Assemblages of foraminiferal tests in sediments sampled off Key Largo, Florida, in 1982, 1991, and 1992 were significantly different from assemblages sampled along the same traverses in 1959–1961. Larger, algal symbiont-bearing taxa, primarily Soritidae, comprised 50–80% of the specimens in samples collected in 1959–1961, whereas Miliolidae and Rotaliidae comprised 65-90% of the specimens collected in 1991 and 1992. Test abundance in 1992 samples ranged from 1.0 × 102/g to 8.1 × 104/g; tests were least abundant in coarse, well-sorted sediments. The lack of test-density data for the 1959-1961 samples prevented assessment of whether densities of smaller foraminifera have increased, symbiotic foraminifera have decreased, or both. Between 1982 and 1992, densities of smaller foraminifera appear to have increased. Although the causes of these changes in foraminiferal assemblages are not known, possible factors include nutrient loading inshore, winnowing and transport of tests by storm activity, and disease. The shift in dominance from long-lived, algal symbiont-bearing taxa in 1959--1961 to small, fast-growing, heterotrophic taxa in 1992 is consistent with predictions of community response to gradually increasing nutrient flux into south Florida's coastal waters. This study indicates that published accounts of foraminiferal assemblages from sediments collected 30 or more years ago can be valuable resources in efforts to determine if biotic changes have occurred in coastal ecosystems. This study also indicates that family-level identifications may be sufficient to detect decadal-scale changes in foraminiferal assemblages in reef-tract sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF01787458","usgsCitation":"Cockey, E., Hallock, P., and Lidz, B.H., 1996, Decadal-scale changes in benthic foraminiferal assemblages off Key Largo, Florida: Coral Reefs, v. 15, no. 4, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01787458.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Key Largo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.58464495024563,\n 25.136615885657605\n ],\n [\n -80.58464495024563,\n 24.958329869738947\n ],\n [\n -80.36086549067375,\n 24.958329869738947\n ],\n [\n -80.36086549067375,\n 25.136615885657605\n ],\n [\n -80.58464495024563,\n 25.136615885657605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdffe4b0c8380cd4ea68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cockey, E.","contributorId":49542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockey","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallock, P.","contributorId":91263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallock","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lidz, B. H.","contributorId":30651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21685,"text":"ofr96129 - 1996 - Comparison of estimated and observed stormwater runoff for fifteen watersheds in west-central Florida, using five common design techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr96129","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-129","title":"Comparison of estimated and observed stormwater runoff for fifteen watersheds in west-central Florida, using five common design techniques","docAbstract":"Hydrologists use several traditional techniques for estimating peak discharges and runoff volumes from ungaged watersheds. However, applying these techniques to watersheds in west-central Florida requires that empirical relationships be extrapolated beyond tested ranges. As a result there is some uncertainty as to their accuracy. Sixty-six storms in 15 west-central Florida watersheds were modeled using (1) the rational method, (2) the U.S. Geological Survey regional regression equations, (3) the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) TR-20 model, (4) the Army Corps of Engineers HEC-1 model, and (5) the Environmental Protection Agency SWMM model. The watersheds ranged between fully developed urban and undeveloped natural watersheds. Peak discharges and runoff volumes were estimated using standard or recommended methods for determining input parameters. All model runs were uncalibrated and the selection of input parameters was not influenced by observed data. The rational method, only used to calculate peak discharges, overestimated 45 storms, underestimated 20 storms and estimated the same discharge for 1 storm. The mean estimation error for all storms indicates the method overestimates the peak discharges. Estimation errors were generally smaller in the urban watersheds and larger in the natural watersheds. The U.S. Geological Survey regression equations provide peak discharges for storms of specific recurrence intervals. Therefore, direct comparison with observed data was limited to sixteen observed storms that had precipitation equivalent to specific recurrence intervals. The mean estimation error for all storms indicates the method overestimates both peak discharges and runoff volumes. Estimation errors were smallest for the larger natural watersheds in Sarasota County, and largest for the small watersheds located in the eastern part of the study area. The Natural Resources Conservation Service TR-20 model, overestimated peak discharges for 45 storms and underestimated 21 storms, and overestimated runoff volumes for 44 storms and underestimated 22 storms. The mean estimation error for all storms modeled indicates that the model overestimates peak discharges and runoff volumes. The smaller estimation errors in both peak discharges and runoff volumes were for storms occurring in the urban watersheds, and the larger errors were for storms occurring in the natural watersheds. The HEC-1 model overestimated peak discharge rates for 55 storms and underestimated 11 storms. Runoff volumes were overestimated for 44 storms and underestimated for 22 storms using the Army Corps of Engineers HEC-1 model. The mean estimation error for all the storms modeled indicates that the model overestimates peak discharge rates and runoff volumes. Generally, the smaller estimation errors in peak discharges were for storms occurring in the urban watersheds, and the larger errors were for storms occurring in the natural watersheds. Estimation errors in runoff volumes; however, were smallest for the 3 natural watersheds located in the southernmost part of Sarasota County. The Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management model produced similar peak discharges and runoff volumes when using both the Green-Ampt and Horton infiltration methods. Estimated peak discharge and runoff volume data calculated with the Horton method was only slightly higher than those calculated with the Green-Ampt method. The mean estimation error for all the storms modeled indicates the model using the Green-Ampt infiltration method overestimates peak discharges and slightly underestimates runoff volumes. Using the Horton infiltration method, the model overestimates both peak discharges and runoff volumes. The smaller estimation errors in both peak discharges and runoff volumes were for storms occurring in the five natural watersheds in Sarasota County with the least amount of impervious cover and the lowest slopes. The largest er","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-file Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96129","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Trommer, J., Loper, J., Hammett, K., and Bowman, G., 1996, Comparison of estimated and observed stormwater runoff for fifteen watersheds in west-central Florida, using five common design techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-129, viii, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96129.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96-129/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae35f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trommer, J.T.","contributorId":28248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trommer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loper, J.E.","contributorId":19965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loper","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammett, K.M.","contributorId":59006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammett","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowman, Georgia","contributorId":44184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"Georgia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23636,"text":"ofr96343 - 1996 - Base-flow data for the Little West Fork Basin, Fort Campbell, Tennessee and Kentucky, 1993 and 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr96343","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-343","title":"Base-flow data for the Little West Fork Basin, Fort Campbell, Tennessee and Kentucky, 1993 and 1994","docAbstract":"Base-flow data were collected from selected sites within the Little West Fork Red River basin during high and low base-flow conditions in order to support a study of the source and movement of ground water that supplies the Fort Campbell Military Reservation. Stream and spring discharge, water temperature, and specific-conductance data were collected during low base-flow conditions from 64 sites on September 1 and 13, 1993, and from 64 sites on March 17 and 18, 1994. Discharge was greater during high base-flow conditions than low base-flow conditions. Major tributaries on the south side of the study area consistently had lower flow than the tributaries on the north side. Discharge data were used to categorize stream reaches and sub-basins. Stream reaches were categorized as gaining or losing, wet, dry, or unobserved for each base-flow measurement period. More dry stream reaches occurred during the two low base-flow periods than during the high base-flow period. Sub-basin areas with surplus or deficient flow were also defined. Many areas of deficient flow occurred near the headwaters of the Little West Fork basin under all base-flow conditions. Fewer areas of deficient flow occurred near the mouth of the basin. The flow per square mile for each major tributary basin in the study area was also calculated. The values of flow per square mile for the tributary basins in the northern part of the study area were greater than those for the tributary basins in the southern part of the study area under all base-flow conditions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96343","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ladd, D., 1996, Base-flow data for the Little West Fork Basin, Fort Campbell, Tennessee and Kentucky, 1993 and 1994 (Supercedes OFR 95-724): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-343, iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96343.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1682,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96-343","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Supercedes OFR 95-724","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648883","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ladd, D.E.","contributorId":34956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ladd","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23698,"text":"ofr96301 - 1996 - Neural network technique for merging radar and visible band images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr96301","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-301","title":"Neural network technique for merging radar and visible band images","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, National Mapping Division,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96301","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lemeshewsky, G., 1996, Neural network technique for merging radar and visible band images: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-301, 14 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96301.","productDescription":"14 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0301/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52946,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0301/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemeshewsky, George","contributorId":97134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemeshewsky","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24726,"text":"ofr96469 - 1996 - Selected hydrologic data for and location of MX wells in east-central and southern Nevada, January 1980 through May 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:22","indexId":"ofr96469","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-469","title":"Selected hydrologic data for and location of MX wells in east-central and southern Nevada, January 1980 through May 1996","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96469","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Tumbusch, M., and Schaefer, D.H., 1996, Selected hydrologic data for and location of MX wells in east-central and southern Nevada, January 1980 through May 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-469, iii, 37 p.col. map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96469.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p.col. map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0469/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53752,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0469/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53753,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0469/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f944f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tumbusch, M.L.","contributorId":47411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tumbusch","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, D. H.","contributorId":84763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44857,"text":"wri954208 - 1996 - Water-level changes in the High Plains Aquifer: Predevelopment to 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T22:37:51.932306","indexId":"wri954208","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4208","title":"Water-level changes in the High Plains Aquifer: Predevelopment to 1994","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954208","usgsCitation":"Dugan, J.T., and Sharpe, J.B., 1996, Water-level changes in the High Plains Aquifer: Predevelopment to 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4208, Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 62.19 × 42.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954208.","productDescription":"Report: 1 p.; 1 Plate: 62.19 × 42.06 inches","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258733,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":258732,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":258731,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4208/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410130,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106,\n 43.6333\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 32\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 43.6333\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 43.6333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e779f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, Jack T.","contributorId":102456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69398,"text":"i2522 - 1996 - Breccia-pipe and geologic map of the northwestern part of the Hualapai Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-03T20:55:06.022887","indexId":"i2522","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2522","title":"Breccia-pipe and geologic map of the northwestern part of the Hualapai Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2522","usgsCitation":"Wenrich, K., Billingsley, G.H., and Huntoon, P.W., 1996, Breccia-pipe and geologic map of the northwestern part of the Hualapai Indian Reservation and vicinity, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2522, Report: iii, 16 p.; 2 Plates: 56.67 × 38.92 inches and 53.88 × 39.76 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2522.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 16 p.; 2 Plates: 56.67 × 38.92 inches and 53.88 × 39.76 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391362,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10307.htm"},{"id":256643,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2522/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256642,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2522/plate-1-preview.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256641,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2522/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2522/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":256644,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2522/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Hualapai Indian Reservation and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35.75 ], [ -114,36.125 ], [ -113.375,36.125 ], [ -113.375,35.75 ], [ -114,35.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenrich, K. J.","contributorId":40203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Billingsley, G. H.","contributorId":101265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Billingsley","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huntoon, P. W.","contributorId":84764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntoon","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22875,"text":"ofr96265 - 1996 - Some chemical and physical properties of clinoptilolite-rich rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:50","indexId":"ofr96265","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-265","title":"Some chemical and physical properties of clinoptilolite-rich rocks","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96265","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., 1996, Some chemical and physical properties of clinoptilolite-rich rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-265, i, 7 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96265.","productDescription":"i, 7 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52288,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0265/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e9e4b07f02db5e93f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, G. A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21611,"text":"ofr96264 - 1996 - An assessment of in-place gas resources in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sandstone reservoirs, Wind River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:49","indexId":"ofr96264","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-264","title":"An assessment of in-place gas resources in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sandstone reservoirs, Wind River Basin, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96264","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., Finn, T., Crovelli, R., and Balay, R., 1996, An assessment of in-place gas resources in low-permeability Upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sandstone reservoirs, Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-264, viii, 204 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96264.","productDescription":"viii, 204 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0264/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51176,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684e47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R. C. 0000-0002-6197-5165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":101621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":184905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, T.M. 0000-0001-6396-9351","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":65495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crovelli, R. A.","contributorId":40969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Balay, R.H.","contributorId":44177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":68468,"text":"ha694D - 1996 - Hydrogeology of structurally extended terrain in the eastern Great Basin of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states, from geologic and geophysical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-28T11:24:22","indexId":"ha694D","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"694","chapter":"D","title":"Hydrogeology of structurally extended terrain in the eastern Great Basin of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states, from geologic and geophysical models","docAbstract":"The Great Basin of the western United States encompasses most of Nevada and western Utah (fig. 1). The climate of the region is semiarid to arid, with most precipitation falling as winter Show. The region is characterized by internal drainage (generally no hydrologic outlet to the ocean). Water resources in the region are limited and nearly all reliable surface-water sources have been allocated for use. The most commonly used aquifers arc sand-and-gravel basin-fill deposits in structural basins of the region. In many basins, pumpage from the basin-fill aquifers is as much as (or more than) the safe yield.
Consequently, aquifers other than basin fill are being assessed in the eastern Great Basin to determine where and how much additional ground water is present and what might be the effects of development. This study was part of the Nevada Carbonate Aquifers Program, in cooperation with the State of Nevada, Las Vegas Valley Water District, City of North Las Vegas, and the Bureau of Reclamation. This atlas presents a conceptual model of the geologic and hydrologic features of structurally extended terrains in the eastern Great Basin. First, the model is described and major structural features are compared with regional groundwater flow patterns. Second, the validity of the conceptual hydrogeologic model is evaluated using geophysical data and geologic models derived from geophysical profiles.
Hydrologic information on the variability of streamflow during low-flow periods is needed for the effective management of surface-water resources in Maryland and Delaware. Low-flow characteristics derived from streamflow under natural conditions are presented for 94 continuousrecord gaging stations in Maryland, Delaware, and surrounding States, and for 131 low-flow partial-record gaging stations in Maryland and Delaware. Methods are developed to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged stream sites for average 7-, 14-, and 30-consecutive-day lowflow discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 10, and 20 years. The methods are applicable to unregulated streams in Maryland and Delaware for watersheds having drainage areas ranging from 2.0 to 875 square miles.
Maryland and Delaware are divided into four regions on the basis of physiography and the results of regression analyses. The regions are the Eastern Shore region in Maryland and Delaware, the eastern-Piedmont region in Maryland, the western region in Maryland, and the southern region in Maryland. Equations are developed from regression analyses to estimate lowflow characteristics at ungaged sites on ungaged streams for the Eastern Shore region, the easternPiedmont region, and the western region. A generalized least-squares multiple-regression technique is used to develop the estimation equations that relate average 7-, 14-, and 30- consecutive-day low-flow discharges for recurrence intervals of 2, 10, and 20 years to physical and climatological features of drainage basins in the study area. Adjustments are necessary to low-flow discharges estimated from the equation for the western region because of the effects of carbonate rocks on low flows. The adjustment method is based on analysis of the residuals of regional estimation equations and the percentage of the basin underlain by carbonate rocks. An equation is developed on the basis of a distance-weighted average of low-flow discharges at gaging stations to estimate low flow characteristics at ungaged sites on ungaged streams for the southern region. Estimates of the accuracy of low-flow characteristics determined from all regional equations are provided.
Two methods are presented for estimating low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites on gaged streams. One method combines low-flow characteristics determined from gaging station data with results from the regional regression equation at the gaging station and at the ungaged site to estimate the low-flow characteristics either upstream or downstream from the gaging station. The other method estimates low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites between gaging stations using a graphical solution. Estimates of accuracy of the low-flow characteristics determined by these methods also are provided.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Geological Survey and the Maryland Water Resources Administration with the partial support of the Delaware Geological Survey and the Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, D.H., and Hayes, D., 1996, Low-flow characteristics of streams in Maryland and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4020, Report: iv, 113 p.; 10 Plates: 20.51 x 40.38 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944020.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 113 p.; 10 Plates: 20.51 x 40.38 inches or 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J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, J.R.","contributorId":18800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elrick, K. A.","contributorId":98731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrick","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, R.B.","contributorId":8480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"R.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22728,"text":"ofr9663 - 1996 - The role of mineral resource assessments in ecological stewardship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:08","indexId":"ofr9663","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-63","title":"The role of mineral resource assessments in ecological stewardship","docAbstract":"Bedrock geology and mineral resource assessments can provide important information for ecologically based stewardship of land and water. Combining information derived from mineral resource assessments and geoenvironmental mineral deposit models provides a means to rapidly screen a large region for potential for mineral concentrations, to assess the environmental risk associated with mineralized bedrock and with human disturbances of mineralized bedrock, and to establish priorities for further studies.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9663","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Clark, S.H., 1996, The role of mineral resource assessments in ecological stewardship: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-63, 15 p. :col. ill.; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9663.","productDescription":"15 p. :col. ill.; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0063/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9117,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0063/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e4f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Sandra H. B.","contributorId":88706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"H. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000786,"text":"1000786 - 1996 - Discrimination among spawning concentrations of Lake Superior lake herring based on trace element profiles in sagittae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T15:59:59.384087","indexId":"1000786","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrimination among spawning concentrations of Lake Superior lake herring based on trace element profiles in sagittae","docAbstract":"Little is known about the stock structure of lake herring Coregonus artedi in Lake Superior, and recent increases in harvestable stock sizes has led to expanded exploitation in some areas. Research on marine teleosts has demonstrated that chemical differences in sagittal otoliths can be used for identification of fish stocks. We used plasma emission spectrophotometry to measure the concentrations of 10 trace elements in the sagittal otoliths from lake herring captured at eight spawning sites in Lake Superior and from Little Star Lake. an inland lake outside the Lake Superior basin. Discriminant function analysis indicated that elemental concentrations provided site‐specific information but that considerable overlap existed among some locations, especially those in western Lake Superior. Correct classification rates varied from 12.0% to 86.1% and were generally higher for spawning locations from embayments in eastern Lake Superior and for the outgroup population from Little Star Lake. The results presented here demonstrate the potential usefulness of this technique for strictly freshwater species, especially those that live in highly oligotrophic waters such as Lake Superior.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0852:DASCOL>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bronte, C.R., Hesselberg, R.J., Shoesmith, J.A., and Hoff, M.H., 1996, Discrimination among spawning concentrations of Lake Superior lake herring based on trace element profiles in sagittae: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 125, no. 6, p. 852-859, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0852:DASCOL>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"852","endPage":"859","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior, Little Star Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.64404051195237,\n 49.322654990120384\n ],\n [\n -92.64404051195237,\n 46.28314472135693\n ],\n [\n -84.29015043122145,\n 46.28314472135693\n ],\n [\n -84.29015043122145,\n 49.322654990120384\n ],\n [\n -92.64404051195237,\n 49.322654990120384\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"125","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64acae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shoesmith, John A.","contributorId":7653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoesmith","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31950,"text":"ofr9616 - 1996 - Geologic map of the Hamilton Buttes Quadrangle, southern Cascade Range, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:15","indexId":"ofr9616","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-16","title":"Geologic map of the Hamilton Buttes Quadrangle, southern Cascade Range, Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9616","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D.A., 1996, Geologic map of the Hamilton Buttes Quadrangle, southern Cascade Range, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-16, 29 p., 2 over-size sheets. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9616.","productDescription":"29 p., 2 over-size sheets. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108963,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18565.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18565"},{"id":161106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0016/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60103,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db69840a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":68016,"text":"ha694E - 1996 - Distribution of oil and natural-gas wells in relation to ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada and Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-07T11:03:06","indexId":"ha694E","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"694","chapter":"E","title":"Distribution of oil and natural-gas wells in relation to ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada and Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"This map publication is one of several in a series concerning various aspects of the ground-water hydrology of the Great Basin in Nevada, Utah, and adjacent States. One report in the series describes the hydrogeologic framework of the Great Basin (Plume and Carlton, 1988). Another shows the ground-water levels for the aquifer systems of the Great Basin (Thomas and others, 1986). A third report in the series describes the regional ground-water flow patterns in the Great Basin (Harrill and others, 1988).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ha694E","isbn":"0607861118","usgsCitation":"Schaefer, D.H., 1996, Distribution of oil and natural-gas wells in relation to ground-water flow systems in the Great Basin region of Nevada and Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 694, 41.13 x 40.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha694E.","productDescription":"41.13 x 40.54 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330825,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/694e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -114.86206054687499,\n 34.867904962568716\n ],\n [\n -113.983154296875,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -111.24755859375,\n 40.136890695345905\n ],\n [\n -111.060791015625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 42.24478535602799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db6407e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaefer, Donald H.","contributorId":77507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33162,"text":"b2155 - 1996 - Chronology of Late Cretaceous igneous and hydrothermal events at the Golden Sunlight gold-silver breccia pipe, southwestern Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:21","indexId":"b2155","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2155","title":"Chronology of Late Cretaceous igneous and hydrothermal events at the Golden Sunlight gold-silver breccia pipe, southwestern Montana","docAbstract":"Gold mineralization at the Golden Sunlight breccia pipe, southwestern Montana, is related to emplacement of Late Cretaceous alkali-calcic rhyolite and subsequent collapse of the Belt Supergroup wallrock and rhyolite in the pipe. The pipe is inferred to grade downward into an alkalic porphyry molybdenum system. The pipe is cut by alkalic to sub-alkalic lamprophyre dikes and sills, which locally contain high-grade gold where emplaced along late shear zones and vein systems. Determination of the emplacement age of the rhyolite is hampered by inherited lead or inherited Late Archean zircon from the source region of the rhyolite. An emplacement age of about 80 Ma for the rhyolite can be inferred if a basement age of 2,600 Ma is assumed. This Late Archean age is in agreement with basement ages determined in many parts of southwestern Montana. A 206 Pb- 238 U whole-rock date of 84 ? 18 Ma from altered and mineralized Belt Supergroup strata and rhyolite in the breccia pipe indicates hydrothermal alteration related to gold mineralization in Late Cretaceous time. Although sericite is a relatively widespread hydrothermal mineral, attempts to date the very fine grained material by the 40 Ar- 39 Ar method did not provide a spectra that could be interpreted unambiguously. A 40 Ar- 39 Ar plateau date of 76.9 ? 0.5 Ma from biotite phenocrysts in the lamprophyre indciates intrusion of mafic magma and attendant CO 2 metasomatism in the Late Cretaceous. Fission-track data from zircon in the rhyolite are permissive of slow uplift of the Belt Supergroup strata, 1U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225. 2Golden Sunlight Mines, Inc., 453 MT Highway 2 East, Whitehall, MT 59759. rhyolite, and lamprophyre between 55 and 50 Ma, but the data are not definitive. Rhyolitic welded tuff in the informally named units 7, 9, and 11 of the Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics is most similar in chemistry and age to the rhyolite at the Golden Sunlight mine. Trachybasalt in the Adel Mountains Volcanics and andesitic basalt in the informally named unit 8 of the Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics are the most analogous in chemistry and age to lamprophyres at the mine. The rhyolitic rocks appear to be derived from deep crustal sources, but data for the lamprophyres and mafic rocks in the Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics indicate that they were derived from the mantle.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b2155","usgsCitation":"DeWitt, E., Foord, E.E., Zartman, R.E., Pearson, R.C., and Foster, F., 1996, Chronology of Late Cretaceous igneous and hydrothermal events at the Golden Sunlight gold-silver breccia pipe, southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2155, iv, 48 p. ill, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2155.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. ill, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3349,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2155/b2155.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":163572,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2155/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60974,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2155/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e4c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, Eugene E.","contributorId":96319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zartman, Robert E.","contributorId":47356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zartman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pearson, Robert C.","contributorId":83177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, Fess","contributorId":94308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Fess","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33122,"text":"b1995MNO - 1996 - Age of the Lospe Formation (early Miocene) and origin of the Santa Maria Basin, California. Petroleum source potential and thermal maturity of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene) near Point Sal, onshore Santa Maria Basin, California. Obispo Formation, California; remobilized pyroclastic material","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33122,"text":"b1995MNO - 1996 - Age of the Lospe Formation (early Miocene) and origin of the Santa Maria Basin, California. Petroleum source potential and thermal maturity of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene) near Point Sal, onshore Santa Maria Basin, California. Obispo Formation, California; remobilized pyroclastic material","indexId":"b1995MNO","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"M,N,O","title":"Age of the Lospe Formation (early Miocene) and origin of the Santa Maria Basin, California. Petroleum source potential and thermal maturity of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene) near Point Sal, onshore Santa Maria Basin, California. Obispo Formation, California; remobilized pyroclastic material"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33200,"text":"b1995 - 1991 - Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province","indexId":"b1995","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins/onshore oil and gas investigations: Santa Maria Province"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-24T20:18:29.261176","indexId":"b1995MNO","displayToPublicDate":"1996-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1995","chapter":"M,N,O","title":"Age of the Lospe Formation (early Miocene) and origin of the Santa Maria Basin, California. Petroleum source potential and thermal maturity of the Lospe Formation (lower Miocene) near Point Sal, onshore Santa Maria Basin, California. Obispo Formation, California; remobilized pyroclastic material","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.67.6.19","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Mendoza, C., 1996, Rapid derivation of rupture history for large earthquakes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 67, no. 6, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.67.6.19.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94cce4b0c8380cd8160e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}