The determination of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs) in sediment by treatment with dilute HCl shows promise as a tool for predicting the potential for metal toxicity to sediment-dwelling organisms. Effective quality control measures must be developed if this method is to become a reliable procedure and to ensure comparability of data. However, establishing quality control measures that assess procedural errors for an operationally defined method can be problematic. For example, preextraction spikes added for assessing the accuracy of AVS and SEMs may be poorly recovered due to adsorption or reaction with sediment constituents. For a variety of sediment types, we found preextraction spikes of sulfide, mercury, and copper to be prone to variable recoveries for the AVS/SEM procedure; recoveries averaged 76.3% (SD, 20.9) for sulfide, 61.9% (39.6) for Hg, and 90.1% (12.7) for Cu. The average recovery was near 100% for preextraction spikes of sediments for Cd, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and the recoveries of preextraction blank spikes for all analytes were consistently 95 to 105%. Binding of Cu or Hg with sulfides is sufficiently strong that 1 N hydrochloric acid will not necessarily keep the spiked metal in the dissolved state. This does not mean that the SEM procedure is invalid for these metals, only that the quality control of procedural error is difficult to assess. However, Hg will generally not be detected when measured as an SEM because of its tendency to adsorb onto sulfide minerals even at extremely low pH. Some reference sediments may be useful for assessing consistency of AVS determinations; we measured 5.97 ± 0.65 μmol/g in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1645 and 1.34 ± 0.14 μmol/g in NIST 2704 for repeated determinations conducted over the past 3 years. Apparently, some sediments may contain an oxidation-resistant sulfide component that can release low to moderate AVS when treated with dilute HCl.
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Each paper submitted to a Scientific Results volume undergoes rigorous peer review by at least two specialists in the author's research field. A paper typically goes through at least one revision cycle before being accepted for publication. We seek to maintain a peer-review system comparable to those of the most highly regarded journals in the geological sciences.
Each Scientific Results volume has an Editorial Review Board that is responsible for obtaining peer reviews of papers submitted to the volume. This board usually is made up of the two co-chief scientists for the cruise, the ODP staff scientist for the cruise, and one external specialist who is familiar with the geology of the area investigated. In addition, the volume has an ODP staff editor who assists with manuscripts that require English-language attention and who coordinates volume assembly.
Scientific Results volumes may also contain short reports of useful data that are not ready for final interpretation. Papers of this type, which may be found together in a section in the back of the volume, are called Data Reports and include no interpretation of results. Data Report papers are read carefully by at least one specialist to make sure they are well organized, comprehensive, and discuss the techniques or procedures thoroughly.
To acknowledge the contributions made by this volume's Editorial Review Board, the Board members are designated Editors of the volume and are so listed on the title page. Reviewers of manuscripts for this volume, whose efforts are so essential to the success of the publication, are listed in the front of the book, without attribution to a particular manuscript.
On behalf of the Ocean Drilling Program, I extend sincere appreciation to members of the Editorial Review Boards and to the reviewers for giving their generous contribution of time and effort, which ensures that only papers of high scientific quality are published in the Proceedings.
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1996 - Coastal erosion of southern Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T10:15:10","indexId":"70182018","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Coastal erosion of southern Lake Michigan","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70182018","usgsCitation":"Folger, D.W., Colman, S., and Barnes, P.W., 1996, Coastal erosion of southern Lake Michigan, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70182018.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335498,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/lake-michigan/","linkHelpText":"(html)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.967529296875,\n 42.500453028125584\n ],\n [\n -88.0718994140625,\n 42.49235259142821\n ],\n [\n -88.0938720703125,\n 42.19189902447192\n ],\n [\n -88.0279541015625,\n 41.76721469421018\n ],\n [\n -87.7423095703125,\n 41.38917324986403\n ],\n [\n -87.53356933593749,\n 41.29844430929419\n ],\n [\n -87.0062255859375,\n 41.372686481864655\n ],\n [\n -86.6876220703125,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -86.517333984375,\n 41.68522004222073\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 41.78360106648078\n ],\n [\n -86.9073486328125,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -87.1490478515625,\n 41.80817277478235\n ],\n [\n -87.33032226562499,\n 41.91454130182335\n ],\n [\n -87.396240234375,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -87.4017333984375,\n 42.26917949243506\n ],\n [\n -87.4017333984375,\n 42.50450285299051\n ],\n [\n -87.967529296875,\n 42.500453028125584\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57706e4b057081a24ee7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folger, David W.","contributorId":96663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colman, Steve","contributorId":65726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":6042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":79443,"text":"wri954289 - 1996 - Floods in Central Texas, December 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T10:20:58","indexId":"wri954289","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4289","title":"Floods in Central Texas, December 1991","docAbstract":"Record-breaking peak discharges were recorded at eight U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gaging stations in central Texas during December 1991 (fig. 1), and substantial peak discharges also occurred at numerous other stations. Large peak discharges during December are unusual in central Texas. The rainfall causing the flooding began on December 18, with 6-day totals exceeding 10 inches (in.) in the area of heaviest rainfall.
This report documents peak discharges and runoff volumes during December 1991. Recurrence intervals were determined for the peak discharges and runoff volumes for 1-, 3-, and 7-day periods. A recurrence interval references the approximate number of years during which a given peak discharge or runoff volumes is expected to be equaled or exceeded only once. A flood of a given recurrence interval is defined on the basis of peak discharge – for example, a 100-year flood is defined as the peak discharge that has a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri954289","usgsCitation":"Hejl, H.R., Slade, R., and Jennings, M.E., 1996, Floods in Central Texas, December 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4289, Plate: 25 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954289.","productDescription":"Plate: 25 x 24 inches","temporalStart":"1991-12-01","temporalEnd":"1991-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri954289.JPG"},{"id":8961,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri95-4289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1200000","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,27 ], [ -100,33 ], [ -95,33 ], [ -95,27 ], [ -100,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hejl, H. R. Jr.","contributorId":69555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hejl","given":"H.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slade, Raymond M.","contributorId":23242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jennings, Marshall E.","contributorId":55813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195018,"text":"70195018 - 1996 - Seafloor environments in Cape Cod Bay, a large coastal embayment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T14:37:22","indexId":"70195018","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seafloor environments in Cape Cod Bay, a large coastal embayment","docAbstract":"Cape Cod Bay is a glacial, semi-enclosed embayment that has a patchy distribution of modern seafloor sedimentary environments of erosion or nondeposition, deposition, and sediment reworking. Sidescan-sonar records and supplemental bathymetric, sedimentary, subbottom, and physical-oceanographic data indicate that the characteristics and distribution of these three categories of bottom environments are controlled by a combination of geologic and oceanographic processes that range from episodic to long-term and from regional to local. (1) Environments of erosion or nondeposition comprise exposures of bedrock, glacial drift, and coarse lag deposits that contain sediments (where present) ranging from boulder fields to gravelly coarse-to-medium sands. These environments are dominant on the shallow margins of the bay (water depths < 30 m) where they reflect sediment resuspension, winnowing, and transport during modern northerly storms. (2) Environments of deposition are blanketed by fine-grained sediments ranging from muds to muddy fine sands. These environments are dominant across the floor of the central basin (water depths = 30–60 m) where fine-grained sediments (derived from regional and local sources and emplaced primarily during episodic wind- and density-driven flow) settle through the water column and accumulate under weak bottom currents during nonstorm conditions. (3) Environments of sediment reworking contain patches with diverse textures ranging from gravelly sands to muds. These environments occupy much of the transitional slopes between the margins and the basin floor and reflect a combination of erosion and deposition.
The patchy distribution of sedimentary environments within the bay reflects not only regional changes in processes between the margins and the basin but local changes within each part of the bay as well. Small-scale patchiness is caused by local changes in the strengths of wave- and wind-driven currents and (on the margins) by local variations in the supply of fine-grained sediments.
This study indicates areas within Cape Cod Bay where fine-grained sediments and associated contaminants are likely to be either moved or deposited. It also provides a guide to the locations and variability of benthic habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(96)00014-X","usgsCitation":"Knebel, H., Rendigs, R., List, J.H., and Signell, R.P., 1996, Seafloor environments in Cape Cod Bay, a large coastal embayment: Marine Geology, v. 133, no. 1-2, p. 11-33, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00014-X.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.71875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -68.73046875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -68.73046875,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 43.99281450048989\n ],\n [\n -71.71875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"133","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586e1e4b00f54eb1d8221","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rendigs, R.R.","contributorId":50506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rendigs","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"List, J. H.","contributorId":70406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194857,"text":"70194857 - 1996 - Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T08:27:04","indexId":"70194857","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults","docAbstract":"We use three-dimensional elastic models to help guide the kinematic interpretation of crustal deformation associated with strike-slip faults. Deformation of the brittle upper crust in the vicinity of strike-slip fault systems is modeled with the assumption that upper crustal deformation is driven by the relative plate motion in the upper mantle. The driving motion is represented by displacement that is specified on the bottom of a 15-km-thick elastic upper crust everywhere except in a zone of finite width in the vicinity of the faults, which we term the “shear zone.” Stress-free basal boundary conditions are specified within the shear zone. The basal driving displacement is either pure strike slip or strike slip with a small oblique component, and the geometry of the fault system includes a single fault, several parallel faults, and overlapping en echelon faults. We examine the variations in deformation due to changes in the width of the shear zone and due to changes in the shear strength of the faults. In models with weak faults the width of the shear zone has a considerable effect on the surficial extent and amplitude of the vertical and horizontal deformation and on the amount of rotation around horizontal and vertical axes. Strong fault models have more localized deformation at the tip of the faults, and the deformation is partly distributed outside the fault zone. The dimensions of large basins along strike-slip faults, such as the Rukwa and Dead Sea basins, and the absence of uplift around pull-apart basins fit models with weak faults better than models with strong faults. Our models also suggest that the length-to-width ratio of pull-apart basins depends on the width of the shear zone and the shear strength of the faults and is not constant as previously suggested. We show that pure strike-slip motion can produce tectonic features, such as elongate half grabens along a single fault, rotated blocks at the ends of parallel faults, or extension perpendicular to overlapping en echelon faults, which can be misinterpreted to indicate a regional component of extension. Zones of subsidence or uplift can become wider than expected for transform plate boundaries when a minor component of oblique motion is added to a system of parallel strike-slip faults.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB00877","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Katzman, R., and Lin, J., 1996, Three-dimensional models of deformation near strike-slip faults: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B7, p. 16205-16220, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00877.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"16205","endPage":"16220","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a69a95fe4b06e28e9c81a9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katzman, Rafael","contributorId":79249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzman","given":"Rafael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, Jian","contributorId":16930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Jian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197565,"text":"70197565 - 1996 - Hazard maps are not enough","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T10:34:16","indexId":"70197565","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hazard maps are not enough","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkTitle":"6th Spanish Congress and International Conference on Environmental Geology and Land-use Planning: Natural Hazards, Land-use Planning and Environment","conferenceTitle":"6th Spanish Congress and International Conference on Environmental Geology and Land-Use Planning","conferenceDate":"1996","conferenceLocation":"Granada, Spain","language":"Spanish","publisher":"El Congreso","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1996, Hazard maps are not enough, in 6th Spanish Congress and International Conference on Environmental Geology and Land-use Planning: Natural Hazards, Land-use Planning and Environment, Granada, Spain, 1996, p. 331-336.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"336","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e4eee4b0702d0e84928a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197566,"text":"70197566 - 1996 - History of the International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides (ICFL)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T10:39:02","indexId":"70197566","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"History of the International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides (ICFL)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides","conferenceTitle":"Eighth International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides","conferenceDate":"September 27-28, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Granada, Spain","language":"English","publisher":"Rotterdam","publisherLocation":"Brookfield, VT","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., 1996, History of the International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides (ICFL), in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference and Field Trip on Landslides, Granada, Spain, September 27-28, 1996, p. 3-17.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354931,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e4eee4b0702d0e849288","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197374,"text":"70197374 - 1996 - U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T10:27:07","indexId":"70197374","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the United States' Sea Floor: The View from GLORIA","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Robb, J.M., Dillon, W.P., O’Leary, D.W., and Popenoe, P., 1996, U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II, chap. of Geology of the United States' Sea Floor: The View from GLORIA, p. 43-45.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"45","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354620,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b159a1ae4b092d9651e224d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W","contributorId":201996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":12545,"text":"USGS retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":736905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Popenoe, P.","contributorId":105434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197233,"text":"70197233 - 1996 - Global environmental changes, natural","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-23T15:32:09","indexId":"70197233","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Global environmental changes, natural","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Earth Science","language":"English","publisher":"Simon and Schuster Macmillan","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.S., 1996, Global environmental changes, natural, chap. of Encyclopedia of Earth Science, v. 1, p. 425-432.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b159a1ae4b092d9651e224f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Robert S. Jr.","contributorId":95207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70196424,"text":"70196424 - 1996 - Ground-truthing studies of west coast and Gulf of Mexico submarine fans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-06T10:06:06","indexId":"70196424","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ground-truthing studies of west coast and Gulf of Mexico submarine fans","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the United States’ Seafloor: The View from GLORIA","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Lee, H., Kayen, R.E., Edwards, B.D., Field, M.E., Gardner, J., Schwab, W.C., and Twichell, D.C., 1996, Ground-truthing studies of west coast and Gulf of Mexico submarine fans, chap. of Geology of the United States’ Seafloor: The View from GLORIA, p. 221-235.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"235","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":353206,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/oceanography-and-marine-science/geology-united-states-seafloor-view-gloria?format=PB#jRxeXapkmCPk3tKA.97"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1de0e4b0da30c1bfd531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. 0000-0002-0356-072X rkayen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-072X","contributorId":140764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Brian D. bedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Brian","email":"bedwards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":61769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189550,"text":"70189550 - 1996 - Oxygen transport and pyrite oxidation in unsaturated coal-mine spoil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-17T09:18:26","indexId":"70189550","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Oxygen transport and pyrite oxidation in unsaturated coal-mine spoil","docAbstract":"An understanding of the mechanisms of oxygen (02) transport in unsaturated mine spoil is necessary to design and implement effective measures to exclude 02 from pyritic materials and to control the formation of acidic mine drainage. Partial pressure of oxygen (Po2) in pore gas, chemistry of pore water, and temperature were measured at different depths in unsaturated spoil at two reclaimed surface coal mines in Pennsylvania. At mine 1, where spoil was loose, blocky sandstone, Po2 changed little with depth, decreasing from 21 volume percent (vol%) at the ground surface to a minimum of about 18 vol% at 10 m depth. At mine 2, where spoil was compacted, friable shale, Po2 decreased to less than 2 vol% at depth of about 10 m. Although pore-water chemistry and temperature data indicate that acid-forming reactions were active at both mines, the pore-gas data indicate that mechanisms for 0 2 transport were different at each mine. A numerical model was developed to simulate 02 transport and pyrite oxidation in unsaturated mine spoil. The results of the numerical simulations indicate that differences in 02 transport at the two mines can be explained by differences in the air permeability of spoil. Po2 changes little with depth if advective transport of 02 dominates as at mine 1, but decreases greatly with depth if diffusive transport of 02 dominates, as in mine 2. Model results also indicate that advective transport becomes significant if the air permeability of spoil is greater than 10-9 m2, which is expected for blocky sandstone spoil. In the advective-dominant system, thermally-induced convective air flow, as a consequence of the exothermic oxidation of pyrite, supplies the 02 to maintain high Po2 within the deep unsaturated zone.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings America Society of Mining and Recreation","conferenceTitle":"13th Annual Meeting of the ASSMR","conferenceDate":"May 18-23, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Knoxville, TN","language":"English","publisher":"America Society of Mining and Recreation","usgsCitation":"Guo, W., and Cravotta, C.A., 1996, Oxygen transport and pyrite oxidation in unsaturated coal-mine spoil, in Proceedings America Society of Mining and Recreation, Knoxville, TN, May 18-23, 1996, p. 3-14.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"14","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":343919,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.asmr.us/Publications/Conference-Proceedings?y=1996"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596dcca8e4b0d1f9f0627591","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guo, Weixing","contributorId":28641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Weixing","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cravotta, Charles A. III, 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":2193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles","suffix":"III,","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79000,"text":"wdrMT951 - 1996 - Water resources data, Montana, water year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:00","indexId":"wdrMT951","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MT-95-1","title":"Water resources data, Montana, water year 1995","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrMT951","usgsCitation":"Shields, R., White, M.K., Ladd, P., and Chambers, C.L., 1996, Water resources data, Montana, water year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MT-95-1, 521 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMT951.","productDescription":"521 p.","numberOfPages":"521","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f11ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shields, R.R.","contributorId":106916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shields","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, M. K.","contributorId":74395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ladd, P.B.","contributorId":71250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chambers, C. L.","contributorId":48525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chambers","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":289038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28226,"text":"wri964026 - 1996 - Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-21T21:50:41.000691","indexId":"wri964026","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4026","title":"Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Laboratory, field, and digital solute-transport- modeling studies demonstrate that microorganisms indigenous to the shallow ground-water system at Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, can degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in gasoline released at the site. Microorganisms in aquifer sediments incubated in the laboratory under aerobic and anaerobic conditions mineralized radiolabeled carbon 14-toluene to 14C-carbon dioxide with first-order rate constants of Kbio = -0.640 per day and Kbio = -0.003 per day, respectively. Digital solute- transport modeling using the numerical code SUTRA revealed that anaerobic biodegradation of benzene occurs with a first-order rate constant near Kbio = -0.00025 per day. Sandy aquifer material beneath Laurel Bay Exchange is characterized by relatively high hydraulic conductivities (Kaq = 8.9 to 17.3 feet per day), average ground-water flow rate of about 60 feet per year, and a relatively uniform hydraulic gradient of 0.004 feet per foot. The sandy aquifer material also has low adsorptive potentials for toluene and benzene (both about Kad = 2.0 x 10-9 cubic feet per milligram), because of the lack of natural organic matter in the aquifer. The combination of this ground-water-flow rate and absence of significant adsorptive capacity in the aquifer permits toluene and benzene concentrations to be detected downgradient from the source area in monitoring wells, even though biodegradation of these compounds has been demonstrated. Solute-transport simulations, however, indicate that toluene and benzene will not reach the Broad River, the nearest point of contact with wildlife or human populations, about 3,600 feet west of the site boundary. These simulations also show that contamination will not be transported to the nearest Marine Corps property line about 2,400 feet south of the site. This is primarily because the source of contaminants has essentially been removed, and the low adsorptive capacity of the aquifer sediments has prevented the occurrence of an adsorbed, continuous source of petroleum hydrocarbons. Therefore, digital simulations of toluene and benzene transport at Laurel Bay Exchange indicate that intrinsic bioremediation could be a successful remediation alternative for prohibiting transport of dissolved toluene and benzene to the Broad River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964026","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Chapelle, F., and Bradley, P., 1996, Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of gasoline contamination in the shallow aquifer, Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4026, viii, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964026.","productDescription":"viii, 50 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4026/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414514,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48392.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4026/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Laurel Bay Exchange, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.7944,\n 32.4547\n ],\n [\n -80.7861,\n 32.4547\n ],\n [\n -80.7861,\n 32.4639\n ],\n [\n -80.7944,\n 32.4639\n ],\n [\n -80.7944,\n 32.4547\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis","contributorId":102922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207341,"text":"70207341 - 1996 - Late Holocene alluvial geomorphology of the Virgin River in the Zion National Park area, southwest Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T13:53:12.371836","indexId":"70207341","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-17T12:34:25","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene alluvial geomorphology of the Virgin River in the Zion National Park area, southwest Utah","docAbstract":"This study traces the geomorphic development of the alluvial valley of the Virgin River in the Zion National Park region of southwest Utah. The purpose is to identify, date, and interpret the patterns of erosion and deposition that formed the alluvial valley over the past 1,000 years. This information is a basis for understanding how the geomorphology of the alluvial valley changes under essentially natural flow conditions.
Sediment in the alluvial valley is classified as mainstem or tributary in origin. Mainstem alluvium is the largest volumetrically; it is mainly light-colored sand derived from upstream sources that accumulated on now abandoned flood plains (or terraces) by overbank deposition. Tributary sediment is typically dark colored, coarse-grained sand or gravel transported to the alluvial valley by streamflow or debris flow. Tributary and mainstem sediment are interbedded near the margin of the valley, and the older deposits are truncated parallel to the river, suggesting that in time the river removes both its own deposits and those of tributaries. In the natural flow regimen, the river probably maintains a balance between erosion and deposition of mainstem and tributary deposits.
Four terraces and the active channel and flood plain are widespread along the Virgin River; from oldest to youngest these are the prehistoric, settlement, historic, and modern terraces. Dating was done by archeologic context, tree-ring methods, historic documents, relocation of early photographs, and correlation with other streams on the southern Colorado Plateau. Results indicate that prehistoric deposition ended by about A.D. 1100–1200, deposition of the settlement alluvium was from about A.D. 1400–1880, development of the historic terrace was from after 1883 until 1926, deposition of the modern alluvium was from 1940–1980, and development of the active channel and flood plain was after about 1980.
The principal deposits (prehistoric, settlement, and modern alluviums) are separated by two periods of stream entrenchment and channel widening referred to as the prehistoric and historic arroyo cutting, respectively. Erosional activity of roughly similar age occurred in most southern Colorado Plateau streams. The early erosion is not well dated in the study area, although regional relations suggest A.D. 1200–1400, if not somewhat earlier. Historic arroyo cutting began after 1883 in the study area and continued until around 1940 when deposition of the modern alluvium began. Both erosions affected the human population of the region. Although the dating is imprecise, the Anasazi probably abandoned the region during prehistoric arroyo cutting, partly because of adverse environmental conditions. Likewise, historic arroyo cutting caused major losses of property and economic hardship among Anglo settlers.
Erosion and deposition were largely contemporaneous with variations in streamflow. Long-term streamflow of the Virgin River was estimated from calibration of annual tree growth with measured streamflow. Results indicate that erosion was during periods of unusually high streamflow and that deposition was during periods of relatively low streamflow. These relations are best illustrated by historic arroyo cutting and subsequent deposition of the modern alluvium. Precipitation and runoff immediately before and during historic arroyo cutting were the most unusual of the past 300 years; they varied from the driest immediately preceding erosion to the wettest during erosion. Deposition of the modern alluvium was during relatively low runoff after 1940. High runoff destabilizes the channel, enhancing flood erosion. Conversely, relatively low runoff increases channel stability, reducing the erosional effect of floods and enhancing flood plain deposition. Adjustments in the width and depth of the channel are frequent, even after relatively small, short-term variations of streamflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2310-8.1","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., Jacoby, G.C., and McCord, V.A., 1996, Late Holocene alluvial geomorphology of the Virgin River in the Zion National Park area, southwest Utah: GSA Special Papers, v. 310, p. 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2310-8.1.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -111.77490234375,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 37.82280243352756\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 36.98500309285596\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"310","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacoby, Gordon C.","contributorId":35589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacoby","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCord, V. Alexander","contributorId":19837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018613,"text":"70018613 - 1996 - Hercynian I-type and S-type granitoids from the Slavonian mountains (southern Pannonian Basin, northern Croatia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T16:25:43.144162","indexId":"70018613","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2856,"text":"Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hercynian I-type and S-type granitoids from the Slavonian mountains (southern Pannonian Basin, northern Croatia)","docAbstract":"Two genetically different groups of Hercynian granitoids occur in the Slavonian Mountains which are included in the southern Pannonian Basin. I-type granitoids occur in Barrovian-type progressive metamorphic sequences which originated during the Hercynian orogeny from the Late Silurian to Lower Carboniferous magmatic-sedimentary complex. S-type granitoids, enriched in incompatible trace elements, are accompanied by penecontemporaneous migmatites which originated from rocks of the same progressive metamorphic sequences and lower continental crust. I-type granitoids are represented mostly by granodiorite and monzogranite impoverished in incompatible trace elements, with rare diorite and monzodiorite and basic to intermediate rocks. Hercynian age of the crystalline rocks is supported by numerous K-Ar, 40Ar-39Ar and Rb-Sr measurements carried out mostly on monomineralic concentrates. About 20 representative samples of S-type and I-type granites and associated rocks were selected from over 1000 samples and analyzed in detail for major and trace elements, including REE, Sr and O isotopic compositions; microprobe chemical composition of the main rock-forming minerals was determined. Although most major and trace element diagrams do not provide the best genetic discrimination between the Slavonian granitoids, Sr and O isotope composition, REE data and some other data for the S-type granitoids are indicative of their sedimentary and continental crust source, whereas the I-type granitoids were derived by partial melting of the upper mantle with slight crustal contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publisher","doi":"10.1127/njma/171/1996/155","issn":"00777757","usgsCitation":"Pamic, J., Lanphere, M., and Belak, M., 1996, Hercynian I-type and S-type granitoids from the Slavonian mountains (southern Pannonian Basin, northern Croatia): Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, v. 171, no. 2, p. 155-186, https://doi.org/10.1127/njma/171/1996/155.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Croatia","otherGeospatial":"Slavonian mountains, southern Pannonian Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.989376537958236,\n 46.54023095259825\n ],\n [\n 15.989376537958236,\n 46.05635612422839\n ],\n [\n 17.03128711558128,\n 46.05635612422839\n ],\n [\n 17.03128711558128,\n 46.54023095259825\n ],\n [\n 15.989376537958236,\n 46.54023095259825\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"171","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3075e4b0c8380cd5d66f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pamic, J.","contributorId":11753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pamic","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lanphere, M.","contributorId":68034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanphere","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belak, M.","contributorId":82074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belak","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207048,"text":"70207048 - 1996 - Comment on “The stress state implied by dislocation models of subduction deformation” by J. J. Douglass and B. A. Buffett","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T12:36:06.064986","indexId":"70207048","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-04T13:48:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “The stress state implied by dislocation models of subduction deformation” by J. J. Douglass and B. A. Buffett","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96GL02374","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 1996, Comment on “The stress state implied by dislocation models of subduction deformation” by J. J. Douglass and B. A. Buffett: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, no. 19, p. 2709-2710, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL02374.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"2709","endPage":"2710","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/96gl02374","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":369908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207047,"text":"70207047 - 1996 - No: The L.A. array is not ready for prime time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T12:30:51.248442","indexId":"70207047","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-04T13:32:57","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No: The L.A. array is not ready for prime time","docAbstract":"Although much interest will focus upon the temporal behavior of observed deformation, the principal justification for the SCIGN array is that within a 5‐year interval it will provide an accurate and detailed determination of the velocity field in the Los Angeles basin that can be used to identify the active faults and estimate their secular slip rates. Obviously, the accuracy of the measurements will determine the success of the SCIGN array in reaching its objective. Over the past several years, Duncan Agnew, Hadley Johnson, and Frank Wyatt have developed arguments that quantify the accuracy likely to be obtained in the measurements and the accuracy that will be required to resolve slip rates on individual faults. In view of those arguments I do not believe that the SCIGN strategy can accomplish its objective. Instead, a mix of annual and continuous GPS surveys may be a more cost‐effective way to accomplish what actually can be achieved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96EO00288","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 1996, No: The L.A. array is not ready for prime time: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 77, no. 43, p. 419-427, https://doi.org/10.1029/96EO00288.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"427","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Los Angeles basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 33.100745405144245\n ],\n [\n -116.27929687499999,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 33.100745405144245\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"77","issue":"43","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223234,"text":"5223234 - 1996 - Empirical Bayes estimation of proportions with application to cowbird parasitism rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:06:06.557683","indexId":"5223234","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T12:17:45","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Empirical Bayes estimation of proportions with application to cowbird parasitism rates","docAbstract":"Bayesian models provide a structure for studying collections of parameters such are considered in the investigation of communities, ecosystems, and landscapes. This structure allows for improved estimation of individual parameters by considering them in the context of a group of related parameters. Individual estimates are differntially adjusted toward in overall mean, with the magnitude of their adjustment based on their precision. Consequently, Bayesian estimation allows for a more reliable ranking of parameters and, in particular, a more credible identification of extreme values from a collection of estimates. In Bayesian models, individual parameters are regarded as values sampled from a specified probability distribution, called a prior. The requirements that the prior be known is often regarded as an unattractive feature of Bayesian analysis and may be the reason Bayesian analyses are not frequently applied in ecological studies. Empirical Bayes methods provide an alternative approach that incorporates the structural advantages of Bayesian models while requirng a less stringent specification of prior knowledge. Empirical Bayes methods require only that the prior be in a certain family of distributions, indexed by hyperparameters that can be estimated from the available data. This structur is of interest per se, in addition to its value in allowing for improved estimation of individual parameters; for example, hypothese regarding the existence of distinct subgroups in a collection of paramet ers can be considered under the empirical Bayes framework by allowing the hyperparameters to vary among subgroups. We describe the empirical Bayes approach in application to estimation of proportions, using data obtained in a community—wide study Brown—headed Cowbird paratism rates for illustration. Empirical Bayes estimates identify those species for which there is the greatest evidence of extreme parasitism rates. Subgroup analysis of our data on cowbird parasitism rates indicates that parasitisms rates for neotropical migrants as a group are no greater than those of resident/short—distance migrant in this forest community. Our data and analyses demonstrate that the parasitism rates for certain neotropical migrant species (Wood Thrush and Rose—breasted Grosbeak) are remarkably low while those for others (Ovenbird and Red—eyed Vireo) are remarkably high.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2265751","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., and Hahn, D., 1996, Empirical Bayes estimation of proportions with application to cowbird parasitism rates: Ecology, v. 77, no. 8, p. 2528-2537, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265751.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2528","endPage":"2537","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196322,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60561f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hahn, D. Caldwell 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":26055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D. Caldwell","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":338178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203623,"text":"70203623 - 1996 - Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-29T08:32:20","indexId":"70203623","displayToPublicDate":"1996-12-01T09:17:04","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands","docAbstract":"Bottomland hardwood forests are distributed along rivers and streams throughout the central and eastern United States, with the greatest concentration in the Southeast. Past and projected losses of bottomland hardwoods and degradation of remaining stands suggest that habitat management and/or restoration strategies that target multiple species and multiple uses will be necessary to maintain, enhance, and restore flora and fauna within bottomland hardwood wetlands. A greentree reservoir is a current management strategy that entails manipulating water regimes to provide habitat for wintering waterfowl. We conducted a literature review and synthesis to determine the potential impacts of greentree reservoir management on plant succession within bottomland hardwood wetlands. Greentree reservoirs can impact vegetation establishment through several processes. Despite shortcomings of greentree reservoirs, designs similar to them could be very beneficial in restoring bottomland hardwood plant and animal communities from degraded forests provided water-level control and maintenance are substantially improved. Emulation of natural hydrologic regimes, including natural variability, could produce diverse bottomland hardwood plant communities and provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161340","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., and Allen, J., 1996, Plant succession and greentree reservoir management: Implications for management and restoration of bottomland hardwood wetlands: Wetlands, v. 16, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161340.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sammy L. 0000-0002-5364-6361 sking@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5364-6361","contributorId":557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Sammy","email":"sking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":763305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, James A. 0000-0001-6459-5734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-5734","contributorId":108095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":763306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}