Kirtland's Warbler Dendroica kirtlandii breeds in young jack pine Pinus banksiana forests on sandy soils in Michigan's lower peninsula, where there were 502 censused singing males in 1951 and 167 in 1974 and 1987. An ongoing control programme for the Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater, a nest parasite, resulted in immediate and continued improvement in warbler reproductive success which was not, however, matched by an increase in warbler numbers until the 1990s. From three 1,000 ha reserves in the 1960s, currently over 54,000 ha are managed for the warbler. Despite the establishment of managed plantations, over 70% of warblers censused in the past 15 years have occupied habitat created by wildfires. Optimal habitat consists of more than 5,000 trees per hectare in a mosaic of dense patches interspersed with small openings. Nearly 70% of adult and 30% of juvenile warblers departing for the Bahamian wintering grounds return each spring, and the Michigan singing male population increased from 212 (1989) to 397 (1992) as abundant habitat, resulting from a 1980 wildfire, became available at Mack Lake. This suggests that lack of optimal habitat in Michigan has been the species's major problem.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0959270900001271","usgsCitation":"Kepler, C.B., Irvine, G.W., DeCapita, M.E., and Weinrich, J., 1996, The conservation management of Kirtland's warbler Dendroica kirtlandii: Bird Conservation International, v. 6, no. 1, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270900001271.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479045,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001271","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":199281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668a25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, Cameron B.","contributorId":27567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kepler","given":"Cameron","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, G. W.","contributorId":72492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irvine","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCapita, M. E.","contributorId":47048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCapita","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weinrich, J.","contributorId":30721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weinrich","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70246758,"text":"70246758 - 1996 - Observations on the mass-extinction debates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T16:58:29.531699","indexId":"70246758","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T11:54:52","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Observations on the mass-extinction debates","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Cretaceous-Tertiary event and other catastrophes in Earth history","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2307-8.39","usgsCitation":"Glen, W., 1996, Observations on the mass-extinction debates, chap. of The Cretaceous-Tertiary event and other catastrophes in Earth history, v. 307, p. 39-54, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2307-8.39.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"307","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ryder, Graham","contributorId":304690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryder","given":"Graham","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878195,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fastovsky, David E.","contributorId":316732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fastovsky","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878196,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, Stefan","contributorId":205466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"Stefan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878197,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Glen, William","contributorId":303876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glen","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202461,"text":"70202461 - 1996 - Communicating scientific findings to the general public","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:10:40","indexId":"70202461","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T11:47:29","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Communicating scientific findings to the general public","docAbstract":"The Human Induced Land Transformation project (HILT), part of the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change Research Program, has generated considerable public interest during the first two phases of the project: the data assembly and visualization phase carried out for the San Francisco Bay area; and the model building and calibration phase. The third phase, now underway for the Washington/Baltimore region, is a large scale test of the model's portability to another urban area. The modeling community has been kept informed of progress and findings of the HILT project through conventional academic outlets such as conference and journal publications as well as through more popular outlets such as newspaper, television, and a World Wide Web site. The program, sample data and documentation of the model will be available for downloading to those with an Internet connection. While recognizing that not all research has the same degree of public appeal as this project, additional effort was invested to establish contacts, publicize, and distribute the historical visualizations and model predictions generated by this work in the media, publishing, and in education. In this paper, we will cover the lessons learned in publicizing HILT, the techniques used and the criteria evolved for successful involvement of the general public in the modeling of land cover transitions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Conference/Workshop, 3rd, Santa Fe, N. Mex., 21–25 January 1996, Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Conference/Workshop, 3rd","conferenceDate":"January 21-25, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Santa Fe, New Mexico","language":"English","publisher":"National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis","usgsCitation":"Hoppen, S., Clarke, K.C., Gaydos, L.J., and Acevedo, W., 1996, Communicating scientific findings to the general public, in International Conference/Workshop, 3rd, Santa Fe, N. Mex., 21–25 January 1996, Proceedings, Santa Fe, New Mexico, January 21-25, 1996, p. 66-72.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":361680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43x094z3"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoppen, Stacy","contributorId":213908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoppen","given":"Stacy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, Keith C.","contributorId":213907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clarke","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard J.","contributorId":213909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Acevedo, William wacevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Acevedo","given":"William","email":"wacevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70147540,"text":"70147540 - 1996 - Tertiary extension and mineral deposits, southwestern U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T10:47:36","indexId":"70147540","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Tertiary extension and mineral deposits, southwestern U.S.","docAbstract":"Starting in Las Vegas, we will traverse through many of the geometric elements and complexities of hanging wall deformation above the regional detachment systems of the Colorado River extensional terrane. We will study the interaction of normal faults as arranged in regional, crustal-scale mega-domains and the bounding structures that separate these tilt domains. As we progress through the classic Eldorado Mountains-Hoover Dam region, where many of the ideas of listric normal faulting were first popularized, we will see both the real rocks and the historic rationale for their deformation. By examining the listric versus domino models for normal faulting, we will utilize different geometric techniques for determining the depth to the detachment structures and percent extension. Continuing further south toward southernmost Nevada, we will cross the accommodation zone that separates the Lake Mead and Whipple dip domains and further descend to deeper structural levels to examine lower levels of the major normal faults and their tilting of upper-crustal blocks and associated offset along the regional detachment faults. Fluid flow within the shattered fault zones and its relationship to the 3-D geometries of the fault surfaces will be studied both along the faults and within the hydrothermally altered and mineralized wallrocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","doi":"10.5382/GB.25","isbn":"978-1-934969-78-6","usgsCitation":"Rehrig, W.A., and Hardy, J., 1996, Tertiary extension and mineral deposits, southwestern U.S., v. 25, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.5382/GB.25.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":300041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55489859e4b0a658d7960d8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehrig, William A.","contributorId":140548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rehrig","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, James.J.","contributorId":140549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardy","given":"James.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202459,"text":"70202459 - 1996 - Design and documentation of a Baltimore-Washington regional spatial database testbed for environmental model calibration and verification","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:11:31","indexId":"70202459","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T11:33:56","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Design and documentation of a Baltimore-Washington regional spatial database testbed for environmental model calibration and verification","docAbstract":"Recent efforts by scientists and managers to inventory, map, and model impacts of human activities on the environment have focused on land transformation and urbanization processes. To test the efficacy of any single model, algorithm or procedure which defines land transformation processes a standard database calibration reference resource is required. Therefore, a set of georeferenced, spatially structured and well documented data sets has been designed for the Baltimore-Washington Region as a test and evaluation resource for the community of environmental modelers and global change scientists.
Land transformation processes are being examined from a variety of perspectives and scales using a variety of indicator parameters and mensuration variables. Tools and techniques applied to land transformation assessments range from creation of simple population expansion maps to change detection calculations using remotely sensed satellite data. A variety of point and cell growth models have been applied to simulate the land transformation phenomenon. These activities have demonstrated the reality that urbanization and land transformation processes involve complex interacting variables.
A team of scientists are expanding the efforts of the USGS Human Impacts on Land Transformation (HILT) project to build an Internet accessible \"collaboratory\" containing quality controlled spatially referenced calibration and validation databases. The Baltimore-Washington Regional Testbed provides for the calibration, verification, and validation for multiple scalar, temporal, thematic, and spectral assessments or models. This design and documentation procedures for creating the Baltimore-Washington Regional \"Collaboratory\" are presented in relation to its use for environmental modeling applications.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avalonian and related peri-Gondwanan terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-2304-3.207","usgsCitation":"Mueller, P.A., Kozuch, M., Heatherington, A.L., Wooden, J., Offield, T., Koeppen, R.P., Klein, T.L., and Nutman, A.P., 1996, Evidence for Mesoproterozoic basement in the Carolina terrane and speculations on its origin, chap. of Avalonian and related peri-Gondwanan terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic, v. 304, p. 207-217, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2304-3.207.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"217","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419056,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle study area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.53459314334066,\n 35.617643372150766\n ],\n [\n -80.53459314334066,\n 34.96368819489658\n ],\n [\n -79.27379499764962,\n 34.96368819489658\n ],\n [\n -79.27379499764962,\n 35.617643372150766\n ],\n [\n -80.53459314334066,\n 35.617643372150766\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"304","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Paul A.","contributorId":191457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueller","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kozuch, Marianne","contributorId":316730,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozuch","given":"Marianne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heatherington, Ann L.","contributorId":191458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heatherington","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Offield, Terry W.","contributorId":64217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Offield","given":"Terry W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Koeppen, Robert P.","contributorId":107764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koeppen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klein, Terry L. tklein@usgs.gov","contributorId":1244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"Terry","email":"tklein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nutman, Allen P.","contributorId":191460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nutman","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":878173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70217735,"text":"70217735 - 1996 - Potential‐field continuation: Past practice vs. modern methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-29T17:19:59.243508","indexId":"70217735","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T11:01:52","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential‐field continuation: Past practice vs. modern methods","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"SEG technical program expanded abstracts 1996","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"SEG International Exposition and Sixty-Sixth Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"Nov 10-15, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1826376","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., 1996, Potential‐field continuation: Past practice vs. modern methods, in SEG technical program expanded abstracts 1996, Denver, CO, Nov 10-15, 1996, p. 1411-1414, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826376.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1411","endPage":"1414","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":809427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70246751,"text":"70246751 - 1996 - Earthquakes and carbon dioxide beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T16:02:06.849339","indexId":"70246751","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:54:57","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes and carbon dioxide beneath Mammoth Mountain, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.67.1.8","usgsCitation":"Hill, D.P., 1996, Earthquakes and carbon dioxide beneath Mammoth Mountain, California: Seismological Research Letters, v. 67, no. 1, p. 8-15, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.67.1.8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":419055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mammoth Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.10275274940142,\n 37.6666\n ],\n [\n -119.10275274940142,\n 37.5833\n ],\n [\n -118.9833,\n 37.5833\n ],\n [\n -118.9833,\n 37.6666\n ],\n [\n -119.10275274940142,\n 37.6666\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, David P. 0000-0002-1619-2006 dhill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-2006","contributorId":206752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"dhill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":878165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006708,"text":"70006708 - 1996 - Lead exposure in Laysan albatross adults and chicks in Hawaii: Prevalence, risk factors, and biochemical effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T16:16:06.05892","indexId":"70006708","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:44:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead exposure in Laysan albatross adults and chicks in Hawaii: Prevalence, risk factors, and biochemical effects","docAbstract":"Prevalence of lead exposure and elevated tissue lead was determined in Laysan albatross (Diomedea immutabilis) in Hawaii. The relationship between lead exposure and proximity to buildings, between elevated blood lead and droopwing status, and elevated liver lead and presence of lead-containing paint chips in the proventriculus in albatross chicks was also examined. Finally, the effects of lead on the enzyme δ-amino-levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) was determined. There was a significant association between lead exposure or elevated tissue lead and proximity to buildings in albatross chicks and presence of lead paint chips in the proventriculus and elevated liver lead in carcasses. Although there was a significant association between elevated blood lead and droopwing chicks, there were notable exceptions. Prevalence of elevated tissue lead in albatross chicks was highest on Sand Island Midway and much less so on Kauai and virtually nonexistent in other areas. Prevalence of lead exposure decreased as numbers of buildings to which chicks were exposed on a given island decreased. Laysan albatross adults had minimal to no lead exposure. There was a significant negative correlation between blood lead concentration and ALAD activity in chicks. Based on ALAD activity, 0.03–0.05 μg/ml was the no effect range for blood lead in albatross chicks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00203915","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., and Smith, M.R., 1996, Lead exposure in Laysan albatross adults and chicks in Hawaii: Prevalence, risk factors, and biochemical effects: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 115-119, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00203915.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"119","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262479,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"French Frigate Shoals, Kauai, Laysan Island, Midway Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -177.40005786282316,\n 28.23067251137236\n ],\n [\n -177.40005786282316,\n 28.181256624809464\n ],\n [\n -177.32189341254355,\n 28.181256624809464\n ],\n [\n -177.32189341254355,\n 28.23067251137236\n ],\n [\n -177.40005786282316,\n 28.23067251137236\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -171.71447649853158,\n 25.785609654098565\n ],\n [\n -171.74920990135394,\n 25.785609654098565\n ],\n [\n -171.74920990135394,\n 25.750674070067817\n ],\n [\n -171.71447649853158,\n 25.750674070067817\n ],\n [\n -171.71447649853158,\n 25.785609654098565\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.16859377578197,\n 23.750914021995868\n ],\n [\n -166.16859377578197,\n 23.748819933083254\n ],\n [\n -166.16473304475062,\n 23.748819933083254\n ],\n [\n -166.16473304475062,\n 23.750914021995868\n ],\n [\n -166.16859377578197,\n 23.750914021995868\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.22702716189931,\n 22.252162956824833\n ],\n [\n -159.81510210922102,\n 22.252162956824833\n ],\n [\n -159.81510210922102,\n 21.828198374338612\n ],\n [\n -159.22702716189931,\n 21.828198374338612\n ],\n [\n -159.22702716189931,\n 22.252162956824833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df7bbee4b0dfbe79e6ccc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, M. R.","contributorId":40551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70074634,"text":"70074634 - 1996 - Solute transport along ground-water flows paths near the Nassau/Suffolk County border, Long Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-30T10:49:44","indexId":"70074634","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:42:46","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Solute transport along ground-water flows paths near the Nassau/Suffolk County border, Long Island, New York","largerWorkTitle":"Hydrology and hydrogeology of urban and urbanizing areas: a collection of papers presented at the conference held in Boston, Massachusetts, April 21-24, 1996","conferenceTitle":"Hydrology and Hydrogeology of Urban and Urbanizing Areas","conferenceDate":"1996-04-21T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Hydrology","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., and Brown, C.J., 1996, Solute transport along ground-water flows paths near the Nassau/Suffolk County border, Long Island, New York, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281721,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County;Suffolk County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.0419,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,41.1408 ], [ -71.8563,40.5418 ], [ -74.0419,40.5418 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7339e4b0b29085108ce7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, P.E.","contributorId":59827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, C. J.","contributorId":90342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70073335,"text":"70073335 - 1996 - Interpreting the landscapes of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks: recent and ongoing geology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-16T10:44:27","indexId":"70073335","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:39:54","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Interpreting the landscapes of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks: recent and ongoing geology","language":"English","publisher":"Grand Teton Natural History Association","publisherLocation":"Moose, WY","usgsCitation":"Good, J.M., and Pierce, K.L., 1996, Interpreting the landscapes of Grand Teton and Yellowstone National Parks: recent and ongoing geology, 58 p.","productDescription":"58 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":281157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Grand Teton National Park;Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.156,43.537923 ], [ -111.156,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,45.109 ], [ -109.8242,43.537923 ], [ -111.156,43.537923 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd62ece4b0b290850fe7cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Good, John M.","contributorId":69886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Good","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199201,"text":"70199201 - 1996 - Benthic processes in South San Francisco Bay: The role of organic inputs and bioturbation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:42:14","indexId":"70199201","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:38:58","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Benthic processes in South San Francisco Bay: The role of organic inputs and bioturbation","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco","usgsCitation":"Caffrey, J., Hammond, D.E., Kuwabara, J.S., Miller, L., and Twilley, R., 1996, Benthic processes in South San Francisco Bay: The role of organic inputs and bioturbation, chap. of San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem, p. 425-444.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"444","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98e59de4b0702d0e849470","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hollibaugh, J.T.","contributorId":22886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollibaugh","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744648,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Caffrey, J.M.","contributorId":98750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caffrey","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hammond, Douglas E.","contributorId":67878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, L.G.","contributorId":32522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":744647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202457,"text":"70202457 - 1996 - Developing a temporal database of urban development for the Baltimore/Washington region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T15:12:13","indexId":"70202457","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T10:27:18","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Developing a temporal database of urban development for the Baltimore/Washington region","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), and the U.S. Bureau of the Census are working together as a multiagency, multidisciplinary team in developing a temporal database that documents the growth of the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan region. This database consists of urban development, principal transportation, shoreline, and population density change. The urban development theme, considered a primary data layer in the study of urban land transformation resulting from human impact on the land, is the focus of this paper.
The Baltimore-Washington Spatial Dynamics and Human Impacts Study builds on earlier research efforts that mapped urban land use change for the San Francisco Bay area (Acevedo and Bell, 1994; Bell and others, 1995; Kirtland and others, 1994). In developing a temporal database (Acevedo and others, in press), the team participants hope to provide data that can be used to study patterns of urban growth; assess ecological, environmental, and climatic impacts of urban change; and model and predict future urbanization patterns and impacts (Clarke and others, 1996). Both the San Francisco and Baltimore-Washington regions were selected because of the rapid urban growth and resulting impacts on their ecosystems. The Chesapeake Bay region in particular has undergone extensive environmental agitation due to the hydrologic problems that have arisen from the increase in impermeable surfaces and structures, that is buildings and pavement that physically cover the soil. Because of the inability of water to percolate into the ground, little purification occurs by filtration. Water runs over paved surfaces and quickly washes high levels of toxins directly into the water system. Toxins like gasoline, oil, and fertilizer have dramatically affected the local streams, rivers, and the bay.
\n\n \n\nABSTRACT
\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Maryland Baltimore County,\n\nand the U.S. Bureau of the Census are developing a temporal database to\n\nstudy urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region. The primary\n\ndata layer, the extent of urban or built-up areas, was compiled using a\n\ngeographic information system and historical maps, remotely sensed data,\n\ndigital land use data, and census information from a variety of sources. \n\nUrban land use change has been documented by the Baltimore-Washington\n\nSpatial Dynamics & Human Impact Study Team for the last 200 years. The\n\nmethods, definitions, and collection criteria used to define urban or\n\nbuilt-up areas were developed by a multi-disciplinary team that also\n\nensures consistency in collection techniques and documentation methods\n\nfor subsequent application in other regions. Animation techniques were\n\nused to visualize the database and to document the evolution of the\n\nregion's urban landscape. The database is an important tool to urban and\n\nregional planners, ecologists, and global change researchers for measuring\n\ntrends in urban sprawl, analyzing patterns of water pollution,\n\nunderstanding the impacts of development on ecosystems, and developing\n\npredictive modeling techniques to better forecast areas of urban growth.
This paper describes the techniques used to map the extent of urban areas for Phase I and does not discuss Phase II in detail because the work is still in progress. In this study, urban development is defined as areas of intensive use, with much of the land covered by structures. The built-up areas are characterized by the existence of a systematic street pattern, and the relative concentration of buildings and associated intensive use areas, such as parking lots. Using this definition, urban development does not refer to political boundaries and may include incorporated or unincorporated areas as well as military reservations.ABSTRACT
\n\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Maryland Baltimore County,\n\nand the U.S. Bureau of the Census are developing a temporal database to\n\nstudy urban development in the Baltimore-Washington region. The primary\n\ndata layer, the extent of urban or built-up areas, was compiled using a\n\ngeographic information system and historical maps, remotely sensed data,\n\ndigital land use data, and census information from a variety of sources. \n\nUrban land use change has been documented by the Baltimore-Washington\n\nSpatial Dynamics & Human Impact Study Team for the last 200 years. The\n\nmethods, definitions, and collection criteria used to define urban or\n\nbuilt-up areas were developed by a multi-disciplinary team that also\n\nensures consistency in collection techniques and documentation methods\n\nfor subsequent application in other regions. Animation techniques were\n\nused to visualize the database and to document the evolution of the\n\nregion's urban landscape. The database is an important tool to urban and\n\nregional planners, ecologists, and global change researchers for measuring\n\ntrends in urban sprawl, analyzing patterns of water pollution,\n\nunderstanding the impacts of development on ecosystems, and developing\n\npredictive modeling techniques to better forecast areas of urban growth.
To build the urban component of the temporal database, a multidisciplinary team was assembled and a phased approach initiated. Expanding on procedures developed for the San Francisco Regional Study (Bell and others, 1995), the team developed data definitions, a classification scheme, compilation criteria, mapping specifications, guidelines for source materials, and metadata specifications to support development of a logically consistent dataset. Extensive documentation procedures were established to ensure consistency in data collection, and for subsequent application to other regions. Phase II was the implementation of the regional mapping effort.