{"pageNumber":"376","pageRowStart":"9375","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70021240,"text":"70021240 - 1999 - Mercury methylation in periphyton of the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T09:06:31","indexId":"70021240","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury methylation in periphyton of the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"Trophic accumulation of mercury (Hg) in aquatic ecosystems is of global concern due to health effects associated with eating fish with elevated Hg levels. The methylated form of Hg bioaccumulates so it is important to understand how inorganic Hg is transformed to methylmercury in the environment. Here, a new site for Hg methylation, the periphyton communities that are prevalent in the Florida Everglades, is described. It is hypothesized that periphyton communities that support an active microbial sulfur cycle support Hg methylation. This new methylation site has implications for trophic transfer of methylmercury since periphyton can be the base of the food web in aquatic ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"ALSO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1999.44.7.1815","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Cleckner, L., Gilmour, C., Hurley, J., and Krabbenhoft, D., 1999, Mercury methylation in periphyton of the Florida Everglades: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 44, no. 7, p. 1815-1825, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.7.1815.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1815","endPage":"1825","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489139,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.7.1815","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5422e4b0c8380cd6cebd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleckner, L.B.","contributorId":29966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleckner","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021233,"text":"70021233 - 1999 - Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-25T19:44:10.290872","indexId":"70021233","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils","docAbstract":"Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated materials have been buried. Published data to verify the performance and durability of landfilled treated wastes over time are rare. In this preliminary study, optical and electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and electron probe microanalyses [EPMA]) were used to evaluate weathering features associated with metal-bearing contaminated soil that had been solidified and stabilized with Portland cement and subsequently buried on site, stored outdoors aboveground, or achieved in a laboratory warehouse for up to 6 yr. Physical and chemical alteration processes identified include: freeze-thaw cracking, cracking caused by the formation of expansive minerals such as ettringite, carbonation, and the movement of metals from waste aggregates into the cement micromass. Although the extent of degradation after 6 yr is considered slight to moderate, results of this study show that the same environmental concerns that affect the durability of concrete must be considered when evaluating the durability and permanence of the solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils with cement. In addition, such evaluations cannot be based on leaching and chemical analyses alone. The use of all levels of microscopic analyses must be incorporated into studies of the long-term performance of S/S technologies.Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is recognized by the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available technology for the containment of contaminated soils and other hazardous wastes that cannot be destroyed by chemical, thermal, or biological means. Despite the increased use of S/S technologies, little research has been conducted on the weathering and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated materials have been buried. Published data to verify the performance and durability of landfilled treated wastes over time are rare. In this preliminary study, optical and electron microscopy (scanning electron microscopy [SEM], transmission electron microscopy [TEM] and electron probe microanalyses [EPMA]) were used to evaluate weathering features associated with metal-bearing contaminated soil that had been solidified and stabilized with Portland cement and subsequently buried on site, stored outdoors aboveground, or archived in a laboratory, warehouse for up to 6 yr. Physical and chemical alteration processes identified include: freeze-thaw cracking, cracking caused by the formation of expansive minerals such as ettringite, carbonation, and the movement of metals from waste aggregates into the cement micromass. Although the extent of degradation after 6 yr is considered slight to moderate, results of this study show that the same environmental concerns that affect the durability of concrete must be considered when evaluating the durability and permanence of the solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils with cement. In addition, such evaluations cannot be based on leaching and chemical analyses alone. The use of all levels of microscopic analyses must be incorporated into studies of the long-term performance of S/S technologies.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1999.6351274x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Klich, I., Wilding, L., Drees, L., and Landa, E.R., 1999, Importance of microscopy in durability studies of solidified and stabilized contaminated soils: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 63, no. 5, p. 1274-1283, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.6351274x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1274","endPage":"1283","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a393de4b0c8380cd61863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klich, I.","contributorId":68911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klich","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilding, L.P.","contributorId":74534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilding","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drees, L.R.","contributorId":101833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drees","given":"L.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landa, E. R.","contributorId":100002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021228,"text":"70021228 - 1999 - Role for acetotrophic methanogens in methanogenic biodegradation of vinyl chloride","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:57:33","indexId":"70021228","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role for acetotrophic methanogens in methanogenic biodegradation of vinyl chloride","docAbstract":"Under methanogenic conditions, stream-bed sediment microorganisms rapidly degraded [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14CH4 and 14CO2. Amendment with 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid eliminated 14CH4 production and decreased 14CO2 recovery by an equal molar amount. Results obtained with [14C]ethene, [14C]acetate, or 14CO2 as substrates indicated that acetotrophic methanogens were responsible for the production of 14CH4 during biodegradation of [1,2-14C]VC.Under methanogenic conditions, stream-bed sediment microorganisms rapidly degraded [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14CH4 and 14CO2. Amendment with 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid eliminated 14CH4 production and decreased 14CO2 recovery by an equal molar amount. Results obtained with [14C]-ethene, [14C]acetate, or 14CO2 as substrates indicated that acetotrophic methanogens were responsible for the production of 14CH4, during biodegradation of [1,2-14C]VC.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es990395q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999, Role for acetotrophic methanogens in methanogenic biodegradation of vinyl chloride: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 19, p. 3473-3476, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990395q.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3473","endPage":"3476","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae38e4b0c8380cd8704a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021223,"text":"70021223 - 1999 - Seasonal variability in hydrologic-system response to intense rain events, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:26:58","indexId":"70021223","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variability in hydrologic-system response to intense rain events, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Two rain events at Matanuska Glacier illustrate how subglacial drainage system development and snowpack conditions affect hydrologic response at the terminus. On 21 and 22 September 1995, over 56 mm of rain fell in the basin during a period usually characterized by much drier conditions. This event caused an 8-fold increase in discharge and a 47-fold increase in suspended-sediment concentration. Peak suspended-sediment concentration exceeded 20 kg m-3, suggesting rapid evacuation of stored sediment. While water discharge returned to its pre-storm level nine days after the rain ceased, suspended-sediment concentrations took about 20 days to return to pre-storm levels. These observations suggest that the storm influx late in the melt season probably forced subglacial water into a more distributed system. In addition, subglacially transported sediments were supplemented to an unknown degree by the influx of storm-eroded sediments off hillslopes and from tributary drainage basins. A storm on 6 and 7 June 1997, dropped 28 mm of rain on the basin demonstrating the effects of meltwater retention in the snowpack and englacial and subglacial storage early in the melt season. Streamflow before the storm event was increasing gradually owing to warming temperatures; however, discharge during the storm and the following week increased only slightly. Suspended-sediment concentrations increased only a small amount, suggesting the drainage system was not yet well developed, and much of the runoff occurred across the relatively clean surface of the glacier or through englacial channels.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Annals of Glaciology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta Connect","doi":"10.3189/172756499781821715","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Denner, J., Lawson, D.E., Larson, G., Evenson, E., Alley, R.B., Strasser, J., and Kopczynski, S., 1999, Seasonal variability in hydrologic-system response to intense rain events, Matanuska Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: Annals of Glaciology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 267-271, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821715.","startPage":"267","endPage":"271","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821715","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269200,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821715"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88e3e4b08c986b316c07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denner, J.C.","contributorId":75562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denner","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawson, D. E.","contributorId":9343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, G.J.","contributorId":89680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Evenson, E.B.","contributorId":79628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evenson","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alley, R. B.","contributorId":49533,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Strasser, J.C.","contributorId":21717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strasser","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kopczynski, S.","contributorId":90066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kopczynski","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70021218,"text":"70021218 - 1999 - Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:14:31","indexId":"70021218","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1864,"text":"Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols","docAbstract":"Robowell is an automated process for monitoring selected ground water quality properties and constituents by pumping a well or multilevel sampler. Robowell was developed and tested to provide a cost-effective monitoring system that meets protocols expected for manual sampling. The process uses commercially available electronics, instrumentation, and hardware, so it can be configured to monitor ground water quality using the equipment, purge protocol, and monitoring well design most appropriate for the monitoring site and the contaminants of interest. A Robowell prototype was installed on a sewage treatment plant infiltration bed that overlies a well-studied unconfined sand and gravel aquifer at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during a time when two distinct plumes of constituents were released. The prototype was operated from May 10 to November 13, 1996, and quality-assurance/quality-control measurements demonstrated that the data obtained by the automated method was equivalent to data obtained by manual sampling methods using the same sampling protocols. Water level, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved ammonium were monitored by the prototype as the wells were purged according to U.S Geological Survey (USGS) ground water sampling protocols. Remote access to the data record, via phone modem communications, indicated the arrival of each plume over a few days and the subsequent geochemical reactions over the following weeks. Real-time availability of the monitoring record provided the information needed to initiate manual sampling efforts in response to changes in measured ground water quality, which proved the method and characterized the screened portion of the plume in detail through time. The methods and the case study described are presented to document the process for future use.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00243.x","issn":"10693629","usgsCitation":"Granato, G., and Smith, K., 1999, Robowell: An automated process for monitoring ground water quality using established sampling protocols: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 19, no. 4, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1999.tb00243.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaddbe4b0c8380cd86faa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Granato, G.E.","contributorId":61457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, K.P.","contributorId":54231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021217,"text":"70021217 - 1999 - Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:37:55","indexId":"70021217","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction","docAbstract":"<p>Selenium stable isotope ratio measurements should serve as indicators of sources and biogeochemical transformations of Se. We report measurements of Se isotope fractionation during selenate reduction, selenite sorption, oxidation of reduced Se in soils, and Se volatilization by algae and soil samples. These results, combined with previous work with Se isotopes, indicate that reduction of soluble oxyanions is the dominant cause of Se isotope fractionation. Accordingly, Se isotope ratios should be useful as indicators of oxyanion reduction, which can transform mobile species to forms that are less mobile and less bioavailable. Additional investigations of Se isotope fractionation are needed to confirm this preliminary assessment.</p><p>We have developed a new method for measurement of natural Se isotope ratio variation which requires less than 500 ng Se per analysis and yields ±0.2‰ precision on<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>80</sup>Se/<sup>76</sup>Se. A double isotope spike technique corrects for isotopic fractionation during sample preparation and mass spectrometry. The small minimum sample size is important, as Se concentrations are often below 1 ppm in solids and 1 μg/L in fluids. The Se purification process is rapid and compatible with various sample matrices, including acidic rock or sediment digests.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., Herbel, M., Bullen, T., and Zawislanski, P., 1999, Selenium isotope ratios as indicators of selenium sources and oxyanion reduction: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 18, p. 2775-2783, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2775","endPage":"2783","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206488,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00279-3"}],"volume":"63","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cf9e4b08c986b3181f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.M.","contributorId":22332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herbel, M.J.","contributorId":57232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bullen, T.D.","contributorId":79911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zawislanski, P.T.","contributorId":86134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zawislanski","given":"P.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021200,"text":"70021200 - 1999 - Molecular aggregation of humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:43:37","indexId":"70021200","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular aggregation of humic substances","docAbstract":"Humic substances (HS) form molecular aggregates in solution and on mineral surfaces. Elucidation of the mechanism of formation of these aggregates is important for an understanding of the interactions of HS in soils arid natural waters. The HS are formed mainly by enzymatic depolymerization and oxidation of plant biopolymers. These reactions transform the aromatic and lipid plant components into amphiphilic molecules, that is, molecules that consist of separate hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) parts. The nonpolar parts of the molecules are composed of relatively unaltered segments of plant polymers and the polar parts of carboxylic acid groups. These amphiphiles form membrane-like aggregates on mineral surfaces and micelle-like aggregates in solution. The exterior surfaces of these aggregates are hydrophilic, and the interiors constitute separate hydrophobic liquid-like phases.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199911000-00004","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R.L., 1999, Molecular aggregation of humic substances: Soil Science, v. 164, no. 11, p. 803-813, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199911000-00004.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"803","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ceee4b0c8380cd70047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":754690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70021199,"text":"70021199 - 1999 - Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:15:03","indexId":"70021199","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics","docAbstract":"<p><span>A comprehensive set of soil characteristics were examined to determine the effect of soil on the transport of agrichemicals to ground water. This paper examines the relation of local soil characteristics to concentrations and occurrence of nitrate, atrazine (2-chloro-4 ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-trazine), and atrazine residue [atrazine + deethylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-isopropylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine) + deisopropylatrazine (2-amino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-</span><i>s</i><span>-triazine)] from 99 wells completed in unconsolidated aquifers across the midwestern USA. The occurrence and concentrations of nitrate and atrazine in ground water were directly related to soil characteristics that determine the rate of water movement. The substantial differences in the relations found among soil characteristics and nitrate and atrazine in ground water suggest that different processes affect the transformation, adsorption, and transport of these contaminants. A multivariate analysis determined that the soil characteristics examined explained the amount of variability in concentrations for nitrate (19.0%), atrazine (33.4%), and atrazine residue (28.6%). These results document that, although soils do affect the transport of agrichemicals to ground water, other factors such as hydrology, land use, and climate must also be considered to understand the occurrence of agrichemicals in ground water.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060030x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Burkart, M.R., Kolpin, D., Jaquis, R., and Cole, K., 1999, Agrichemicals in ground water of the midwestern USA: Relations to soil characteristics: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 6, p. 1908-1915, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800060030x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1908","endPage":"1915","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"28","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e90ee4b0c8380cd48082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkart, M. R.","contributorId":42190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jaquis, R.J.","contributorId":26835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaquis","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cole, K.J.","contributorId":65245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021188,"text":"70021188 - 1999 - Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:13:28.801819","indexId":"70021188","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Research on the effects of vegetation manipulation on snowpack, soil water, and streamwater chemistry and flux has been underway at the Fraser Experimental Forest (FEF), CO, since 1982. Greater than 95% of FEF snowmelt passes through watersheds as subsurface flow where soil processes significantly alter meltwater chemistry. To better understand the mechanisms accounting for annual variation in watershed streamwater ion concentration and flux with snowmelt, we studied subsurface water flow, its ion concentration, and flux in conterminous forested and clear cut plots. Repetitive patterns in subsurface flow and chemistry were apparent. Control plot subsurface flow chemistry had the highest ion concentrations in late winter and fall. When shallow subsurface flow occurred, its Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations were lower and K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>higher than deep flow. The percentage of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux in shallow depths was less and K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>slightly greater than the percentage of total flow. Canopy removal increased precipitation reaching the forest floor by about 40%, increased peak snowpack water equivalent (SWE)&gt;35%, increased the average snowpack Ca<sup>2+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>content, reduced the snowpack K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>content, and increased the runoff four-fold. Clear cutting doubled the percentage of subsurface flow at shallow depths, and increased K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration in shallow subsurface flow and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations in both shallow and deep flow. The percentage change in total Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux in shallow depths was less than the change in water flux, while that of K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux was greater. Relative to the control, in the clear cut the percentage of total Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux at shallow depths increased from 5 to 12%, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>5·4 to 12%, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from 5·6 to 8·7%, K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from 6 to 35%, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from 2·7 to 17%. The increases in Ca<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>flux were proportional to the increase in water flux, the flux of HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>increased proportionally less than water flux, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and K<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>were proportionally greater than water flux. Increased subsurface flow accounted for most of the increase in non-limiting nutrient loss. For limiting nutrients, loss of plant uptake and increased shallow subsurface flow accounted for the greater loss. Seasonal ion concentration patterns in streamwater and subsurface flow were similar .&nbsp;</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2287::AID-HYP883>3.0.CO;2-F","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Troendle, C., 1999, Effect of subalpine canopy removal on snowpack, soil solution, and nutrient export, Fraser Experimental Forest, CO: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 14-15, p. 2287-2299, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2287::AID-HYP883>3.0.CO;2-F.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2287","endPage":"2299","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a060ee4b0c8380cd510d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troendle, C.A.","contributorId":103820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troendle","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021184,"text":"70021184 - 1999 - Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:47:26","indexId":"70021184","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydroxyatrazine (HA) is the major metabolite of atrazine in most surface soils. Knowledge of HA sorption to soils, and its pattern of stream water contamination suggest that it is persistent in the environment. Soils with different atrazine use histories were collected from four sites, and sediments were collected from an agricultural watershed. Samples were exhaustively extracted with a mixed—mode extractant, and HA was quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Atrazine, deethylatrazine (DEA), and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) were also measured in all samples. Concentrations of HA were considerably greater than concentrations of atrazine, DEA, and DIA in all soils and sediments studied. Soil concentrations of HA ranged from 14 to 640 μg/kg with a median concentration of 84 μg/kg. Sediment concentrations of HA ranged from 11 to 96 μg/kg, with a median concentration of 14 μg/kg. Correlations of HA and atrazine concentrations to soil properties indicated that HA levels in soils were controlled by sorption of atrazine. Because atrazine hydrolysis is known to be enhanced by sorption and pH extremes, soils with high organic matter (OM) and clay content and low pH will result in greater atrazine sorption and subsequent hydrolysis. Significant correlation of HA concentrations to OM, pH, and cation exchange capacity of sediments indicated that mixed—mode sorption (i.e., binding by cation exchange and hydrophobic interactions) was the mechanism controlling HA levels in sediment. The presence of HA in soils and stream sediments at the levels observed support existing hypotheses regarding its transport in surface runoff. These results also indicated that persistence of HA in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is an additional risk factor associated with atrazine usage.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620181007","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Lerch, R., Thurman, E., and Blanchard, P., 1999, Hydroxyatrazine in soils and sediments: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 18, no. 10, p. 2161-2168, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620181007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2161","endPage":"2168","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230139,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37b3e4b0c8380cd610aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lerch, R.N.","contributorId":88504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, P.E.","contributorId":76900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021929,"text":"70021929 - 1999 - Sedimentary record of anthropogenic and biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T18:01:45","indexId":"70021929","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary record of anthropogenic and biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"<p>Dated sediment cores collected from Richardson and San Pablo Bays in San Francisco Bay were used to reconstruct a history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination. The sedimentary record of PAHs in Richardson Bay shows that anthropogenic inputs have increased since the turn of the century, presumably as a result of increasing urbanization and industrialization around the Bay Area. Concentrations range from about 0.04-6.3 ??g g-1. The dominant origin of the PAHs contributing to this modern contamination is from combustion processes. Depth profiles in San Pablo Bay indicate higher concentrations of PAHs since the 1950s than during the late 1800s, also presumably resulting from an increase in urbanization and industrialization. Total PAHs in San Pablo Bay range from about 0.04-1.3 ??g g-1. The ratios of methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene and (methylfluoranthenes + methylpyrenes)/fluoranthene were sensitive indicators of anthropogenic influences in the estuary. Variations in the ratio of 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene/2,6-dimethylphenanthrene indicate a gradual replacement of wood by fossil-fuel as the main combustion source of PAHs in. San Francisco Bay sediments. The profile of perylene may be an indicator of eroding peat from marshlands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00087-5","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Hostettler, F.D., Luoma, S.N., VanGeen, A., Fuller, C.C., and Anima, R.J., 1999, Sedimentary record of anthropogenic and biogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 99-113, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00087-5.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.0908203125,\n              37.29153547292737\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78344726562499,\n              37.29153547292737\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.78344726562499,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0908203125,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.0908203125,\n              37.29153547292737\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a35e4b08c986b3170b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hostettler, Frances D. fdhostet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"Frances","email":"fdhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":778896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Anima, R. J.","contributorId":106115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021177,"text":"70021177 - 1999 - Simultaneous reduction of nitrate and selenate by cell suspensions of selenium-respiring bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T17:58:48.6387","indexId":"70021177","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous reduction of nitrate and selenate by cell suspensions of selenium-respiring bacteria","docAbstract":"<p><span>Washed-cell suspensions of&nbsp;</span><i>Sulfurospirillum barnesii</i><span>reduced selenate [Se(VI)] when cells were cultured with nitrate, thiosulfate, arsenate, or fumarate as the electron acceptor. When the concentration of the electron donor was limiting, Se(VI) reduction in whole cells was approximately fourfold greater in Se(VI)-grown cells than was observed in nitrate-grown cells; correspondingly, nitrate reduction was ∼11-fold higher in nitrate-grown cells than in Se(VI)-grown cells. However, a simultaneous reduction of nitrate and Se(VI) was observed in both cases. At nonlimiting electron donor concentrations, nitrate-grown cells suspended with equimolar nitrate and selenate achieved a complete reductive removal of nitrogen and selenium oxyanions, with the bulk of nitrate reduction preceding that of selenate reduction. Chloramphenicol did not inhibit these reductions. The Se(VI)-respiring haloalkaliphile&nbsp;</span><i>Bacillus arsenicoselenatis</i><span>&nbsp;gave similar results, but its Se(VI) reductase was not constitutive in nitrate-grown cells. No reduction of Se(VI) was noted for&nbsp;</span><i>Bacillus selenitireducens</i><span>, which respires selenite. The results of kinetic experiments with cell membrane preparations of&nbsp;</span><i>S. barnesii</i><span>&nbsp;suggest the presence of constitutive selenate and nitrate reduction, as well as an inducible, high-affinity nitrate reductase in nitrate-grown cells which also has a low affinity for selenate. The simultaneous reduction of micromolar Se(VI) in the presence of millimolar nitrate indicates that these organisms may have a functional use in bioremediating nitrate-rich, seleniferous agricultural wastewaters. Results with</span><sup>75</sup><span>Se-selenate tracer show that these organisms can lower ambient Se(VI) concentrations to levels in compliance with new regulations proposed for release of selenium oxyanions into the environment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.65.10.4385-4392.1999","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R., Blum, J., Bindi, A., Dowdle, P., Herbel, M., and Stolz, J., 1999, Simultaneous reduction of nitrate and selenate by cell suspensions of selenium-respiring bacteria: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 65, no. 10, p. 4385-4392, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.10.4385-4392.1999.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"4385","endPage":"4392","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479482,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4385-4392.1999","text":"External Repository"},{"id":230017,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.40714829011188,\n              34.95937166589886\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.17094223542429,\n              34.93235539692385\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.07206528229949,\n              34.95036723202318\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87980454011176,\n              34.81067208951639\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.57768051667443,\n              35.00887836602165\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.7479686026119,\n              35.14374438857065\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.50626938386176,\n              35.31873662181887\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77543442292438,\n              35.368025122142015\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.69853012604949,\n              35.98825513872099\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.86881821198696,\n              36.312052039937\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.12699692292446,\n              36.53747196450577\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.30827133698673,\n              36.76375023684244\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.46207993073685,\n              37.03171841353769\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.78068344636188,\n              37.259406489282455\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.78068344636188,\n              37.403545027625654\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.00041000886173,\n              37.48640837134141\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.28056137604918,\n              37.877670317750244\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4563426260492,\n              38.19782619497977\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.25834457917418,\n              38.14146103768468\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62089340729938,\n              37.773311592507085\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75822250886182,\n              37.5994269502673\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.4506053213619,\n              37.47310583288018\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34074204011196,\n              37.26792445847737\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.14848129792423,\n              36.9876272964828\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92326157136179,\n              36.73487809132645\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92326157136179,\n              36.55858482355269\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.63761704011182,\n              36.49237086778392\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.6156443838619,\n              36.38188839542441\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.39591782136168,\n              36.31109710946848\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.48930161042426,\n              36.05838065952628\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.19816391511156,\n              35.8697070697518\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.06632797761169,\n              35.669141344991104\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.89054672761165,\n              35.43674739770823\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.68180649323656,\n              35.221632774539046\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.40714829011188,\n              34.95937166589886\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90d6e4b08c986b31969b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blum, J.S.","contributorId":105070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bindi, A.B.","contributorId":83391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bindi","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dowdle, P.R.","contributorId":77678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowdle","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herbel, M.","contributorId":77799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbel","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stolz, J.F.","contributorId":94022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolz","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70021175,"text":"70021175 - 1999 - Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T09:11:07","indexId":"70021175","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport","docAbstract":"<p>The development and distribution of phytoplankton blooms in estuaries are functions of both local conditions (i.e. the production-loss balance for a water column at a particular spatial location) and large-scale horizontal transport. In this study, the second of a 2-paper series, we use a depth-averaged hydrodynamic-biological model to identify transport-related mechanisms impacting phytoplankton biomass accumulation and distribution on a system level. We chose South San Francisco Bay as a model domain, since its combination of a deep channel surrounded by broad shoals is typical of drowned-river estuaries. Five general mechanisms involving interaction of horizontal transport with variability in local conditions are discussed. Residual (on the order of days to weeks) transport mechanisms affecting bloom development and location include residence time/export, import, and the role of deep channel regions as conduits for mass transport. Interactions occurring on tidal time scales, i.e. on the order of hours) include the phasing of lateral oscillatory tidal flow relative to temporal changes in local net phytoplankton growth rates, as well as lateral sloshing of shoal-derived biomass into deep channel regions during ebb and back into shallow regions during flood tide. Based on these results, we conclude that: (1) while local conditions control whether a bloom is possible, the combination of transport and spatial-temporal variability in local conditions determines if and where a bloom will actually occur; (2) tidal-time-scale physical-biological interactions provide important mechanisms for bloom development and evolution. As a result of both subtidal and tidal-time-scale transport processes, peak biomass may not be observed where local conditions are most favorable to phytoplankton production, and inherently unproductive areas may be regions of high biomass accumulation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps187017","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., Cloern, J., and Thompson, J., 1999, Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 187, p. 17-30, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187017.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":266014,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps187017"},{"id":229979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8db2e4b0c8380cd7ed96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70021170,"text":"70021170 - 1999 - A siphon gage for monitoring surface-water levels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:35:04","indexId":"70021170","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A siphon gage for monitoring surface-water levels","docAbstract":"A device that uses a siphon tube to establish a hydraulic connection between the bottom of an onshore standpipe and a point at the bottom of a water body was designed and tested for monitoring surface-water levels. Water is added to the standpipe to a level sufficient to drive a complete slug of water through the siphoning tube and to flush all air out of the system. The water levels in the standpipe and the water body equilibrate and provide a measurable static water surface in the standpipe. The siphon gage was designed to allow quick and accurate year-round measurements with minimal maintenance. Currently available devices for monitoring surface-water levels commonly involve time-consuming and costly installation and surveying, and the movement of reference points and the presence of ice cover in cold regions cause discontinuity and inaccuracy in the data collected. Installation and field testing of a siphon gage using 0.75-in-diameter polyethylene tubing at Ashumet Pond in Falmouth, Massachusetts, demonstrated that the siphon gage can provide long-term data with a field effort and accuracy equivalent to measurement of ground-water levels at an observation well.A device that uses a siphon tube to establish a hydraulic connection between the bottom of an onshore standpipe and a point at the bottom of a water body was designed and tested for monitoring surface-water levels. Water is added to the standpipe to a level sufficient to drive a complete slug of water through the siphoning tube and to flush all air out of the system. The water levels in the standpipe and the water body equilibrate and provide a measurable static water surface in the standpipe. The siphon gage was designed to allow quick and accurate year-round measurements with minimal maintenance. Currently available devices for monitoring surface-water levels commonly involve time-consuming and costly installation and surveying, and the movement of reference points and the presence of ice cover in cold regions cause discontinuity and inaccuracy in the data collected. Installation and field testing of a siphon gage using 0.75-in-diameter polyethylene tubing at Ashumet Pond in Falmouth, Massachusetts, demonstrated that the siphon gage can provide long-term data with a field effort and accuracy equivalent to measurement of ground-water levels at an observation well.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04201.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"McCobb, T.D., LeBlanc, D.R., and Socolow, R.S., 1999, A siphon gage for monitoring surface-water levels: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1141-1146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1999.tb04201.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1141","endPage":"1146","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e599e4b0c8380cd46e6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCobb, Timothy D. 0000-0003-1533-847X tmccobb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1533-847X","contributorId":2012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCobb","given":"Timothy","email":"tmccobb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Socolow, Roy S.","contributorId":65070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":388875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021131,"text":"70021131 - 1999 - Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:36:40","indexId":"70021131","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation","docAbstract":"<p><span>To explore how high flows limit the streamward extent of riparian vegetation we quantified the effects of sediment mobilization and extended inundation on box elder (</span><i>Acer negundo</i><span>) saplings along the cobble-bed Gunnison River in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument, Colorado, USA. We counted and aged box elders in 144 plots of 37.2 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>, and combined a hydraulic model with the hydrologic record to determine the maximum shear stress and number of growing-season days inundated for each plot in each year of the record. We quantified the effects of the two mortality factors by calculating the extreme values survived during the lifetime of trees sampled in 1994 and by recounting box elders in the plots following a high flow in 1995. Both mortality factors can be modeled as threshold functions; box elders are killed either by inundation for more than 85 days during the growing season or by shear stress that exceeds the critical value for mobilization of the underlying sediment particles. Construction of upstream reservoirs in the 1960s and 1970s reduced the proportion of the canyon bottom annually cleared of box elders by high flows. Furthermore, because the dams decreased the magnitude of high flows more than their duration, flow regulation has decreased the importance of sediment mobilization relative to extended inundation. We use the threshold functions and cross-section data to develop a response surface predicting the proportion of the canyon bottom cleared at any combination of flow magnitude and duration. This response surface allows vegetation removal to be incorporated into quantitative multi-objective water management decisions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<463::AID-RRR559>3.0.CO;2-Z","usgsCitation":"Friedman, J.M., and Auble, G.T., 1999, Mortality of riparian box elder from sediment mobilization and extended inundation: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 15, no. 5, p. 463-476, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<463::AID-RRR559>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"476","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Black Canyon, Gunnison National Monument, Gunnison River","volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e79e4b0c8380cd70a80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70021130,"text":"70021130 - 1999 - Holocene chronology for lunette dune deposition on the Southern High Plains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:49","indexId":"70021130","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Holocene chronology for lunette dune deposition on the Southern High Plains, USA","docAbstract":"Lunettes flank the margins of numerous ephemeral lakes that occur across the Southern High Plains of the United States. While their genesis is closely associated with the hydrology of the adjacent lake systems, the detailed inter-relationships between climate changes and geomorphological and hydrological changes upon the lake-lunette system has been hindered by an absence of reliable age control. In order to develop a chronology of lunette deposition, a luminescence dating programme was undertaken on surface collected and core sections from sets of lunettes which flank the southeast margins of three lake basins near Lubbock, Texas. In contrast to the preconception that the formation of lunettes occurred primarily during the last glacial maximum (18-12 ka), the inner two lunette ridges were observed to be emplaced in a punctuated manner during the middle and late Holocene from 5.6??0.5 to 0.7??0.02 ka. The chronostratigraphy developed in the context of the complex hydrogeological processes associated with the Lubbock lake basins demonstrates that the records of activity preserved within the lunettes provides a useful resolution record of climate change and landscape response.","largerWorkTitle":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","language":"English","issn":"00442798","usgsCitation":"Rich, J., Stokes, S., and Wood, W., 1999, Holocene chronology for lunette dune deposition on the Southern High Plains, USA, <i>in</i> Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 116, p. 165-180.","startPage":"165","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31d8e4b0c8380cd5e29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rich, J.","contributorId":59193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokes, S.","contributorId":58041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokes","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70021122,"text":"70021122 - 1999 - Variations in trace element geochemistry in the Seine River Basin based on floodplain deposits and bed sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:18:57.222739","indexId":"70021122","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variations in trace element geochemistry in the Seine River Basin based on floodplain deposits and bed sediments","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group  metis-abstract\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Between 1990 and 1995 a series of bed sediment, suspended sediment and fresh floodplain samples were collected within the Seine River Basin, in France, to evaluate variations in trace element geochemistry. Average background trace element levels for the basin were determined from the collection and subsequent analyses of bed sediment samples from small rural watersheds and from a prehistoric (5000 BP) site in Paris. Concentrations are relatively low, and similar to those observed for fine-grained bed sediments from unaffected areas in the United States and Canada. However, the concentrations are somewhat higher than the reference levels presently adopted by French water authorities for areas north of the Seine Basin, which have similar bedrock lithologies. Downstream trace element variations were monitored in 1994 and 1995 using fresh surficial floodplain samples that were collected either as dried deposits a few days after peak discharge, or immediately after peak discharge (under ≤30 cm of water). Chemical comparisons between fresh floodplain deposits, and actual suspended sediments collected during flood events, indicate that, with some caveats, the former can be used as surrogates for the latter. The floodplain sediment chemical data indicate that within the Seine Basin, from the relatively unaffected headwaters through heavily affected urban streams, trace element concentrations vary by as much as three orders of magnitude. These trace element changes appear to be the result of both increases in population as well as concomitant increases in industrial activity. (This article is a US government work and is in the public domain in the United States.)</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990630)13:9<1329::AID-HYP811>3.0.CO;2-H","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Meybeck, M., Idlafkih, Z., and Biger, E., 1999, Variations in trace element geochemistry in the Seine River Basin based on floodplain deposits and bed sediments: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 9, p. 1329-1340, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19990630)13:9<1329::AID-HYP811>3.0.CO;2-H.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1329","endPage":"1340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc193e4b08c986b32a660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meybeck, Michel","contributorId":43521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meybeck","given":"Michel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Idlafkih, Z.","contributorId":96440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Idlafkih","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biger, E.","contributorId":20106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biger","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70021045,"text":"70021045 - 1999 - Sources of nitrate in water from springs and the Upper Floridan aquifer, Suwannee River basin, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T15:38:07","indexId":"70021045","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrate in water from springs and the Upper Floridan aquifer, Suwannee River basin, Florida","docAbstract":"In the Suwannee River basin of northern Florida, nitrate-N concentrations are 1.5 to 20 mg 1-1 in waters of the karstic Upper Floridan aquifer and in springs that discharge into the middle reach of the Suwannee River. During 1996-1997, fertilizers and animal wastes from farming operations in Suwannee County contributed approximately 49% and 45% of the total N input, respectively. Values of ??15N-NO3 in spring waters range from 3.9??? to 5.8???, indicating that nitrate most likely originates from a mixture of inorganic (fertilizers) and organic (animal waste) sources. In Lafayette County, animal wastes from farming operations and fertilizers contributed approximately 53% and 39% of the total N input, respectively, but groundwater near dairy and poultry farms has ??15N-NO3 values of 11.0-12.1???, indicative of an organic source of nitrate. Spring waters that discharge to the Suwannee River from Lafayette County have ??15N-NO3 values of 5.4-8.39???, which are indicative of both organic and inorganic sources. Based on analyses of CFCs, the mean residence time of shallow groundwater and spring water ranges between 8-12 years and 12-25 years, respectively.","largerWorkTitle":"Impacts of Land-Use Change on Nutrient Loads from Diffuse Sources: International Association of Hydrologic Sciences, Publication 257","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IUGG 99, the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics","conferenceDate":"18 July 1999 through 30 July 1999","conferenceLocation":"Birmingham, UK","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydrologic Sciences","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Hornsby, H., and Bohlke, J., 1999, Sources of nitrate in water from springs and the Upper Floridan aquifer, Suwannee River basin, Florida: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 257, p. 117-124.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"124","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9386e4b08c986b31a536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornsby, H.D.","contributorId":91139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornsby","given":"H.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020974,"text":"70020974 - 1999 - Butterfly (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) assemblages associated with natural, exotic, and restored riparian habitats along the lower Colorado River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:38:51","indexId":"70020974","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Butterfly (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) assemblages associated with natural, exotic, and restored riparian habitats along the lower Colorado River, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Butterfly assemblages were used to compare revegetated and natural riparian areas along the lower Colorado River. Species richness and correspondence analyses of assemblages showed that revegetated sites had fewer biological elements than more natural sites along the Bill Williams River. Data suggest that revegetated sites do not provide resources needed by some members of the butterfly assemblage, especially those species historically associated with the cottonwood/willow ecosystem. Revegetated sites generally lacked nectar resources, larval host plants, and closed canopies. The riparian system along the regulated river segment that contains these small revegetated sites also appears to have diminished habitat heterogeneity and uncoupled riparian corridors.</p><p>Revegetated sites were static environments without the successional stages caused by flooding disturbance found in more natural systems. We hypothesize that revegetation coupled with a more natural hydrology is important for restoration of butterfly assemblages along the lower Colorado River.<span>&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199911/12)15:6<485::AID-RRR550>3.0.CO;2-Z","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.M., and Andersen, D., 1999, Butterfly (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) assemblages associated with natural, exotic, and restored riparian habitats along the lower Colorado River, USA: Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 15, no. 6, p. 485-504, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199911/12)15:6<485::AID-RRR550>3.0.CO;2-Z.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"504","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Bill Williams River, Colorado River","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2bce4b0c8380cd4b322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andersen, D.C.","contributorId":19119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020971,"text":"70020971 - 1999 - Slip-rate increase at Parkfield in 1993 detected by high-precision EDM and borehole tensor strainmeters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:48","indexId":"70020971","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip-rate increase at Parkfield in 1993 detected by high-precision EDM and borehole tensor strainmeters","docAbstract":"On two of the instrument networks at Parkfield, California, the two-color Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) network and Borehole Tensor Strainmeter (BTSM) network, we have detected a rate change starting in 1993 that has persisted at least 5 years. These and other instruments capable of measuring crustal deformation were installed at Parkfield in anticipation of a moderate, M6, earthquake on the San Andreas fault. Many of these instruments have been in operation since the mid 1980s and have established an excellent baseline to judge changes in rate of deformation and the coherence of such changes between instruments. The onset of the observed rate change corresponds in time to two other changes at Parkfield. From late 1992 through late 1994, the Parkfield region had an increase in number of M4 to M5 earthquakes relative to the preceding 6 years. The deformation-rate change also coincides with the end of a 7-year period of sub-normal rainfall. Both the spatial coherence of the rate change and hydrological modeling suggest a tectonic explanation for the rate change. From these observations, we infer that the rate of slip increased over the period 1993-1998.On two of the instrument networks at Parkfield, California, the two-color Electronic Distance Meter (EDM) network and Borehole Tensor Strainmeter (BTSM) network, we have detected a rate change starting in 1993 that has persisted at least 5 years. These and other instruments capable of measuring crustal deformation were installed at Parkfield in anticipation of a moderate, M6, earthquake on the San Andreas fault. Many of these instruments have been in operation since the mid 1980s and have established an excellent baseline to judge changes in rate of deformation and the coherence of such changes between instruments. The onset of the observed rate change corresponds in time to two other changes at Parkfield. From late 1992 through late 1994, the Parkfield region had an increase in number of M4 to M5 earthquakes relative to the preceding 6 years. The deformation-rate change also coincides with the end of a 7-year period of sub-normal rainfall. Both the spatial coherence of the rate change and hydrological modeling suggest a tectonic explanation for the rate change. From these observations, we infer that the rate of slip increased over the period 1993-1998.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, United States","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., Gwyther, R.L., Hart, R., and Gladwin, M.T., 1999, Slip-rate increase at Parkfield in 1993 detected by high-precision EDM and borehole tensor strainmeters: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, no. 16, p. 2529-2532.","startPage":"2529","endPage":"2532","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9158e4b08c986b31985c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gwyther, R. L.","contributorId":67683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gwyther","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, R.H.G.","contributorId":42743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"R.H.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gladwin, M. T.","contributorId":30373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladwin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020969,"text":"70020969 - 1999 - Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T01:34:21.33467","indexId":"70020969","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p> Surface-water bodies are integral parts of groundwater flow systems. Groundwater interacts with surface water in nearly all landscapes, ranging from small streams, lakes, and wetlands in headwater areas to major river valleys and seacoasts. Although it generally is assumed that topographically high areas are groundwater recharge areas and topographically low areas are groundwater discharge areas, this is true primarily for regional flow systems. The superposition of local flow systems associated with surface-water bodies on this regional framework results in complex interactions between groundwater and surface water in all landscapes, regardless of regional topographic position. Hydrologic processes associated with the surface-water bodies themselves, such as seasonally high surface-water levels and evaporation and transpiration of groundwater from around the perimeter of surface-water bodies, are a major cause of the complex and seasonally dynamic groundwater flow fields associated with surface water. These processes have been documented at research sites in glacial, dune, coastal, mantled karst, and riverine terrains.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s100400050178","issn":"14312174","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1999, Relation of streams, lakes, and wetlands to groundwater flow systems: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 7, no. 1, p. 28-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/s100400050178.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229804,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a6ace4b0e8fec6cdc266","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70020956,"text":"70020956 - 1999 - Estimation of geomorphically significant flows in alpine streams of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T14:41:27","indexId":"70020956","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3246,"text":"Regulated Rivers: Research & Management","printIssn":"0886-9375","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of geomorphically significant flows in alpine streams of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflows recorded at 24 gauging stations in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado were analyzed to derive regional regression equations for estimating the natural flow duration and flood frequency in reaches where the natural flows are unknown or have been altered by diversion or regulation. The principal objective of this analysis is to determine whether the relatively high, infrequent, but geomorphically and ecologically important flows in the Rocky Mountains can be accurately estimated by regional flow duration equations. The region considered in this study is an area of relatively abundant runoff, and, consequently, intense water resources development. The specific streams analyzed here, however, are unaltered and remain nearly pristine.</p><p>Regional flow duration equations are derived for two situations. When the mean annual discharge is known, flows ≧10% of the time can be estimated with an uncertainty of ±9% for the 10% exceedance flow, to ±11% for the 1.0% exceedance flow. When the mean annual discharge is unknown, the relatively high, infrequent flow can be estimated using the mean basin precipitation rate (in m<sup>3</sup>/s), and basin relief with an uncertainty of ±23% for the 10% exceedance flow to ±21% for the 1.0% exeedance flow. The uncertainty in estimated discharges using the equations derived in this analysis is substantially smaller than has been previously reported, especially for the geomorphically significant flows which are relatively large and infrequent. The improvement is due primarily to the quality of streamflow records analyzed and a well-defined hydrologic region.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199907/08)15:4<273::AID-RRR519>3.0.CO;2-B","usgsCitation":"Surian, N., and Andrews, E., 1999, Estimation of geomorphically significant flows in alpine streams of the Rocky Mountains, Colorado (USA): Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, v. 15, no. 4, p. 273-288, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199907/08)15:4<273::AID-RRR519>3.0.CO;2-B.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"288","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b8ce4b0c8380cd52784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Surian, Nicola","contributorId":54369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Surian","given":"Nicola","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17793,"text":"University of Padova, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, E.D.","contributorId":13922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70020943,"text":"70020943 - 1999 - Transport, retention, and ecological significance of woody debris within a large ephemeral river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:07:36.215164","indexId":"70020943","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport, retention, and ecological significance of woody debris within a large ephemeral river","docAbstract":"<div class=\"col-lg-9 article__content\"><div class=\"article__body show-references \"><div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><div class=\"abstractSection abstractInFull\"><p>The spatiotemporal patterns and ecological significance of the retention of coarse particulate organic matter and large woody debris have been intensively studied in perennial rivers and streams but are virtually unknown in ephemeral systems. We examined the influence of 2 features characteristic of ephemeral systems, downstream hydrologic decay and in-channel tree growth, on the distribution, transport, and retention of woody debris following a flood having a ∼2.6-y recurrence interval in the ephemeral Kuiseb River in southwestern Africa. A total of 2105 pieces of wood were painted at 8 sites along the river channel to measure retention patterns. The flood had a peak discharge of 159 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s at the upper end of the study area, decaying to &lt;1 m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/s by 200 km downstream. Downstream export of wood from marking sites totaled 59.5% (n = 1253). Transport distances ranged from 1 to 124 km, and 34.8% (n = 436) of the exported wood was recovered. Marked wood retained within marking sites was significantly longer than exported wood (p &lt; 0.001, t-test). Once in transport, there was little correlation between wood length and distance traveled (r = 0.11, correlation analysis, n = 369). Length influenced the site of retention; material retained on debris piles was significantly longer than that stranded on channel sediments (p &lt; 0.001, t-test). In-channel growth of Faidherbia trees significantly influenced wood retention; 83.7% of marked wood not moved by the flood was associated with debris piles on Faidherbia trees. Similarly, 65% of the exported wood retained within downstream debris piles was associated with Faidherbia trees. In contrast to many perennial systems, we observed a general increase in wood retention downstream, peaking in the river's lower reaches in response to hydrologic decay. Debris piles induced sediment deposition and the formation of in-channel islands. Following flood recession, debris piles and their associated sediments provided moist, organic-rich microhabitats, which were focal points for decomposition and secondary production, mimicking patterns reported from the channels of perennial streams and rivers. The ecological significance of retentive obstacles and associated organic debris is a feature common to all fluvial ecosystems, irrespective of their hydrologic regime.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1468376","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, P., Jacobson, K., Angermeier, P., and Cherry, D., 1999, Transport, retention, and ecological significance of woody debris within a large ephemeral river: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 18, no. 4, p. 429-444, https://doi.org/10.2307/1468376.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"444","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb75de4b08c986b327210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, P.J.","contributorId":18529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, K.M.","contributorId":105465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, P. L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":6410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cherry, D.S.","contributorId":87321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70020921,"text":"70020921 - 1999 - Nitrate in groundwater of the midwestern United States: A regional investigation on relations to land use and soil properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T08:02:33","indexId":"70020921","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nitrate in groundwater of the midwestern United States: A regional investigation on relations to land use and soil properties","docAbstract":"<p>The intense application of nitrogen-fertilizer to cropland in the midwestern United States has created concern about nitrate contamination of the region's aquifers. Since 1991, the US Geological Survey has used a network of 303 wells to investigate the regional distribution of nitrate in near-surface aquifers of the midwestern United States. Detailed land use and soil data were compiled within a 2 km radius of 100 unconsolidated wells in the regional network to determine relations to nitrate concentrations in groundwater. For land use, the amount of irrigated land was directly related to nitrate concentrations in groundwater. For soils, the general water table depth and soil factors associated with rates of water movement were directly related to nitrate concentrations in groundwater.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1999 IUGG 99, the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics","conferenceDate":"18 July 1999 through 30 July 1999","conferenceLocation":"Birmingham, UK","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Burkart, M., and Goolsby, D., 1999, Nitrate in groundwater of the midwestern United States: A regional investigation on relations to land use and soil properties: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 257, p. 111-116.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"116","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","issue":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66aae4b0c8380cd72eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.","contributorId":18128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkart, M.","contributorId":88902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkart","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D.","contributorId":55597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70020913,"text":"70020913 - 1999 - Socioeconomic impacts of climate change on U.S. water supplies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70020913","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Socioeconomic impacts of climate change on U.S. water supplies","docAbstract":"A greenhouse warming would have major effects on water supplies and demands. A framework for examining the socioeconomic impacts associated with changes in the long-term availability of water is developed and applied to the hydrologic implications of the Canadian and British Hadley2 general circulation models (GCMs) for the 18 water resource regions in the conterminous United States. The climate projections of these two GCMs have very different implications for future water supplies and costs. The Canadian model suggests most of the nation would be much drier in the year 2030. Under the least-cost management scenario the drier climate could add nearly $105 billion to the estimated costs of balancing supplies and demands relative to the costs without climate change. Measures to protect instream flows and irrigation could result in significantly higher costs. In contrast, projections based on the Hadley model suggest water supplies would increase throughout much of the nation, reducing the costs of balancing water supplies with demands relative to the no-climate-change case.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Frederick, K., and Schwarz, G., 1999, Socioeconomic impacts of climate change on U.S. water supplies, <i>in</i> Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 6, p. 1563-1583.","startPage":"1563","endPage":"1583","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229683,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b91cbe4b08c986b319ae5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frederick, K.D.","contributorId":90063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwarz, G. E. 0000-0002-9239-4566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":14852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"G. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}