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,{"id":31953,"text":"ofr9625 - 1996 - Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison Counties, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-16T19:59:42.056548","indexId":"ofr9625","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-25","title":"Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison Counties, Vermont","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9625","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G., and Falta, C., 1996, Preliminary bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison Counties, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-25, 2 Plates: 45.53 × 35.32 inches and 43.28 × 34.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9625.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 45.53 × 35.32 inches and 43.28 × 34.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397793,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18569.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":60108,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0025/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60107,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0025/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","county":"Addison County, Rutland County, Windsor County","otherGeospatial":"Rochester quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              43.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.875,\n              43.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              43.875\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.75,\n              43.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c970","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, G. J. 0000-0003-4264-8836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":47409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falta, C. K.","contributorId":37382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falta","given":"C. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":67132,"text":"i2526 - 1996 - Surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20900,"text":"ofr94162 - 1994 - Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Plant and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado","indexId":"ofr94162","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Plant and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":67132,"text":"i2526 - 1996 - Surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado","indexId":"i2526","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:16","indexId":"i2526","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2526","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2526","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R., and Carrara, P., 1996, Surficial geologic map of the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site and vicinity, Jefferson and Boulder counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2526, 1 map :col. ;41 x 55 cm., on sheet 77 x 105 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2526.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;41 x 55 cm., on sheet 77 x 105 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":107445,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10309.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10309"},{"id":187481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"2000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.23333333333333,39.8675 ], [ -105.23333333333333,39.90083333333333 ], [ -105.16666666666667,39.90083333333333 ], [ -105.16666666666667,39.8675 ], [ -105.23333333333333,39.8675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688e27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, R. R.","contributorId":44133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"R. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carrara, P. E.","contributorId":33727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":275651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27284,"text":"wri944173 - 1996 - Temporal changes in the configuration of the water table in the vicinity of the management systems evaluation area site, central Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T15:56:26","indexId":"wri944173","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4173","title":"Temporal changes in the configuration of the water table in the vicinity of the management systems evaluation area site, central Nebraska","docAbstract":"To improve understanding of the hydrologic characteristics of the shallow aquifer in the vicinity of the Management Systems Evaluation Area site near Shelton, Nebraska, water levels were measured in approximately 130 observation wells in both June and September 1991. Two water-table maps and a water-level-change map were drawn on the basis of these measurements. In addition, historical data from U.S. Geological Survey computer files and published reports were used to determine the approximate configuration of the water table in 1931 and to draw one short-term and two-long term water- level hydrographs. Comparison of the three water- table maps indicates general similarities. The average horizontal hydraulic gradient in the shallow aquifer is about 7.5 feet per mile, and the flow direction is to the east-northeast. The water table declined 2 to 10 feet between June and September 1991, with the greatest decline occurring in a wedge-shaped area south of the Wood River and north of the Platte River. The 1991 water-table configurations appear to indicate that the aquifer either was discharging to the Platte River in this reach or there was little flow between the river and the aquifer. Comparison of the 1931 and 1991 water-table maps indicates that, except for short-term variations, the water-table configuration changed little during this 61-year period. Two long-term water-level hydrographs confirm this conclusion, indicating that the shallow aquifer in this area has been in long-term, dynamic equilibrium.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944173","usgsCitation":"Kilpatrick, J.M., 1996, Temporal changes in the configuration of the water table in the vicinity of the management systems evaluation area site, central Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4173, 1 Plate: 39.36 x 39.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944173.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.36 x 39.77 inches","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4173/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278847,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4173/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River, Wood River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.916667,40.666667 ], [ -98.916667,40.833333 ], [ -98.633333,40.833333 ], [ -98.633333,40.666667 ], [ -98.916667,40.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68559e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilpatrick, John M. 0000-0002-1180-3752 jmkilpat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-3752","contributorId":1010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"John","email":"jmkilpat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33244,"text":"b2152 - 1996 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T20:52:46.739242","indexId":"b2152","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2152","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2152","usgsCitation":"Moore, T.E., and Dumoulin, J.A., 1996, Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2152, vii, 217 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2152.","productDescription":"vii, 217 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,{"id":2440,"text":"wsp2357C - 1996 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20391,"text":"ofr92642 - 1993 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","indexId":"ofr92642","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma: Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2440,"text":"wsp2357C - 1996 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","indexId":"wsp2357C","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:38:15.022407","indexId":"wsp2357C","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2357","chapter":"C","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations","docAbstract":"Ground-water samples, core samples, and hydrologic measurements were obtained in the Central Oklahoma Aquifer as part of the pilot National Water-Quality Assessment Program. This report examines ground-water recharge and discharge, the potentiometric surface, the chemical and isotopic composition of ground water, and the abundances and textures of minerals in core materials to determine the rates and directions of ground-water flow and the geochemical reactions occurring within the aquifer.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National water-quality assessment - Central Oklahoma aquifer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2357C","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Christenson, S.C., and Breit, G.N., 1996, Ground-water-quality assessment of the central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma — Geochemical and geohydrologic investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2357, ix, 101 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2357C.","productDescription":"ix, 101 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25482.htm"},{"id":28510,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              34.9320\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767,\n              34.9320\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.767,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.675,\n              34.9320\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a11c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24422,"text":"ofr9623 - 1996 - Fracture patterns and their origin in the upper Devonian Antrim Shale gas reservoir of the Michigan basin: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:14:42.377963","indexId":"ofr9623","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-23","title":"Fracture patterns and their origin in the upper Devonian Antrim Shale gas reservoir of the Michigan basin: A review","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION: \r\nBlack shale members of the Upper Devonian Antrim Shale are both the source and reservoir for a regional gas accumulation that presently extends across parts of six counties in the northern part of the Michigan basin (fig. 1). Natural fractures are considered by most petroleum geologists and oil and gas operators who work the Michigan basin to be a necessary condition for commercial gas production in the Antrim Shale. Fractures provide the conduits for free gas and associated water to flow to the borehole through the black shale which, otherwise, has a low matrix permeability. Moreover, the fractures assist in the release of gas adsorbed on mineral and(or) organic matter in the shale (Curtis, 1992). Depths to the gas-producing intervals (Norwood and Lachine Members) generally range from 1,200 to 1,800 ft (Oil and Gas Journal, 1994). Locally, wells that produce gas from the accumulation are as deep as 2,200 (Oil and Gas Journal, 1994). Even though natural fractures are an important control on Antrim Shale gas production, most wells require stimulation by hydraulic fracturing to attain commercial production rates (Kelly, 1992). In the U.S. Geological Survey's National Assessment of United States oil and gas, Dolton (1995) estimates that, at a mean value, 4.45 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas are recoverable as additions to already discovered quantities from the Antrim Shale in the productive area of the northern Michigan trend. Dolton (1995) also suggests that undiscovered Antrim Shale gas accumulations exist in other parts of the Michigan basin.\r\n\r\nThe character, distribution, and origin of natural fractures in the Antrim Shale gas accumulation have been studied recently by academia and industry. The intent of these investigations is to: 1) predict 'sweet spots', prior to drilling, in the existing gas-producing trend, 2) improve production practices in the existing trend, 3) predict analogous fracture-controlled gas accumulations in other parts of the Michigan basin, and 4) improve estimates of the recoverable gas in the Antrim Shale gas plays (Dolton, 1995). This review of published literature on the characteristics of Antrim Shale fractures, their origin, and their controls on gas production will help to define objectives and goals in future U.S. Geological Survey studies of Antrim Shale gas resources.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9623","usgsCitation":"Ryder, R., 1996, Fracture patterns and their origin in the upper Devonian Antrim Shale gas reservoir of the Michigan basin: A review: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-23, ii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9623.","productDescription":"ii, 30 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54718.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0023/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":9115,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/of96-023/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0023/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.605,\n              44.8514\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3631,\n              44.8514\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.3631,\n              45.0261\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.605,\n              45.0261\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.605,\n              44.8514\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8831","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, Robert T.","contributorId":77918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"Robert T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24799,"text":"ofr95733 - 1996 - Stormwater-runoff data, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T13:31:20","indexId":"ofr95733","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-733","title":"Stormwater-runoff data, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993-94","docAbstract":"<p>Section 402(P) of the Water Quality Control Act of 1987 requires that municipalities with a population of 100,000 or more obtain permits to discharge stormwater runoff and to control its quality. Monitoring and sampling of stormwater runoff from seven drainage basins in Madison, Wis., was performed from April 1993 through November 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey and the city of Madison to (1) characterize the quantity and quality of wet-weather discharge, (2) determine storm and annual loadings of selected constituents, and (3) characterize rainfall and runoff conditions. The seven basins were selected for monitoring rainfall and runoff on the basis of land-use characteristics, dry-weather flow conditions, and monitorability.</p>\n<p>As required by Section 402(P) of the Water Quality Control Act of 1987, stormwater-runoff samples collected during storms that met three criteria (rainfall depths 50 to 150 percent of average depth range, rainfall durations 50 to 150 percent of average duration, and antecedent dry-weather period of at least 72 hours) were analyzed for semivolatile organic chemicals, total metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, inorganic constituents, bacteria, oil and grease, pH, and water temperature. Two of the seven sites also had samples analyzed for volatile organic chemicals. In addition to the required sampling, additional runoff samples that did not necessarily meet the three rainfall criteria, were analyzed for total metals and inorganic constituents. Storm loads of selected constituents were computed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95733","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Waschbusch, R., 1996, Stormwater-runoff data, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-733, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95733.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0733/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53812,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0733/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Madison","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.038532412654774\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.17463764270232\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              43.17463764270232\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.296875,\n              43.038532412654774\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.038532412654774\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1633","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waschbusch, R.J.","contributorId":107307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waschbusch","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24777,"text":"ofr9629 - 1996 - The Southern California Network Bulletin; January-December 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:11","indexId":"ofr9629","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-29","title":"The Southern California Network Bulletin; January-December 1995","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9629","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Wald, L.A., and Hauksson, E., 1996, The Southern California Network Bulletin; January-December 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-29, 29 p., 1 v.:ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9629.","productDescription":"29 p., 1 v.:ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0029/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53800,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0029/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a8d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, L. A.","contributorId":18781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hauksson, Egill","contributorId":48174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauksson","given":"Egill","affiliations":[{"id":27150,"text":"Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":192549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70201977,"text":"70201977 - 1996 - The Topography of Asteroid Ida: A Comparison between Photogrammetric and Shape­Form-Shading Image Analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:10:21","indexId":"70201977","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-31T10:09:22","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The Topography of Asteroid Ida: A Comparison between Photogrammetric and Shape­Form-Shading Image Analysis","docAbstract":"<p>We derived high resolution Digital Terrain Models from stereo images of the asteroid Ida that were obtained by the Galileo spacecraft during the flyby in August 1993 and compared these results with terrain models derived from two-dimensional photoclinometry. The comparison shows that there are striking discrepancies between the results from the two models depending on the spatial scale length of surface features. While photogrammetry resolves large- and medium-scale features, photoclinometry successfully resolves small-scale features. Ideally, both methods should be combined to optimize terrain modeling.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission III: Theory and Algorithms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission III: Theory and Algorithms","conferenceDate":"July 9-19, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Vienna, Austria","language":"English","publisher":"International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Giese, B., Oberst, J., Kirk, R.L., and Zeitler, W., 1996, The Topography of Asteroid Ida: A Comparison between Photogrammetric and Shape­Form-Shading Image Analysis, <i>in</i> Proceedings of XVIIIth ISPRS Congress Technical Commission III: Theory and Algorithms, Vienna, Austria, July 9-19, 1996, p. 245-250.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"250","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360959,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/XXXI/congress/part3/"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ida","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giese, Bernd","contributorId":211337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giese","given":"Bernd","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberst, Juergen","contributorId":211341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberst","given":"Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zeitler, W.","contributorId":6218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeitler","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70204865,"text":"70204865 - 1996 - Seagrass responses to long-term light reduction by brown tide in upper Laguna Madre, Texas: Distribution and biomass patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T14:03:46.394606","indexId":"70204865","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-25T10:40:47","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seagrass responses to long-term light reduction by brown tide in upper Laguna Madre, Texas: Distribution and biomass patterns","docAbstract":"<p><span>A brown tide caused by a very dense bloom of an as yet undescribed species of the new class Pelagophyceae was first reported in upper Laguna Madre, Texas, USA, in June 1990 and has been there continuously through December 1995. No change in response to reduced light was evident in the distribution of the seagrass&nbsp;</span><i>Halodule</i><i>wrightii</i><span>&nbsp;along transects sampled before the brown tide in 1988 and resampled after initiation of the brown tide in 1991 and 1992; however, in winter 1993-94 losses were documented over 2.6 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;of bottom and by winter 1994-95 the area of vegetation lost had more than tripled to 9.4 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. Changes in biomass presaged the changes in distribution. Decreases in biomass at depths &gt;1.4 m were evident 2 yr before bare areas were detected. Reductions in biomass were more pronounced toward the south, in keeping with a gradient of increasing light attenuation from north to south. Support of a diminishing number of new shoots by reclamation of nutrients and stored reserves from senescing shoots and rhizomes may allow&nbsp;</span><i>H.</i><i>wrightii<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>to persist under conditions of insufficient light for periods greatly in excess of the life span of any one shoot. This postulated capability would account for the pattern of diminishing biomass over time where the seagrass persists in deeper areas and the long lag between light reduction and change in distribution where the seagrass succumbed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps138219","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., 1996, Seagrass responses to long-term light reduction by brown tide in upper Laguna Madre, Texas: Distribution and biomass patterns: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 138, p. 219-231, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps138219.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490148,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps138219","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Upper Laguna Madre","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97.27020263671875,\n              27.69325634309158\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.42401123046875,\n              27.327855149448382\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.33612060546875,\n              27.301011379979172\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.20428466796875,\n              27.67379895781762\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.27020263671875,\n              27.69325634309158\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"138","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188940,"text":"70188940 - 1996 - Sediment quality assessment studies of Tampa bay, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T16:23:05","indexId":"70188940","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment quality assessment studies of Tampa bay, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>A survey of the toxicity of sediments throughout the Tampa Bay estuary was performed as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Status and Trends Program. The objectives of the survey were to determine the spatial extent and severity of toxicity and to identify relationships between chemical contamination and toxicity. Three independent toxicity tests were performed: a 10-d amphipod survival test of the whole sediments with </span><i>Ampelisca abdita</i><span>, a sea urchin fertilization test of sediment pore water with </span><i>Arbacia punctulata</i><span>, and a 5-min Microtox® bioluminescence test with solvent extracts of the sediments. Seventy-three percent of the 165 undiluted sediment pore-water samples were significantly toxic relative to reference samples with the sea urchin fertilization test. In contrast, only 2% of the 165 samples were significantly toxic in the amphipod tests. The causes of toxicity were not determined. However, concentrations of numerous trace metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ammonia were highly correlated with pore-water toxicity. Concentrations of many substances, especially total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), endrin, total PCBs, certain PAHs, lead, and zinc, occurred at concentrations in the toxic samples that equaled or exceeded concentrations that have been previously associated with sediment toxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620150730","usgsCitation":"Carr, S.R., Chapman, D., Long, E.R., Windom, H.L., Thursby, G., Sloane, G.M., and Wolfe, D.A., 1996, Sediment quality assessment studies of Tampa bay, Florida: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 7, p. 1218-1231, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620150730.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1218","endPage":"1231","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.90,\n              27.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3040771484375,\n              27.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3040771484375,\n              28.07\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90,\n              28.07\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.90,\n              27.45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536edee4b062508e3c7b07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, Scott R.","contributorId":193690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Long, Edward R.","contributorId":106365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Windom, Herbert L.","contributorId":193691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Windom","given":"Herbert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thursby, Glen","contributorId":192923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thursby","given":"Glen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sloane, Gail M.","contributorId":193692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sloane","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wolfe, Douglas A.","contributorId":111899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70188921,"text":"70188921 - 1996 - Embryotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): Theembryonic vasculature is a physiological target for TCDD-induced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in medaka (Orizias latipes)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T14:52:50","indexId":"70188921","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3612,"text":"Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Embryotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD): Theembryonic vasculature is a physiological target for TCDD-induced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in medaka (<i>Orizias latipes</i>)","title":"Embryotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): Theembryonic vasculature is a physiological target for TCDD-induced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in medaka (Orizias latipes)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vertebrate embryos are extremely sensitive to environmental contaminants known as planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs). The physiological targets that mediate PHH-induced embryotoxicity are not known. We have characterized embryotoxicity in medaka (</span><i>Orizias latipes</i><span>) caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-</span><i>p</i><span>-dioxin (TCDD), the prototypic PHH. DNA degradation in cells of the embryonic vasculature and loss of functional integrity of the medial yolk vein were demonstrated in TCDD-exposed embryos. Pharmacological intervention with piperonyl butoxide inhibited TCDD-induced DNA degradation, restored the functional integrity of the medial yolk vein, and protected against the embryotoxicity of TCDD. Treatment of TCDD-exposed embryos with the antioxidant </span><i>N</i><span>-acetylcysteine also provided significant protection against the embryotoxicity of TCDD. These results demonstrate that DNA damage and consequent cell death in the embryonic vasculature are key physiological mediators of TCDD-induced embryotoxicity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0041-008X(96)80005-6","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, S.M., Lutz, L.H., Tillitt, D.E., and Hannink, M., 1996, Embryotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD): Theembryonic vasculature is a physiological target for TCDD-induced DNA damage and apoptotic cell death in medaka (Orizias latipes): Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v. 141, no. 1, p. 23-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(96)80005-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"34","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343010,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536edfe4b062508e3c7b09","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cantrell, Susannah M.","contributorId":176727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cantrell","given":"Susannah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, Linda H.","contributorId":193167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lutz","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hannink, Mark","contributorId":193661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hannink","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70189417,"text":"70189417 - 1996 - Measures of fish behavior as indicators of sublethal toxicosis during standard toxicity tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T13:59:34","indexId":"70189417","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Measures of fish behavior as indicators of sublethal toxicosis during standard toxicity tests","docAbstract":"<p><span>Behavioral functions essential for growth and survival can be dramatically altered by sublethal exposure to toxicants. Measures of these behavioral responses are effective in detecting adverse effects of sublethal contaminant exposure. Behavioral responses of fishes can be qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated during routine toxicity tests. At selected intervals of exposure, qualitative evaluations are accomplished through direct observations, whereas video recordings are used for quantitative evaluations. Standardized procedures for behavioral evaluation are readily applicable to different fish species and provide rapid, sensitive, and ecologically relevant assessments of sublethal exposure. The methods are readily applied to standardized test protocols.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASTM International","publisherLocation":"West Conshohocken, PA","usgsCitation":"Little, E.E., and DeLonay, A., 1996, Measures of fish behavior as indicators of sublethal toxicosis during standard toxicity tests, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment, v. 4, p. 216-233.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"216","endPage":"233","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673546e4b0d1f9f05dd7fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Little, E. E.","contributorId":13187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeLonay, A. J. 0000-0002-3752-2799","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":34246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189711,"text":"70189711 - 1996 - Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls from hydrophobic solutions: Extracts of fish and dialysates of semipermeable membrane devices: Chapter 26","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T16:08:46","indexId":"70189711","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls from hydrophobic solutions: Extracts of fish and dialysates of semipermeable membrane devices: Chapter 26","docAbstract":"<p><span>Determination of PCBs in biological tissue extracts by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) can be problematic, since the hydrophobic solvents used for their extraction and isolation from interfering biochemicals have limited compatibility with the polar solvents (e.g. methanol/water) and the immunochemical reagents used in ELISA. Our studies of these solvent effects indicate that significant errors can occur when microliter volumes of PCB containing extracts, in hydrophobic solvents, are diluted directly into methanol/water diluents. Errors include low recovery and excess variability among sub-samples taken from the same sample dilution. These errors are associated with inhomogeneity of the dilution, which is readily visualized by the use of a hydrophobic dye, Solvent Blue 35. Solvent Blue 35 is also used to visualize the evaporative removal of hydrophobic solvent and the dissolution of the resulting PCB/dye residue by pure methanol and 50% (v/v) methanol/water, typical ELISA diluents. Evaporative removal of isooctane by an ambient temperature nitrogen purge with subsequent dissolution in 100% methanol gives near quantitative recovery of model PCB congeners. We also compare concentrations of total PCBs from ELISA (ePCB) to their corresponding concentrations determined from capillary gas chromatography (GC) in selected fish sample extracts and dialysates of semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) passive samplers using an optimized solvent exchange procedure. Based on Aroclor 1254 calibrations, ePCBs (ng/mL) determined in fish extracts are positively correlated with total PCB concentrations (ng/mL) determined by GC: ePCB = 1.16 * total-cPCB - 5.92. Measured ePCBs (ng/3 SPMDs) were also positively correlated (r</span><sup>2</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.999) with PCB totals (ng/3 SPMDs) measured by GC for dialysates of SPMDs: ePCB = 1.52 * total PCB - 212. Therefore, this ELISA system for PCBs can be a rapid alternative to traditional GC analyses for determination of PCBs in extracts of biota or in SPMD dialysates.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Immunochemical Methods","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/bk-1996-0646.ch026","usgsCitation":"Zajicek, J.L., Tillitt, D.E., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., Potts, M.E., and Nardone, D.A., 1996, Application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of polychlorinated biphenyls from hydrophobic solutions: Extracts of fish and dialysates of semipermeable membrane devices: Chapter 26, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Immunochemical Methods, v. 646, p. 307-325, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0646.ch026.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"646","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c8e4b0ec1a4885db01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zajicek, James L. jzajicek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James","email":"jzajicek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":705890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Potts, Michael E.","contributorId":194949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Potts","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nardone, David A.","contributorId":194950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nardone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70188923,"text":"70188923 - 1996 - Inexpensive, easy-to-construct suction coring devices usable from small boats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-08T12:29:15","indexId":"70188923","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inexpensive, easy-to-construct suction coring devices usable from small boats","docAbstract":"<p><span>Collection of sediment cores in depths of 1-5 m is difficult with traditional sampling gear. Here we describe three suction coring devices constructed with readily available plumbing supplies and parts easily made from acrylic plastic and silicone sealant. The samplers have been used successfully in sediments ranging from coarse sands and shell hash to muds, highly organic deposits, and dense clays. Successful applications have ranged from contaminants analysis, toxicity testing, seagrass mapping, and assessment of sediment-microfloral interactions to sampling the infauna of surf-swept beaches.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/D4268487-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Onuf, C.P., Chapman, D., and Rizzo, W.M., 1996, Inexpensive, easy-to-construct suction coring devices usable from small boats: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, no. 5, p. 1031-1032, https://doi.org/10.1306/D4268487-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1031","endPage":"1032","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eebe4b062508e3c7b48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Onuf, Christopher P.","contributorId":55091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Onuf","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":701292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rizzo, William M.","contributorId":193670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rizzo","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":701293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189721,"text":"70189721 - 1996 - Behavioral avoidance as evidence of injury to fishery resources: Applications to natural resource damage assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T11:53:54","indexId":"70189721","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Behavioral avoidance as evidence of injury to fishery resources: Applications to natural resource damage assessment","docAbstract":"<p>Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) provisions enacted under Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) empower natural resource trustees to seek compensation for environmental injury resulting from the release of oil or hazardous substances. Under NRDA regulations promulgated under CERCLA, fish avoidance behavior is recognized as an accepted injury, and may be used to support damage claims. In support of an ongoing damage assessment, tests were conducted to determine if avoidance of ambient metals concentrations may contribute to reductions in local salmonid populations. In laboratory tests, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and brown trout (<i>Salmo trutta</i>) avoided mixtures of metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) at concentrations that occur in impacted river reaches at a contaminated site (Clark Fork River, MT). Avoidance of metal contamination may contribute to population reductions and preclude restoration of instream populations by prohibiting movement of fish into contaminated areas of the river from uncontaminated tributaries. Laboratory avoidance tests were performed at two testing facilities. The similar avoidance responses observed at the two laboratories demonstrated the reproducibility of avoidance measures.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","usgsCitation":"Delonay, A.J., Little, E.E., Lipton, J., Woodward, D.F., and Hansen, J., 1996, Behavioral avoidance as evidence of injury to fishery resources: Applications to natural resource damage assessment, chap. <i>of</i> Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment, p. 268-280.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"268","endPage":"280","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"597312aee4b0ec1a488718fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Little, Edward E. 0000-0003-0034-3639 elittle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-3639","contributorId":1746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Little","given":"Edward","email":"elittle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipton, J.","contributorId":15841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipton","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodward, D. F.","contributorId":85645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, J.A.","contributorId":84523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70211104,"text":"70211104 - 1996 - Hazards and climatic impact of subduction‐zone volcanism: A global and historical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-15T14:28:23.525549","indexId":"70211104","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-14T14:37:36","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hazards and climatic impact of subduction‐zone volcanism: A global and historical perspective","docAbstract":"<p>Subduction-zone volcanoes account for more than 80 percent of the documented eruptions in recorded history, even though volcanism--deep and, hence, unobserved--along the global oceanic ridge systems overwhelmingly dominates in eruptive output. Because subduction-zone eruptions can be highly explosive, they pose some of the greatest natural hazards to society if the eruptions occur in densely populated regions. Of the six worst volcanic disasters since A.D. 1600, five have occurred at subduction-zone volcanoes: Unzen, Japan (1792); Tambora, Indonesia (1815); Krakatau, Indonesia (1883); Mont Pe16e, Martinique (1902); and Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia (1985). Sulfuric acid droplets in stratospheric volcanic clouds produced by voluminous explosive eruptions can influence global climate. The 1815 Tambora eruption caused in 1816 a decrease of several Celsius degrees in average summer temperature in Europe and the eastern United States and Canada, resulting in the well-known \"Year Without Summer.\" Similarly, the eruptions of E1 Chichon (Mexico) in 1982 and of Mount Pinatubo (Philippines) in 1991 lowered average temperatures for the northern hemisphere by as much as 0.2 to 0.5 øC, respectively. However, eruption-induced climatic effects of historical eruptions appear to be short-lived, lasting at most for only a few years. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Subduction: Top to Bottom","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1029/GM096p0331","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., 1996, Hazards and climatic impact of subduction‐zone volcanism: A global and historical perspective, chap. <i>of</i> Subduction: Top to Bottom, v. 96, p. 331-335, https://doi.org/10.1029/GM096p0331.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"335","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188691,"text":"70188691 - 1996 - Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) injected into the yolks of chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs prior to incubation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T12:09:31","indexId":"70188691","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (TCDD) injected into the yolks of chicken (<i>Gallus domesticus</i>) eggs prior to incubation","title":"Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) injected into the yolks of chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs prior to incubation","docAbstract":"<p><span>The yolks of White Leghorn chicken (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Gallus domesticus</i><span>) eggs were injected prior to incubation with either 3,3′,4,4′,5- pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) at doses ranging from 0.1 to 12.8 μg/kg egg or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">p</i><span>-dioxin (TCDD) at doses ranging from 0.04 to 0.64 μg/kg egg. Chicks were subjected to necropsy within 24 h of hatching. The brain, bursa, heart, liver, and spleen were removed and weighed. Assessment of the rate of hatching indicated an LD</span><sub>50</sub><span>±S.E. of 2.3±0.19 μg/kg egg (7.1±0.58 nmol/kg egg) for PCB 126 and 0.15±0.012 μg/kg egg (0.47±0.037 nmol/kg egg) for TCDD. No significant differences in the incidence of developmental abnormalities (structural defects and edema) were observed in TCDD-exposed embryos, while PCB 126 caused significantly more developmental abnormalities at 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 μg/kg egg than the vehicle control. PCB 126 caused lower hatchling weights and greater relative brain, heart, and liver weights when compared to the vehicle control group at a dose of 3.2 μg/kg egg which is greater than the LD</span><sub>50</sub><span>. TCDD at 0.08 μg/kg egg caused relative bursa weights to be less than those of the vehicle control. A toxic equivalency factor (TEF) of 0.07 was determined for PCB 126 in relation to TCDD based on overt lethality.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00212680","usgsCitation":"Powell, D., Aulerich, R., Meadows, J., Tillitt, D.E., Giesy, J., Stromborg, K., and Bursian, S., 1996, Effects of 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) injected into the yolks of chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs prior to incubation: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 31, p. 404-409, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212680.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"404","endPage":"409","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"594b85b6e4b062508e382ba6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powell, D.C.","contributorId":72899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulerich, R.J.","contributorId":39904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulerich","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meadows, J.C.","contributorId":91962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tillitt, D. E.","contributorId":83462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giesy, J. P.","contributorId":60574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giesy","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stromborg, K. L.","contributorId":34466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stromborg","given":"K. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bursian, S.J.","contributorId":16127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bursian","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":698937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70018977,"text":"70018977 - 1996 - Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic tides, retreat of the moon, and rotation of the earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T16:25:14.654967","indexId":"70018977","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic tides, retreat of the moon, and rotation of the earth","docAbstract":"<p><span>The tidal rhythmites in the Proterozoic Big Cottonwood Formation (Utah, United States), the Neoproterozoic Elatina Formation of the Flinders Range (southern Australia), and the Lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation (Alabama, United States) and Mansfield Formation (Indiana, United States) indicate that the rate of retreat of the lunar orbit is&nbsp;</span><i>d</i><span>ξ/</span><i>dt</i><span>&nbsp;∼&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;sin(2δ) (where ξ is the Earth-moon radius vector,&nbsp;</span><i>k</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;is the tidal Love number, and δ is the tidal lag angle) and that this rate has been approximately constant since the late Precambrian. When the contribution to tidal friction from the sun is taken into account, these data imply that the length of the terrestrial day 900 million years ago was ∼18 hours.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.273.5271.100","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Sonett, C., Kvale, E., Zakharian, A., Chan, M., and Demko, T., 1996, Late Proterozoic and Paleozoic tides, retreat of the moon, and rotation of the earth: Science, v. 273, no. 5271, p. 100-104, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.273.5271.100.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"104","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226530,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia, United States","state":"Alabama, Indiana, Utah","volume":"273","issue":"5271","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4551e4b0c8380cd671f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sonett, C.P.","contributorId":19309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonett","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvale, E.P.","contributorId":76076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvale","given":"E.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zakharian, A.","contributorId":11778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zakharian","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, M.A.","contributorId":52340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Demko, T.M.","contributorId":91999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demko","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5223138,"text":"5223138 - 1996 - Extremes in ecology: Avoiding the misleading effects of sampling variation in summary analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:19:00.214932","indexId":"5223138","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T12:17:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extremes in ecology: Avoiding the misleading effects of sampling variation in summary analyses","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surveys such as the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) produce large collections of parameter estimates. One's natural inclination when confronted with lists of parameter estimates is to look for the extreme values: in the BBS, these correspond to the species that appear to have the greatest changes in population size through time. Unfortunately, extreme estimates are liable to correspond to the most poorly estimated parameters. Consequently, the most extreme parameters may not match up with the most extreme parameter estimates. The ranking of parameter values on the basis of their estimates is a difficult statistical problem. We use data on 401 species from the BBS and simulations to illustrate the potential misleading effects of sampling variation in rankings of parameters. We describe empirical Bayes and constrained empirical Bayes procedures that provide partial solutions to the problem of ranking in the presence of sampling variation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2265557","usgsCitation":"Link, W.A., and Sauer, J.R., 1996, Extremes in ecology: Avoiding the misleading effects of sampling variation in summary analyses: Ecology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 1633-1640, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265557.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1633","endPage":"1640","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f89a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, William A. 0000-0002-9913-0256 wlink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":146920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"William","email":"wlink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70234173,"text":"70234173 - 1996 - Seismology, geology, and geotechnical issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-02T16:42:13.452794","indexId":"70234173","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T11:28:56","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Seismology, geology, and geotechnical issues","docAbstract":"<p>The Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of January 17, 1995 (5:46:52 JST) occurred in an area of complex faulting located near Awaji Island and the Hanshin area of Japan (34.607 N, 135.043 E, depth 14.3 km; Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA). The area which is near the urban centers of Kobe City and Osaka is located about 250 km from the Nankai trough, which forms the boundary between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates (Figure 2.1.1). The earthquake of magnitude 7.2 (JMA) is the most severe earthquake to affect the region this century. The largest previous earthquake near Kobe City was a magnitude 6.1 which occurred in 1916 on or near the same fault. Other large but distant earthquakes occurred in 1944 and 1946 along the plate boundary (Figure 2.1.1). Numerous faults known to be active in the Quaternary extend throughout the affected region (Figure 2.1.2). However, prior to January 17, 1995 the area was characterized by relatively low seismicity compared with areas near the plate boundaries (Figure 2.1.1). This 1995 earthquake having occurred at considerable distance from the plate margin, can be considered an intraplate event.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., and Holzer, T.L., 1996, Seismology, geology, and geotechnical issues, chap. 2 <i>of</i> The January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake, p. 5-60.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":404669,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication901.pdf","size":"37635 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Japan","state":"Hanshin","county":"Hyōgo Prefecture","city":"Kobe","otherGeospatial":"Awaji","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              133.758544921875,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              135.889892578125,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ],\n            [\n              135.889892578125,\n              35.016500995886005\n            ],\n            [\n              133.758544921875,\n              35.016500995886005\n            ],\n            [\n              133.758544921875,\n              33.8339199536547\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":848091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31942,"text":"ofr95818 - 1996 - Stratigraphic study of Elk Park wetland, Gilpin County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:15","indexId":"ofr95818","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-818","title":"Stratigraphic study of Elk Park wetland, Gilpin County, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95818","usgsCitation":"McCafferty, E.D., and Owen, D.E., 1996, Stratigraphic study of Elk Park wetland, Gilpin County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-818, 5 sections : photocopy ; on sheet 109 x 77 cm., folded to 28 x 22 cm. + 1 booklet (12 p. : maps ; 28 cm.) , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95818.","productDescription":"5 sections : photocopy ; on sheet 109 x 77 cm., folded to 28 x 22 cm. + 1 booklet (12 p. : maps ; 28 cm.) ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0818/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19577,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0818/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":60095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0818/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab9d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCafferty, Eric D.","contributorId":45357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24293,"text":"ofr9652B - 1996 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T14:22:21","indexId":"ofr9652B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-52","chapter":"B","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9652B","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Ratcliffe, N.M., and Armstrong, T.R., 1996, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Saxtons River 7.5 x 15 minute quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-52, 4 computer disks :col. ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9652B.","productDescription":"4 computer disks :col. ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277645,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0052b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratcliffe, N. M.","contributorId":80691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"N.","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, T. R.","contributorId":91528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24783,"text":"ofr9633B - 1996 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":24783,"text":"ofr9633B - 1996 - Digital bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Vermont","indexId":"ofr9633B","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Vermont"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":69409,"text":"i2626 - 2001 - Bedrock geologic map of the Rochester Quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison counties, Vermont","indexId":"i2626","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Rochester Quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison counties, Vermont"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":69409,"text":"i2626 - 2001 - Bedrock geologic map of the Rochester Quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison counties, Vermont","indexId":"i2626","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Rochester Quadrangle, Rutland, Windsor, and Addison counties, Vermont"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T14:20:38","indexId":"ofr9633B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-33","chapter":"B","title":"Digital bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9633B","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., and Falta, C.K., 1996, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Rochester quadrangle, Vermont (Superceded by Map I-2626): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-33, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9633B.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157515,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277642,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0033b/application.zip"}],"edition":"Superceded by Map I-2626","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b462f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falta, Christine K.","contributorId":81526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falta","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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