.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1579,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr95736/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schiffer, D. M.","contributorId":102103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":32011,"text":"ofr96395 - 1996 - Mean annual runoff, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in the glaciated northeastern United States, 1951-80","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T22:18:38.477433","indexId":"ofr96395","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-395","title":"Mean annual runoff, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in the glaciated northeastern United States, 1951-80","docAbstract":"Two maps, compiled at 1:1 million scale, depict mean annual runoff, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in the part of the United States east of Cleveland, Ohio and north of the southern limit of glaciation. The maps are mutually consistent in that runoff equals precipitation minus evapotranspiration everywhere. The runoff map is based on records of streamflow from 503 watersheds in the United States and southernmost Canada, adjusted to/1951-80 and supplemented by records of precipitation at 483 stations. Precipitation at each station was partitioned into point estimates of runoff and evapotranspiration, which were constrained such that the evapotranspiration estimates varied smoothly across the region and decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, and the runoff estimates were consistent with measured runoff from nearby watersheds. A point estimate of runoff was allowed to equal mean runoff in a nearby watershed, or to be somewhat higher (or lower) if a compensating departure from mean watershed runoff could be inferred in distant parts of the watershed on the basis of altitude or regional trends. Then,precipitation contours were drawn to parallel runoff contours but differ from them by the magnitude of nearby estimates of evapotranspiration. These maps may slightly underrepresent mean precipitation and evapotranspiration in areas of high relief, because most precipitation stations in such areas are in valleys. Map accuracy is evaluated.
\nThe maps and text are designed to be printed as 34x53 inch plates; they may not be legible if printed in their entirety at appreciably smaller scales. The Arc/Info coverages from which these maps were prepared are available at the Water Resources National Spatial Data Infrastructure Node: ofr96395_eva, ofr96395_pre, and ofr96395_run (evapotranspiration, precipitation, and runoff).
\nDescriptors: *Annual Runoff, *Areal precipitation, *Runoff, *Evapotranspiration Precipitation, Rainfall, New York, New England, Northeast
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96395","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1996, Mean annual runoff, precipitation, and evapotranspiration in the glaciated northeastern United States, 1951-80: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-395, 2 Plates: 39.72 x 26.18 inches and 39.56 x 26.28 inches; Additional Report Pieces: HTML Documents, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96395.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 39.72 x 26.18 inches and 39.56 x 26.28 inches; Additional Report Pieces: HTML Documents","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326210,"rank":5,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ofr96395_pre.xml","text":"Mean Annual Precipitation","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":326209,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96395_eva","text":"Mean Annual Evapotranspiration","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":323471,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0395/ofr19960395_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2 - Mean Annual Precipitation and Evapotranspiration","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":411094,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18620.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":326211,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?ofr96395_run","text":"Mean Annual Runoff","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"},{"id":323470,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0395/ofr19960395_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1 - Mean Annual Runoff","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1996-395"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.88704344844734,\n 44.72451380650341\n ],\n [\n -67.769625005774,\n 45.847535577581226\n ],\n [\n -67.95151824526359,\n 47.33891192541063\n ],\n [\n -69.27284446740163,\n 47.38896849977937\n ],\n [\n -70.54129238353978,\n 45.42854076380854\n ],\n [\n -72.16519815840661,\n 45.003283268342074\n ],\n [\n -74.87769692747639,\n 45.01043758351153\n ],\n [\n -76.916240562106,\n 43.60414605003166\n ],\n [\n -78.98857966521695,\n 43.52967522940537\n ],\n [\n -79.00692556125968,\n 42.73326672870621\n ],\n [\n -82.8035108127643,\n 41.46464262280543\n ],\n [\n -82.01096874023264,\n 39.28459674336264\n ],\n [\n -73.21349772715276,\n 39.142401735418645\n ],\n [\n -69.45647664633981,\n 41.17397797707059\n ],\n [\n -66.85870393647696,\n 44.59984971585524\n ],\n [\n -66.83946989103018,\n 44.752544097895395\n ],\n [\n -66.88704344844734,\n 44.72451380650341\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5602
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
This report is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes since 1977 and compation since 1973 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers i the Houston-Galveston region, Texas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96163","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M., Coplin, L., and Santos, H.X., 1996, Water-level altitudes 1996, water-level changes 1977-96 and 1995-96, and compaction 1973-95 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-163, 8 Plates: 21.49 × 15.75 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96163.","productDescription":"8 Plates: 21.49 × 15.75 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96163.PNG"},{"id":60152,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60151,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60150,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60149,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60148,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60147,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60146,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60145,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0163/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":404958,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18588.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, Houston-Galveston region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.151,\n 29.0680\n ],\n [\n -94.364,\n 29.0680\n ],\n [\n -94.364,\n 30.232\n ],\n [\n -96.151,\n 30.232\n ],\n [\n -96.151,\n 29.0680\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edb3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, M. C.","contributorId":91532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"M. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplin, L.S.","contributorId":49366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplin","given":"L.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santos, H. X.","contributorId":69611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":32005,"text":"ofr96336 - 1996 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 1994 through November 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T21:40:46.62252","indexId":"ofr96336","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-336","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 1994 through November 1995","docAbstract":"A map showing ground-water levels in crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, was constructed from water levels measured in wells from June 1994 through November 1995. Pre-1994 measurements were incorporated on the map to provide control in areas where more recent data were not available. Because little ground-water development has occurred in the areas where pre-1994 water levels were used, levels are assumed to be the same in 1994 and 1995 as they were when the measurement was made.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96336","usgsCitation":"Wood, C.R., Wettstein, W.C., Aichele, S., Joyce, J., and Schneider, F.M., 1996, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Birmingham, Newlin, Pennsbury, and Pocopson Townships and parts of East Marlborough and Kennett Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, June 1994 through November 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-336, 1 Plate: 35.44 × 27.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96336.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 35.44 × 27.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science 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Charles R.","contributorId":30259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wettstein, William C.","contributorId":58687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wettstein","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aichele, Stephen S. 0000-0002-3397-7921 saichele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-7921","contributorId":194508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aichele","given":"Stephen S.","email":"saichele@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":430,"text":"National Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Joyce, James","contributorId":72426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyce","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, Frank M.","contributorId":67133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":32008,"text":"ofr96340 - 1996 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Sadsbury, West Caln, and West Sadsbury townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through August 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T12:26:51","indexId":"ofr96340","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-340","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Sadsbury, West Caln, and West Sadsbury townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through August 1994","docAbstract":"A map showing ground-water levels in crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Sadsbury, West Caln, and West Sadsbury Townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, was constructed from water levels measured in wells from April 1993 through August 1994. Pre-1993 measurements were incorporated on the map to provide control in areas where more recent data were not available. Because little ground-water development has occurred in the areas where pre-1993 water levels were used, levels are assumed to be the same in 1993 and 1994 as they were when the measurement was made.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lemoyne, PA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96340","usgsCitation":"Wettstein, W.C., and Wood, C.R., 1996, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks in Sadsbury, West Caln, and West Sadsbury townships, Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 1993 through August 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-340, 1 map: 35.24 x 26.92 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96340.","productDescription":"1 map: 35.24 x 26.92 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":60163,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0340/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","otherGeospatial":"Sadsbury Township, West Caln Township, West Sadsbury Township","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.98333333333333,39.93333333333333 ], [ -75.98333333333333,40.06666666666667 ], [ -75.8175,40.06666666666667 ], [ -75.8175,39.93333333333333 ], [ -75.98333333333333,39.93333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adde4b07f02db686b6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wettstein, William C.","contributorId":58687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wettstein","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Charles R.","contributorId":30259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24878,"text":"ofr96269 - 1996 - Alaska resource data file: Adak quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T14:22:47.365815","indexId":"ofr96269","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-269","title":"Alaska resource data file: Adak quadrangle","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96269","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., and Light, T., 1996, Alaska resource data file: Adak quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-269, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96269.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53869,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0269/ofr96269.pdf","text":"Report","size":"353 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 96-269 PDF"},{"id":1871,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","text":"Alaska Resource Data File","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403944,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37185.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":157648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0269/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Adak quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -178,\n 51.2830\n ],\n [\n -176,\n 51.2830\n ],\n [\n -176,\n 52.267\n ],\n [\n -178,\n 52.267\n ],\n [\n -178,\n 51.2830\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Light, T.D.","contributorId":66249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Light","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24910,"text":"ofr96475 - 1996 - Ground-water data for 1990-91 and ground-water withdrawals for 1951-91, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr96475","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-475","title":"Ground-water data for 1990-91 and ground-water withdrawals for 1951-91, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96475","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wood, D., and Reiner, S.R., 1996, Ground-water data for 1990-91 and ground-water withdrawals for 1951-91, Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-475, iv, 78 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96475.","productDescription":"iv, 78 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0475/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53886,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0475/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53887,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0475/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, D.B.","contributorId":87971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiner, S. R.","contributorId":9299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiner","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24702,"text":"ofr96438 - 1996 - Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through June 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"ofr96438","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-438","title":"Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through June 1996","docAbstract":"This report describes the status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia. Data presented are from January 1994 through June 1996, with a focus on data from April through June 1996 (second quarter of 1996). A complete database of ground-water withdrawals and chloride-concentration records since 1985 is maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey. Cumulative rainfall for April through June 1996 was 22.64 inches, which is 12 percent more than the mean cumulative rainfall of 20.21 inches for April through June. The period April through June is part of the annual dry season. Ground-water withdrawal during April through June 1996 averaged 1,048,000 gallons per day. Withdrawal for the same 3 months in 1995 averaged 833,700 gallons per day. Withdrawal patterns during the second quarter of 1996 did not change significantly since 1991, with the Cantonment and Air Operations areas supplying about 99 percent of total islandwide pumpage. At the end of June 1996, the chloride concentration of water from the elevated tanks at Cantonment and Air Operations were 52 and 80 milligrams per liter, respectively. The chloride data from all five production areas showed no significant upward or downward trends throughout the second quarter of 1996. Potable levels of chloride concentrations have been maintained by adjusting individual pumping rates, and also because of the absence of long-term droughts. Chloride concentration of ground water in monitoring wells at Cantonment and Air Operations also showed no significant trends throughout the second quarter of 1996. Chloride concentrations have been about the same since the last quarter of 1995. A fuel-pipeline leak at Air Operations in May 1991 decreased total islandwide withdrawals by 15 percent. This lost pumping capacity is being offset by increased pumpage at Cantonment. Six wells do not contribute to the water supply because they are being used to hydraulically divert fuel migration away from water-supply wells by a program of ground-water withdrawal and injection.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96438","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Torikai, J., 1996, Status of ground-water resources at U.S. Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia; summary of hydrologic and climatic data, January 1994 through June 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-438, v, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96438.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0438/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0438/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d7e4b07f02db5deb32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torikai, J.D.","contributorId":93926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torikai","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24911,"text":"ofr96434 - 1996 - Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T15:53:05","indexId":"ofr96434","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-434","title":"Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992","docAbstract":"il-heat-flux data were collected at a study site adjacent to a low-level radioactive-waste burial facility near Beatty, Nevada, for calendar year 1992. Data were collected in support of ongoing studies to estimate the potential for downward movement of radionuclides into the unsaturated sediments beneath waste-burial trenches at the arid facility. Data collected for the whole year include air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure, incident solar radiation, windspeed, wind direction, barometric pressure, and precipitation. Net radiation, soil temperature, and soil-heat flux data also were collected for part of the year. The data are summarized in tables and graphs.
Instrumentation used at the site is discussed. The discussion includes the type, reported accuracy, and the mounting height of each sensor.
During 1992, the hourly and 20-minute mean air temperatures ranged from -8.6 degrees Celsius, in January, to 42.3 degrees Celsius, in July. Hourly and 20-minute mean relative humidity ranged from 2 percent to 100 percent. Hourly and 20-minute mean vapor pressures ranged from 0.07 to 2.47 kilopascals. Daily maximum incident solar radiation values ranged from 115 to 1,021 watts per square meter. Daily maximum net radiation values ranged from 195 to 632 watts per square meter. Daily mean windspeed ranged from 0.6 to 8.1 meters per second. Wind direction was primarily from the northwest in fall, winter, and spring and was from the southeast, southwest, or northwest during the summer. Barometric pressures ranged from 100.16 kilopascals to 103.38 kilopascals. Total precipitation for 1992 was 165.3 millimeters, with more than 50 percent in February and March. Daily mean soil temperatures at a depth from 2 to 6 centimeters ranged from 10.7 to 39.1 degrees Celsius between June and October. Daily mean soil-heat flux at a dep*h of 8 centimeters ranged from -13.4 to 12.2 watts per square meter during the same period.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","doi":"10.3133/ofr96434","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wood, J.L., 1996, Selected meteorological and micrometeorological data for an arid site near Beatty, Nye County, Nevada, calendar year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-434, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96434.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53888,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0434/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157882,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0434/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a03e4b07f02db5f8430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, James L.","contributorId":10059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68677,"text":"ha738B - 1996 - Ground-water levels in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:23:37","indexId":"ha738B","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"738","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water levels in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho","docAbstract":"The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (RASA) program is a series of studies by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to analyze regional ground-water systems that compose a major portion of the Nation's water supply (Sun, 1986). The Northern Rocky Mountains Intermontane Basins is one of the study regions in this national program. The main objectives of the RASA studies are to (1) describe the groundwater systems as they exist today, (2) analyze the known changes that have led to the systems present condition, (3) combine results of previous studies in a regional analysis, where possible, and (4) provide means by which effects of future ground-water development can be estimated.
The purpose of this study, which began in 1990, was to increase understanding of the hydrogeology of the intermontane basins of the Northern Rocky Mountains area. This report is Chapter B of a three-part series and shows the general distribution of ground-water levels in basin-fill deposits in the study area. Chapter A (Tuck and others, 1996) describes the geologic history and generalized hydrogeologic units. Chapter C (Clark and Dutton, 1996) describes the quality of ground and surface waters in the study area.
Ground-water levels shown in this report were measured primarily during summer 1991 and summer 1992; however, historical water levels were used for areas where more recent data could not be obtained. The information provided allows for the evaluation of general directions of ground-water flow, identification of recharge and discharge areas, and determination of hydraulic gradients within basin-fill deposits.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94469","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D., Spengler, R.W., Moyer, T.C., and Geslin, J.K., 1996, Proposed stratigraphic nomenclature and macroscopic identification of lithostratigraphic units of the Paintbrush Group exposed at Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-469, iv, 47 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94469.","productDescription":"iv, 47 p.","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0469/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d65e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, D.C. 0000-0002-4978-5027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":117633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spengler, R. W.","contributorId":120032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moyer, T. C.","contributorId":116269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geslin, J. K.","contributorId":116041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geslin","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":510953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}