The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is a party to joint interagency Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) to coordinate resource assessments and evaluations of BLM administered lands. Resource assessments of BLM Resource Areas, that are conducted by the USGS under these MOUs, assist the BLM in meeting inventory and evaluation, resource-management planning, and other management requirements of the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA). This report is one of several to be generated as part of a resource assessment of BLMadministered lands in northwest Nevada and northeast California.
The project area is composed of three contiguous BLM Resource Areas (RAs), totalling 13.5 million acres, in northwest Nevada and northeast California (figs. 1, 2). The SonomaGerlach and Paradise-Denio Resource Areas in northwest Nevada together comprise the BLM's Winnemucca District. The Surprise RA is located in extreme northwest Nevada and northeast California and is part of the BLM's Susanville District, which is administered by the BLM's California state office. Henceforth in this report, the project area will be referred to as the Winnemucca-Surprise Resource Assessment Area (WSRAA).
Sources of geologic data used in this compilation include the state geologic maps of Nevada (Stewart and Carlson, 1978) and California (Jennings, 1977). Other regional, largerscale geologic maps of the area that were used include the 1:250,000 scale Nevada county geologic maps (Willden, 1964; Bonham, 1969; Willden and Speed, 1974; Johnson, 1977), l:125,000-scale geologic quadrangle maps (Ferguson and others, 1951, 1952; Muller and others, 1951), 1:62,500-scale geologic quadrangle maps (Gilluly, 1967; Silberling and Wallace, 1967; Wallace and others, 1969a, b) and several 1:48,000- and 1:24,000-scale geologic quadrangle maps (e.g., Erickson and Marsh, 1974 b, c; Vikre, 1985b; Theodore, 1991 a, b; 1994; Doebrich, 1994, 1995; Jones, in press a, b).
The geology of the WSRAA records a complex history of Paleozoic and Mesozoic accretionary and plutonic events followed by Tertiary extensional tectonism and magmatism. This report chronologically outlines sedimentologic, magmatic, and tectonic events that shaped the geology of the WSRAA and relates these events to the genesis and distribution of the region's mineral and non-mineral resources. This is the initial report of several scheduled to be prepared on the WSRAA. Others reports include geochemistry, geophysics, hydrothermal alteration classification using Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery, assessment of metallic mineral resources, assessment of non-metallic mineral resources, and assessment of oil and gas resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9630","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Doebrich, J., 1996, Resource assessment of the Bureau of Land Management's Winnemucca District and Surprise Resource Area, Northwest Nevada and Northeast California; geology and its relation to resource genesis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-30, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9630.","productDescription":"46 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doebrich, J. L. 0009-0009-3427-0985","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3427-0985","contributorId":61422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doebrich","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23319,"text":"ofr95774 - 1996 - Sampling and analysis plan; quality assurance project plan for site investigations and RCRA facility investigations at the Fort Chaffee Facility, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr95774","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-774","title":"Sampling and analysis plan; quality assurance project plan for site investigations and RCRA facility investigations at the Fort Chaffee Facility, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95774","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hays, P., and Stanton, G., 1996, Sampling and analysis plan; quality assurance project plan for site investigations and RCRA facility investigations at the Fort Chaffee Facility, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-774, 1 v. 126 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95774.","productDescription":"1 v. 126 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0774/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52617,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0774/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, P.D.","contributorId":64682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, G.P.","contributorId":77555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23318,"text":"ofr96118 - 1996 - Sampling and analysis field sampling plan for site investigations and RCRA facility investigations at the Fort Chaffee Facility, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:01","indexId":"ofr96118","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-118","title":"Sampling and analysis field sampling plan for site investigations and RCRA facility investigations at the Fort Chaffee Facility, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96118","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hays, P., and Stanton, G., 1996, Sampling and analysis field sampling plan for site investigations and RCRA facility investigations at the Fort Chaffee Facility, Fort Chaffee, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-118, iv, 30 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96118.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52616,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fde21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hays, P.D.","contributorId":64682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hays","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stanton, G.P.","contributorId":77555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178300,"text":"70178300 - 1996 - Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-10T15:30:49","indexId":"70178300","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters","docAbstract":"The weight-of-evidence approach to the development of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) was modified to support the derivation of biological effects-based SQGs for Florida coastal waters. Numerical SQGs were derived for 34 substances, including nine trace metals, 13 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), three groups of PAHs, total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), seven pesticides and one phthalate ester. For each substance, a threshold effects level (TEL) and a probable effects level (PEL) was calculated. These two values defined three ranges of chemical concentrations, including those that were (1) rarely, (2) occasionally or (3) frequently associated with adverse effects. The SQGs were then evaluated to determine their degree of agreement with other guidelines (an indicator of comparability) and the percent incidence of adverse effects within each concentration range (an indicator of reliability). The guidelines also were used to classify (using a dichotomous system: toxic, with one or more exceedances of the PELs or non-toxic, with no exceedances of the TELs) sediment samples collected from various locations in Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. The accuracy of these predictions was then evaluated using the results of the biological tests that were performed on the same sediment samples. The resultant SQGs were demonstrated to provide practical, reliable and predictive tools for assessing sediment quality in Florida and elsewhere in the southeastern portion of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00118995","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, D.D., Carr, R.S., Calder, F.D., Long, E.R., and Ingersoll, C.G., 1996, Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters: Ecotoxicology, v. 5, no. 4, p. 253-278, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00118995.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330950,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259565e4b01fad86db2439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":176179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, R. Scott","contributorId":14025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calder, Fred D.","contributorId":176812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calder","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, Edward R.","contributorId":106365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22462,"text":"ofr9669 - 1996 - Global volcanic earthquake swarm database 1979-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-15T10:22:47","indexId":"ofr9669","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-69","title":"Global volcanic earthquake swarm database 1979-1989","docAbstract":"Earthquake swarms are pervasive at volcanoes, but have seldom been studied systematically. Most swarms that are described in the literature are those that occurred in association with eruptions; indeed, earthquake swarms are the most reliable method of forecasting eruptions. For the purpose of this report, a swarm is defined as many earthquakes of the same size occurring in a small volume. Swarms are different in these two ways from a mainshock-aftershock sequence or a foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence (fig. 1). Swarms are especially common in volcanic areas
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9669","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Benoit, J., and McNutt, S., 1996, Global volcanic earthquake swarm database 1979-1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-69, 333 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9669.","productDescription":"333 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51984,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db6748b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benoit, J.P.","contributorId":102912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24581,"text":"ofr9636 - 1996 - Spectral analysis workshop on the use of vegetation as an indicator of environmental contamination; proceedings of a workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T18:15:45","indexId":"ofr9636","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-36","title":"Spectral analysis workshop on the use of vegetation as an indicator of environmental contamination; proceedings of a workshop","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9636","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lancaster, J., 1996, Spectral analysis workshop on the use of vegetation as an indicator of environmental contamination; proceedings of a workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-36, 41 p., :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9636.","productDescription":"41 p., :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155130,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5d13","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Milton, N.M.","contributorId":29415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749262,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lancaster, Judith","contributorId":77556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lancaster","given":"Judith","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24470,"text":"ofr96143 - 1996 - Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:09","indexId":"ofr96143","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-143","title":"Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida","docAbstract":"A 4-year study of the hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin in Lake County, Florida, was conducted from 1991-95 by the U.S. Geological Survey to provide information about the hydrologic characteristics of the drainage basin in the vicinity of Wolf Sink. Wolf Branch drains a 4.94 square mile area and directly recharges the Upper Floridan aquifer through Wolf Sink. Because of the direct connection of the sinkhole with the aquifer, a contaminant spill in the basin could pose a threat to the aquifer. The Wolf Branch drainage basin varies in hydrologic characteristics from its headwaters to its terminus at Wolf Sink. Ground- water seepage provides baseflow to the stream north of Wolf Branch Road, but the stream south of State Road 46 is intermittent and the stream can remain dry for months. A single culvert under a railroad crossing conducts flow from wetlands just south of State Road 46 to a well-defined channel which leads to Wolf Sink. The basin morphology is characterized by karst terrain, with many closed depressions which can provide intermittent surface-water storage. Wetlands in the lower third of the basin (south of State Road 46) also provide surface water storage. The presence of numerous water-control structures (impoundments, canals, and culverts), and the surface-water storage capacity throughout the basin affects the flow characteristics of Wolf Branch. Streamflow records for two stations (one above and one below major wetlands in the basin) indicate the flow about State Road 46 is characterized by rapid runoff and continuous baseflow, whereas below State Road 46, peak discharges are much lower but of longer duration than at the upstream station. Rainfall, discharge, ground-water level, and surface-water level data were collected at selected sites in the basin. Hydrologic conditions during the study ranged from long dry periods when there was no inflow to Wolf Sink, to very wet periods, as when nearly 7 inches of rain fell in a 2-day period in November 1994, following an extended wet season. A comparison to long-term rainfall record (40 years) indicates that this range in hydrologic conditions during the 4-year study is representative of the range of conditions expected during a much longer time period. Two dye-trace studies conducted during the study indicated no direct connections between the sink and local wells. The path of a constituent entering the aquifer through Wolf Sink generally would be to the east, following the gradient of the regional ground-water flow system. The conductance of Wolf Sink (the rate at which the sink conducts water to the underlying aquifer) was estimated from streamflow data, ground-water levels, and water levels in Wolf Sink. The range of hydrologic conditions during the study provided a basis for the determination of a representative conductance value. The regression of streamflow as a function of head difference between the sink water level and the potentiometric surface at an observation well (an approximation of the potentiometric level beneath Wolf Sink) resulted in a significant relation r2=0.91, mean square error = 1.60 cubic feet per second); and the slope of the regression line, representing sink conductance, was 1.48 cubic feet per second per foot of head difference. Flow and storm-volume frequency curves for selected time periods (1-day, 7-days, 14-days, 21-days, and 30-days) were generated based on streamflow data from January 10, 1992, to September 30, 1995. These curves indicate that, based on the available record, the volume of water that would have to be stored (in the event that streamflow had to be diverted from Wolf Sink) during a 30-day period would be equal to or less than about 11 acre-fee 30 percent of the time and 161 acre-feet 80 percent of the time. The maximum volume that would be generated during a 30-day period, based on this study, would be about 570 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Information Services,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96143","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schiffer, D., 1996, Hydrology of the Wolf Branch sinkhole basin, Lake County, east-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-143, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96143.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0143/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53536,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0143/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schiffer, D. M.","contributorId":102103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schiffer","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24037,"text":"ofr9624 - 1996 - Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:36:32.28763","indexId":"ofr9624","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-24","title":"Volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 1993","docAbstract":"During 1993, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to episodes of eruptive activity or false alarms at nine volcanic centers in the state of Alaska. Additionally, as part of a formal role in KVERT (the Kamchatkan Volcano Eruption Response Team), AVO staff also responded to eruptions on the Kamchatka Peninsula, details of which are summarized in Miller and Kurianov (1993).
\nIn 1993, AVO maintained seismic instrumentation networks on four volcanoes of the Cook Inlet region--Spurr, Redoubt, Iliamna, and Augustine--and two stations at Dutton Volcano near King Cove on the Alaska Peninsula. Other routine elements of AVO's volcano monitoring program in Alaska include periodic airborne measurement of volcanic SO2 and CO2 at Cook Inlet volcanoes (Doukas, 1995) and maintenance of a lightning detection system in Cook Inlet (Paskievitch and others, 1995).
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr9649","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G., Smith, K., and Montour, M., 1996, Compositions and metal loadings from several seeps at the Summitville Mine: Preliminary results of sampling in August, 1995, and comparison to August, 1994 results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-49, ii, 6 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9649.","productDescription":"ii, 6 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Rio Grande County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.6963,37.833],[-106.5868,37.8344],[-106.585,37.7483],[-106.585,37.7465],[-106.4784,37.7475],[-106.3644,37.7474],[-106.3149,37.748],[-106.2963,37.748],[-106.277,37.7481],[-106.2584,37.7481],[-106.149,37.7483],[-106.0384,37.7479],[-106.0389,37.66],[-106.0383,37.5761],[-106.0383,37.5199],[-106.0383,37.4905],[-106.0377,37.3998],[-106.1634,37.3992],[-106.1848,37.3992],[-106.2561,37.3991],[-106.3545,37.3988],[-106.3632,37.3983],[-106.3806,37.3983],[-106.4582,37.3976],[-106.4872,37.397],[-106.6013,37.3965],[-106.6673,37.3957],[-106.6755,37.3957],[-106.7079,37.3946],[-106.7082,37.4218],[-106.7084,37.4435],[-106.7084,37.4476],[-106.7087,37.4843],[-106.7107,37.5732],[-106.7128,37.662],[-106.6918,37.6621],[-106.6932,37.7509],[-106.6963,37.833]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rio Grande\",\"state\":\"CO\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K. S. 0000-0001-8547-9804","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-9804","contributorId":47779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montour, M. R.","contributorId":50551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montour","given":"M. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24100,"text":"ofr9641 - 1996 - Electron microprobe analyses of zeolite minerals from Neogene volcanic rocks in the Breitenbush-Austen Hot Springs area, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:23:38","indexId":"ofr9641","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-41","title":"Electron microprobe analyses of zeolite minerals from Neogene volcanic rocks in the Breitenbush-Austen Hot Springs area, Oregon","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9641","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Oscarson, R., and Bargar, K., 1996, Electron microprobe analyses of zeolite minerals from Neogene volcanic rocks in the Breitenbush-Austen Hot Springs area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-41, 61 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9641.","productDescription":"61 p. 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A.","contributorId":64280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okaya","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":21861,"text":"ofr9628 - 1996 - Hybrid-source seismic reflection profiling across Yucca Mountain, Nevada; regional lines 2 and 3","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-31T07:33:04","indexId":"ofr9628","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-28","title":"Hybrid-source seismic reflection profiling across Yucca Mountain, Nevada; regional lines 2 and 3","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9628","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Hart, P., Hunter, W., and Langenheim, V., 1996, Hybrid-source seismic reflection profiling across Yucca Mountain, Nevada; regional lines 2 and 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-28, 111 p., 8 over-size sheets, :ill. 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E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, W.C.","contributorId":22769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":24900,"text":"ofr95753 - 1996 - Water-surface elevations of wetlands and nearby wells at Arnold Air Force Base, near Manchester, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T18:59:45.262063","indexId":"ofr95753","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-753","title":"Water-surface elevations of wetlands and nearby wells at Arnold Air Force Base, near Manchester, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Surface-water stage, ground-water elevations, rainfall, and streamflow were monitored at or near four wetland sites at Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee. Two of the wetland sites (Sinking Pond and Westall Swamp) included sinkholes with internal relief greater than 7 feet. The other two wetlands (Tupelo Swamp and Goose Pond) were shallow depressions with less than 5 feet internal relief. Stage rose and fell abruptly in the two sinkhole wetlands. Water depths ranged from 0 to 11.4 feet in Sinking Pond and from 0 to 8.5 feet in Westall Swamp. Water levels in wells adjacent to the sinkhole wetlands also rose and fell abruptly. The two shallow depressions filled and drained more gradually and remained flooded longer than the sinkhole wetlands. The maximum recorded water depths were 3.5 feet in Tupelo Swamp and 2.3 feet in Goose Pond. Water levels in nearby wells remained lower than surface-water elevations in the shallow depressions throughout the study period.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95753","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, W., and League, D., 1996, Water-surface elevations of wetlands and nearby wells at Arnold Air Force Base, near Manchester, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-753, iv, 19 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95753.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157762,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1890,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr95-753/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-58","title":"The characterization of USGS gold reference standard, DGPM-1","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9658","issn":"0566-8174","usgsCitation":"Grimes, D.J., Stewart, K.C., Wilson, S., and Kretschmer, E., 1996, The characterization of USGS gold reference standard, DGPM-1: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-58, i, 13 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9658.","productDescription":"i, 13 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0058/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51203,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0058/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66955b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grimes, D. J.","contributorId":73575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, K. C.","contributorId":46519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S. A. 0000-0002-9468-0005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0005","contributorId":23561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kretschmer, E.L.","contributorId":6086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kretschmer","given":"E.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":22122,"text":"ofr9611 - 1996 - Review of Seismic Hazard Issues Associated with Auburn Dam Project, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:59","indexId":"ofr9611","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-11","title":"Review of Seismic Hazard Issues Associated with Auburn Dam Project, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California","docAbstract":"Summary -- The U.S. Geological Survey was requested by the U.S. Department of the Interior to review the design values and the issue of reservoir-induced seismicity for a concrete gravity dam near the site of the previously-proposed Auburn Dam in the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, central California. The dam is being planned as a flood-control-only dam with the possibility of conversion to a permanent water-storage facility. As a basis for planning studies the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is using the same design values approved by the Secretary of the Interior in 1979 for the original Auburn Dam. These values were a maximum displacement of 9 inches on a fault intersecting the dam foundation, a maximum earthquake at the site of magnitude 6.5, a peak horizontal acceleration of 0.64 g, and a peak vertical acceleration of 0.39 g. In light of geological and seismological investigations conducted in the western Sierran foothills since 1979 and advances in the understanding of how earthquakes are caused and how faults behave, we have developed the following conclusions and recommendations: \r\n\r\nMaximum Displacement. Neither the pre-1979 nor the recent observations of faults in the Sierran foothills precisely define the maximum displacement per event on a fault intersecting the dam foundation. Available field data and our current understanding of surface faulting indicate a range of values for the maximum displacement. This may require the consideration of a design value larger than 9 inches. We recommend reevaluation of the design displacement using current seismic hazard methods that incorporate uncertainty into the estimate of this design value. \r\n\r\nMaximum Earthquake Magnitude. There are no data to indicate that a significant change is necessary in the use of an M 6.5 maximum earthquake to estimate design ground motions at the dam site. However, there is a basis for estimating a range of maximum magnitudes using recent field information and new statistical fault relations. We recommend reevaluating the maximum earthquake magnitude using current seismic hazard methodology. \r\n\r\nDesign Ground Motions. A large number of strong-motion records have been acquired and significant advances in understanding of ground motion have been achieved since the original evaluations. The design value for peak horizontal acceleration (0.64 g) is larger than the median of one recent study and smaller than the median value of another. The value for peak vertical acceleration (0.39 g) is somewhat smaller than median values of two recent studies. We recommend a reevaluation of the design ground motions that takes into account new ground motion data with particular attention to rock sites at small source distances. \r\n\r\nReservoir-Induced Seismicity. The potential for reservoir-induced seismicity must be considered for the Auburn Darn project. A reservoir-induced earthquake is not expected to be larger than the maximum naturally occurring earthquake. However, the probability of an earthquake may be enhanced by reservoir impoundment. A flood-control-only project may involve a lower probability of significant induced seismicity than a multipurpose water-storage dam. There is a need to better understand and quantify the likelihood of this hazard. A methodology should be developed to quantify the potential for reservoir induced seismicity using seismicity data from the Sierran foothills, new worldwide observations of induced and triggered seismicity, and current understanding of the earthquake process. \r\n\r\nReevaluation of Design Parameters. The reevaluation of the maximum displacement, maximum magnitude earthquake, and design ground motions can be made using available field observations from the Sierran foothills, updated statistical relations for faulting and ground motions, and current computational seismic hazard methodologies that incorporate uncertainty into the analysis. The reevaluation does not require significant new geological field studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr9611","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schwartz, D.P., Joyner, W.B., Stein, R., Brown, R., McGarr, A., Hickman, S., and Bakun, W.H., 1996, Review of Seismic Hazard Issues Associated with Auburn Dam Project, Sierra Nevada Foothills, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-11, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9611.","productDescription":"18 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":9955,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-011/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":51571,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6041a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":52968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, R.D.","contributorId":73221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGarr, A.F.","contributorId":72408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hickman, S.H. 0000-0003-2075-9615","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":16027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"S.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":22215,"text":"ofr968 - 1996 - The texture of surficial sediments in western Long Island Sound off the Norwalk Islands, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr968","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-8","title":"The texture of surficial sediments in western Long Island Sound off the Norwalk Islands, Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr968","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Taylor, B., Zajac, R., Lewis, R.S., Blackwood, D., Harmon, A., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M., 1996, The texture of surficial sediments in western Long Island Sound off the Norwalk Islands, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-8, 19 p., 19 leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr968.","productDescription":"19 p., 19 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51644,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63516b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, B.B.","contributorId":53394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajac, R.N.","contributorId":38182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajac","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harmon, A.E.","contributorId":91121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. L.","contributorId":55465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":22208,"text":"ofr96176 - 1996 - Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr96176","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-176","title":"Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), established in 1879, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior. For more than a century, the USGS has provided reports, maps, data, and other information to aid in the development, management, and portection of the Nation's water, energy, mineral, and land resources. This brochure outlines the USGS in Tennessee and highlights hydrologic investigations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr96176","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Balthrop, B.H., and Carney, K., 1996, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-176, 1 sheet :ill. ;22 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 9 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96176.","productDescription":"1 sheet :ill. ;22 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 9 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1546,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr96176","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":155600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51638,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c40b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balthrop, B. H. (compiler)","contributorId":92286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balthrop","given":"B.","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carney, K.A.","contributorId":7735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carney","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30450,"text":"wri964015 - 1996 - Uncertainty analysis of the simulations of effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:44:39","indexId":"wri964015","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4015","title":"Uncertainty analysis of the simulations of effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Two separate studies to simulate the effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, have been completed. In the first study, the Red River at Fargo Water-Quality Model was calibrated and verified for icefree conditions. In the second study, the Red River at Fargo Ice-Cover Water-Quality Model was verified for ice-cover conditions.
To better understand and apply the Red River at Fargo Water-Quality Model and the Red River at Fargo Ice-Cover Water-Quality Model, the uncertainty associated with simulated constituent concentrations and property values was analyzed and quantified using the Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model-Uncertainty Analysis. The Monte Carlo simulation and first-order error analysis methods were used to analyze the uncertainty in simulated values for six constituents and properties at sites 5, 10, and 14 (upstream to downstream order). The constituents and properties analyzed for uncertainty are specific conductance, total organic nitrogen (reported as nitrogen), total ammonia (reported as nitrogen), total nitrite plus nitrate (reported as nitrogen), 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand for ice-cover conditions and ultimate carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand for ice-free conditions, and dissolved oxygen. Results are given in detail for both the ice-cover and ice-free conditions for specific conductance, total ammonia, and dissolved oxygen.
The sensitivity and uncertainty of the simulated constituent concentrations and property values to input variables differ substantially between ice-cover and ice-free conditions. During ice-cover conditions, simulated specific-conductance values are most sensitive to the headwatersource specific-conductance values upstream of site 10 and the point-source specific-conductance values downstream of site 10. These headwater-source and point-source specific-conductance values also are the key sources of uncertainty. Simulated total ammonia concentrations are most sensitive to the point-source total ammonia concentrations at all three sites. Other input variables that contribute substantially to the variability of simulated total ammonia concentrations are the headwater-source total ammonia and the instream reaction coefficient for biological decay of total ammonia to total nitrite. Simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations at all three sites are most sensitive to headwater-source dissolved-oxygen concentration. This input variable is the key source of variability for simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations at sites 5 and 10. Headwatersource and point-source dissolved-oxygen concentrations are the key sources of variability for simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations at site 14.
During ice-free conditions, simulated specific-conductance values at all three sites are most sensitive to the headwater-source specific-conductance values. Headwater-source specificconductance values also are the key source of uncertainty. The input variables to which total ammonia and dissolved oxygen are most sensitive vary from site to site and may or may not correspond to the input variables that contribute the most to the variability. The input variables that contribute the most to the variability of simulated total ammonia concentrations are pointsource total ammonia, instream reaction coefficient for biological decay of total ammonia to total nitrite, and Manning's roughness coefficient. The input variables that contribute the most to the variability of simulated dissolved-oxygen concentrations are reaeration rate, sediment oxygen demand rate, and headwater-source algae as chlorophyll a.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964015","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., 1996, Uncertainty analysis of the simulations of effects of discharging treated wastewater to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4015, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964015.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59232,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4015/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49a0e4b07f02db5bdbe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22211,"text":"ofr9614 - 1996 - The texture of surficial sediments in central Long Island Sound off Milford, Connecticut","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr9614","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-14","title":"The texture of surficial sediments in central Long Island Sound off Milford, Connecticut","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9614","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Taylor, B., Zajac, R., Lewis, R.S., Blackwood, D., and DiGiacomo-Cohen, M., 1996, The texture of surficial sediments in central Long Island Sound off Milford, Connecticut: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-14, 20 p., 20 leaves :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9614.","productDescription":"20 p., 20 leaves :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0014/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51640,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0014/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6354f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":187631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, B.B.","contributorId":53394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"B.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zajac, R.N.","contributorId":38182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajac","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lewis, R. S.","contributorId":19951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blackwood, D.S.","contributorId":98747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blackwood","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DiGiacomo-Cohen, M. L.","contributorId":55465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGiacomo-Cohen","given":"M. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70019055,"text":"70019055 - 1996 - The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-08T17:03:07.926009","indexId":"70019055","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile","docAbstract":"Middle Proterozoic rocks underlying the Andes in western Bolivia, western Argentina, and northern Chile and Early Proterozoic rocks of the Arequipa massif in southern Perú form the Arequipa-Antofalla craton. These rocks are discontinuously exposed beneath Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks, but abundant crystalline clasts in Tertiary sedimentary rocks in the western altiplano allow indirect samples of the craton. Near Berenguela, western Bolivia, the Oligocene and Miocene Mauri Formation contains boulders of granodiorite augen gneiss (1171±20 Ma and 1158±12 Ma; U-Pb zircon), quartzose gneiss and granofels that are inferred to have arkosic protoliths (1100 Ma source region; U-Pb zircon), quartzofeldspathic and mafic orthogneisses that have amphibolite- and granulite-facies metamorphic mineral assemblages (∼1080 Ma metamorphism; U-Pb zircon), and undeformed granitic rocks of Phanerozoic(?) age. The Middle Proterozoic crystalline rocks from Berenguela and elsewhere in western Bolivia and from the Middle Proterozoic Belén Schist in northern Chile generally have present-day low 206Pb/204Pb (<18.0), elevated 207Pb/204Pb (>15.57), and elevated 208Pb/204Pb (37.2 to 50.7) indicative of high time-averaged Th/U values. The Middle Proterozoic rocks in general have higher present-day 206Pb/204Pb values than those of the Early Proterozoic rocks of the Arequipa massif (206Pb/204Pb between 16.1 and 17.1) but lower than rocks of the southern Arequipa-Antofalla craton (206Pb/204Pb> 18.5), a difference inferred to reflect Grenvillian granulite metamorphism. The Pb isotopic compositions for the various Proterozoic rocks lie on common Pb isotopic growth curves, implying that Pb incorporated in rocks composing the Arequipa-Antofalla craton was extracted from a similar evolving Pb isotopic reservoir. Evidently, the craton has been a coherent terrane since the Middle Proterozoic. Moreover, the Pb isotopic compositions for the Arequipa-Antofalla craton overlap those of the Amazon craton, thereby supporting a link between these cratons and seemingly precluding part of the Arequipa-Antofalla craton from being a detached fragment of another craton such as eastern Laurentia, which has been characterized by a different U/Pb history. Pb isotopic compositions for the Arequipa-Antofalla craton are, furthermore, distinct from those of the Proterozoic basement in the Precordillera terrane, western Argentina, indicating a Pb isotopic and presumably a tectonic boundary between them. The Pb isotopic compositions for the Precordillera basement are similar to those of eastern Laurentia, and support other data indicating that these rocks are a detached fragment of North America. Finally, the distinct Pb isotopic evolution history of the Arequipa-Antofalla craton and eastern Laurentia require minor modification to tectonic models linking eastern North America-Scotland to the oroclinal bend in western South America.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95TC03248","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Tosdal, R., 1996, The Amazon-Laurentian connection as viewed from the Middle Proterozoic rocks in the central Andes, western Bolivia and northern Chile: Tectonics, v. 15, no. 4, p. 827-842, https://doi.org/10.1029/95TC03248.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"827","endPage":"842","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia, Chile","otherGeospatial":"central Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.16304407010888,\n -14.176918009035418\n ],\n [\n -76.16304407010888,\n -24.385027535134185\n ],\n [\n -63.95164051526764,\n -24.385027535134185\n ],\n [\n -63.95164051526764,\n -14.176918009035418\n ],\n [\n -76.16304407010888,\n -14.176918009035418\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba67ae4b08c986b321162","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tosdal, R. M.","contributorId":54982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tosdal","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":24546,"text":"ofr96148 - 1996 - Peak data for U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, Texas network and computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:02:49","indexId":"ofr96148","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-148","title":"Peak data for U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, Texas network and computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency","docAbstract":"About 23,000 annual peak streamflows and about 400 historical peak streamflows exist for about 950 stations in the surface-water data-collection network of Texas. These data are presented on a computer diskette along with the corresponding dates, gage heights, and information concerning the basin, and nature or cause for the flood. Also on the computer diskette is a U.S. Geological Survey computer program that estimates peak-streamflow frequency based on annual and historical peak streamflow. The program estimates peak streamflow for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals and is based on guidelines established by the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data. Explanations are presented for installing the program, and an example is presented with discussion of its options.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96148","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Slade, R., and Asquith, W., 1996, Peak data for U.S. Geological Survey gaging stations, Texas network and computer program to estimate peak-streamflow frequency: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-148, Report: iii, 57 p.; Application Site, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96148.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 57 p.; Application Site","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53592,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277643,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0148/application.zip"}],"publicComments":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db688a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, R.M.","contributorId":84364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asquith, W.H.","contributorId":87980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asquith","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":25789,"text":"wri964109 - 1996 - Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T18:34:26.842279","indexId":"wri964109","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4109","title":"Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The underground testing of nuclear devices has generated substantial volumes of radioactive and other chemical contaminants below ground at the Nevada Test Site (NTS). Many of the more radioactive contaminants are highly toxic and are known to persist in the environment for thousands of years. In response to concerns about potential health hazards, the U.S. Department of Energy, under its Environmental Restoration Program, has made NTS the subject of a long-term investigation. Efforts supported through the U.S. Department of Energy program will assess whether byproducts of underground testing pose a potential hazard to the health and safety of the public and, if necessary, will evaluate and implement steps to remediate any of the identified dangers. \r\n\r\nTest-generated contaminants have been introduced over large areas and at variable depths above and below the water table throughout NTS. Evaluating the risks associated with these byproducts of underground testing presupposes a knowledge of the source, transport, and potential receptors of these contaminants. Ground-water flow is the primary mechanism by which contaminants can be transported significant distances away from the initial point of injection. Flow paths between contaminant sources and potential receptors are separated by remote areas that span tens of miles. The diversity and structural complexity of the rocks along these flow paths complicates the hydrology of the region. Although the hydrology has been studied in some detail, much still remains uncertain about flow rates and directions through the fractured-rock aquifers that transmit water great distances across this arid region. Unique to the hydrology of NTS are the effects of underground testing, which severely alter local rock characteristics and affect hydrologic conditions throughout the region. \r\n\r\nAny assessment of the risk must rely in part on the current understanding of ground-water flow, and the assessment will be only as good as the understanding itself. This report summarizes what is known and inferred about ground-water flow throughout the NTS region. The report identifies and updates what is known about some of the major controls on ground-water flow, highlights some of the uncertainties in the current understanding, and prioritizes some of the technical needs as related to the Environmental Restoration Program. \r\n\r\nAn apparent deficiency in the current understanding is a lack of knowledge about flow directions and rates away from major areas of testing. Efforts are necessary to delineate areas of downgradient flow and to identify factors that constrain and control flow within these areas. These efforts also should identify the areas most critical to gaining detailed understanding and to establishing long-term monitoring sites necessary for effective remediation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964109","usgsCitation":"Laczniak, R.J., Cole, J.C., Sawyer, D., and Trudeau, D.A., 1996, Summary of hydrogeologic controls on ground-water flow at the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4109, Report: iv, 59 p.; 4 Plates: 35.71 × 45.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964109.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 59 p.; 4 Plates: 35.71 × 45.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406250,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48465.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54537,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4109/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4109/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":2043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri964109","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5786,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 36.625\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -116.5786,\n 37.375\n ],\n [\n -116.5786,\n 36.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6990be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laczniak, R. J.","contributorId":46104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":51292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trudeau, D. 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W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyman, T. S.","contributorId":21161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dyman","given":"T.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24612,"text":"ofr96122 - 1996 - Contaminant concentrations in stormwater from eight lake Superior basin cities, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T13:20:57","indexId":"ofr96122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-122","title":"Contaminant concentrations in stormwater from eight lake Superior basin cities, 1993-94","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey collected Stormwater samples from eight Lake Superior Basin cities to determine the quality of urban runoff entering Lake Superior from urban areas. The samples were collected during July 1993-September 1994 from storm sewers in Ishpeming, Negaunee, Sault Ste. Marie, and Houghton, Michigan; Virginia and Ribbing, Minnesota; and Ashland and Hurley, Wisconsin. Automated samplers were installed in manholes draining the selected sewers within each city. Water samples were collected for analyses of total recoverable metals, nutrients, and poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Concentrations of these constituents for each site are listed in data tables.
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