As part of the Episodic Response Project (ERP), we studied the effects of episodic acidification on fish in 13 small streams in the northeastern United States: four streams in the Adirondack region of New York, four streams in the Catskills, New York, and five streams in the northern Appalachian Plateau, Pennsylvania. In situ bioassays with brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and a forage fish species (blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi), or slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), depending on the region) measured direct toxicity. Movements of individual brook trout, in relation to stream chemistry, were monitored using radiotelemetry. Electrofishing surveys assessed fish community status and the density and biomass of brook trout in each stream. During low flow, all streams except one had chemical conditions considered suitable for the survival and reproduction of most fish species (median pH 6.0-7.2 during low flow; inorganic Al < 60 μg/L). ERP streams with suitable conditions during low flow, but moderate-to-severe episodic acidification during high flow, had higher fish mortality in bioassays, net down-stream movement of brook trout during events, and lower brook trout density and biomass compared to nonacidic streams, and lacked acid-sensitive fish species (blacknose dace and sculpin). Movement of trout into refugia (areas with higher pH and lower Al) during episodes partially mitigated the adverse effects of episodes. Recolonization from alkaline tributaries or microhabitats can maintain low densities of fish in streams that experience severe acidic episodes, but it is not sufficient to sustain fish densities and community composition at levels expected in the absence of these episodes. Fish responses to acid-base chemistry were fairly consistent across regions. In general, trout abundance was reduced and acid-sensitive fish species were absent from ERP streams with median pH < 5.0-5.2 during high flow and inorganic Al > 100-200 μg/L. We conclude that episodic acidification can have long-term effects on fish communities in small streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2269380","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Baker, J., Van Sickle, J., Gagen, C., DeWalle, D.R., Sharpe, W., Carline, R., Baldigo, B., Murdoch, P., Bath, D., Kretser, W., Simonin, H.A., and Wigington, P., 1996, Episodic acidification of small streams in the northeastern United states: Effects on fish populations: Ecological Applications, v. 6, no. 2, p. 422-437, https://doi.org/10.2307/2269380.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a0ee4b0c8380cd52198","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, J.P.","contributorId":95418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Sickle, J.","contributorId":79252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Sickle","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gagen, C.J.","contributorId":51233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gagen","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeWalle, David R.","contributorId":23291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWalle","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharpe, W.E.","contributorId":103016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carline, R.F.","contributorId":107444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carline","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":25174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bath, D.W.","contributorId":80436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bath","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kretser, W.A.","contributorId":102650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kretser","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Simonin, H. 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Jr.","contributorId":96433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wigington","given":"P.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70185304,"text":"70185304 - 1996 - Overview of a simple model describing variation of dissolved organic carbon in an upland catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:37:53","indexId":"70185304","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of a simple model describing variation of dissolved organic carbon in an upland catchment","docAbstract":"Hydrological mechanisms controlling the variation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were investigated in the Deer Creek catchment located near Montezuma, CO. Patterns of DOC in streamflow suggested that increased flows through the upper soil horizon during snowmelt are responsible for flushing this DOC-enriched interstitial water to the streams. We examined possible hydrological mechanisms to explain the observed variability of DOC in Deer Creek by first simulating the hydrological response of the catchment using TOPMODEL and then routing the predicted flows through a simple model that accounted for temporal changes in DOC. Conceptually the DOC model can be taken to represent a terrestrial (soil) reservoir in which DOC builds up during low flow periods and is flushed out when infiltrating meltwaters cause the water table to rise into this “reservoir”. Concentrations of DOC measured in the upper soil and in streamflow were compared to model simulations. The simulated DOC response provides a reasonable reproduction of the observed dynamics of DOC in the stream at Deer Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0304-3800(95)00049-6","usgsCitation":"Boyer, E.W., Hornberger, G., Bencala, K.E., and McKnight, D.M., 1996, Overview of a simple model describing variation of dissolved organic carbon in an upland catchment: Ecological Modelling, v. 86, no. 2-3, p. 183-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3800(95)00049-6.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"183","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337845,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1de4b0236b68f6738b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hornberger, George M.","contributorId":63894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"George M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":685096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4896,"text":"ds19 - 1996 - Geology and resource assessment of Costa Rica at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps of the U.S. Geological Survey's 1987 Folio I-1865","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"ds19","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"19","title":"Geology and resource assessment of Costa Rica at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps of the U.S. Geological Survey's 1987 Folio I-1865","docAbstract":"This CD-ROM contains digital versions of the geology and resource assessment maps of Costa Rica originally published by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Direccion General de Geologia, Minas e Hidrocarburos, and the Universidad de Costa Rica in 1987 at a scale of 1:500,000 in USGS Folio I-1865. The following layers of the map are available on the CD-ROM: geology, favorable domains for selected deposit types, Bouguer gravity, isostatic gravity, mineral deposits, and rock geochemistry sample points. Some of the layers are provided in the following formats: ArcView 1 for Windows and UNIX, ARC/INFO 6.1.2 Export, Digital Line Graph (DLG) Optional, and Drawing Exchange File (DXF). This CD-ROM was produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 and Apple Computer's HFS standards.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds19","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"060762177X","usgsCitation":"Schruben, P.G., 1996, Geology and resource assessment of Costa Rica at 1:500,000 scale; a digital representation of maps of the U.S. Geological Survey's 1987 Folio I-1865 (Release 1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 19, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds19.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Release 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b0ce4b07f02db69efb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schruben, Paul G.","contributorId":38974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schruben","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33539,"text":"b2130 - 1996 - The Slumgullion earth flow: A large-scale natural laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-27T19:19:26.973731","indexId":"b2130","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2130","title":"The Slumgullion earth flow: A large-scale natural laboratory","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2130","usgsCitation":"Savage, W.Z., 1996, The Slumgullion earth flow: A large-scale natural laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2130, iv, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2130.","productDescription":"iv, 95 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393455,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22457.htm"},{"id":163104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":61434,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3376,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Slumgullion earth flow","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.3642349243164,\n 37.94961225634431\n ],\n [\n -107.22999572753906,\n 37.94961225634431\n ],\n [\n -107.22999572753906,\n 38.024024671574615\n ],\n [\n -107.3642349243164,\n 38.024024671574615\n ],\n [\n -107.3642349243164,\n 37.94961225634431\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a992","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Varnes, David J.","contributorId":18817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Savage, William Z.","contributorId":107686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014619,"text":"1014619 - 1996 - Comparative diets of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon smolts in the Merrimack River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T16:11:33.023794","indexId":"1014619","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative diets of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon smolts in the Merrimack River","docAbstract":"We examined diets of smolts of 224 “wild” and 150 hatchery Atlantic salmon Salmo salar; wild smolts had been released as fry from the hatchery 2 years before collection, whereas hatchery fish were released as smolts from the hatchery 3–15 d before. Smolts were collected from 1991 to 1993 at trapping facilities at dams in the Merrimack River during spring outmigration. About 50% of the hatchery smolts and 50% of the wild smolts examined had empty stomachs. For smolts containing food, terrestrial invertebrates were the major prey of both hatchery and wild salmon. Adult aquatic dipterans (i.e., chironomids, culicids, and simuliids) also composed a large portion of the diet of both groups of salmon. Hydropsychid and chironomid larvae were the main benthic taxa consumed. Surface‐oriented prey dominated the diet of hatchery (73.7%) and wild (62.4%) smolts. The coefficient of dietary overlap (Cλ) between hatchery and wild smolts was high during all years and ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. Stomach fullness of hatchery smolts was significantly less than that of wild smolts. Further research is needed to determine if the low food consumption of hatchery smolts affects survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0440:CDOHAW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., McKeon, J., and Dropkin, D.S., 1996, Comparative diets of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon smolts in the Merrimack River: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 16, no. 2, p. 440-444, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0440:CDOHAW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"440","endPage":"444","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132265,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Merrimack River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.18997213065708,\n 42.84649356735159\n ],\n [\n -71.18997213065708,\n 42.70813341182091\n ],\n [\n -70.80179940249525,\n 42.70813341182091\n ],\n [\n -70.80179940249525,\n 42.84649356735159\n ],\n [\n -71.18997213065708,\n 42.84649356735159\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKeon, J.F.","contributorId":7237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKeon","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018579,"text":"70018579 - 1996 - Chemical evaluation of soil-solution in acid forest soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T16:31:20.052455","indexId":"70018579","displayToPublicDate":"1996-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3419,"text":"Soil Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical evaluation of soil-solution in acid forest soils","docAbstract":"Soil-solution chemistry is commonly studied in forests through the use of soil lysimeters.This approach is impractical for regional survey studies, however, because lysimeter installation and operation is expensive and time consuming. To address these problems, a new technique was developed to compare soil-solution chemistry among red spruce stands in New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine. Soil solutions were expelled by positive air pressure from soil that had been placed in a sealed cylinder. Before the air pressure was applied, a solution chemically similar to throughfall was added to the soil to bring it to approximate field capacity. After the solution sample was expelled, the soil was removed from the cylinder and chemically analyzed. The method was tested with homogenized Oa and Bs horizon soils collected from a red spruce stand in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, a red spruce stand in east-central Vermont, and a mixed hardwood stand in the Catskill Mountains of New York. Reproducibility, effects of varying the reaction time between adding throughfall and expelling soil solution (5-65 minutes) and effects of varying the chemical composition of added throughfall, were evaluated. In general, results showed that (i) the method was reproducible (coefficients of variation were generally < 15%), (ii) variations in the length of reaction-time did not affect expelled solution concentrations, and (iii) adding and expelling solution did not cause detectable changes in soil exchange chemistry. Concentrations of expelled solutions varied with the concentrations of added throughfall; the lower the CEC, the more sensitive expelled solution concentrations were to the chemical concentrations of added throughfall. Addition of a tracer (NaBr) showed that the expelled solution was a mixture of added solution and solution that preexisted in the soil. Comparisons of expelled solution concentrations with concentrations of soil solutions collected by zero-tension and tension lysimetry indicated that expelled solution concentrations were higher than those obtained with either type of lysimeter, although there was less difference with tension lysimeters than zero-tension lysimeters. The method used for collection of soil solution should be taken into consideration whenever soil solution data are being interpreted.","language":"English","publisher":"Wolters Kluwer","doi":"10.1097/00010694-199605000-00005","issn":"0038075X","usgsCitation":"Lawrence, G., and David, M.B., 1996, Chemical evaluation of soil-solution in acid forest soils: Soil Science, v. 161, no. 5, p. 298-313, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199605000-00005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227080,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York, Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.07854938310682,\n 45.0375693793855\n ],\n [\n -76.84879221247608,\n 43.645207343131446\n ],\n [\n -78.71545121677863,\n 43.65390388320041\n ],\n [\n -79.15472998074212,\n 43.46427693178023\n ],\n [\n -79.80390956890837,\n 42.01496762411051\n ],\n [\n -76.10118224340155,\n 42.06809908544358\n ],\n [\n -75.37117922518975,\n 42.00656159213099\n ],\n [\n -74.92059668437619,\n 41.41942050156172\n ],\n [\n -73.63653860327466,\n 40.94701324452626\n ],\n [\n -73.24938035081587,\n 42.72783107480066\n ],\n [\n -72.44760520406116,\n 42.713014923774494\n ],\n [\n -72.23101112234596,\n 43.7957620531397\n ],\n [\n -71.44624914128815,\n 45.00137034379799\n ],\n [\n -75.07854938310682,\n 45.0375693793855\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"161","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f57be4b0c8380cd4c24d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lawrence, G.B. 0000-0002-8035-2350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":76347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"G.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, Mark B.","contributorId":43255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"David","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":35161,"text":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":380103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":69399,"text":"i2535 - 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Three migrating species of passerines, wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Swainson's thrush (Catharus ustulatus), and summer tanager (Piranga rubra) were captured during the 1993 spring migration just after crossing the Gulf of Mexico and examined for lipid and water depletion. The redwinged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), a winter resident, was examined for comparison. Although some migrants had low levels of fat, most were not seriously fat-depleted and had much higher lipid levels than red-winged blackbirds. Migrants appeared dehydrated, usually having less than 60% body water and significantly less water than the blackbirds. Recaptured wood thrushes had significantly higher mass than when initially captured. Many of these birds were replenishing significant amounts of water, while the acquisition of lipid mass was dependent on the amount of time the birds spent on the study site. Migrants were significantly fatter but had significantly less water mass when captured during unfavorable weather than under favorable conditions. It appears that both dehydration and lipid depletion are major physiological constraints on migrating passerines.
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P.L.","contributorId":42048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leberg","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spengler, T. J.","contributorId":221643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spengler","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barrow, Wylie C. Jr. 0000-0003-4671-2823 barroww@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-2823","contributorId":168953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrow","given":"Wylie C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"barroww@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018467,"text":"70018467 - 1996 - Histology of the first fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-27T16:24:09.387804","indexId":"70018467","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histology of the first fish","docAbstract":"The first description of Anatolepis Bockelie & Fortey was from early Ordovician sediments of Ny Friesland, Spitsbergen1,2, but the genus is now known from many localities in North America and Greenland, ranging in age from the Late Cambrian period to the Early Ordovician3–6. Although initially interpreted as an agnathan fish2,3 that predated other representatives7, this has been widely disputed because the available histological data were unconvincing6,8–10 and the scales fell outside the known morpho-logical range of other accepted early vertebrates9–11. Further doubt was cast upon the vertebrate affinity of Anatolepis when specimens from East Greenland were interpreted as the cuticular fragments of aglaspid arthropods6, although this interpretation has also been refuted12. Here we report on the morphology and histology of large collections of Anatolepis, and demonstrate the presence of dentine, a tissue unique to vertebrates, confirming that the taxon is both a vertebrate and the oldest known fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/380702a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Smith, M., Sansom, I., and Repetski, J., 1996, Histology of the first fish: Nature, v. 380, no. 6576, p. 702-704, https://doi.org/10.1038/380702a0.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"704","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"380","issue":"6576","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3155e4b0c8380cd5de31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, M.P.","contributorId":19720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sansom, I.J.","contributorId":78890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sansom","given":"I.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Repetski, J.E.","contributorId":38579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185307,"text":"70185307 - 1996 - Glutathione conjugation and contaminant transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T14:39:33","indexId":"70185307","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Glutathione conjugation and contaminant transformation","docAbstract":"The recent identification of a novel sulfonated metabolite of alachlor in groundwater and metolachlor in soil is likely the result of glutathione conjugation. Glutathione conjugation is an important biochemical reaction that leads, in the case of alachlor, to the formation of a rather difficult to detect, water-soluble, and therefore highly mobile, sulfonated metabolite. Research from weed science, toxicology, and biochemistry is discussed to support the hypothesis that glutathione conjugation is a potentially important detoxification pathway carried out by aquatic and terrestrial plants and soil microorganisms. A brief review of the biochemical basis for glutathione conjugation is presented. We recommend that multidisciplinary research focus on the occurrence and expression of glutathione and its attendant enzymes in plants and microorganisms, relationships between electrophilic substrate structure and enzyme activity, and the potential exploitation of plants and microorganisms that are competent in glutathione conjugation for phytoremediation and bioremediation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es950287d","usgsCitation":"Field, J.A., and Thurman, E., 1996, Glutathione conjugation and contaminant transformation: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 30, no. 5, p. 1413-1418, https://doi.org/10.1021/es950287d.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"1413","endPage":"1418","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1de4b0236b68f6738d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, Jennifer A.","contributorId":18632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018656,"text":"70018656 - 1996 - Phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T22:21:07.492706","indexId":"70018656","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T17:20:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2192,"text":"Journal of Bacteriology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria","docAbstract":"Evolutionary relationships among strictly anaerobic dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria obtained from a diversity of sedimentary environments were examined by phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Members of the genera Geobacter, Desulfuromonas, Pelobacter, and Desulfuromusa formed a monophyletic group within the delta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. On the basis of their common ancestry and the shared ability to reduce Fe(III) and/or S0, we propose that this group be considered a single family, Geobacteraceae. Bootstrap analysis, characteristic nucleotides, and higher-order secondary structures support the division of Geobacteraceae into two subgroups, designated the Geobacter and Desulfuromonas clusters. The genus Desulfuromusa and Pelobacter acidigallici make up a distinct branch within the Desulfuromonas cluster. Several members of the family Geobacteraceae, none of which reduce sulfate, were found to contain the target sequences of probes that have been previously used to define the distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacterium-like microorganisms. The recent isolations of Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms distributed throughout the domain Bacteria suggest that development of 16S rRNA probes that would specifically target all Fe(III) reducers may not be feasible. However, all of the evidence suggests that if a 16S rRNA sequence falls within the family Geobacteraceae, then the organism has the capacity for Fe(III) reduction. The suggestion, based on geological evidence, that Fe(III) reduction was the first globally significant process for oxidizing organic matter back to carbon dioxide is consistent with the finding that acetate-oxidizing Fe(III) reducers are phylogenetically diverse.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASM Journals","doi":"10.1128/jb.178.8.2402-2408.1996","issn":"00219193","usgsCitation":"Lonergan, D., Jenter, H., Coates, J., Phillips, E.J., Schmidt, T., and Lovley, D.R., 1996, Phylogenetic analysis of dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria: Journal of Bacteriology, v. 178, no. 8, p. 2402-2408, https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.178.8.2402-2408.1996.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2402","endPage":"2408","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/177952","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"178","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7a4ce4b0c8380cd78e39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lonergan, D.J.","contributorId":86110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonergan","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coates, J.D.","contributorId":105451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, T.M.","contributorId":58789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70169400,"text":"70169400 - 1996 - How many grizzlies in Yellowstone?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T17:01:22.034342","indexId":"70169400","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T16:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How many grizzlies in Yellowstone?","docAbstract":"Trend data indicate that the Yellowstone grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) population has been increasing in recent years, after a decline induced by closure of open garbage dumps in 1970-71. Current population size appears to be approaching a level where management to curb further increases might be desirable, even though it will be highly controversial. Continual close monitoring is essential for managers to know how to safeguard the population. Estimating total population size of an endangered or threatened species should be secondary to measuring essential population parameters, but nonetheless may be necessary to avoid misunderstandings. Knowledge of survival and reproductive rates is essential if causes of a decline are to be detected and corrected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802244","usgsCitation":"Eberhardt, L., and Knight, R., 1996, How many grizzlies in Yellowstone?: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 2, p. 416-421, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802244.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"416","endPage":"421","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ],\n [\n -109.9346923828125,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.0006103515625,\n 45.06770141120143\n ],\n [\n -110.02532958984374,\n 45.042478050891546\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -110.70648193359375,\n 45.03083274759959\n ],\n [\n -110.72845458984375,\n 45.04441870436415\n ],\n [\n -110.77239990234375,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -110.77789306640625,\n 45.079339209738094\n ],\n [\n -110.84381103515624,\n 45.07546020688359\n ],\n [\n -110.88226318359375,\n 45.03277379605973\n ],\n [\n -110.928955078125,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -110.94543457031249,\n 45.07158094070473\n ],\n [\n -110.97564697265625,\n 45.09679146394738\n ],\n [\n -111.03607177734375,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.08515722028692\n ],\n [\n -111.10198974609374,\n 45.106484856646844\n ],\n [\n -111.16241455078125,\n 45.11036175291052\n ],\n [\n -111.17889404296874,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -111.1541748046875,\n 45.052180659942316\n ],\n [\n -111.1102294921875,\n 45.02889163330817\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -109.9951171875,\n 44.11322595798781\n ],\n [\n -109.99237060546875,\n 44.314022698837775\n ],\n [\n -110.050048828125,\n 44.319918120477425\n ],\n [\n -110.06927490234375,\n 44.351350365612305\n ],\n [\n -110.06927490234375,\n 44.40042951858466\n ],\n [\n -110.0555419921875,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 44.44358514592121\n ],\n [\n -109.962158203125,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -110.03631591796875,\n 44.4906276800508\n ],\n [\n -110.10223388671875,\n 44.478870600803134\n ],\n [\n -110.11871337890624,\n 44.49650533109348\n ],\n [\n -110.1544189453125,\n 44.537632301346136\n ],\n [\n -110.13519287109374,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -110.0665283203125,\n 44.5924231071787\n ],\n [\n -109.99786376953125,\n 44.623708968901205\n ],\n [\n -109.951171875,\n 44.623708968901205\n ],\n [\n -109.874267578125,\n 44.62566377574355\n ],\n [\n -109.78912353515625,\n 44.6706061651103\n ],\n [\n -109.742431640625,\n 44.68623013803223\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 44.70965819812379\n ],\n [\n -109.7589111328125,\n 44.736978954208844\n ],\n [\n -109.8358154296875,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 44.79547998456467\n ],\n [\n -109.8797607421875,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -109.86328125,\n 44.91619436708165\n ],\n [\n -109.8907470703125,\n 44.96674121705534\n ],\n [\n -109.92645263671875,\n 45.00365115687189\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f66171e4b07d796bf77082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eberhardt, L.L.","contributorId":72313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knight, R.R.","contributorId":59063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":624027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170344,"text":"70170344 - 1996 - Trace elements and organic contaminants in stream sediments from the Red River of the North Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T11:28:20","indexId":"70170344","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T15:45:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Trace elements and organic contaminants in stream sediments from the Red River of the North Basin","docAbstract":"Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and continuous seismic‐reflection profiling (CSP) on shallow rivers, lakes, and ponds are efficient and economical ways of obtaining subsurface hydrologic and geologic information for environmental and engineering studies. These methods are similar in that they produce continuous subsurface profiles, are easy to use in some applications, and the records can occasionally be straightforward to interpret. They are dissimilar in that GPR cannot penetrate electrically conductive water or subsurface sediments, and CSP usually cannot operate in water less than 5 feet (ft.) deep.
GPR records collected on a lake in New Hampshire have been interpreted to estimate the depth to bedrock and to evaluate the grain‐size characteristics of the underlying stratified drift at the lakeshore boundary. In a pond in Massachusetts, CSP and GPR were used to determine depth to bedrock and the grain‐size characteristics of the subbottom materials in part of the pond. Water‐column multiple reflections, depth and conductivity of water and subsurface materials, and diffractions degraded the quality of the GPR records. CSP records collected in the Connecticut River near Hartford, Connecticut were used to estimate the depth of till and bedrock interfaces and to evaluate grain‐size characteristics of subsurface materials. Interpreted CSP records also can indicate bedding planes within consolidated rock units. Water‐column multiple reflections and very shallow water degraded the quality of the CSP records. GPR and CSP methods have been used to delineate infilled scour holes near bridge piers. Scour holes that were filled with up to 8 ft. of loose sand were mapped during engineering scour studies near a bridge in Connecticut.
Because GPR and CSP operate on different physical principles, the two geophysical methods complement each other. Depending on the required depth of penetration and the degree of resolution needed, one or both of these methods can be used to acquire accurate and reliable subsurface hydrologic and geologic information critical to environmental and engineering studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental & Engineering Geophysical Society","doi":"10.4133/JEEG1.1.27","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1996, Use of ground-penetrating radar and continuous seismic-reflection profiling on surface-water bodies in environmental and engineering studies: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, v. 1, no. 1, p. 27-35, https://doi.org/10.4133/JEEG1.1.27.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368612,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70240679,"text":"70240679 - 1996 - Extent and control of resource damage due to noncompliant visitor behavior: A case study from the U.S. National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T16:32:04.842231","indexId":"70240679","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T10:19:28","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Extent and control of resource damage due to noncompliant visitor behavior: A case study from the U.S. National Parks","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.R., and Vande Kamp, M.E., 1996, Extent and control of resource damage due to noncompliant visitor behavior: A case study from the U.S. National Parks: Natural Areas Journal, v. 16, no. 2, p. 4-17.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":413045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://naturalareas.org/about_the_natural_areas_journa.php"}],"country":"United 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States\"}}]}","volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Darryll R.","contributorId":302381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Darryll","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vande Kamp, Mark E.","contributorId":302382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vande Kamp","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":864266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018117,"text":"70018117 - 1996 - Southeast Atlantic marine and terrestrial response to middle Pliocene climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T16:31:55.654209","indexId":"70018117","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Southeast Atlantic marine and terrestrial response to middle Pliocene climate change","docAbstract":"Analysis of planktic foraminifers and pollen from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 532 located on the continental margin of southwest Africa provides information on the link between Pliocene paleoceanographic conditions and paleoenvironments of southwest Africa. Increased upwelling at Site 532 correlates with southward migration of onshore vegetation regions. Both terrestrial and marine changes can be explained by changes in the southern hemisphere surface temperature gradient which affected the paleo-position of subtropical high pressure cells and productivity of water masses during the Pliocene. When the subtropical high pressure cells were further south, Southern Ocean waters were warmer, contained less sea ice, Southern Ocean diatom productivity was high, and nutrient depleted water upwelled off southwest Africa. When the subtropical high pressure cells were in a configuration similar to the present, Southern Ocean waters were cooler and contained more sea ice, the aerial extent of Southern Ocean diatom productivity was limited, and nutrient rich waters upwelled off southwest Africa as the Benguela upwelling system migrated closer to the position of Site 532.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(95)00059-3","usgsCitation":"Dowsett, H., and Willard, D., 1996, Southeast Atlantic marine and terrestrial response to middle Pliocene climate change: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 27, no. 1-4, p. 181-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00059-3.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"193","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b93d4e4b08c986b31a6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dowsett, Harry 0000-0003-1983-7524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1983-7524","contributorId":202989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dowsett","given":"Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willard, D. 0000-0003-4878-0942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":67676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018614,"text":"70018614 - 1996 - A benthic foraminiferal record of middle to late Pliocene (3.15-2.85 Ma) deep water change in the North Atlantic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T16:24:26.495648","indexId":"70018614","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A benthic foraminiferal record of middle to late Pliocene (3.15-2.85 Ma) deep water change in the North Atlantic","docAbstract":"Records of benthic foraminifera from North Atlantic DSDP Site 607 and Hole 610A indicate changes in deep water conditions through the middle to late Pliocene (3.15 to 2.85 Ma). Quantitative analyses of modern associations in the North Atlantic indicate that seven species, Fontbotia wuellerstorfi, Cibicidoides kullenbergi, Uvigerina peregrina, Nuttallides umboniferus, Melonis pompilioides, Globocassidulina subglobosa and Epistominella exigua are useful for paleoenvironmental interpretation. The western North Atlantic basin (Site 607) was occupied by North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) until ~2.88 Ma. At that time, N. umboniferus increased, indicating an influx of Southern Ocean Water (SOW). The eastern North Atlantic basin (Hole 610A) was occupied by a relatively warm water mass, possibly Northeastern Atlantic Deep Water (NEADW), through ~2.94 Ma when SOW more strongly influenced the site. These interpretations are consistent with benthic δ18O and δ13C records from 607 and 610A (Raymo et al., 1992). The results presented in this paper suggest that the North Atlantic was strongly influenced by northern component deep water circulation until 2.90–2.95 Ma. After that there was a transition toward a glacially driven North Atlantic circulation more strongly influenced by SOW associated with the onset of Northern Hemisphere glaciation. The circulation change follows the last significant SST and atmospheric warming prior to ~2.6 Ma.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(95)00058-5","usgsCitation":"Ishman, S.E., 1996, A benthic foraminiferal record of middle to late Pliocene (3.15-2.85 Ma) deep water change in the North Atlantic: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 27, no. 1-4, p. 165-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00058-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"180","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e31ae4b0c8380cd45e16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ishman, Scott E.","contributorId":8122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishman","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":35460,"text":"b2121B - 1996 - Cambrian(?), middle Proterozoic, and Archean rocks penetrated in a borehole near Argenta, Beaverhead County, Montana, and some paleogeographic and structural implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:45","indexId":"b2121B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2121","chapter":"B","title":"Cambrian(?), middle Proterozoic, and Archean rocks penetrated in a borehole near Argenta, Beaverhead County, Montana, and some paleogeographic and structural implications","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/b2121B","usgsCitation":"Pearson, R.C., 1996, Cambrian(?), middle Proterozoic, and Archean rocks penetrated in a borehole near Argenta, Beaverhead County, Montana, and some paleogeographic and structural implications: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2121, iii, p. B1-B15, ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2121B.","productDescription":"iii, p. B1-B15, ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2121b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":63355,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2121b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a02e4b07f02db5f80aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, Robert Carl","contributorId":50876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":214682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38228,"text":"pp1409B - 1996 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:57","indexId":"pp1409B","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1409","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"Regional aquifer systems in the Great Basin consist of carbonate-rock aquifers in the eastern Great Basin and basin-fill aquifers throughout the region. In the carbonate-rock aquifers, barriers to regional flow include Precambrian crystalline basement, upper Precambrian and Lower Cambrian clastic sedimentary rocks, and Jurassic to Tertiary granitic rocks. Basin-fill aquifers are connected to carbonate-rock aquifers in the eastern Great Basin and can be hydraulically connected with each other throughout the Great Basin.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1409B","usgsCitation":"Plume, R., 1996, Hydrogeologic framework of the Great Basin region of Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1409, p. B1-B64; 5 plates in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1409B.","productDescription":"p. B1-B64; 5 plates in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104635,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4860.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"4860"},{"id":119771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64564,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64565,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64566,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64567,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64568,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64569,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1409b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plume, R. W.","contributorId":21975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plume","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":34695,"text":"b2150C - 1996 - Magnetic and gravity study of the Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-05T12:03:02.747863","indexId":"b2150C","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2150","chapter":"C","title":"Magnetic and gravity study of the Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Paducah CUSMAP quadrangle: Resource and topical investigations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2150C","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T., Kucks, R., and Heigold, P.C., 1996, Magnetic and gravity study of the Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2150, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2150C.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":167538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2150c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":62561,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2150c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390202,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22414.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Paducah 1° x 2° CUSMAP quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -88,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64928e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, T.G.","contributorId":83892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kucks, R.P.","contributorId":53758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heigold, Paul C.","contributorId":100922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heigold","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":213424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017774,"text":"70017774 - 1996 - Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-30T16:52:59.112118","indexId":"70017774","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling","docAbstract":"The general characteristics of global vegetation during the middle Pliocene warm period can be reconstructed from fossil pollen and plant megafossil data. The largest differences between Pliocene vegetation and that of today occurred at high latitudes in both hemispheres, where warming was pronounced relative to today. In the Northern Hemisphere coniferous forests lived in the modern tundra and polar desert regions, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere southern beech apparently grew in coastal areas of Antarctica.
Pliocene middle latitude vegetation differed less, although moister-than-modern conditions supported forest and woodland growth in some regions now covered by steppe or grassland. Pliocene tropical vegetation reflects essentially modem conditions in some regions and slightly cooler-than-or warmer-than- modern climates in other areas. Changes in topography induced by tectonics may be responsible for many of the climatic changes since the Pliocene in both middle and lower latitudes. However, the overall latitudinal progression of climatic conditions on land parallels that seen in the reconstruction of middle Pliocene sea-surface temperatures.
Pliocene paleovegetational data was employed to construct a 2 ° × 2 ° global grid of estimated mid-Pliocene vegetational cover for use as boundary conditions for numerical General Circulation Model simulations of middle Pliocene climates. Continental outlines and topography were first modified to represent the Pliocene landscape on the 2 ° × 2 ° grid. A modern 1 ° × 1 ° vegetation grid was simplified and mapped on this Pliocene grid, and then modified following general geographic trends evident in the Pliocene paleovegetation data set.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(95)00051-8","usgsCitation":"Thompson, R.S., and Fleming, R., 1996, Middle Pliocene vegetation: Reconstructions, paleoclimatic inferences, and boundary conditions for climate modeling: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 27, no. 1-4, p. 27-49, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00051-8.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"49","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56dde4b0c8380cd6d8a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, R.F.","contributorId":31918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30749,"text":"fs08596 - 1996 - The National Geochronological Database","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"fs08596","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"085-96","title":"The National Geochronological Database","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs08596","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, The National Geochronological Database: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 085-96, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08596.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119497,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59477,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b16f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64903,"text":"i2398 - 1996 - Geologic maps of the MTM 25062 Quadrangle (digital compilation) and the MTM 25067 Quadrangle (manual compilation), Kasei Valles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:13","indexId":"i2398","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2398","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Geologic maps of the MTM 25062 Quadrangle (digital compilation) and the MTM 25067 Quadrangle (manual compilation), Kasei Valles region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2398","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.G., and Tanaka, K.L., 1996, Geologic maps of the MTM 25062 Quadrangle (digital compilation) and the MTM 25067 Quadrangle (manual compilation), Kasei Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2398, 2 maps :col. ;62 x 57 cm., on sheets 97 x 130 cm. and 79 x 79 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2398.","productDescription":"2 maps :col. ;62 x 57 cm., on sheets 97 x 130 cm. and 79 x 79 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":190358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100802,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2398/plate-1.pdf","size":"12631","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100803,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2398/plate-2.pdf","size":"7644","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"502000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db68859f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, M. G.","contributorId":105737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001151,"text":"1001151 - 1996 - Long-term declines in nest success of prairie ducks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T16:49:22.745483","indexId":"1001151","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term declines in nest success of prairie ducks","docAbstract":"Increased predation on nests of ducks in prairie uplands, as a result of habitat alteration, has been hypothesized to cause decreased nest success and population sizes. We tested whether, and by how much, nest success declined using data compiled from 37 studies conducted between 1935 and 1992 at 67 sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada and the United States. Nest success declined (P = 0.0002) over time, but time explained only 10% of the variation; precipitation (P = 0.79) did not account for additional variation in nest success. Nest success declined at similar (P = 0.13) rates among 5 species, but late nesters (gadwall [Anas strepera], blue-winged teal [A. discors] and northern shoveler [A. clypeata]) had higher success (P = 0.004) than early nesters (mallard [A. platyrhynchos] and northern pintail [A. acuta]). Populations of gadwalls and northern shovelers, however, have not declined, indicating that declines in nest success may not be related causally to population change. Long-term population declines in blue-winged teal, northern pintails, and mallards coincide with large-scale temporal declines in nest success. Declines in nest success were parallel in parkland and grassland regions, suggesting a causal agent (or agents) that act(s) at a broad scale, despite inherent differences in the composition of the predator communities and habitats between regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802222","usgsCitation":"Beauchamp, W., Koford, R.R., Nudds, T.D., Clark, R.G., and Johnson, D.H., 1996, Long-term declines in nest success of prairie ducks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 2, p. 247-257, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802222.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.6621026378391,\n 54.22960374181571\n ],\n [\n -115.1710009797501,\n 50.95601012821028\n ],\n [\n -114.7031548073634,\n 48.53100061727011\n ],\n [\n -104.08194910332246,\n 48.4450463601093\n ],\n [\n -98.34665404574199,\n 42.8487699482325\n ],\n [\n -96.96190905464837,\n 43.10358039599805\n ],\n [\n -95.6089231851656,\n 44.322050477856095\n ],\n [\n -96.17349364011999,\n 46.33095729323018\n ],\n [\n -98.2749286963188,\n 47.68249972207552\n ],\n [\n -99.4153286142953,\n 50.889542061873414\n ],\n [\n -117.6621026378391,\n 54.22960374181571\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63599a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beauchamp, W.D.","contributorId":89494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beauchamp","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nudds, Thomas D.","contributorId":178164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nudds","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Robert G.","contributorId":33781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":33606,"text":"b2142 - 1996 - Thermal evolution of sedimentary basins in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T19:51:53.04338","indexId":"b2142","displayToPublicDate":"1996-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2142","title":"Thermal evolution of sedimentary basins in Alaska","docAbstract":"The complex tectonic collage of Alaska is reflected in\r\nthe conjunction of rocks of widely varying thermal maturity.\r\nIndicators of the level of thermal maturity of rocks exposed\r\nat the surface, such as vitrinite reflectance and conodont color\r\nalteration index, can help constrain the tectonic evolution of\r\nsuch complex regions and, when combined with petrographic,\r\nmodern heat flow, thermogeochronologic, and isotopic data,\r\nallow for the detailed evaluation of a region?s burial and uplift\r\nhistory. We have collected and assembled nearly 10,000\r\nvitrinite-reflectance and conodont-color-alteration index values from the literature, previous U.S. Geological Survey investigations,\r\nand our own studies in Alaska. This database\r\nallows for the first synthesis of thermal maturity on a broadly\r\nregional scale.\r\nPost-accretionary sedimentary basins in Alaska show\r\nwide variability in terms of thermal maturity. The Tertiary\r\ninterior basins, as well as some of the forearc and backarc\r\nbasins associated with the Aleutian Arc, are presently at their\r\ngreatest depth of burial, with immature rocks exposed at the\r\nsurface. Other basins, such as some backarc basins on the\r\nAlaska Peninsula, show higher thermal maturities, indicating\r\nmodest uplift, perhaps in conjunction with higher geothermal\r\ngradients related to the arc itself. Cretaceous ?flysch?\r\nbasins, such as the Yukon-Koyukuk basin, are at much higher\r\nthermal maturity, reflecting great amounts of uplift perhaps\r\nassociated with compressional regimes generated through\r\nterrane accretion. Many sedimentary basins in Alaska, such\r\nas the Yukon-Koyukuk and Colville basins, show higher thermal\r\nmaturity at basin margins, perhaps reflecting greater uplift\r\nof the margins in response to isostatic unloading, owing\r\nto erosion of the hinterland adjacent to the basin or to compressional\r\nstresses adjacent to basin margins.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2142","usgsCitation":"1996, Thermal evolution of sedimentary basins in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2142, v, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2142.","productDescription":"v, 131 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