The occurrence and geographic distribution of major metals and trace elements was assessed in the lower Kansas River Basin of Kansas and Nebraska by studying the concentrations of metals and nonmetallic elements in the less-than 63-micrometer-sized fraction of streambedsediment samples from 422 sites on first- and second-order streams. Median concentrations were the same order of magnitude as the geometric mean concentrations in soils of the western United States. Either threshold concentrations or upper percentile classes (greater than 50 percent of concentrations) were determined for 14 metals, arsenic, and phosphorus. Threshold concentrations were determined as the point that the slope of a normal-probability plot increases, indicating data from two different populations. Samples with a concentration greater than the threshold concentration indicated possible enrichment with respect to that particular element. Concentrations of the transition metals, which included chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, and vanadium, generally were larger in the southeastern part of the study unit where Permian and Pennsylvanian shale and limestone predominate.
The largest concentrations of the alkali metals, potassium and sodium, mainly were in the northwestern part of the study unit, which is an area of Quaternary loess deposits irrigated with ground water. Large concentrations of the alkaline-earth metal, barium, also were in the northwestern part of the study unit. Concentrations of the other alkaline-earth metals, calcium, magnesium, and strontium, were larger in the southern part of the basin, which is underlain by Permian and Pennsylvanian shale and limestone. The largest concentrations of arsenic and lead were mainly in the southeastern part of the study unit, an area of Permian and Pennsylvanian shale. Large concentrations of phosphorus in the northwestern part of the study unit probably were due to runoff from irrigated agricultural lands.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944196","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Tanner, D.Q., and Ryder, J.L., 1996, Surface-water-quality assessment of the lower Kansas River basin, Kansas and Nebraska: Selected metals, arsenic, and phosphorus in streambed sediments of first- and second-order streams, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4196, Report: iv, 13 p.; 4 Plates: 37.31 x 30.56 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944196.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; 4 Plates: 37.31 x 30.56 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58878,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354839,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354836,"rank":1,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":354838,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":354837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4196/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410397,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48069.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99,\n 38.6167\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 38.6167\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 41.2667\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 41.2667\n ],\n [\n -99,\n 38.6167\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbb6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanner, D. Q.","contributorId":73224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryder, J. L.","contributorId":30997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29970,"text":"wri954107 - 1996 - The effect of discharge and water quality of the Alafia River, Hillsborough River, and the Tampa Bypass Canal on nutrient loading to Hillsborough Bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri954107","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4107","title":"The effect of discharge and water quality of the Alafia River, Hillsborough River, and the Tampa Bypass Canal on nutrient loading to Hillsborough Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Techniques to measure discharge and nutrient loads in the tidally affected portions of two major rivers tributary to Tampa Bay, the Alafia River and the Hillsborough River, were developed and tested. Discharge, water quality, and total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads for the period April 1, 1991, through March 31, 1992, were evaluated and compared with discharge,water quality, and loads at long-term, nontidal gages in the basins. Long-term discharge and water-quality characteristics at selected sites in the Alafia river and Hillsborough River basins were evaluated. A long-term, decreasing trend in annual-mean discharge was observed for discharges at the Alafia River, Sulphur Springs, and Hillsborough River. Low-flow and high-flow characteristics in the Alafia River and Hillsborough River have changed as well. The decreasing trend in the Alafia River discharges is not due to deficient rainfall but probably is due to decreased ground-water inflow to the river because of long-term declines in the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Daily-mean discharges at the mouth of the Alafia River were more variable than discharges at the long-term gage upstream. Daily-mean discharge near the mouth of the river was negative at times, indicating a net loss of water from the river. Daily-mean discharge from the Hillsborough River was minimal from Apil to May 1991, and from late September 1991 to March 1992. During these periods, discharge from Sulphur Springs was a major source of freshwater to the tidally affected reach of the river. Concentrations of total phosphorus and orthophosphorus in the Alafia River above Lithia Springs were the greatest in the 1960's and have generally declined since then. Total nitrogen concentrations have been declining since about 1981. However, increases in nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen concentrations are occurring in Lithia Springs, a second-magnitude spring that flows into the Alafia River. Specific conductance of water discharging from Sulphur Springs to the Hillsborough River has increased from about 124 to more than 2,000 microsiemens per centimeter since 1945. Water quality at the mouth of the Alafia River and Hillsborough River is the result of mixing of freshwater and estuarine water from Hillsborough Bay. Large daily variations in water quality occur at these site because of tidal currents, and vertical stratification of specific conductance is a common feature. Concentrations of phosphorus, nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, organic carbon, and silica are inversely related to specific conductance at the mouth of the Alafia River. Constituent concentration and discharge data were used to compute loads during the study period. Average daily phosphorus loads were 2.4 tons per day at the mouth of the Alafia River; 0.35 ton per day at the mouth of the Hillsborough River; and 0.06 ton per day at the Tampa Bypass Canal. Average daily nitrogen loads were 1.7 tons per day at the mouth of the Alafia River; 0.86 ton per day at the mouth of the Hillsborough River; and 0.26 ton per day at the Tampa Bypass Canal. The greatest annual loads of phosphorus and nitrogen from the major tributaries to Hillsborough Bay are from the Alafia River, with the greatest loads at the river mouth. Total phosphorus load from the Alafia River was about 894 tons during April 1991 through March 1992, more than six times greater than phosphorus loads form the Hillsborough River. Annual total nitrogen load at the mouth of the Alafia River was about 630 tons, two times greater than at the mouth of the Hillsborough River and more than six times greater than loads from the Tampa Bypass Canal. Basinwide yields of total phosphorus during April 1991 through March 1992 were about 2 tons per square mile at the mouth of the Alafia river basin and were about 0.2 ton per square mile at the mouth of the Hillsborough River. Total nitrogen yield was about 1.5 tons per square mile at the mouth of the Alafia River and about 0.5 ton per s","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954107","usgsCitation":"Stoker, Y., Levesque, V., and Woodham, W.M., 1996, The effect of discharge and water quality of the Alafia River, Hillsborough River, and the Tampa Bypass Canal on nutrient loading to Hillsborough Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4107, v, 69 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954107.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58782,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b1b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Y.E.","contributorId":13253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Y.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levesque, V.A.","contributorId":56268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levesque","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodham, W. M.","contributorId":72356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodham","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29969,"text":"wri954167 - 1996 - Discharge, water-quality characteristics, and nutrient loads from McKay Bay, Delaney Creek, and East Bay, Tampa, Florida, 1991-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri954167","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4167","title":"Discharge, water-quality characteristics, and nutrient loads from McKay Bay, Delaney Creek, and East Bay, Tampa, Florida, 1991-1993","docAbstract":"Nutrient enrichment in Tampa Bay has caused a decline in water quality in the estuary. Efforts to reduce the nutrient loading to Tampa Bay have resulted in improvement in water quality from 1981 to 1991. However, Tampa Bay still is onsidered enriched with nutrients. Water quality in East Bay (located at the northeastern part of Hillsborough Bay, which is an embayment in Tampa Bay) is not improving at the same rate as the rest of the bay. East Bay is the center of shipping activity in Tampa Bay and the seventh largest port in the United States. One of the primary cargoes is phosphate ore and related products such as fertilizer. The potential for nutrient loading to East Bay from shipping activities is high and has not previously been measured. Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from East Bay to Hillsborough Bay were measured during selected time periods during June 1992 through May 1993; these data were used to estimate seasonal and annual loads. These loads were evaluated to determine whether the loss of fertilizer products from shipping activities resulted in increased nutrient loading to Hillsborough Bay. Discharge was measured, and water-quality samples were collected at the head of East Bay (exiting McKay Bay), and at the mouth of East Bay. Discharge and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations for the period June 1992 through May 1993 were used to compute loads. Discharges from McKay Bay, Delaney Creek, and East Bay are highly variable because of the effect of tide. Flow patterns during discharge measurements generally were unidirectional in McKay Bay and Delaney Creek, but more complex, bidirectional patterns were observed at the mouth of East Bay. Tidally affected discharge data were digitally filtered with the Godin filter to remove the effects of tide so that residual, or net, discharge could be determined. Daily mean discharge from McKay Bay ranged from -1,900 to 2,420 cubic feet per second; from Delaney Creek, -3.8 to 162 cubic feet per second; and from East Bay, -437 to 3,780 cubic feet per second. Water quality in McKay Bay, Delaney Creek, and East Bay varies vertically, areally, and seasonally. Specific conductance and concentrations of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen were greater near the bottom than near the surface at the head and mouth of East Bay. Concentrations of total nitrogen and ammonia plus organic nitrogen generally were greater at the head of East Bay than at the mouth, indicating that McKay Bay is the primary source of nitrogen to East Bay. Concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, orthophosphorus, and suspended solids and values of turbidity and specific conductance generally were greater at the mouth of East Bay than at the head. The greatest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were measured in Delaney Creek. In East Bay and McKay Bay, the greatest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia plus organic nitrogen occurred in summer, whereas turbidity, specific conductance, and concentrations of suspended solids were greater in winter. The greatest daily mean loads from McKay Bay and East Bay occurred in late June 1992 and April and May 1993 and coincided with periods of daily mean discharge greater than about 2,000 cubic feet per second. Although concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were greater in Delaney Creek than in McKay Bay and East Bay, loads were minimal because of minimal discharges from Delaney Creek. Monthly loads of total nitrogen ranged from about 20 tons to about 83 tons at McKay Bay; from about 1 ton to 4.2 tons at Delaney Creek; and from about 17 tons to 76 tons at the mouth of East Bay. Monthly loads of phosphorus ranged from about 11 tons to about 45 tons at McKay Bay; from about 0.62 ton to 2.6 tons at Delaney Creek; and from about 10 tons to about 45 tons at the mouth of East Bay. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus loads from the basin draining directly to East Bay (excluding loads from the McKa","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954167","usgsCitation":"Stoker, Y., Levesque, V., and Fritz, E., 1996, Discharge, water-quality characteristics, and nutrient loads from McKay Bay, Delaney Creek, and East Bay, Tampa, Florida, 1991-1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4167, v, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954167.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954167","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4167.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64a9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoker, Y.E.","contributorId":13253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Y.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levesque, V.A.","contributorId":56268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levesque","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritz, E.M.","contributorId":26337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":60637,"text":"mf1835I - 1996 - Maps showing thickness and limestone-dolostone ratios of selected Paleozoic carbonate units in the northern Midcontinent, U.S.A.; folio of the northern Midcontinent area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-28T21:28:56.618216","indexId":"mf1835I","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1835","chapter":"I","title":"Maps showing thickness and limestone-dolostone ratios of selected Paleozoic carbonate units in the northern Midcontinent, U.S.A.; folio of the northern Midcontinent area","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1835I","usgsCitation":"Pratt, W.P., and Wandrey, C., 1996, Maps showing thickness and limestone-dolostone ratios of selected Paleozoic carbonate units in the northern Midcontinent, U.S.A.; folio of the northern Midcontinent area: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1835, Report: 10 p.; 3 Plates: 41.99 x 56.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1835I.","productDescription":"Report: 10 p.; 3 Plates: 41.99 x 56.30 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369052,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1835-I/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369051,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1835-I/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1835-I/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":369048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1835-I/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180521,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1835-I/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Midcontinent","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100,36 ], [ -100,46 ], [ -88,46 ], [ -88,36 ], [ -100,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606364","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, W. P. (compiler)","contributorId":43621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"W.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandrey, C. J.","contributorId":99578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandrey","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23759,"text":"ofr95282 - 1996 - Contamination of ground water, surface water, and soil, and evaluation of selected ground-water pumping alternatives in the Canal Creek area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-28T19:42:35.141759","indexId":"ofr95282","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-282","title":"Contamination of ground water, surface water, and soil, and evaluation of selected ground-water pumping alternatives in the Canal Creek area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Chemical manufacturing, munitions filling, and other military-support activities have resulted in the contamination of ground water, surface water, and soil in the Canal Creek area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. Chlorinated volatile organic compounds, including 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and trichloroethylene, are widespread ground-water contaminants in two aquifers that are composed of unconsolidated sand and gravel. Distribution and fate of chlorinated organic compounds in the ground water has been affected by the movement and dissolution of solvents in their dense immiscible phase and by microbial degradation under anaerobic conditions. Detection of volatile organic contaminants in adjacent surface water indicates that shallow contaminated ground water discharges to surface water. Semivolatile organic compounds, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are the most prevalent organic contaminants in soils. Various trace elements, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc, were found in elevated concentrations in ground water, surface water, and soil. Simulations with a ground-water-flow model and particle tracker postprocessor show that, without remedial pumpage, the contaminants will eventually migrate to Canal Creek and Gunpowder River. Simulations indicate that remedial pumpage of 2.0 million gallons per day from existing wells is needed to capture all particles originating in the contaminant plumes. Simulated pumpage from offsite wells screened in a lower confined aquifer does not affect the flow of contaminated ground water in the Canal Creek area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95282","usgsCitation":"Lorah, M.M., and Clark, J.S., 1996, Contamination of ground water, surface water, and soil, and evaluation of selected ground-water pumping alternatives in the Canal Creek area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-282, xvi, 318 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95282.","productDescription":"xvi, 318 p.","numberOfPages":"334","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":52990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0282/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.317,\n 39.411\n ],\n [\n -76.317,\n 39.383\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 39.383\n ],\n [\n -76.267,\n 39.411\n ],\n [\n -76.317,\n 39.411\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorah, Michelle M. 0000-0002-9236-587X mmlorah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-587X","contributorId":1437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorah","given":"Michelle","email":"mmlorah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":190666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":85222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28566,"text":"wri954084 - 1996 - National water quality assessment of the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit — Water withdrawals and treated wastewater discharges, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-20T21:37:35.211712","indexId":"wri954084","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4084","title":"National water quality assessment of the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit — Water withdrawals and treated wastewater discharges, 1990","docAbstract":"The Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit covers nearly 62,600 square miles along the southeastern United States coast in Georgia and Florida. In 1990, the estimated population of the study unit was 9.3 million, and included all or part of the cities of Atlanta, Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa, and St. Petersburg. Estimated freshwater withdrawn in the study unit in 1990 was nearly 5,075 million gallons per day. Ground-water accounted for more than 57 percent of the water withdrawn during 1990 and the Floridan aquifer system provided nearly 91 percent of the total ground-water withdrawn. Surface-water accounted for nearly 43 percent of the water withdrawn in the study unit in 1990 with large amounts of withdrawals from the Altamaha River, Hillsborough River, the Ocmulgee River, the Oconee River, the St. Johns River, and the Suwannee River. Water withdrawn for public supply in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit in 1990 totaled 1,139 million gallons per day, of which 83 percent was ground water and 17 percent was surface water. Self-supplied domestic withdrawals in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit in 1990 totaled nearly 230 million gallons per day. Ground water supplied over 80 percent of the study units population for drining water purposes; nearly 5.8 million people were served by public supply and 1.8 million people were served by self-supplied systems. Water withdrawn for self-supplied domestic use in Georgia and Florida is derived almost exclusively from ground water, primarily because this source can provide the quantity and quality of water needed for drinking purposes. Nearly 1.7 million people served by public supply utilized surface water for their drinking water needs. Water withdrawn for self-supplied commercial-industrial uses in the study unit in 1990 totaled 862 million gallons per day, of which 93 percent was ground water and 7 percent was surface water. Water withdrawn for agriculture purposes in the study unit in 1990 totaled 1,293 million gallons per day, of which 69 percent was ground water and 31 percent was surface water. An estimated 1.254 millon acres were irrigated within the study unit during 1990. Water withdrawn for thermoelectric power generation in the study unit in 1990 totaled 1,552 million gallons per day, of which 99 percent was surface water and 1 percent was ground water. An additional 6,919 million gallons per day of saline surface water were withdrawn for thermoelectric power generation in 1990, solely for cooling purposes. Treated wastewater discharged within the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit totaled nearly 1,187 million gallons per day in 1990. Of the total water discharged, 58 percent was discharged directly into surface water and the remaining 42 percent was discharged to ground water (through drain fields, injection wells, percolation ponds or spray fields). Domestic wastewater facilities discharged in the study unit totaled nearly 789 million gallons per day, industrial wastewater facilities discharged 213 million gallons per day, and releases from septic tanks was estimated at 185 million gallons per day. 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A total of 181 forms were returned and 112 agencies indicated that they use streamflow data. The responses show that streamflow data from the Iowa USGS stream-gaging network, which in 1996 is composed of 117 stations, are used by many agencies for many purposes and that many stations provide streamflow data that fulfill a variety of joint purposes. The median number of respondents per station that use data from the station was 6 and the median number of data-use categories indicated per station was 9. The survey results can be used by agencies that fund the Iowa USGS stream-gaging network to help them decide which stations to continue to support if it becomes necessary to reduce the size of the stream-gaging network.
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Geological Survey in Utah, October 1, 1993, to September 30, 1994","docAbstract":"This report contains summaries of the progress of water-resources studies in Utah by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Utah District, from October 1, 1993, to September 30, 1994. The water-resources program in Utah during this period consisted of 21 projects; a discussion of each project is presented in the main body of this report.
The following sections outline the origin of the U.S. Geological Survey, the basic mission of the Water Resources Division, the organizational structure of the Utah District, office addresses of the Utah District, the distribution of District funding in terms of source of funds and type of activity funded, and the agencies with which the District cooperates. The last part of the introduction is a list of reports produced by the District from October 1993 to September 1994.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9648","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hostettler, F.D., Pereira, W.E., Kvenvolden, K.A., Jones, D.R., and Murphy, F., 1996, Preliminary geochemical studies of pollutant and natural organic compounds in sediments from Sonoma Baylands; a wetland restoration project in San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-48, 1 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9648.","productDescription":"1 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51499,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay, Sonoma Baylands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 38.24249456800328\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 38.24249456800328\n ],\n [\n -123.02490234375,\n 37.31338308990806\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c33a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, Wilfred E.","contributorId":95552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, David R.","contributorId":75510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23065,"text":"ofr96186 - 1996 - Time-series ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction data, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, January 1991 through September 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr96186","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-186","title":"Time-series ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction data, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, January 1991 through September 1993","docAbstract":"As part of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, a monitoring program was implemented to collect time-series ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction data at Edwards Air Force Base, California. The data presented in this report were collected from 18 piezometers, 3 extensometers, 1 barometer, and 1 rain gage from January 1991 through September 1993. The piezometers and extensometers are at eight sites in the study area. This report discusses the ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction monitoring networks, and presents the recorded data in graphs. The data reported are available in the data base of the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96186","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Freeman, L., 1996, Time-series ground-water-level and aquifer-system compaction data, Edwards Air Force Base, Antelope Valley, California, January 1991 through September 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-186, vi, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96186.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52436,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0186/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b4ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, L.A.","contributorId":86374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22536,"text":"ofr9680A - 1996 - SMSIM : Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr9680A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-80","chapter":"A","title":"SMSIM : Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9680A","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., 1996, SMSIM : Fortran programs for simulating ground motions from earthquakes (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-80, 73 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9680A.","productDescription":"73 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0080a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52034,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0080a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ca5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21979,"text":"ofr9620B - 1996 - Neogene and Quaternary geology of a stratigraphic test hole on Horn Island, Mississippi Sound","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T06:59:20","indexId":"ofr9620B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-20","chapter":"B","title":"Neogene and Quaternary geology of a stratigraphic test hole on Horn Island, Mississippi Sound","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9620B","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Gohn, G., Brewster-Wingard, G., Cronin, T.M., Edwards, L.E., Gibson, T., Rubin, M., and Willard, D., 1996, Neogene and Quaternary geology of a stratigraphic test hole on Horn Island, Mississippi Sound: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-20, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9620B.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":51453,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0020b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0020b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi, Alabama ","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.78910064697266,\n 30.208937975696163\n ],\n [\n -88.57315063476562,\n 30.208937975696163\n ],\n [\n -88.57315063476562,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -88.78910064697266,\n 30.267370168467806\n ],\n [\n -88.78910064697266,\n 30.208937975696163\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gohn, Gregory 0000-0003-2000-479X ggohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-479X","contributorId":219822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory","email":"ggohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. 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G.","contributorId":103702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"T. 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95761","usgsCitation":"Bohn-Buxton, D.E., Buxton, H., and Eagen, V.K., 1996, Simulation of ground-water flow paths and traveltime in relation to tritium and aldicarb concentrations in the upper glacial aquifer on the North Fork, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-761, vi, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95761.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415185,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18552.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0761/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52025,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0761/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Long Island, North Fork","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.692,\n 41.059\n ],\n [\n -72.692,\n 40.889\n ],\n [\n -72.409,\n 40.89\n ],\n [\n -72.409,\n 41.059\n ],\n [\n -72.692,\n 41.059\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f241f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohn-Buxton, D. E.","contributorId":37771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohn-Buxton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buxton, H. T.","contributorId":67873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagen, V. K.","contributorId":20353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagen","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":22586,"text":"ofr96124 - 1996 - Water-Quality Assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Pesticides in a Coastal Prairie Agricultural Area, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:00:19","indexId":"ofr96124","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-124","title":"Water-Quality Assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Pesticides in a Coastal Prairie Agricultural Area, 1994-95","docAbstract":"Agriculture is a major land use in the coastal prairie area located in the southern part of the Trinity River Basin. Crops grown in the area include rice, sorghum, and soybeans. Pesticide- use estimates for the area show that compounds with the highest use are the herbicides: molinate, propanil, thiobencarb, metolachlor, acifluorfen, bentazon, and atrazine and the insecticides: carbaryl and methyl parathion. More than 20 pesticide samples collected from each of three streams in the coastal prairie resulted in detections of 29 different pesticide compounds. The most frequently detected compounds were the herbicides: atrazine, metolachlor, and molinate, which were detected in more than 75 percent of the samples. Herbicides were detected more frequently than insecticides. Maximum concentrations of atrazine, metolachlor, and molinate occurred in the spring and were 4, 1.9, and 200 micrograms per liter (?g/L), respectively. Almost all concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor were below drinking water standards; no standard is available for molinate. Concentrations and estimated loads and percent of applied compound lost to the streams were generally higher in the watersheds where more of the pesticides were applied to crops.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96124","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Brown, M., 1996, Water-Quality Assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Pesticides in a Coastal Prairie Agricultural Area, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-124, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96124.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155339,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52065,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":11556,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/projects/trin/pubs/pdf/ofr-96-124.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, M.F.","contributorId":71579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22021,"text":"ofr9642 - 1996 - Possible continuous-type (unconventional) gas accumulation in the Lower Silurian \"Clinton\" sands, Medina Group and Tuscarora Sandstone in the Appalachian Basin; a progress report of the 1995 project activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:45","indexId":"ofr9642","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-42","title":"Possible continuous-type (unconventional) gas accumulation in the Lower Silurian \"Clinton\" sands, Medina Group and Tuscarora Sandstone in the Appalachian Basin; a progress report of the 1995 project activities","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION: \r\nIn the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources (Gautier and others, 1995), the Appalachian basin was estimated to have, at a mean value, about 61 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of recoverable gas in sandstone and shale reservoirs of Paleozoic age. Approximately one-half of this gas resource is estimated to reside in a regionally extensive, continuous-type gas accumulation whose reservoirs consist of low-permeability sandstone of the Lower Silurian 'Clinton' sands and Medina Group (Gautier and others, 1995; Ryder, 1995). Recognizing the importance of this large regional gas accumulation for future energy considerations, the USGS initiated in January 1995 a multi-year study to evaluate the nature, distribution, and origin of natural gas in the 'Clinton' sands, Medina Group sandstones, and equivalent Tuscarora Sandstone. The project is part of a larger natural gas project, Continuous Gas Accumulations in Sandstones and Carbonates, coordinated in FY1995 by Ben E. Law and Jennie L. Ridgley, USGS, Denver. Approximately 2.6 man years were devoted to the Clinton/Medina project in FY1995.\r\n\r\nA continuous-type gas accumulation, referred to in the project, is a new term introduced by Schmoker (1995a) to identify those natural gas accumulations whose reservoirs are charged throughout with gas over a large area and whose entrapment does not involve a downdip gas-water contact. Gas in these accumulations is located downdip of the water column and, thus, is the reverse of conventional-type hydrocarbon accumulations. Commonly used industry terms that are more or less synonymous with continuous-type gas accumulations include basin- centered gas accumulation (Rose and others, 1984; Law and Spencer, 1993), tight (low-permeability) gas reservoir (Spencer, 1989; Law and others, 1989; Perry, 1994), and deep basin gas (Masters, 1979, 1984).\r\n\r\nThe realization that undiscovered gas in Lower Silurian sandstone reservoirs of the Appalachian basin probably occurs in a continuous accumulation rather than in conventionally trapped, discrete accumulations represents a significant departure from the 1989 National Assessment (Mast and others, 1989; deWitt, 1993). In 1989, a direct assessment (field-size distributions required for play analysis were unavailable) of the Lower Silurian sandstone play gave, at a mean value, about 1.7 TCF of gas. The 1995 estimate (~30 TCF of gas) is so much greater than the 1989 estimate (~1.7 TCF of gas) because of the interpreted continuous nature of the accumulation and the assessment methodology applied. The methodology for continuous hydrocarbon accumulations assumes that the reservoirs in the accumulation are gas-saturated and takes into account: 1) estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) per well probability distributions, 2) optimum area that a well can drain (spacing), 3) number of untested drill sites having the appropriate spacing area, 4) success ratio of previously drilled holes, and 5) risk (Schmoker, 1995b).\r\n\r\nDavis (1984), Zagorski (1988, 1991), and Law and Spencer (1993) were among the first petroleum geologists to suggest that gas in the 'Clinton' sands and Medina Group sandstones was trapped in a basin-centered/deep basin accumulation. They recognized many of the earmarks of a basin-centered/deep basin accumulation such as low-permeability reservoirs, abnormally low formation pressure, coalesced gas fields, gas shows or production in most holes drilled, low water yields, and a general lack of structural control on entrapment. Ryder (1995) adopted this interpretation by defining four continuous-type gas plays (6728-6731) in the 'Clinton' sands-Medina Group interval (fig.1).\r\n\r\nPlay 6728 (Clinton/Medina sandstone gas high potential) covers a 17,000 sq mi region of western New York, northwestern Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and a small part of westernmost West Virginia that is very favorable for future gas resources (fig.1). Also, this play includes a l","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9642","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., Aggen, K., Hettinger, R.D., Law, B.E., Miller, J.J., Nuccio, V.F., Perry, W.J., Prensky, S.E., Filipo, J.J., and Wandrey, C.J., 1996, Possible continuous-type (unconventional) gas accumulation in the Lower Silurian \"Clinton\" sands, Medina Group and Tuscarora Sandstone in the Appalachian Basin; a progress report of the 1995 project activities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-42, iv, 82 p. :ill., maps (some col.); 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9642.","productDescription":"iv, 82 p. :ill., maps (some col.); 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0042/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9116,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51489,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0042/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683d3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aggen, Kerry L.","contributorId":106749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggen","given":"Kerry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hettinger, Robert D.","contributorId":102486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hettinger","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Law, Ben E.","contributorId":85033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, John J. 0000-0002-9098-0967 jmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-0967","contributorId":3785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"John","email":"jmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perry, William J. Jr.","contributorId":32498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prensky, Stephen E.","contributorId":96703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prensky","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Filipo, John J.","contributorId":45955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filipo","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Wandrey, Craig J. cwandrey@usgs.gov","contributorId":1590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandrey","given":"Craig","email":"cwandrey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":38233,"text":"pp1422B - 1996 - Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38233,"text":"pp1422B - 1996 - Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow","indexId":"pp1422B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70189801,"text":"pp1422 - 2004 - Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont","indexId":"pp1422","publicationYear":"2004","noYear":false,"title":"Regional Aquifer-System Analysis— Appalachian Valley and Piedmont"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T13:11:55","indexId":"pp1422B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1422","chapter":"B","title":"Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow","docAbstract":"Inferences are drawn about properties of aquifer systems from the interpretation of streamflow records in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge physiographic provinces. The analysis is divided into two parts--analysis of streamflow recession and base-flow analysis. Analysis of recession yields information about aquifer diffusivity and variation in specific yield. Base-flow analysis is used to develop water balances for representative basins in the study area.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1422B","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., and Mesko, T.O., 1996, Estimated hydrologic characteristics of shallow aquifer systems in the Valley and Ridge, the Blue Ridge, and the Piedmont Physiographic Provinces based on analysis of streamflow recession and base flow: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1422, vi, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1422B.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p.","startPage":"B1","endPage":"B58","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64596,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1422b/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 41.68932225997044\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -75.87158203125,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -76.75048828125,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -78.24462890625,\n 40.91351257612758\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 39.07890809706475\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 36.686041276581925\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 35.817813158696616\n ],\n [\n -87.64892578125,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -87.69287109375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -87.73681640625,\n 33.94335994657882\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 33.247875947924385\n ],\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n [\n -86.33056640625,\n 32.91648534731439\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 33.44977658311846\n ],\n [\n -81.93603515625,\n 34.415973384481866\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -76.79443359375,\n 39.36827914916014\n ],\n [\n -75.78369140625,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -75.3662109375,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -74.68505859374999,\n 40.212440718286466\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 40.66397287638688\n ],\n [\n -73.916015625,\n 41.04621681452063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesko, T. O.","contributorId":83934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesko","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23237,"text":"ofr96252 - 1996 - Preliminary geologic map emphasizing bedrock formations in Alameda County, California: A digital database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-14T11:53:33","indexId":"ofr96252","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-252","title":"Preliminary geologic map emphasizing bedrock formations in Alameda County, California: A digital database","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96252","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Graymer, R., Jones, D.L., and Brabb, E.E., 1996, Preliminary geologic map emphasizing bedrock formations in Alameda County, California: A digital database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-252, Pamphlet: 14 p.; Digital geologic map database (no paper map included); PostScript plot files containing images of a geologic map sheet and an explanation sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96252.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: 14 p.; Digital geologic map database (no paper map included); PostScript plot files containing images of a geologic map sheet and an explanation sheet","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155159,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1385,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":109885,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22969.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22969"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c146","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graymer, R. 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","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.67.5.47","issn":"00128287","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., 1996, The 1995 Southern California Network Bulletin: Seismological Research Letters, v. 67, no. 5, p. 47-53, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.67.5.47.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.90520908728794,\n 35.35137339878125\n ],\n [\n -120.90520908728794,\n 32.680327109846274\n ],\n [\n -114.17607906378981,\n 32.680327109846274\n ],\n [\n -114.17607906378981,\n 35.35137339878125\n ],\n [\n -120.90520908728794,\n 35.35137339878125\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba636e4b08c986b320f7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, L. 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The deposits in Thrace are of Eocene-Oligocene age and are rich in heulandite and/or clinoptilolite. Those of Kimolos and Poliegos are mainly Quaternary and are rich in mordenite. Those of Samos are Miocene, and are rich in clinoptilolite and/or analcime. The deposits in Thrace are believed to have formed in an open hydrological system by the action of meteoric water, and those of the western Aegean islands in a similar way but under conditions of high heat flow, whereas the deposits in Samos were formed in a saline-alkaline lake.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/BF00196128","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Stamatakis, M., Hall, A., and Hein, J., 1996, The zeolite deposits of Greece: Mineralium Deposita, v. 31, no. 6, p. 473-481, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196128.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"481","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226902,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Greece","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[23.69998,35.705],[24.24667,35.36802],[25.02502,35.425],[25.76921,35.35402],[25.74502,35.18],[26.29,35.29999],[26.165,35.005],[24.72498,34.91999],[24.73501,35.08499],[23.51498,35.27999],[23.69998,35.705]]],[[[26.6042,41.56211],[26.2946,40.93626],[26.05694,40.82412],[25.44768,40.85255],[24.92585,40.94706],[23.71481,40.68713],[24.408,40.12499],[23.89997,39.96201],[23.343,39.961],[22.81399,40.47601],[22.6263,40.25656],[22.84975,39.65931],[23.35003,39.19001],[22.9731,38.9709],[23.53002,38.51],[24.02502,38.21999],[24.04001,37.65501],[23.115,37.92001],[23.40997,37.40999],[22.77497,37.30501],[23.15423,36.42251],[22.49003,36.41],[21.67003,36.84499],[21.29501,37.64499],[21.12003,38.31032],[20.73003,38.76999],[20.21771,39.34023],[20.15002,39.625],[20.615,40.11001],[20.675,40.435],[20.99999,40.58],[21.02004,40.84273],[21.67416,40.93127],[22.05538,41.14987],[22.59731,41.13049],[22.76177,41.3048],[22.95238,41.33799],[23.69207,41.30908],[24.49264,41.5839],[25.1972,41.23449],[26.10614,41.3289],[26.11704,41.8269],[26.6042,41.56211]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Greece\"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb1ede4b08c986b3254bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stamatakis, M.G.","contributorId":67222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamatakis","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, A.","contributorId":38720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hein, J.R. 0000-0002-5321-899X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":61429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23544,"text":"ofr9693 - 1996 - Descriptions and laboratory analysis for soils in northern San Timoteo Badlands, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:02","indexId":"ofr9693","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-93","title":"Descriptions and laboratory analysis for soils in northern San Timoteo Badlands, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9693","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kendrick, K., 1996, Descriptions and laboratory analysis for soils in northern San Timoteo Badlands, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-93, 8 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9693.","productDescription":"8 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0093/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52831,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66908d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendrick, K.J. 0000-0002-9839-6861","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":48595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"K.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}