Grouse and ptarmigan (Galliformes) harbor fairly diverse helminth faunas that can impact the host's health, including filarial nematodes in the genus Splendidofilaria. As host and parasite distributions are predicted to shift in response to recent climate change, novel parasites may be introduced into a region and impose additional stressors on bird populations. Limited information is available on the prevalence of filariasis in Alaska galliforms. To date, no molecular surveys have been completed. Past studies relied on examining blood smears or total body necropsies, which are time-consuming and may not detect filarial parasites with low prevalence in hosts. Therefore, we developed a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay targeting the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI) of Splendidofilaria to decrease processing times and increase sensitivity as well as provide baseline data on the diversity of filariid infections in galliform species in Alaska. We screened a combined total of 708 galliform samples (678 unique individual birds) from different tissues (blood, muscle, and lung) for the presence of filarial DNA across the state of Alaska. Real-time PCR screening revealed an overall prevalence of filarial infection of 9.5% across species: Bonasa umbellus (0%, n = 23), Dendragapus fuliginosus (0%, n = 8), Falcipennis canadensis (26.8%, n = 198), Lagopus lagopus (2.6%, n = 274), Lagopus leucura (0%, n = 23), Lagopus muta (3%, n = 166), and Tympanuchus phasianellus (12.5%, n = 16). We observed microfilarial infections throughout most of Alaska except in Arctic regions and the Aleutian Islands where viable vectors may not be present.
Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are multidomain enzymes in microorganisms that synthesize complex, bioactive molecules. PKS II systems are iterative, containing only a single representative of each domain: ketosynthase alpha (KS
Harvest regulations are important tools that fisheries professionals use to impact fish abundance, alter population size structure, and improve fishing opportunities. Fisheries professionals often assume that specialized harvest regulations will have specific effects on target fish populations, but these predictions are not always realized because theory and practice do not always match (literature indicates that predictions are not met in about half of the cases). To identify trends that can improve the future success of harvest regulations, we reviewed a representative sample of harvest regulation evaluations for inland sport fish (i.e., 62 evaluations from 41 studies). Our review revealed gaps related to quantitative predictions, evaluation duration, statistical design, researcher–manager collaboration, and data standardization. Fisheries professionals can benefit from shared and thoughtful data collection designs and protocol standardizations. These designs can transform assessment sampling into empirical regulation evaluations that provide generality across locations and time periods with similar effort and cost.
Effective fishery management necessitates understanding of resource partitioning by fishes that inhabit complex systems composed of biotic and abiotic features. Evaluations of non-native species introductions have continually demonstrated adverse effects associated with abundance and distribution of native fishes. Therefore, understanding resource selection and interactions between native and non-native species is important for recovery efforts. Habitat use by two native fish species (largescale sucker Catostomus macrocheilus [Girard] and mountain whitefish Prosopium williamsoni [Girard]) and one non-native fish species (pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus [Linnaeus]) of the Kootenai River, Idaho, were evaluated in a laboratory stream system. Trials were conducted in allopatry and in sympatry with and without the presence of wood to describe habitat selection in the context of on-going habitat rehabilitation efforts. Interactions were evident between native largescale sucker and non-native pumpkinseed concerning use of a woody structure and current velocity. Mountain whitefish used low-velocity habitats and selected locations that were further from wood when in sympatry with pumpkinseed. Our research suggests that habitat use of native, large-river fishes may be influenced by the presence of a non-native species, and that considering such interactions is critical when designing and implementing habitat rehabilitation efforts in river ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12552","usgsCitation":"Branigan, P., Quist, M.C., Shepard, B., and Ireland, S., 2022, Resource selection and species interactions between native and non-native fishes in a simulated stream system: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 29, no. 5, p. 627-637, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12552.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"627","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-116634","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1996450","text":"External Repository"},{"id":430135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Branigan, Philip R.","contributorId":206650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Branigan","given":"Philip R.","affiliations":[{"id":37369,"text":"University of Idaho, Moscow, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quist, Michael C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":207142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":903657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley","contributorId":152364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":18917,"text":"4B.B. Shepard and Associates, Livingston, MT, 59047 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ireland, Susan","contributorId":270219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ireland","given":"Susan","affiliations":[{"id":29827,"text":"Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, Bonners Ferry, ID, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":903660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70230544,"text":"sir20225038 - 2022 - Using microbial source tracking to identify fecal contamination sources in Lake Montauk on Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T13:54:56.679894","indexId":"sir20225038","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-15T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-5038","displayTitle":"Using Microbial Source Tracking To Identify Fecal Contamination Sources in Lake Montauk on Long Island, New York","title":"Using microbial source tracking to identify fecal contamination sources in Lake Montauk on Long Island, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey worked in cooperation with the Concerned Citizens of Montauk and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation to assess the potential sources of fecal contamination entering Lake Montauk, an artificial embayment on the tip of the southern fork of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York. Water samples are routinely collected by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in the harbor and analyzed for fecal coliform bacteria, an indicator of fecal contamination, to determine the need for closure of shellfish beds for harvest and consumption. Fecal coliform and other bacteria are an indicator of the potential presence of pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria. However, indicator bacteria alone cannot determine the biological or geographical sources of contamination; therefore, microbial source tracking was implemented to determine various biological sources of contamination. In addition, information such as the location, weather and season, and surrounding land use where a sample was collected help determine the geographical source and conveyance of land-based water to the embayment.
Overall, human and waterfowl markers were infrequently and sporadically present in source and receptor samples at low concentrations. By evaluating the microbial source tracking markers alongside fecal coliform data and land-use information, geographical sources of fecal contamination discharging from various source sites, such as culverts and ponds, were better differentiated. Analysis revealed that stormwater runoff and pond drainage were the most likely transport mechanisms for fecal contamination to Lake Montauk. When considering Lake Montauk as a whole, the highest frequency of fecal coliform detections in source site samples was found to be under wet summer conditions, as evidenced by the high fecal coliform concentrations at the South Beach, Stepping Stones Pond, and Stepping Stones Pond Culvert sites (300, 220, and more than 16,000 most probable number per 100 milliliters, respectively). No point sources of fecal coliform contamination to Lake Montauk were identified; however, receptor site samples adjacent to marinas (Lake Montauk Inlet and Star Island North sites) had a high frequency of human marker detections but were associated with fecal coliform concentrations at or below the reporting limit. The absence of fecal coliform and human microbial source tracking markers in groundwater samples indicated that water from septic systems did not influence the lake during this study. Further, the sandy sediment sample collected at the South Beach site was negative for all microbial source tracking markers and is unlikely to contribute fecal coliform from the tested host organisms when resuspended in the water column through tidal shifts or boat activity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Concerned Citizens of Montauk and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Tagliaferri, T.N., Fisher, S.C., Kephart, C.M., Cheung, N., Reed, A.P., and Welk, R.J., 2022, Using microbial source tracking to identify fecal contamination sources in Lake Montauk on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5038, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225038.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Database","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-129971","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398849,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225038/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5038"},{"id":398819,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5038/sir20225038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5038"},{"id":398818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5038/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":398822,"rank":5,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the nation"},{"id":398821,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5038/images/"},{"id":398820,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5038/sir20225038.XML"},{"id":398823,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20215033","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5033","linkHelpText":"- Overview and Methodology for a Study To Identify Fecal Contamination Sources Using Microbial Source Tracking in Seven Embayments on Long Island, New York"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Lake Montauk","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.95701599121094,\n 41.03715373847282\n ],\n [\n -71.87461853027344,\n 41.03715373847282\n ],\n [\n -71.87461853027344,\n 41.084009326420926\n ],\n [\n -71.95701599121094,\n 41.084009326420926\n ],\n [\n -71.95701599121094,\n 41.03715373847282\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180-8349
A main goal of seabird colony restoration is for the colony to become self-sustaining. To do so, elevated rates must be attained in (1) reproductive success and (2) recruitment by immigrants and birds produced at the colony. Thus, an understanding of the factors affecting reproductive success and recruitment at restoration sites is vital. We examined how spatial features at the colony level affected reproductive success of Common Murres Uria aalge (hereafter, murres) over a six-year period at Devil's Slide Rock, California, a colony re-established using social attraction techniques. Clusters of sites with similar egg-laying dates, as well as high hatching and breeding success, occurred in the densest portion of the colony, which was also the last area occupied by murres at the time of extirpation and the first area to be re-colonized. Clusters of sites with low success occurred in outlying, low-density portions of the colony. Breeding success, influenced largely by high fledging success, averaged > 60% most years. Reproductive success was greatest at breeding sites with earlier egg-laying dates, those in closest proximity to the breeding sites of other murres and the Brandt's Cormorant Urile penicillatus, and those outside Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis disturbance zones. Based on our findings, for future murre restoration projects in the California Current System, we suggest (1) placing social attraction equipment in the area(s) last utilized by murres prior to extirpation, (2) attempting to establish two dense breeding groups, (3) targeting sites already utilized regularly by nesting Brandt's Cormorants, and (4) avoiding sites or habitats prone to disturbance by larger and aggressive species such as Brown Pelicans, Bald Eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus, or Common Ravens Corvus corax.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"McChesney, G.J., Yee, J.L., Parker, M.W., Perry, W.M., Carter, H.R., Golightly, R.T., and Kress, S.W., 2022, Spatial effects in relation to reproductive performance of Common Murres (Uria aalge) at a re-established colony: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 50, no. 1, p. 23-34.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"34","ipdsId":"IP-132930","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403041,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/content/get.cgi?rn=1456"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Devil's Slide Rock","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52188220620154,\n 37.57732400912232\n ],\n [\n -122.52179101109505,\n 37.577352706525126\n ],\n [\n -122.52181246876717,\n 37.57729159167251\n ],\n [\n -122.52174071967602,\n 37.57729584314214\n ],\n [\n -122.52168841660021,\n 37.577311786151114\n ],\n [\n -122.52163007855415,\n 37.5773048775143\n ],\n [\n -122.52155631780624,\n 37.577325603422786\n ],\n [\n -122.52153217792511,\n 37.57734526645879\n ],\n [\n -122.5215221196413,\n 37.577375026719665\n ],\n [\n -122.52147786319257,\n 37.57736546092282\n ],\n [\n -122.52143025398254,\n 37.57740159837109\n ],\n [\n -122.52140745520593,\n 37.57745421021297\n ],\n [\n -122.52147451043128,\n 37.57748025040376\n ],\n [\n -122.52153687179089,\n 37.577514793499994\n ],\n [\n -122.52165623009203,\n 37.57751532493211\n ],\n [\n -122.52183593809605,\n 37.577434015773015\n ],\n [\n -122.52187751233576,\n 37.577372369553984\n ],\n [\n -122.52188220620154,\n 37.57732400912232\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McChesney, Gerard J.","contributorId":216126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McChesney","given":"Gerard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39370,"text":"US Fish & Wildlife Service, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Michael W.","contributorId":24297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, William M.","contributorId":292786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perry","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":63003,"text":"former USGS employee, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":216125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39369,"text":"Carter Biological Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Golightly, Richard T.","contributorId":56783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Golightly","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kress, Stephen W.","contributorId":292787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kress","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27800,"text":"National Audubon Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70262535,"text":"70262535 - 2022 - Prescribed fire and other fuel-reduction treatments alter ground spider assemblages in a Southern Appalachian hardwood forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-22T15:07:00.412197","indexId":"70262535","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prescribed fire and other fuel-reduction treatments alter ground spider assemblages in a Southern Appalachian hardwood forest","docAbstract":"Prescribed burns and understory thinnings are forest management practices aimed at reducing fuel loads to lessen wildfire threat in the Southern Appalachians, USA. Spiders play a critical role in forest ecosystems by controlling insect populations and providing an important food source for vertebrates. We used pitfall and colored pan traps to investigate how abundance, species richness, and diversity of spiders differed among three fuel reduction treatments administered repeatedly over a 15-year period and untreated controls. Additionally, we examined how spiders responded to one round (before and after) of fuel reduction treatments. We established treatments within the 15-year period as follows: mechanical understory removal (twice; M), prescribed burning (four times; B), mechanical understory removal followed one year later by high-severity prescribed burns and three subsequent burns (MB), and untreated controls (C). Our study period (2014–2016) occurred after multiple prescribed burns and two rounds of mechanical understory removal had occurred. Salticidae and Lycosidae were the two most commonly collected spider families in Southern Appalachian hardwood forests. Generally, we found increased spider abundances within all fuel-reduction treatments compared to controls. Individual spider families and species showed variable responses to treatments, but abundance of several spider families was greater in one or more fuel-reduction treatments than in controls. Additionally, abundance of several spider families and hunting/web building guilds (webs built for hunting purposes or defense) exhibited yearly differences to the last round of fuel-reduction treatments. Overall, our results suggest that changes in the overstory and understory of a forest are important drivers of regional spider abundance and assemblages, and forest management practices that modify forest structure can dramatically alter spider abundance and richness, usually in a positive manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120127","usgsCitation":"Campbell, J., Grodsky, S.M., Milne, M., Viguiera, P., Viguiera, C., Stern, E., and Greenberg, C., 2022, Prescribed fire and other fuel-reduction treatments alter ground spider assemblages in a Southern Appalachian hardwood forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 510, 120127, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120127.","productDescription":"120127, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128340","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481089,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120127","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":480823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Polk County","otherGeospatial":"Green River Game Land","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-82.3541,35.1926],[-82.3507,35.2285],[-82.3597,35.2288],[-82.3591,35.2452],[-82.3495,35.2444],[-82.3462,35.2836],[-82.3294,35.3075],[-82.3183,35.3113],[-82.2784,35.3734],[-82.2636,35.3869],[-82.2615,35.3946],[-82.2477,35.4021],[-82.2403,35.4032],[-82.2283,35.3975],[-82.2181,35.3964],[-82.2098,35.4006],[-82.2059,35.4034],[-82.2008,35.4035],[-82.1945,35.3986],[-82.1872,35.3992],[-82.1738,35.4035],[-82.1637,35.4087],[-82.1507,35.4071],[-82.1392,35.3978],[-82.129,35.3975],[-82.1077,35.3807],[-82.0955,35.3682],[-82.0795,35.3421],[-82.0732,35.3386],[-82.0602,35.3352],[-82.04,35.3183],[-82.0341,35.3098],[-82.0311,35.3021],[-82.0214,35.2986],[-81.9885,35.2679],[-81.9736,35.2586],[-81.9667,35.251],[-81.9636,35.2388],[-81.9713,35.2123],[-81.9732,35.1959],[-81.9713,35.1876],[-82.1521,35.1942],[-82.1554,35.1943],[-82.2163,35.1959],[-82.2861,35.198],[-82.2889,35.1975],[-82.2923,35.1969],[-82.2945,35.1965],[-82.2967,35.1951],[-82.2984,35.1945],[-82.3001,35.194],[-82.3046,35.1926],[-82.3068,35.1922],[-82.3096,35.1916],[-82.3112,35.1912],[-82.313,35.1902],[-82.3157,35.1888],[-82.3186,35.1874],[-82.3219,35.1869],[-82.3246,35.1868],[-82.3281,35.1869],[-82.3297,35.1876],[-82.3303,35.1879],[-82.3326,35.1889],[-82.3354,35.1898],[-82.3377,35.1902],[-82.3406,35.1896],[-82.3433,35.1892],[-82.3456,35.1894],[-82.3489,35.1899],[-82.3501,35.1908],[-82.3518,35.1917],[-82.3541,35.1926]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Polk\",\"state\":\"NC\"}}]}","volume":"510","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Joshua W.","contributorId":349587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Joshua W.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grodsky, Steven Mark 0000-0003-0846-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0846-7230","contributorId":328517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grodsky","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milne, Marc","contributorId":349588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milne","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":79086,"text":"University of Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Viguiera, Patrick","contributorId":349591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viguiera","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[{"id":83493,"text":"High Point University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Viguiera, Cynthia C.","contributorId":349592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viguiera","given":"Cynthia C.","affiliations":[{"id":83493,"text":"High Point University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stern, Emily","contributorId":349594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stern","given":"Emily","affiliations":[{"id":79086,"text":"University of Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Greenberg, Cathryn H.","contributorId":349596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenberg","given":"Cathryn H.","affiliations":[{"id":36589,"text":"USDA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70230509,"text":"70230509 - 2022 - Hawaiian forest bird conservation strategies for minimizing the risk of extinction: biological and biocultural considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-06T13:14:33.552254","indexId":"70230509","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-14T13:10:15","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6053,"text":"Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"103","title":"Hawaiian forest bird conservation strategies for minimizing the risk of extinction: biological and biocultural considerations","docAbstract":"The iconic forest birds of Hawai‘i are facing a conservation crisis. Across the Hawaiian Islands, native forest birds have been experiencing population declines that have accelerated in the last one to two decades. While habitat loss, invasive species, and non-native predators have negatively affected forest bird species for hundreds of years, and continue to do so, introduced diseases, particularly avian malaria, are the greatest threat to forest birds today. Further, climate change has increased temperatures in the high-elevation forests, facilitating the spread of disease into areas that were once largely disease-free. Rapid population declines have now (2022) pushed four Hawaiian honeycreeper species to the brink of extinction: the endangered ‘akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and ‘akeke‘e (Loxops caeruleirostris) on Kaua‘i Island, and kiwikiu (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) and ‘ākohekohe (Palmeria dolei) on Maui Island. The biologists that study these birds strongly agree that without a rapid conservation response to the threat of increasing disease mortality there is a high probability these species will go extinct in the coming decade. To help evaluate alternative conservation strategies for minimizing the risk of extinction, we convened diverse groups of experts with broad experience in Hawai‘i forest birds and ecosystems, as well as the management approaches being considered, to assess the probability of success of alternative management actions. In addition to assessing this crisis from a biological perspective, we convened a group of Native Hawaiian participants that have a strong connection to the forest birds, forests, and the integration of their culture in natural and biocultural resource management. They give voice to the significance of forest birds to Native Hawaiians and provide their perspectives on alternative management actions. Broadly, the three alternative management actions being considered to prevent the extinction of forest birds from the increasing threat of disease are (1) landscape-level mosquito control through the Wolbachia incompatible insect technique, (2) captive care, and (3) conservation translocations. The two key components of the problem of preventing extinction in these four bird species is time and risk. For each species, very few individuals remain, and they are all in danger of imminent extinction. Each management action takes time to implement, which might exceed the actual time to extinction. Additionally, each of these conservation actions has potential benefits and inherent risks, as well as substantial uncertainty in terms of being successful. Native Hawaiian perspectives and considerations also vary across the conservation actions. The expert evaluations summarized in this report provide a broad assessment of conservation strategies that could be undertaken to prevent the extinction of ‘akikiki, ‘akeke‘e, kiwikiu, and ‘ākohekohe. While this report does not recommend specific actions, the information is intended to support decision-makers as they assess which, if any, conservation strategies to pursue.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paxton, Eben H. 0000-0001-5578-7689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5578-7689","contributorId":19640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxton","given":"Eben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laut, Megan","contributorId":140110,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laut","given":"Megan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13385,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo Cooperative Studies Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Enomoto, Stanton","contributorId":290245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Stanton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62387,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Native Hawaiian Relations","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bogardus, Michelle","contributorId":290246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogardus","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62388,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Island Office","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":840590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70256715,"text":"70256715 - 2022 - How effective is the Birdsbesafe® cat collar at reducing bird mortality by domestic cats?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-03T15:55:11.222663","indexId":"70256715","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-14T10:50:52","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How effective is the Birdsbesafe® cat collar at reducing bird mortality by domestic cats?","docAbstract":"The global decline of songbird populations is a well-recognized conservation issue. Domestic cats kill an estimated 2.4 billion birds each year in the United States alone—more than most other anthropogenic threats combined. As many pet owners are reluctant to keep their cats inside, collar-mounted antipredation devices for domestic cats may be an important conservation tool. We examined the effectiveness of the Birdsbesafe® collar cover (BCC), a sleeve of brightly patterned fabric worn over a typical breakaway collar. The BBC's designers intend for the collar's bright colors to alert potential prey to the cat's presence. By combining data from two studies in New York (2014 and 2019) and one in Florida (2019), all of which used similar methods, we tested the hypothesis that the BCC effectively reduces avian mortality caused by cats of different ages and sexes in different hunting environments. We tested 94 cats over a 12-wk period in New York in 2014 or 8-wk periods in Florida and New York in 2019 during the bird breeding seasons; cats alternated 2-wk periods with and without the collar. Across studies, we recovered 2.7 times fewer birds per cat with the BCC than without (P = 0.006). The BCC was more effective at a temperate latitude than a subtropical one (P = 0.047). There was no difference in the effectiveness of the BCC for cats of varying ages, sexes, or hunting environments. Our results suggest that the BCC could be one tool within a larger effort to decrease domestic cat predation of songbirds.
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,{"id":70230423,"text":"sim3488 - 2022 - Potentiometric surface, 2014–15, and water-level differences, 2009 to 2014–15, in the Chicot equivalent aquifer system in southeastern Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T15:18:10.239547","indexId":"sim3488","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-14T09:50:38","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3488","displayTitle":"Potentiometric Surface, 2014–15, and Water-Level Differences, 2009 to 2014–15, in the Chicot Equivalent Aquifer System in Southeastern Louisiana","title":"Potentiometric surface, 2014–15, and water-level differences, 2009 to 2014–15, in the Chicot equivalent aquifer system in southeastern Louisiana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey constructed the potentiometric surface of the Upland terrace and upper Ponchatoula aquifers and the “400-foot” sand using the altitude of water levels from 121 wells measured January 2014 to March 2015. Differences in water levels in the Upland terrace and upper Ponchatoula aquifers and “400-foot” sand were measured at 55 wells in 2009 and again at the same wells in 2014–15. Long-term hydrographs for most wells screened in the Upland terrace aquifer and “400-foot” sand show seasonal fluctuations with little net change in water levels.
The potentiometric surface of the “600-foot” sand was constructed by using the altitude of water levels from 14 wells measured from January 2014 to March 2015. Differences in water levels between 2009 and 2014–15 were determined in the “600-foot” sand by using measurements collected at seven wells. These differences do not necessarily indicate a trend but show water levels declined by more than 5 feet from 2009 to 2015. Long-term hydrographs for two wells screened in the “600-foot” sand show declines in water levels but vary in their drawdown and recovery based on location relative to areas of substantial groundwater withdrawal.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3488","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Frederick, C.P., 2022, Potentiometric surface, 2014–15, and water-level differences, 2009 to 2014–15, in the Chicot equivalent aquifer system in southeastern Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3488, 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3488.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 38.00 × 36.00 inches; Data Release; Dataset","ipdsId":"IP-060348","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501932,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112936.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398562,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":398549,"rank":2,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3488/sim3488.pdf","text":"Sheets 1 and 2","size":"1.41 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":398561,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78051VM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water withdrawals by source and category in Louisiana parishes, 2014–2015"},{"id":398548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3488/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chicot Equivalent Aquifer System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -89.681396484375,\n 30.088107753367257\n ],\n [\n -89.681396484375,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 31.071755902820133\n ],\n [\n -91.58203125,\n 30.088107753367257\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
Satellite telemetry (ST) has played a critical role in the management and conservation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) over the last 50 years. ST data provide biological information relevant to subpopulation delineation, movements, habitat use, maternal denning, health, human-bear interactions, and accurate estimates of vital rates and abundance. Given that polar bears are distributed at low densities over vast and remote habitats, much of the information provided by ST data cannot be collected by other means. Obtaining ST data for polar bears requires chemical immobilization and application of a tracking device. Although immobilization has not been found to have negative effects beyond a several-day reduction in activity, over the last few decades opposition to immobilization and deployment of satellite-linked radio collars has resulted in a lack of current ST data in many of the 19 recognized polar bear subpopulations. Here, we review the uses of ST data for polar bears and evaluate its role in addressing 21st century conservation and management challenges, which include estimation of sustainable harvest rates, understanding the impacts of climate warming, delineating critical habitat, and assessing potential anthropogenic impacts from tourism, resource development and extraction. We found that in subpopulations where ST data have been consistently collected, information was available to estimate vital rates and subpopulation density, document the effects of sea-ice loss, and inform management related to subsistence harvest and regulatory requirements. In contrast, a lack of ST data in some subpopulations resulted in increased bias and uncertainty in ecological and demographic parameters, which has a range of negative consequences. As sea-ice loss due to climate warming continues, there is a greater need to monitor polar bear distribution, habitat use, abundance, and subpopulation connectivity. We conclude that continued collection of ST data will be critically important for polar bear management and conservation in the 21st century and that the benefits of immobilizing small numbers of individual polar bears in order to deploy ST devices significantly outweigh the risks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2022.816666","usgsCitation":"Laidre, K.L., Durner, G.M., Lunn, N.J., Regehr, E.V., Atwood, T.C., Rode, K.D., Aars, J., Routti, H., Wiig, O., Dyck, M., Richardson, E.S., Atkinson, S., Belikov, S., and Stirling, I., 2022, The role of satellite telemetry data in 21st century conservation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus): Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 9, 816666, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.816666.","productDescription":"816666, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-135225","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.816666","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":399396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Greenland, Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -179.9,\n 56.75272287205736\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 56.75272287205736\n ],\n [\n 179.9,\n 89\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 89\n ],\n [\n -179.9,\n 56.75272287205736\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laidre, Kristin L.","contributorId":191798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laidre","given":"Kristin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lunn, Nicholas J","contributorId":198991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lunn","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regehr, Eric V. 0000-0003-4487-3105","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105","contributorId":66364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regehr","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":12428,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Aars, Jon","contributorId":91338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aars","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Routti, Heli","contributorId":56879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Routti","given":"Heli","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7238,"text":"Norwegian Polar Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiig, Oystein","contributorId":192053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiig","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dyck, Markus","contributorId":173868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyck","given":"Markus","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Richardson, Evan S.","contributorId":139901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Richardson","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Atkinson, Stephen D","contributorId":223225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Stephen D","affiliations":[{"id":40688,"text":"Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Belikov, Stanislav","contributorId":19513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"Stanislav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Stirling, Ian","contributorId":72079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6962,"text":"Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70230029,"text":"sir20215101 - 2022 - Aquatic-life criteria compared to concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in streams near Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, December 2015–August 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-02T19:40:54.308381","indexId":"sir20215101","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-14T08:38:54","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5101","displayTitle":"Aquatic-Life Criteria Compared to Concentrations of Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Streams near Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, December 2015–August 2016","title":"Aquatic-life criteria compared to concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in streams near Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, December 2015–August 2016","docAbstract":"The primary focus of this study was to document cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc concentrations in selected streams near the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) and Fort Polk Military Reservation and to compare those values to Federal and State aquatic-life criteria guidelines. The acute aquatic-life criteria used for this study are as follows: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) aquatic-life criterion maximum concentration (CMC) based on hardness, the EPA CMC for copper based on the biotic ligand model (BLM), and the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) acute aquatic-life criteria based on hardness. The chronic aquatic-life criteria used for this study are as follows: the EPA aquatic-life criterion continuous concentration (CCC) based on hardness, the EPA CCC for copper based on the BLM, and the LDEQ chronic aquatic-life criteria based on hardness.
Cadmium was detected in one stream-water sample collected near the Peason Ridge training area, hereinafter referred to as Peason Ridge, and one stream-water sample collected near North and South Fort Polk, hereinafter referred to as the Main Post. A cadmium concentration of an estimated (E) 0.48 microgram per liter (μg/L) in a stream-water sample collected during high stage near Peason Ridge exceeded the EPA CMC of 0.10 μg/L. A second cadmium concentration of E0.33 μg/L in a stream-water sample collected during low stage exceeded the EPA CMC of 0.22 μg/L, and a 4-day average cadmium concentration of E0.16 μg/L exceeded the EPA CCC of 0.14 μg/L.
Copper was detected in 34 stream-water samples collected near Peason Ridge and 22 stream-water samples collected near the Main Post. The EPA acute criteria for copper were exceeded 17 times in stream-water samples collected near Peason Ridge and 19 times in stream-water samples collected near the Main Post. The EPA chronic criteria for copper were exceeded five times in stream-water samples collected near Peason Ridge and seven times in stream-water samples collected near the Main Post.
Lead was detected in 31 stream-water samples collected near Peason Ridge and 16 stream-water samples collected near the Main Post. A concentration of 6.0 μg/L in a stream-water sample collected during high stage at site 2 near Peason Ridge exceeded the EPA CMC of 5.5 μg/L, and a concentration of 4.1 μg/L in a stream-water sample collected during high stage at site 4 near the Main Post exceeded the EPA CMC of 2.9 μg/L. The EPA chronic criteria for lead were exceeded nine times in stream-water samples collected near Peason Ridge and three times in stream-water samples collected near the Main Post. The LDEQ chronic criteria were exceeded two times in stream-water samples near Peason Ridge and none near the Main Post.
Zinc was detected in 35 stream-water samples collected near Peason Ridge and 17 stream-water samples collected near the Main Post. A concentration of 100 μg/L in a stream-water sample collected at site 3 near Peason Ridge exceeded the EPA CMC of 8.9 μg/L and the LDEQ acute aquatic-life criteria of 36 μg/L. One 4-day average zinc concentration, E28 μg/L for stream-water samples collected from site 3 near Peason Ridge, exceeded the EPA CCC of 8.2 μg/L; however, no concentrations of zinc exceeded the LDEQ chronic aquatic-life criteria near Peason Ridge or the Main Post.
The presence of copper, lead, and zinc at concentrations above the calculated acute or chronic aquatic-life criteria for some stream-water samples collected in relatively pristine streams near Peason Ridge and the Main Post indicates that these waters are susceptible to elevated trace element concentrations likely because of low ionic strength and hardness.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215101","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Joint Readiness Training Center and the Fort Polk Military Reservation","usgsCitation":"Tollett, R.W., 2022, Aquatic-life criteria compared to concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in streams near Fort Polk Military Reservation, Louisiana, December 2015–August 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5101, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215101.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 40 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-106720","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397567,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5101/sir20215101.XML"},{"id":397566,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5101/sir20215101.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":502115,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_112935.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":397571,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"—USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":397570,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F74M93FJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality and grain-size data collected at three sites near the Peason Ridge training area and two sites near the Main Post at the Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk, 2015–2016"},{"id":397568,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5101/images"},{"id":397565,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5101/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Fort Polk Military Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.39340209960938,\n 30.9187201197222\n ],\n [\n -92.58865356445312,\n 30.9187201197222\n ],\n [\n -92.58865356445312,\n 31.431006719178512\n ],\n [\n -93.39340209960938,\n 31.431006719178512\n ],\n [\n -93.39340209960938,\n 30.9187201197222\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park, Suite 100
Nashville, TN 37211
The Global Seismographic Network (GSN)—a global network of ≈150 very broadband stations—is used by researchers to study the free oscillations of the Earth (≈0.3–10 mHz) following large earthquakes. Normal‐mode observations can provide information about the radial density and anisotropic velocity structure of the Earth (including near the core–mantle boundary), but only when signal‐to‐noise ratios at very low frequencies are sufficiently high. Most normal‐mode observations in the past three decades have been made using Streckeisen STS‐1 vault seismometers. However, these sensors are no longer being manufactured or serviced. Candidate replacement sensors, the Streckeisen STS‐6 and the Nanometrics T‐360GSN, have been recently installed in boreholes, postholes, and vaults at several GSN stations and GSN testbeds. In this study, we examine normal‐mode spectra following three
The importance of terrestrial coastal ecosystems for maintaining healthy coral reef ecosystems remains understudied. Sea kraits are amphibious snakes that require healthy coral reefs for foraging, but little is known about their requirements of terrestrial habitats, where they slough their skin, digest prey, and breed. Using concurrent microclimate measurements and behavior surveys, we show that a small, topographically flat atoll in Fiji with coastal forest provides many microhabitats that relate to the behaviors of Yellow Lipped Sea Kraits, Laticauda colubrina. Microclimates were significantly related to canopy cover, leaf litter depth, and distance from the high-water mark (HWM). Sea kraits were almost exclusively observed in coastal forest within 30 m of the HWM. Sloughing of skins only occurred within crevices of mature or dying trees. Resting L. colubrina were significantly more likely to occur at locations with higher mean diurnal temperatures, lower leaf litter depths, and shorter distances from the HWM. On Leleuvia, behavior of L. colubrina therefore relates to environmental heterogeneity created by old-growth coastal forests, particularly canopy cover and crevices in mature and dead tree trunks. The importance of healthy coastal habitats, both terrestrial and marine, for L. colubrina suggests it could be a good flagship species for advocating integrated land-sea management. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of coastal forests and topographically flat atolls for biodiversity conservation. Effective conservation management of amphibious species that utilize land- and seascapes is therefore likely to require a holistic approach that incorporates connectivity among ecosystems and environmental heterogeneity at all relevant scales.
Ceratonova shasta is a myxozoan parasite endemic to the Pacific Northwest of North America that is linked to low survival rates of juvenile salmonids in some watersheds such as the Klamath River basin. The density of C. shasta actinospores in the water column is typically highest in the spring (March–June), and directly influences infection rates for outmigrating juvenile salmonids. Current management approaches require quantities of C. shasta density to assess disease risk and estimate survival of juvenile salmonids. Therefore, we developed a model to simulate the density of waterborne C. shasta actinospores using a mechanistic framework based on abiotic drivers and informed by empirical data. The model quantified factors that describe the key features of parasite abundance during the period of juvenile salmon outmigration, including the week of initial detection (onset), seasonal pattern of spore density, and peak density of C. shasta. Spore onset was simulated by a bio-physical degree-day model using the timing of adult salmon spawning and accumulation of thermal units for parasite development. Normalized spore density was simulated by a quadratic regression model based on a parabolic thermal response with river water temperature. Peak spore density was simulated based on retained explanatory variables in a generalized linear model that included the prevalence of infection in hatchery-origin Chinook juveniles the previous year and the occurrence of flushing flows (≥171 m3/s). The final model performed well, closely matched the initial detections (onset) of spores, and explained inter-annual variations for most water years. Our C. shasta model has direct applications as a management tool to assess the impact of proposed flow regimes on the parasite, and it can be used for projecting the effects of alternative water management scenarios on disease-induced mortality of juvenile salmonids such as with an altered water temperature regime or with dam removal.
This study provides new stratigraphic data and identifications for fossil marine mammals from the Monterey Formation in the Capistrano syncline, Orange County, California, showing that there are two distinct marine mammal assemblages. Until now, marine mammals from the Monterey Formation of Orange County have been considered to represent a single assemblage that is 13.0–10.0 Ma in age. By combining data from diatoms with the geographic positions of sites, faunal analysis, and data from the literature, we can assign 59 sites to three main levels: the lower part (ca. 16–13 Ma), the middle part (ca. 13–10 Ma), and the upper part (ca. 10–8 Ma). We assigned 308 marine mammal specimens to 38 taxa, resulting in 97 occurrences (unique record of a taxon for a given site). Of the 38 taxa we identified within the study area, 15 taxa are restricted to the lower part of the Monterey Formation, 15 are restricted to the upper part of the Monterey Formation, eight were found in both, and none has yet been reported from the middle (possibly condensed) section. Six of the eight taxa that occur in both the lower and upper parts of the Monterey Formation are higher-level taxa, which accounts for their broad temporal range. The recognition of two distinct marine mammal assemblages in the Monterey Formation of Orange County is an important step toward a better-calibrated sequence of faunal evolution in the region while improving the utility of marine mammals for regional biostratigraphy.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Understanding the Monterey Formation and similar biosiliceous units across space and time","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2021.2556(10)","usgsCitation":"Parham, J.F., Barron, J.A., and Velez-Juarbe, J., 2022, Middle and late Miocene marine mammal assemblages from the Monterey Formation of Orange County, California, chap. of Understanding the Monterey Formation and similar biosiliceous units across space and time, v. 556, p. 229-241, https://doi.org/10.1130/2021.2556(10).","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"241","ipdsId":"IP-122364","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448123,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/spe.s.19362497","text":"External Repository"},{"id":402269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.76519775390626,\n 33.455505553269184\n ],\n [\n -117.49465942382811,\n 33.455505553269184\n ],\n [\n -117.49465942382811,\n 33.668354044590075\n ],\n [\n -117.76519775390626,\n 33.668354044590075\n ],\n [\n -117.76519775390626,\n 33.455505553269184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"556","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Aiello, Ivano","contributorId":292488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aiello","given":"Ivano","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854754,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854755,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ravelo, A. C.","contributorId":24778,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ravelo","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":854756,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Parham, James F.","contributorId":147502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parham","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":844736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barron, John A. 0000-0002-9309-1145 jbarron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-1145","contributorId":2222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"jbarron@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":844737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Velez-Juarbe, Jorge","contributorId":292477,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Velez-Juarbe","given":"Jorge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12725,"text":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":844738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70250621,"text":"70250621 - 2022 - Water availability drives instream conditions and life-history of an imperiled desert fish: A case study to inform water management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T13:08:51.15559","indexId":"70250621","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-13T07:06:08","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water availability drives instream conditions and life-history of an imperiled desert fish: A case study to inform water management","docAbstract":"In arid ecosystems, available water is a critical, yet limited resource for human consumption, agricultural use, and ecosystem processes—highlighting the importance of developing management strategies to meet the needs of multiple users. Here, we evaluated how water availability influences stream thermal regimes and life-history expressions of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) in the arid Truckee River basin in the western United States. We integrated air temperature and stream discharge data to quantify how water availability drives stream temperature during annual spawning and rearing of Lahontan cutthroat trout. We then determined how in situ stream discharge and temperature affected adult spawning migrations, juvenile growth opportunities, and duration of suitable thermal conditions. Air temperatures had significant, large effects (+) on stream temperature across months; the effects of discharge varied across months, with significant effects (−) during May through August, suggesting increased discharge can help mitigate temperatures during seasonally warm months. Two models explained adult Lahontan cutthroat trout migration, and both models indicated that adult Lahontan cutthroat trout avoid migration when temperatures are warmer (~ > 12 °C) and discharge is higher (~ > 50 m3*s−1). Juvenile size was best explained by a quadratic relationship with cumulative degree days (CDD; days>4 °C) as size increased with increasing CDDs but decreased at higher CDDs. We also found an interaction between CDDs and discharge explaining juvenile size: when CDDs were low, higher discharge was associated with larger size, but when CDDs were high, higher discharge was associated with smaller size. Stream temperatures also determined the duration of juvenile rearing, as all juvenile emigration ceased at temperatures >24.4 °C. Together, our results illustrated how stream discharge and temperature shape the life-history of Lahontan cutthroat trout at multiple stages and can inform management actions to offset warming temperatures and facilitate life-history diversity and population resilience.
Endemic Hawaiian forest birds have experienced dramatic population declines. The Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex (BINWRC) was created for conservation of endangered Hawaiian forest birds and their habitats. Surveys have been conducted at two units of BINWRC to monitor forest bird populations and their response to management actions. We analyzed survey data from 1987 to 2019 at the Hakalau Forest Unit (HFU) and from 1995 to 2019 at the Kona Forest Unit (KFU). We analyzed three strata at HFU: open-forest, closed-forest, and pasture, and two strata at the KFU: upper (>1524 m elevation) and lower (<1524 m). In all years, ‘i‘iwi (Drepanis coccinea), ‘apapane (Himatione sanguinea), and Hawai‘i ‘amakihi (Chlorodrepanis virens virens) were the most abundant species at HFU. The three endangered forest bird species, Hawai‘i ‘ākepa (Loxops coccineus), ‘alawī (Loxops mana, also known as Hawai‘i creeper) and ‘akiapōlā‘au (Hemignathus wilsoni), had much lower densities. The most abundant species at KFU was ‘apapane, followed by Hawai‘i ‘amakihi and warbling white-eye (Zosterops japonicus) at much lower densities. At HFU we found a continuation of several trends observed in previous analyses from 1987–2012, with most species’ trends upward in pasture stratum, stable in the open-forest stratum, and downward in the closed-forest stratum. However, when we looked at the most recent decade at HFU, more species were showing downward trends in all three strata. At KFU results were mixed, with more species’ trends downward in the upper stratum and more species’ trends upward in the lower stratum. Populations of endangered forest species were either locally extirpated at KFU or in numbers too low to reliably estimate population densities. Both units in the BINWRC are important for conservation of forest birds on Hawai‘i Island, and our results show that HFU supports the majority of the three endangered forest bird species found on Hawai‘i Island. Our analysis also shows the importance of continuous monitoring and timely analysis to track forest bird populations. With the additional data provided by continued surveys, we determined conclusive population trends for species whose trends were previously inconclusive. Knowing current population densities, abundances, and trends allows managers to evaluate and adapt management actions to support forest bird conservation at the BINWRC.
Dynamic rupture models are physics‐based simulations that couple fracture mechanics to wave propagation and are used to explain specific earthquake observations or to generate a suite of predictions to understand the influence of frictional, geometrical, stress, and material parameters. These simulations can model single earthquakes or multiple earthquake cycles. The objective of this article is to provide a self‐contained and practical guide for students starting in the field of earthquake dynamics. Senior researchers who are interested in learning the first‐order constraints and general approaches to dynamic rupture problems will also benefit. We believe this guide is timely given the recent growth of computational resources and the range of sophisticated modeling software that are now available. We start with a succinct discussion of the essential physics of earthquake rupture propagation and walk the reader through the main concepts in dynamic rupture model design. We briefly touch on fully dynamic earthquake cycle models but leave the details of this topic for other publications. We also highlight examples throughout that demonstrate the use of dynamic rupture models to investigate various aspects of the faulting process.
In drylands, there is a need for controlled experiments over multiple planting years to examine how woody seedlings respond to soil texture and the potentially interactive effects of soil depth and precipitation. Understanding how multiple environmental factors interactively influence plant establishment is critical to restoration ecology and in this case to broad-scale restoration efforts in western US drylands dominated by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). We planted sagebrush seedlings across a range of soil textures and depths in the southern portion of the species' range, on the Colorado Plateau. We evaluated survival of repeated plantings of caged and uncaged seedlings over two years across 20 plots in wet vs. average precipitation years at one site, and examined broader patterns of sagebrush seedling survival during an average precipitation year in 56 plots across four sites. First-year survival was >9x higher under wet than average precipitation. Under favorable (wet) conditions, early sagebrush seedling survival was highest on coarser soils, especially those that also had a shallower restrictive layer (e.g., 50-100 cm). Under average precipitation, soil texture and depth effects on survival of newly-planted seedlings were much weaker, but older (>1 yr) seedlings benefitted from growing on coarser textured soils. It may be possible to increase survival by sheltering seedlings with small mesh cages, which likely improve moisture availability. Our results provide new insights into environmental factors that limit woody seedling survival in drylands and illustrate that planting in wet years and incorporating detailed soil setting information could increase survival of sagebrush seedlings in restoration projects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.13700","usgsCitation":"Veblen, K.E., Nehring, K.C., Duniway, M.C., Knight, A.C., Monaco, T.A., Schupp, E.W., Boettinger, J., Villalba, J.J., Fick, S., Brungard, C.C., and Thacker, E., 2022, Soil depth and precipitation moderate soil textural effects on seedling survival of a foundation shrub species: Restoration Ecology, v. 30, no. 6, e13700, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13700.","productDescription":"e13700, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-133946","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399734,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veblen, Kari E.","contributorId":76872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Veblen","given":"Kari","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nehring, Kyle C.","contributorId":210415,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nehring","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duniway, Michael C. 0000-0002-9643-2785 mduniway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-2785","contributorId":4212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duniway","given":"Michael","email":"mduniway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knight, Anna C. 0000-0002-9455-2855","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-2855","contributorId":255113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Anna","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":841513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monaco, Thomas A.","contributorId":150564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monaco","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schupp, Eugene W.","contributorId":178262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schupp","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":841515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boettinger, Janis L","contributorId":290670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boettinger","given":"Janis L","affiliations":[{"id":62471,"text":"Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322; Dept. of Plants, Soils & Climate Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Villalba, Juan J","contributorId":290671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Villalba","given":"Juan","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":62472,"text":"Dept. of Wildland Resources, 5230 Old Main Hill, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322; Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fick, Steven 0000-0002-3548-6966","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3548-6966","contributorId":265517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fick","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54712,"text":"Former US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brungard, Colby C.","contributorId":248822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brungard","given":"Colby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":50029,"text":"New Mexico State University, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Las Cruces, NM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Thacker, Eric","contributorId":268205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thacker","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":55594,"text":"Department of Wildland Resources and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":841520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70234222,"text":"70234222 - 2022 - Summer/fall diet and macronutrient assimilation in an Arctic predator","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-03T22:03:27.188384","indexId":"70234222","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-12T15:17:20","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summer/fall diet and macronutrient assimilation in an Arctic predator","docAbstract":"Free-ranging predator diet estimation is commonly achieved by applying molecular-based tracers because direct observation is not logistically feasible or robust. However, tracers typically do not represent all dietary macronutrients, which likely obscures resource use as prey proximate composition varies and tissue consumption can be specific. For example, polar bears (Ursus maritimus) preferentially consume blubber, yet diets have been estimated using fatty acids based on prey blubber or stable isotopes of lipid-extracted prey muscle, neither of which represent both protein and lipid macronutrient contributions. Further, additional bias can be introduced because dietary fat is known to be flexibly routed beyond short-term energy production and storage. We address this problem by simultaneously accounting for protein and lipid assimilation using carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of lipid-containing prey muscle and blubber to infer summer/fall diet composition and macronutrient proportions from Chukchi Sea polar bear guard hair (n = 229) sampled each spring between 2008 and 2017. Inclusion of blubber (85–95% lipid by dry mass) expanded the isotope mixing space and improved separation among prey species. Ice-associated seals, including nutritionally dependent pups, were the primary prey in summer/fall diets with lower contributions by Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) and whales. Percent blubber estimates confirmed preferential selection of this tissue and represented the highest documented lipid assimilation for any animal species. Our results offer an improved understanding of summer/fall prey macronutrient usage by Chukchi Sea polar bears which likely coincides with a nutritional bottleneck as the sea ice minimum is approached.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-022-05155-2","usgsCitation":"Stricker, C.A., Rode, K.D., Taras, B.D., Bromaghin, J.F., Horstmann, L., and Quakenbush, L.T., 2022, Summer/fall diet and macronutrient assimilation in an Arctic predator: Oecologia, v. 198, p. 917-931, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05155-2.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"931","ipdsId":"IP-129765","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404770,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -170.0244140625,\n 65.9016533861307\n ],\n [\n -162.00439453125,\n 65.9016533861307\n ],\n [\n -162.00439453125,\n 69.53451763078358\n ],\n [\n -170.0244140625,\n 69.53451763078358\n ],\n [\n -170.0244140625,\n 65.9016533861307\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"198","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rode, Karyn D. 0000-0002-3328-8202 krode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3328-8202","contributorId":5053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rode","given":"Karyn","email":"krode@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taras, Brian D.","contributorId":207216,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taras","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Horstmann, Lara","contributorId":294522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horstmann","given":"Lara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":848233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quakenbush, Lori T.","contributorId":192737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quakenbush","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":848234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228749,"text":"sir20215144 - 2022 - Surface-water-quality data to support implementation of revised freshwater aluminum water-quality criteria in Massachusetts, 2018–19","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-23T18:31:13.191429","indexId":"sir20215144","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-12T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-5144","displayTitle":"Surface-Water-Quality Data to Support Implementation of Revised Freshwater Aluminum Water-Quality Criteria in Massachusetts, 2018–19","title":"Surface-water-quality data to support implementation of revised freshwater aluminum water-quality criteria in Massachusetts, 2018–19","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, performed a study to inform the development of the department’s guidelines for the collection and use of water-chemistry data to support calculation of site-dependent aluminum criteria values. The U.S. Geological Survey collected and analyzed discrete water-quality samples at four wastewater-treatment facilities and seven water-treatment facilities in eastern and central Massachusetts from April 2018 through May 2019.
For each of the 11 facilities considered, water-quality samples were collected from treatment-plant effluent and receiving-water bodies. Samples were collected for laboratory analysis of major ions (calcium and magnesium ions are used to calculate total hardness), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total organic carbon (TOC), and total recoverable aluminum. Field parameters for pH, temperature, and specific conductance were measured in situ concurrently with sample collection.
Water-quality conditions differed among monitoring stations. The highest pH values were observed for stations on the Assabet River that receive effluent discharges from wastewater-treatment facilities (the Westborough, Marlborough, Hudson, and Maynard wastewater-treatment facilities). High DOC concentrations (greater than 10 mg/L) were measured in water bodies associated with large areas of riparian wetlands—Lily Pond (Cohasset) and Third Herring Brook (Hanover), and low DOC concentrations (less than 2.5 mg/L) were measured at three water bodies in central Massachusetts—Hocomonco Pond (Westborough), Wyman Pond (Fitchburg), and Monoosnoc Brook (Leominster). Wyman Pond (Fitchburg), Monoosnoc Brook (Leominster), and Lily Pond (Cohasset) also had low pH values and low total hardness concentrations.
The monthly discrete pH, DOC, and total hardness data for selected stations on receiving-water bodies were used in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Aluminum Criteria Calculator Version 2.0 to estimate site-dependent total recoverable aluminum concentrations that—if not exceeded—would be expected to protect fish, invertebrates, and other aquatic life from adverse effects associated with acute and chronic aluminum exposures. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Calculator output provides values for the acute criterion, defined as the criterion maximum concentration (CMC), an estimate of the highest aluminum concentration in surface water to which an aquatic community can be exposed briefly without resulting in an unacceptable effect. This output also provides values for the chronic criterion, defined as the criterion continuous concentration (CCC), an estimate of the highest concentration of aluminum in surface water to which an aquatic community can be exposed indefinitely without resulting in an unacceptable effect. To determine aluminum criteria values typically evaluated for use as protective water-quality criteria, the monthly instantaneous CMC and CCC values were used to calculate the minimum, 5th percentile, and 10th percentile CMC and CCC values for selected monitoring stations.
The monthly instantaneous aluminum CMC and CCC values generated using the EPA Calculator varied among stations. Aluminum CMC and CCC values were highest for four ambient (upstream) stations on the Assabet River associated with wastewater-treatment facilities (Westborough, Marlboro, Hudson, and Maynard). Aluminum CMC and CCC values were lower for stations associated with water-treatment facilities, and lowest for selected ambient stations on Lily Pond, Monoosnoc Brook, and Wyman Pond associated with water-treatment facilities in Cohasset, Leominster, and Fitchburg, respectively. For many stations, the highest CMC and CCC instantaneous aluminum criteria values generated using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Calculator were for months during the growing season for algae and aquatic macrophytes (April or May through September or October) and the lowest values were for months during the nongrowing season (October or November through March or April), indicating the importance of collecting water-quality data during the nongrowing season.
Aluminum CMC and CCC values generated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Calculator are sensitive to variations in the input parameters (pH, DOC, and total hardness). Aluminum solubility is particularly affected by pH. To characterize diel and seasonal variations in pH, multiparameter water-quality monitors recording continuous (15-minute interval) water temperature and pH were installed in the receiving-water body for one station near each facility upstream from the effluent discharge (in rivers) or at a station outside the immediate effect of effluent discharge (in ponds). Continuous water temperature and pH data were collected from April or May 2018 through November or December 2018. Continuous pH data indicated that the pond stations and Assabet River stations had large diel variations in pH during the growing season. Continuous pH data were used together with discrete DOC and total hardness data to evaluate the potential effect of diel variations in pH on calculated site-dependent aluminum criteria values. For the 11 stations, diel variations in pH were determined to correspond to differences in the 10th percentile of CMC values by a median of 160 μg/L, ranging from 0 to 610 μg/L, and differences in the 10th percentile of CCC values by a median of 40 μg/L, ranging from 15 to 210 μg/L. The low monthly instantaneous CMC and CCC values that have the greatest effect on the minimum, 5th percentile, and 10th percentile aluminum values tend to result during the nongrowing season (October or November through March or April) when the range of diel variations in pH is small, thus minimizing the effect of diel variations in pH on the lowest CMC and CCC values.
Historical water-quality data on organic carbon in Massachusetts streams were investigated using data retrieved from the USGS National Water Information System database. An assessment of the availability of historical pH, DOC, and hardness data indicated that more data were available for TOC than for DOC. A linear regression equation was developed for the relation between DOC and TOC concentrations to inform the potential use of available data to evaluate water-quality conditions at additional sites across Massachusetts where only pH, hardness, and TOC data are available. DOC and TOC concentrations were well correlated in the 223 samples in which both constituents were analyzed, and the equation had a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.93.
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U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532