Under present climate conditions, convection at high latitudes of the North Pacific is restricted to shallower depths than in the North Atlantic. To what extent this asymmetry between the two ocean basins was maintained over the past 20 kyr is poorly known because there are few unambiguous proxy records of ventilation from the North Pacific. We present new data for two sediment cores from the California margin at 800 and 1600 m depth to argue that the depth of ventilation shifted repeatedly in the northeast Pacific over the course of deglaciation. The evidence includes benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca, 18O/16O, and 13C/12C data as well as radiocarbon age differences between benthic and planktonic foraminifera. A number of features in the shallower of the two cores, including an interval of laminated sediments, are consistent with changes in ventilation over the past 20 kyr suggested by alternations between laminated and bioturbated sediments in the Santa Barbara Basin and the Gulf of California [Keigwin and Jones, 1990; Kennett and Ingram, 1995; Behl and Kennett, 1996]. Data from the deeper of the two California margin cores suggest that during times of reduced ventilation at 800 m, ventilation was enhanced at 1600 m depth, and vice versa. This pronounced depth dependence of ventilation needs to be taken into account when exploring potential teleconnections between the North Pacific and the North Atlantic.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96PA01860","issn":"08838305","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., Fairbanks, R., Dartnell, P., McGann, M., Gardner, J., and Kashgarian, M., 1996, Ventilation changes in the northeast Pacific during the last deglaciation: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, v. 11, no. 5, p. 519-528, https://doi.org/10.1029/96PA01860.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"528","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc203e4b08c986b32a8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fairbanks, R.G.","contributorId":13765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairbanks","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dartnell, P.","contributorId":60797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGann, M. 0000-0002-3057-2945","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":49125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kashgarian, Michaele","contributorId":68473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashgarian","given":"Michaele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70017713,"text":"70017713 - 1996 - Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a great plains flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:16:12.986115","indexId":"70017713","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a great plains flood","docAbstract":"Streams in the plains of eastern Colorado are prone to intense floods following summer thunderstorms. Here, and in other semiarid and arid regions, channel recovery after a flood may take several decades. As a result, flood history strongly influences spatial and temporal variability in bottomland vegetation. Interpretation of these patterns must be based on understanding the long—term response of bottomland morphology and vegetation to specific floods. A major flood in 1965 on Plum Creek, a perennial sandbed stream, removed most of the bottomland vegetation and transformed the single—thread stream into a wider, braided channel. Channel narrowing began in 1973 and continues today. In 1991, we determined occurrences of 150 vascular plant species in 341 plots (0.5 m2) along a 7—km reach of Plum Creek near Louviers, Colorado. We related patterns of vegetation to elevation, litter cover, vegetative cover, sediment particle size, shade, and year of formation of the underlying surface (based on age of the excavated root flare of the oldest woody plants). Geomorphic investigation determined that Plum Creek fluvial surfaces sort into five groups by year of formation: terraces of fine sand formed before 1965; terraces of coarse sand deposited by the 1965 flood; stable bars formed by channel narrowing during periods of relatively high bed level (1973—1986); stable bars similarly formed during a recent period of low bed level (1987—1990); and the present channel bed (1991). Canonical correspondence analysis indicates a strong influence of elevation and litter cover, and lesser effects of vegetative cover, shade, and sediment particle size. However, the sum of all canonical eigenvalues explained by these factors is less than that explained by an analysis including only the dummy variables that define the five geomorphically determined age groups. The effect of age group is significant even when all five other environmental variables are specified as covariables. Therefore, the process of postflood channel narrowing has a dominant influence on vegetation pattern. Channel narrowing at Plum Creek includes a successional process: annual and perennial plants become established on the channel bed, sediment accretes around the vegetation, and increasing litter cover, shade, and scarcity of water eliminate species that are not rhizomatous perennials. However, successional trajectories of individual surfaces are modified by flow—related fluctuations of the bed level; surfaces deposited by the 1965 flood have had distinct sediment and vegetation since their formation. Species richness is highest on surfaces dating to 1987—1990; the many species restricted to this transitory assemblage are perpetuated by flood—related fluctuations in channel width. Since the 1965 flood, seedling establishment of the dominant trees (genus Populus) has occurred only on low surfaces formed during channel narrowing. Thus, the flood has indirectly promoted Populus establishment over a 26—yr period.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2265710","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., Osterkamp, W.R., and Lewis, W.M., 1996, Channel narrowing and vegetation development following a great plains flood: Ecology, v. 77, no. 7, p. 2167-2181, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265710.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2167","endPage":"2181","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228527,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f459e4b0c8380cd4bc9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, William M. Jr.","contributorId":189849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":6702,"text":"fs11096 - 1996 - Occurrence of nitrate in ground water in the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:29:58","indexId":"fs11096","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1996–0110","title":"Occurrence of nitrate in ground water in the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–95","docAbstract":"Nitrogen-based fertilizers are used extensively in the White River Basin. Water samples were collected for nitrate analysis from 103 monitoring wells in four networks in the basin. Ninety-four \"shallow\" wells were screened near the top of the uppermost aquifer encountered; the remaining 9 wells were paired with shallow wells but screened 18 to 45 feet deeper. Samples from 6.4 percent of the shallow wells exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Level of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Elevated nitrate concentrations (higher than 3 mg/L) were common in unconfined, permeable deposits underlying agricultural areas; nitrate concentrations decreased with depth in these deposits. Low nitrate concentrations (less than 0.05 mg/L) were found in aquifers confined by clay-rich tills that retard downward movement of nitrate and oxygen into the ground water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs11096","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.C., and Fenelon, J.M., 1996, Occurrence of nitrate in ground water in the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–95: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–0110, Document: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs11096.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0110/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":34099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0110/fs19960110.pdf","text":"Report","size":"618 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-0110"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -84.81994628906249,\n 40.17467622056341\n ],\n [\n -84.8309326171875,\n 40.24808787647333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort, involving a number of agencies, to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the agencies, provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program. The USGS began their ow program, called the South Florida Ecosystem Program, in fiscal year 1995 for the purpose of gathering hydrologic, cartographic, and geologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
As part of the South Florida Ecosystem Program, the USGS, in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), has conducted a study to determine discharge ratings for 16 coastal hydraulic control structures in eastern Dade County, Fla. Discharge data are needed to quantify water that can be made available for water supply and ecosystem restoration and to calibrate regional hydrologic models.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs12396","usgsCitation":"Kapadia, A., and Swain, E.D., 1996, South Florida Ecosystem Program: Quantifying freshwater discharge for coastal hydraulic control structures in eastern Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 123-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs12396.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139766,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs12396.jpg"},{"id":285404,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0123-96/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.79 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-123"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.7503,25.0989 ], [ -80.7503,25.9794 ], [ -80.063,25.9794 ], [ -80.063,25.0989 ], [ -80.7503,25.0989 ] ] ] } } ] }","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The Florida Everglades is a vast, diverse wetland ecosystem characterized by small ground-surface slopes, slowly moving surface waters, and dense aquatic vegetation. Both submersed and emergent vegetation are found in sawgrass and cattail marshes, wet prairies, and sloughs. The south Florida ecosystem has been greatly altered during the last 100 years. A complex water-management system that includes levees, canals, pumps, and water-control structures now regulates flooding and provides a steady supply of fresh water to urban areas and agriculture. Drainage projects have diverted much of the water that originally flowed slowly southward from Lake Okeechobee through the Everglades. Restoration and management of the Everglades ecosystem requires understanding and manipulating the amount and timing of water flows throughout the ecosystem.
The spatial and temporal distribution of water and water-borne contaminants in the Everglades must be understood if degradation of the ecosystem is to be halted and reversed. To understand how water moves through the Everglades, it is necessary to quantify the forces affecting the flow. The resistance exerted on the flow by the vegetation through which the water moves is one of the dominant but least understood forces affecting Everglades surface-water flows.
The aquatic vegetation of the Everglades affects both the depth of water and the rate at which it moves. The presence of living and dead plant material in the water column creates drag forces on the moving water. Water flows most slowly and the water-surface slope is largest in areas where vegetation is most dense.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs14796","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Vegetation affects water movement in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 147-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14796.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32060,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0147/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 147-96"},{"id":123078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0147/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b00N","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Klett, T., Richardson, M., and Breit, G.N., 1996, Geochemistry of two interbeds in the Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation, Utah and Colorado: A record of deposition and diagenesis of repetitive cycles in a marine basin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2000, iv, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b00N.","productDescription":"iv, 86 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22255.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":60887,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000n/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2000n/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Pennsylvanian Paradox Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.530,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -110.530,\n 36.842\n ],\n [\n -108.0920,\n 36.842\n ],\n [\n -108.0920,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -110.530,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa15b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M. 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","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/anae.1996.0038","usgsCitation":"Mormile, M.R., and Suflita, J.M., 1996, The toxicity of selected gasoline components to glucose methanogenesis by aquifer microorganisms: Anaerobe, v. 2, no. 5, p. 299-303, https://doi.org/10.1006/anae.1996.0038.","productDescription":"5 p. ","startPage":"299","endPage":"303","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337850,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1de4b0236b68f67387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mormile, Melanie R.","contributorId":187688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mormile","given":"Melanie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Suflita, Joseph M.","contributorId":187604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suflita","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":64701,"text":"i2430 - 1996 - Geologic map of the west border of the San Joaquin Valley in the Panoche Creek-Cantua Creek area, Fresno and San Benito counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:00","indexId":"i2430","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2430","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic map of the west border of the San Joaquin Valley in the Panoche Creek-Cantua Creek area, Fresno and San Benito counties, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2430","isbn":"060786074X","usgsCitation":"Bartow, J., 1996, Geologic map of the west border of the San Joaquin Valley in the Panoche Creek-Cantua Creek area, Fresno and San Benito counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2430, 1 map :col. ;83 x 69 cm., on sheet 99 x 117 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2430.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;83 x 69 cm., on sheet 99 x 117 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108315,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13036.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13036"},{"id":187213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"50000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.75,36.3675 ], [ -120.75,36.75 ], [ -120.36749999999999,36.75 ], [ -120.36749999999999,36.3675 ], [ -120.75,36.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6887e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartow, J. A.","contributorId":16389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":58554,"text":"mf2155F - 1996 - Maps showing the resource assessment of the Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula with a section on geology of the Pyramid porphyry copper deposit, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-13T19:10:09.813571","indexId":"mf2155F","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2155","chapter":"F","title":"Maps showing the resource assessment of the Port Moller, Stepovak Bay, and Simeonof Island quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula with a section on geology of the Pyramid porphyry copper deposit, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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Three new formations of Paleozoic age are named and described; they include graptolitiferous argillaceous rocks, sandstones, and limestones of the Dillinger Terrane. The structure and tectonics of the mapped area arc also discussed. Ninety-five species of Ordovician and Silurian graptolites, including four new species, are described and illustrated. The faunal succession is divided into nine Ordovician and ten Silurian biostratigraphic zones and is correlated with graptolite faunas found elsewhere.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1555","usgsCitation":"Churkin, M., and Carter, C., 1996, Stratigraphy, structure, and graptolites of an Ordovician and Silurian sequence in the Terra Cotta Mountains, Alaska Range, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1555, 84 p.; 4 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1555.","productDescription":"84 p.; 4 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104678,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4927.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4927"},{"id":126541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1555/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1555/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64607,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1555/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64608,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1555/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64609,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1555/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64610,"rank":403,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1555/plate-4.pdf","text":"Tables 1, 2, and 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a5302","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Churkin, Michael Jr.","contributorId":62566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Churkin","given":"Michael","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Claire","contributorId":88336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Claire","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018143,"text":"70018143 - 1996 - Mesoscale variability of the Upper Colorado River snowpack","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T15:27:06.726259","indexId":"70018143","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5426,"text":"Hydrology Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mesoscale variability of the Upper Colorado River snowpack","docAbstract":"In the mountainous regions of the Upper Colorado River Basin, snow course observations give local measurements of snow water equivalent, which can be used to estimate regional averages of snow conditions. We develop a statistical technique to estimate the mesoscale average snow accumulation, using 8 years of snow course observations. For each of three major snow accumulation regions in the Upper Colorado River Basin – the Colorado Rocky Mountains, Colorado, the Uinta Mountains, Utah, and the Wind River Range, Wyoming – the snow course observations yield a correlation length scale of 38 km, 46 km, and 116 km respectively. This is the scale for which the snow course data at different sites are correlated with 70 per cent correlation. This correlation of snow accumulation over large distances allows for the estimation of the snow water equivalent on a mesoscale basis. With the snow course data binned into 1/4° latitude by 1/4° longitude pixels, an error analysis shows the following: for no snow course data in a given pixel, the uncertainty in the water equivalent estimate reaches 50 cm; that is, the climatological variability. However, as the number of snow courses in a pixel increases the uncertainty decreases, and approaches 5-10 cm when there are five snow courses in a pixel.
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research on tidewater glaciers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"fs09196","displayToPublicDate":"1996-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"091-96","title":"Columbia Glacier, Alaska; research on tidewater glaciers","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs09196","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 1996, Columbia Glacier, Alaska; research on tidewater glaciers: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 091-96, 4 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09196.","productDescription":"4 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. ill., map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0091/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31806,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0091/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27920,"text":"wri954015 - 1996 - Joint US Geological Survey, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194939,"text":"70194939 - 1996 - Water-vapor movement through unsaturated alluvium in Amargosa Desert near Beatty, Nevada - Current understanding and continuing studies: A section in Joint US Geological Survey, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings (WRI 95-4015)","indexId":"70194939","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"displayTitle":"Water-vapor movement through unsaturated alluvium in Amargosa Desert near Beatty, Nevada - Current understanding and continuing studies: A section in Joint US Geological Survey, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; Proceedings (WRI 95-4015)","title":"Water-vapor movement through unsaturated alluvium in Amargosa Desert near Beatty, Nevada - Current understanding and continuing studies: A section in Joint US Geological Survey, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission workshop on research related to low-level radioactive waste disposal, May 4-6, 1993, National Center, Reston, Virginia; 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The objective of the workshop was to provide a forum for exchange of information, ideas, and technology in the geosciences dealing with LLW disposal. This workshop was the first joint activity under the Memorandum of Understanding between the USGS and NRC's Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research signed in April 1992.
Participants included invited speakers from the USGS, NRC technical contractors (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Laboratories and universities) and NRC staff for presentation of research study results related to LLW disposal. Also in attendance were scientists from the DOE, DOE National Laboratories, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, State developmental and regulatory agencies involved in LLW disposal facility siting and licensing, Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL), private industry, Agricultural Research Service, universities, USGS and NRC.
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3321 College Avenue
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The first Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Mapping Workshop was held in the historic village of Lakta on the outskirts of St. Petersburg, Russia, March 21-25, 1994. The primary goals of the workshop were to: (1) review the status of arctic vegetation mapping in the circumpolar countries and (2) develop a strategy for synthesizing and updating the existing information into a new series of maps that portray the current state of knowledge. Such products are important for a number of purposes, such as the international effort to understand the consequences of global change in Arctic regions, to predict the direction of future changes, and for informed planning of resource development in the Arctic.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96251","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Walker, D.A., and Markon, C., 1996, Circumpolar Arctic vegetation mapping workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-251, v, 143 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96251.","productDescription":"v, 143 p.","numberOfPages":"151","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672ccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, D. A.","contributorId":57489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markon, C. J.","contributorId":66729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}