{"pageNumber":"3771","pageRowStart":"94250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":2002249,"text":"2002249 - 1996 - Plant Communities of San Nicolas Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2002249","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"55","title":"Plant Communities of San Nicolas Island, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Park Studies Unit","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/2002249","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., Schwemm, C., Junak, S., and Keeney, T., 1996, Plant Communities of San Nicolas Island, California: Technical Report 55, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/2002249.","productDescription":"45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112263,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sdrsnet.srnr.arizona.edu/data/techreports/TECHRPT55.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":199057,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwemm, C.","contributorId":97444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwemm","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Junak, S.","contributorId":56343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Junak","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keeney, T.","contributorId":41109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeney","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2002255,"text":"2002255 - 1996 - Comparative demography of sea otter populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T16:31:34","indexId":"2002255","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1499,"text":"Endangered Species UPDATE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative demography of sea otter populations","docAbstract":"<p>Population trends are poorly documented and demographic information is typically lacking for many carnivorous mammals. The sea otter (<i>Enhydru lutris</i>) has a well known history of decline and recovery, and while many other species have declined as precipitously, few have recovered so spectacularly. Generally speaking, northern populations (remnants within the range of <i>E. l. lutris</i> and <i>E. l. kenyoni</i>) have recovered at high rates while recovery of the southern sea olter (<i>E. I. nereis</i>), which is listed as legally threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), has progressed more slowly. Our purpose is to contrast trends in abundance and demographic patterns between Southern California and northern (Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, and Asia) sea otter populations. Specifically, we provide (1) a brief review of the main findings to date: (2) a summary of ongoing and planned studies; and (3) recommendations for future research. A more detailed account of these and other issues concerning the conservation and management of sea otters is provided in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Recovery Plan for the Califomia Sea Otter (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Doak, D.F., Bodkin, J.L., Jameson, R.J., Monson, D., Watt, J., and Tinker, M.T., 1996, Comparative demography of sea otter populations: Endangered Species UPDATE, v. 13, no. 12, p. 11-13.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91877,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.umich.edu/~esupdate/library/96.12/contents.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":46811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jameson, Ronald J.","contributorId":17938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Watt, Jon","contributorId":167113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watt","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":2000919,"text":"2000919 - 1996 - Habitat selection and productivity of least terns on the lower Platte River, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:09:41","indexId":"2000919","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Habitat selection and productivity of least terns on the lower Platte River, Nebraska","docAbstract":"<p>Least terns (<i>Sterna antillarum</i>) were studied on the lower Platte River, Nebraska, where this endangered population nests on natural sandbar habitat and on sandpit sites created by gravel dredging adjacent to the river. Theoretically terns should select habitats according to habitat suitability. However, the introduction of sandpits and conversion of tallgrass prairies along the river banks to agriculture, residential, and wooded areas may have affected terns' abilities to distinguish suitable habitat or the suitability of nesting habitats in general. I examined habitat selection and productivity of least terns to determine if terns selected habitat according to suitability (as indicated by productivity), what factors affected habitat selection and productivity, and if estimated productivity could support this population. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Available habitats of both types were characterized and quantified using aerial videography (1989-90), and habitat use was assessed from census data (1987-90). Productivity of adults and causes and correlates of egg and chick mortality were estimated (1987-90). Population trend was assessed with a deterministic model using my estimates of productivity and a range of survival estimates for Laridae reported in the literature. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Terns tended to use river sites with large midstream sandbars and a wide channel, and large sandpit sites with large surface areas of water relative to unused sites on both habitats. Number of sites and area of sand available were estimated using discriminant function analysis of variables quantified from video scenes of both habitats. Terns apparently did not use all potentially available sandbar and sandpit sites because discriminant function factor scores for used and unused sites overlapped broadly for both habitats. Terns did not prefer 1 habitat over the other. Although proportions of available sites used were greater on sandpits than on the river, proportions of available sand used did not differ between habitats. Proportion of terns using each habitat was similar to proportion of available sand on each habitat. The distribution of nest initiation dates and rates of colony-site turnover also were similar on both habitats. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Productivity did not differ between habitats but varied significantly among sites. Nest success, fledging success, and fledglings per pair averaged 0.54, 0.28, and 0.47, respectively. Key factor analysis revealed that chick survival had a greater influence on production of fledglings (on both sandbars and sandpits) than did failure to produce a maximum clutch size or egg mortality. Most egg mortality was caused by predation on sandpits and by flooding on sandbars. Predation was suspected as the major cause of loss for chicks on both habitats. Path analysis revealed no strong or consistent correlations among mortality, numbers of nests and chicks, track trails of intruders into colonies, and habitat variables at colonies on either habitat. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Theoretically, terns should not prefer a habitat when habitats are equally suitable if terns have had time to respond to habitat changes. Although sandbars and sandpits appeared equally suitable and terns did not prefer either habitat, local productivity will not support this population unless annual postfledging survival is higher than current estimates for the species. Population trend estimated with fledglings per pair = 0.50 was negative for all but the highest (ca 0.90) rates of annual postfledging survival. Furthermore, deterministic models like the one used in this study overstimate trend. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>Productivity insufficient to support the local population, in spite of habitat use that reflects habitat suitability, could be due to increased predation caused by habitat alteration adjacent to the river that may have changed the predator community. Alternatively, terns in this area could persist in spite of prevailing low productivity because they are relatively long-lived birds, if highly productive years occasionally occur or if this population is augmented by immigrants from elsewhere.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Monographs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","issn":"00840173","usgsCitation":"Kirsch, E.M., 1996, Habitat selection and productivity of least terns on the lower Platte River, Nebraska, v. 132, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":292109,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3830782"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,40.0 ], [ -100.0,42.0 ], [ -95.3,42.0 ], [ -95.3,40.0 ], [ -100.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"132","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64943e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirsch, Eileen M. 0000-0002-2818-5022 ekirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5022","contributorId":3477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"Eileen","email":"ekirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002263,"text":"2002263 - 1996 - San Nicolas Island vegetation monitoring report, 1993-1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"2002263","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":383,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"56","title":"San Nicolas Island vegetation monitoring report, 1993-1996","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Park Studies Unit","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/2002263","usgsCitation":"Chess, K., Halvorson, W.L., and McEachern, K., 1996, San Nicolas Island vegetation monitoring report, 1993-1996: Technical Report 56, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/2002263.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://sdrsnet.srnr.arizona.edu/data/techreports/TECHRPT56.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":198355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chess, K.","contributorId":106433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chess","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McEachern, K.","contributorId":67438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002852,"text":"2002852 - 1996 - Detection and preliminary evaluation of natural enemies for possible biological control of the Northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2002852","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Detection and preliminary evaluation of natural enemies for possible biological control of the Northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Centre for Resarch on Introduced Marine Pests CSIRO","publisherLocation":"Australia","usgsCitation":"Kuris, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., and Grygier, M., 1996, Detection and preliminary evaluation of natural enemies for possible biological control of the Northern Pacific seastar, Asterias amurensis: Technical Report 3, 17 p.; map.","productDescription":"17 p.; map","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuris, A. M.","contributorId":62164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lafferty, K. D.","contributorId":58213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lafferty","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grygier, M.J.","contributorId":15311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grygier","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002851,"text":"2002851 - 1996 - Hunting success in the Central Valley, California, during 1995-96 compared with previous years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2002851","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":411,"text":"Special Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Hunting success in the Central Valley, California, during 1995-96 compared with previous years","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"Central Valley Habitat Joint Venture","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., 1996, Hunting success in the Central Valley, California, during 1995-96 compared with previous years: Special Technical Report 1, 17 p., 8 tables, 31 fig.","productDescription":"17 p., 8 tables, 31 fig.","startPage":"0","endPage":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a58a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000051,"text":"2000051 - 1996 - Seasonal bathymetric distributions of 16 fishes in Lake Superior, 1958-75","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:55","indexId":"2000051","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"Seasonal bathymetric distributions of 16 fishes in Lake Superior, 1958-75","docAbstract":"The bathymetric distributions of fishes in Lake Superior, which is one of the largest and deepest lakes in the world, has not been studied on a lakewide scale.  Knowledge about the bathymetric distributions will aid in designing fish sampling programs, estimating absolute abundances, and modeling energy flow in the lake.  Seasonal bathymetric distributions were determined , by 10-m depth intervals, for 16 fishes collected with bottom trawls and bottom-set gill nets within the upper 150 m of Lake Superior during 1958-75.  In spring trawl catches, maximum abundance occurred at these depths: 15 m for round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum); 25m for longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus); 35 m for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax); 45 m for lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush); 65 m for pygmy whitefish (Prospoium coulteri) and bloater (Coregonus hoyi); 75 m for trout- perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus); 105 m for shortjaw cisco (Coregonus zenithicus); and 115 m for ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), burbot (Lota lota), slimy sculpin (Cottus cogantus), spoonhead sculpin (Cottus ricei), and deepwater sculpin (Myoxcephalus thompsoni).  Bathymetric distributions in spring gill nets were similar to those in trawls, except that depths of maximum abundances in gill nets were shallower than those in trawls for lake trout, rainbow smelt, longnose sucker, and burbot.  Lake herring (Coregonus artedi) and kiyi (Coregonus kiyi) were rarely caught in trawls, and their maximum abundances in spring gill net collections were at depths of 25 and 145 m, respectively.  In summer, pygmy whitefish, shortjaw cisco, lake herring, kiyi, longnose sucker, burbot, ninespine stickleback, trout-perch, slimy sculpin, and spponhead sculpin were at shallower depths than in spring, whereas rainbow smelt were found in deeper water; there was no change for other species.  In fall, shortjaw cisco was at shallower depths than in summer, whereas the remaining species were found deeper, except for lake whitefish and lake trout whose modal depths did not change.  Distributions of lake trout and lake whitefish were analyzed by age group, and the young (ages 1-3) of both species were often found in shallower water than were older fish.  The shallow-water species exhibited little seasonal changes in bathymetric distributions, whereas the species that inhabited the middepths of deeper water generally moved shallower as the seasons progressed.  Most of the more pronounced seasaonl changes in bathymetric distribution were associated with spawning movements.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Selgeby, J.H., and Hoff, M.H., 1996, Seasonal bathymetric distributions of 16 fishes in Lake Superior, 1958-75: Biological Science Report 7, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198770,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc3df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1003046,"text":"1003046 - 1996 - Survival of radiomarked canvasback ducklings in northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T16:15:40.817953","indexId":"1003046","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of radiomarked canvasback ducklings in northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Duckling survival, an important factor affecting annual recruitment, has not been determined adequately for canvasbacks (<i>Aythya valisineria</i>). We investigated the magnitude, timing, and causes of mortality of canvasback ducklings from hatch to fledging at the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern Minnesota during 1987-90. During the 4 years, 217 day-old ducklings were radiomarked and released in 52 broods. Another 141 ducklings were radiomarked at <span>≥</span> to 4 weeks of age. Survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier nonparametric estimator and the Weibull parametric model. Most mortalities occurred within 10 days after hatch. Total brood loss occurred in 18 (85%) of 52 broods released. The primary sources of mortality were predation principally by mink (<i>Mustela vison</i>), and exposure to precipitation and cold temperature. For combined years, females had lower survival than males (<i>P</i>=0.03). If the disparate survival between sexes of canvasbacks observed in this study is representative of canvasbacks in their breeding range, this phenomenon contributes to reduced reproductive potential and the male-biased sex ratio of the species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802046","usgsCitation":"Korschgen, C.E., Kenow, K.P., Green, W.L., Johnson, D.H., Samuel, M.D., and Sileo, L., 1996, Survival of radiomarked canvasback ducklings in northwestern Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 1, p. 120-132, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802046.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"132","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.04305810184958,\n              48.43108354830676\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.04305810184958,\n              48.23643566664873\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.83452646164501,\n              48.23643566664873\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.83452646164501,\n              48.43108354830676\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.04305810184958,\n              48.43108354830676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68813c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Korschgen, Carl E.","contributorId":29354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenow, Kevin P. 0000-0002-3062-5197 kkenow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-5197","contributorId":3339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"Kevin","email":"kkenow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, William L.","contributorId":84324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Samuel, Michael D. msamuel@usgs.gov","contributorId":1419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"Michael","email":"msamuel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sileo, Louis","contributorId":94623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sileo","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1016199,"text":"1016199 - 1996 - Can shrub cover increase predation risk for a desert rodent?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:18:12.820969","indexId":"1016199","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Can shrub cover increase predation risk for a desert rodent?","docAbstract":"Previous research indicates that predation risk may influence activity patterns, habitat partitioning, and community structure of nocturnal desert rodents. Shrub microhabitat is typically considered safer than open microhabitat for these small mammals. We investigated predation risk for Townsend's ground squirrels (Spermophilus townsendii), which are diurnal desert rodents that detect predators visually and use burrows for refuge. Our results suggested that shrub cover may increase risk for these squirrels by decreasing their ability to escape from predators. Our field experiment indicated that running speeds of juvenile squirrels were lower in shrub (Ceratoides lanata) habitat than in open areas. Shrub cover was also associated with shorter predator-detection distances (mammalian and avian) and fewer refuges (burrow entrances per hectare) than in open areas in one year but not in another. Our study demonstrated that the visual and locomotive obstruction of vegetative cover may increase predation risk for diurnal desert rodents and that elements of habitat-dependent risk may be temporally dynamic.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","usgsCitation":"Schooley, R.L., and Sharpe, P., 1996, Can shrub cover increase predation risk for a desert rodent?: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 74, no. 1, p. 157-163.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134335,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schooley, Robert L.","contributorId":85934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schooley","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Peter B.","contributorId":93451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Peter B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2000139,"text":"2000139 - 1996 - Management of northern prairies and wetlands for the conservation of neotropical migratory birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T09:27:55","indexId":"2000139","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NC-187","title":"Management of northern prairies and wetlands for the conservation of neotropical migratory birds","docAbstract":"Grasslands and wetlands of the northern prairies provide important breeding habitat for a number of birds. Deciding which species deserve most attention in managing those habitats depends, in part, on the importance of the area to the species. Many species in northern prairies are more common elsewhere and need no special consideration in that area. Several species, however, are critically dependent on the prairies. These species merit particular attention if protection of biodiversity is a goal. <BR> Both grasslands and wetlands in the northern prairies have been extensively converted for agricultural use, which has reduced the value of these habitats for breeding birds. Most land-use changes took place before monitoring programs for birds began, so quantitative assessments of changes in avian populations are lacking. This paper discusses the status of bird populations in the northern prairies, key upland and wetland habitats, effects of common management practices, and issues that specifically result from a landscape perspective. Most management practices are employed for other objectives; consequences to nongame birds are incidental, but vitally important to some species.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of midwestern landscapes for the conservation of neotropical migratory birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1996, Management of northern prairies and wetlands for the conservation of neotropical migratory birds: General Technical Report NC-187, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"67","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11918,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/other/gtr-nc187/Page%2053%20DH%20Johnosn,%20NC-GTR-187.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2002834,"text":"2002834 - 1996 - National Park Service: sugar pine management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T12:28:23","indexId":"2002834","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"3362","title":"National Park Service: sugar pine management","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sugar Pine: status, values, and roles in ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources","isbn":"978-1-879906-26-6","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., 1996, National Park Service: sugar pine management, chap. <i>of</i> Sugar Pine: status, values, and roles in ecosystems, p. 212-213.","productDescription":"p. 212-213","startPage":"212","endPage":"213","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698787","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185707,"text":"70185707 - 1996 - The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T09:43:55","indexId":"70185707","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ratio of deethylatrazine to atrazine (DAR) may be used to record the first major runoff of herbicides from non-point-source corn fields to surface water in the Midwestern United States. The DAR dramatically decreases from ∼0.5 to &lt; 0.1 upon application of herbicide and the first major runoff event of a basin. The DAR then gradually increases to values of approximately 0.4–0.6 during the harvest season. Furthermore, the DAR may be used in studies of surface water movement to give a temporal indicator of water moving into reservoirs for possible storage of herbicides. It is hypothesized that deethylatrazine, which accounts for only 6% of the degradation of atrazine, becomes a significant metabolite in surface water (∼ 50% of parent compound) because of its selective removal from soil. This removal process may be an important concept for consideration in studies of herbicide contamination of rivers and reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03067319608045555","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Fallon, J.D., 1996, The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, no. 1-4, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319608045555.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7632e4b0ee37af29e4b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018238,"text":"70018238 - 1996 - Raton basin coalbed methane production picking up in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:42:59","indexId":"70018238","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raton basin coalbed methane production picking up in Colorado","docAbstract":"Coalbed methane production in the Raton basin of south-central Colorado and northeast New Mexico has gone over pilot testing and entered the development stage which is expected to last several years. The development work is restricted to roughly a 25 mile by 15 mile wide `fairway' centered about 20 miles west of Trinidad, Colorado. At last count, 85 wells were producing nearly 17.5 MMcfd of coalbed methane from the basin's Raton and Vermejo formation coals.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Hemborg, H.T., 1996, Raton basin coalbed methane production picking up in Colorado: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 94, no. 46, p. 101-102.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-94/issue-46/in-this-issue/exploration/raton-basin-coalbed-methane-production-picking-up-in-colorado.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"94","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9554e4b0c8380cd81956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemborg, H. Thomas","contributorId":55586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemborg","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018237,"text":"70018237 - 1996 - Climatic and hydrologic oscillations in the Owens Lake basin and adjacent Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:44:02","indexId":"70018237","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic and hydrologic oscillations in the Owens Lake basin and adjacent Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"Oxygen isotope and total inorganic carbon values of cored sediments from the Owens Lake basin, California, indicate that Owens Lake overflowed most of the time between 52,500 and 12,509 carbon-14 (14C) years before present (B.P.). Owens Lake desiccated during or after Heinrich event H1 and was hydrologically closed during Heinrich event H2. The magnetic susceptibility and organic carbon content of cored sediments indicate that about 19 Sierra Nevada glaciations occurred between 52,500 and 23,500 14C years B.P. Most of the glacial advances were accompanied by decreases in the amount of discharge reaching Owens Lake. Comparison of the timing of glaciation with the lithic record of North Atlantic core V23-81 indicates that the number of mountain glacial cycles and the number of North Atlantic lithic events were about equal between 39,000 and 23,500 14C years B.P.","language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.274.5288.746","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., Burdett, J., Kashgarian, M., Lund, S., Phillips, F.M., and Rye, R.O., 1996, Climatic and hydrologic oscillations in the Owens Lake basin and adjacent Sierra Nevada, California: Science, v. 274, no. 5288, p. 746-749, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5288.746.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"746","endPage":"749","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205868,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5288.746"}],"volume":"274","issue":"5288","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65be4b0c8380cd4c6ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burdett, J.W.","contributorId":10177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdett","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kashgarian, Michaele","contributorId":68473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kashgarian","given":"Michaele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lund, S.P.","contributorId":98054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, F. M.","contributorId":24493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018240,"text":"70018240 - 1996 - Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T11:07:39","indexId":"70018240","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary","docAbstract":"The mechanisms that resuspend bottom sediments in Hillsborough Bay, a shallow, microtidal, subtropical estuary in West-central Florida, were determined by analysing hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration data collected during several instrument deployments made in 1990 and 1991. Large vessels in a dredged ship channel can generate forced solitary long waves that cause large water velocities and sediment resuspension at the study sites. An experiment was conducted with a trawler that resuspended bottom sediments, and some of the resuspended sediments remained in suspension for at least 8 h. A secondary impact of vessel-generated long waves and trawling is that sediments that are resuspended and newly deposited are more susceptible to resuspension by tidal currents than undisturbed bottom sediments. Natural sediment resuspension by wind waves and tidal current is less frequent or of smaller magnitude than anthropogenic sediment resuspension. The annual mass of sediment resuspended by vessel-generated long waves is estimated to be one order of magnitude greater than the annual mass of sediment resuspended by wind waves generated by winter storms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1996.0086","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1996, Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 43, no. 5, p. 533-548, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0086.","startPage":"533","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0086"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ce4b0c8380cd49214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":7000014,"text":"7000014 - 1996 - The geologic story of the Ocoee River : see the river -- see the rapids -- see the rocks!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"7000014","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"The geologic story of the Ocoee River : see the river -- see the rapids -- see the rocks!","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000014","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, and Tennessee River Valley Authority, 1996, The geologic story of the Ocoee River : see the river -- see the rapids -- see the rocks!: General Interest Publication, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 23 x 41 cm. folded to 23 x 10 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000014.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 23 x 41 cm. folded to 23 x 10 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/ocoee2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"U.S. Forest Service","contributorId":128067,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Forest Service","id":535075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tennessee River Valley Authority","contributorId":128090,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Tennessee River Valley Authority","id":535077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019260,"text":"70019260 - 1996 - Age of Australopithecus afarensis from Fejej, Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019260","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2337,"text":"Journal of Human Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of Australopithecus afarensis from Fejej, Ethiopia","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Human Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jhev.1996.0010","issn":"00472484","usgsCitation":"Kappelman, J., Swisher, C.C., Fleagle, J., Yirga, S., Bown, T.M., and Feseha, M., 1996, Age of Australopithecus afarensis from Fejej, Ethiopia: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 30, no. 2, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0010.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205779,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0010"},{"id":226736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8ece4b0c8380cd47f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappelman, J.","contributorId":45063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappelman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleagle, J.G.","contributorId":80831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleagle","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yirga, S.","contributorId":9782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yirga","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bown, T. M.","contributorId":106858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feseha, M.","contributorId":91641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feseha","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":81513,"text":"81513 - 1996 - Changes in landscape values and expectations: What do we want and how do we measure it?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T15:44:24.168337","indexId":"81513","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Changes in landscape values and expectations: What do we want and how do we measure it?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"National parks and protected areas: Their role in environmental protection.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., 1996, Changes in landscape values and expectations: What do we want and how do we measure it?, chap. 2 <i>of</i> National parks and protected areas: Their role in environmental protection., p. 15-30.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e77","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wright, G.","contributorId":111360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504185,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":81514,"text":"81514 - 1996 - Resource issues addressed by case studies of sustained research in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T17:00:39.729209","indexId":"81514","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Resource issues addressed by case studies of sustained research in national parks","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and ecosystem management in the national parks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Davis, G.E., and Halvorson, W., 1996, Resource issues addressed by case studies of sustained research in national parks, chap. 15 <i>of</i> Science and ecosystem management in the national parks, p. 321-333.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e57","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504187,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G.E.","contributorId":10361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504186,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Gary E.","contributorId":73235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, William L.","contributorId":97194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018394,"text":"70018394 - 1996 - Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T09:10:25","indexId":"70018394","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus <i>Beaconichnus</i> and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.","title":"Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ichnogenus&nbsp;</span><i>Beaconichnus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Gevers 1973), an arthropod trace fossil, includes very different forms that comprise five ichnospecies, namely B.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>darwi‐nunt</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Gevers 1971),<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. gouldi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(Gevers 1971),<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. ahtarcticum</i><span>(Gevers 1971),<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. giganteum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Gevers and Twomey 1982, and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. wrrighti</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Gevers and Twomey 1982. The original diagnosis of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Beaconichnus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is rather vague and potentially may accommodate&nbsp;virtually every arthropod trackway described from the fossil record. In view of these problems, the validity of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Beaconichnus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is reassessed and each of its ichnospecies is reviewed. We conclude that B.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>darwinum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is a junior synonym of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Diplopodichnus biformis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Brady 1947; B.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>antarcticum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>should be regarded as<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Palmich‐niunt antarcticum;</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. wrighti</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is a<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>nomen nudum.</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Additionally, we agree with previous proposals in considering B.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>gouldi</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>as the senior synonym of B.<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>giganteum</i><span>, and including it in<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Diplichnites</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>Dawson 1873. Therefore, we suggest that the ichnogenus<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Beaconichnus</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is best disregarded. Additionally, we describe specimens collected from the Late Carboniferous Tonganoxie Sandstone Member (Stranger Formation) of eastern Kansas, ascribed herein to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Diplopodichnus biformis</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>Diplichnites gouldi</i><span>, which include examples of intergradations between both ichnotaxa, and provide synonymy lists for both ichnospecies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420949809386427","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M., Maples, C.G., and Lanier, W.P., 1996, Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 5, no. 4, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949809386427.","productDescription":"16 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,{"id":72558,"text":"ofr96119 - 1996 - Digital maps of the extent, base, top, and potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T10:20:30","indexId":"ofr96119","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-119","title":"Digital maps of the extent, base, top, and potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in Kansas","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96119","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Hansen, C.V., 1996, Digital maps of the extent, base, top, and potentiometric surface of the Ozark aquifer in Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-119, digital data set, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96119.","productDescription":"digital data set","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":193273,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340898,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://kansasgis.org/catalog/index.cfm?data_id=2222&show_cat=1"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65abaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, C. V.","contributorId":74749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70134348,"text":"70134348 - 1996 - Breaching the levee of a channel on the Mississippi Fan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T16:26:02.15181","indexId":"70134348","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Breaching the levee of a channel on the Mississippi Fan","docAbstract":"<p><span>GLORIA images of the youngest channel on the Mississippi Fan indicate that it has not been a stable feature, but instead has shifted its course several times. A detailed study of a site of channel shifting found a complex stratigraphy that resulted from one episode of channel avulsion. The channel avulsion appears to have been initiated by a large mass flow that choked the channel below the point where the levee was breached and additionally spilled a large volume of material through the breach in the levee onto the adjacent fan. Subsequent flows were redirected through this breach in the levee and built a channel-levee complex over the mass movement deposits. A second phase of mass movement resulted from another large mass flow that came down the channel and triggered the collapse of part of the newly developed levee. In this case, locally derived levee sediment was mixed with allochthonous sediment from farther up the fan and was spread northward from the levee. This localized study suggests that fan stratigraphy is complex and variable at several scales, not just at the scale resolved in seismic stratigraphic studies (Weimer 1989) and that large mass flows capable of choking the channel system have been an important mechanism in redirecting sedimentation on the Mississippi Fan.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the United States seafloor: The view from GLORIA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., Schwab, W.C., Kenyon, N.H., and Lee, H., 1996, Breaching the levee of a channel on the Mississippi Fan, chap. 5 <i>of</i> Geology of the United States seafloor: The view from GLORIA, p. 85-96.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Fan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.54121884917211,\n              29.595422232589186\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.94737292403212,\n              29.22641734460207\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.44867654329482,\n              25.23539984825524\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.92579153187651,\n              27.336844738629168\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.85334356383194,\n              29.06732000680151\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.54121884917211,\n              29.595422232589186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5475a82be4b08250614204b2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":61769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525937,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525938,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525939,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174702,"text":"70174702 - 1996 - Seasonal fluctuations of water quality in San Francisco Bay during the first three years of the regional monitoring program, 1993-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:44:11","indexId":"70174702","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Seasonal fluctuations of water quality in San Francisco Bay during the first three years of the regional monitoring program, 1993-1995","docAbstract":"<p>The 1995 Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) Annual Report includes monitoring results from the Base Program, Pilot and Special Studies, and summary and perspective articles contributed by RMP investigators and other scientists. The purpose of the RMP is to provide information on the status and trends of contamination in San Francisco Estuary water, sediment, and bivalve tissue, and to assess the potential for biological effects from exposure to those contaminants. The objectives, background, and rationale for the RMP are described in the Introduction (Chapter 1). The 1995 RMP Base Program was essentially the same as in 1994. Water monitoring was conducted in February, April, and August at 24 stations throughout the Estuary. Aquatic bioassays were conducted in February and August at 13 of those stations. Sediment monitoring was conducted in February and August at all 24 stations, and sediment bioassays were conducted at 12 of those stations. Bioaccumulation of contaminants by transplanted bivalves was monitored at 15 stations during two 90 day sampling periods: January to April and July to September. Pilot Studies on benthic fauna and tidal wetlands were conducted and Special Studies on trends in trace elements and development of sediment indicators were also included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute & Aquatic Science Center","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Cole, B., and Edwards, J., 1996, Seasonal fluctuations of water quality in San Francisco Bay during the first three years of the regional monitoring program, 1993-1995, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, J.L.","contributorId":74448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70134031,"text":"70134031 - 1996 - Characteristics of the continental slope and rise off North Carolina from GLORIA and seismic-reflection data: The interaction of downslope and contour current processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T16:04:53.041171","indexId":"70134031","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Characteristics of the continental slope and rise off North Carolina from GLORIA and seismic-reflection data: The interaction of downslope and contour current processes","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the United States' seafloor: The view from GLORIA","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Popenoe, P., and Dillon, W.P., 1996, Characteristics of the continental slope and rise off North Carolina from GLORIA and seismic-reflection data: The interaction of downslope and contour current processes, chap. 4 <i>of</i> Geology of the United States' seafloor: The view from GLORIA, p. 59-80.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"80","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.82216908525588,\n              36.50961536610902\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.68284270364393,\n              35.6915960460302\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.53737784419872,\n              35.09341687040302\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88104958550852,\n              34.674350939401236\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.01423748928781,\n              33.968610124379\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.20598305855482,\n              33.187031408205556\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.08208358021626,\n              36.54693455014467\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.82216908525588,\n              36.50961536610902\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54706230e4b0b935bc76ce1e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":61769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525654,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525655,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178145,"text":"70178145 - 1996 - Calculation and evaluation of sediment effect concentrations for the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i> and the midge <i>Chironomus riparius</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-04T09:34:39","indexId":"70178145","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation and evaluation of sediment effect concentrations for the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i> and the midge <i>Chironomus riparius</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Procedures are described for calculating and evaluating sediment effect concentrations (SECs) using laboratory data on the toxicity of contaminants associated with field-collected sediment to the amphipod </span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span> and the midge </span><i>Chironomus riparius</i><span>. SECs are defined as the concentrations of individual contaminants in sediment below which toxicity is rarely observed and above which toxicity is frequently observed. The objective of the present study was to develop SECs to classify toxicity data for Great Lake sediment samples tested with </span><i>Hyalella azteca</i><span> and </span><i>Chironomus riparius</i><span>. This SEC database included samples from additional sites across the United States in order to make the database as robust as possible. Three types of SECs were calculated from these data: (1) Effect Range Low (ERL) and Effect Range Median (ERM), (2) Threshold Effect Level (TEL) and Probable Effect Level (PEL), and (3) No Effect Concentration (NEC). We were able to calculate SECs primarily for total metals, simultaneously extracted metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The ranges of concentrations in sediment were too narrow in our database to adequately evaluate SECs for butyltins, methyl mercury, polychlorinated dioxins and furans, or chlorinated pesticides. About 60 to 80% of the sediment samples in the database are correctly classified as toxic or not toxic depending on type of SEC evaluated. ERMs and ERLs are generally as reliable as paired PELs and TELs at classifying both toxic and non-toxic samples in our database. Reliability of the SECs in terms of correctly classifying sediment samples is similar between ERMs and NECs; however, ERMs minimize Type I error (false positives) relative to ERLs and minimize Type II error (false negatives) relative to NECs. Correct classification of samples can be improved by using only the most reliable individual SECs for chemicals (i.e., those with a higher percentage of correct classification). SECs calculated using sediment concentrations normalized to total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations did not improve the reliability compared to SECs calculated using dry-weight concentrations. The range of TOC concentrations in our database was relatively narrow compared to the ranges of contaminant concentrations. Therefore, normalizing dry-weight concentrations to a relatively narrow range of TOC concentrations had little influence on relative concentra of contaminants among samples. When SECs are used to conduct a preliminary screening to predict the potential for toxicity in the absence of actual toxicity testing, a low number of SEC exceedances should be used to minimize the potential for false negatives; however, the risk of accepting higher false positives is increased.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70984-X","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C.G., Haverland, P.S., Brunson, E., Canfield, T., Dwyer, F.J., Henke, C., Kemble, N.E., Mount, D.R., and Fox, R.G., 1996, Calculation and evaluation of sediment effect concentrations for the amphipod <i>Hyalella azteca</i> and the midge <i>Chironomus riparius</i>: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 3, p. 602-623, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70984-X.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"623","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"581d9e2de4b0dee4cc90cbed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haverland, Pamela S.","contributorId":176137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haverland","given":"Pamela","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brunson, Eric L. 0000-0001-6624-0902 elbrunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6624-0902","contributorId":3282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"Eric L.","email":"elbrunson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Canfield, Timothy J.","contributorId":175397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Canfield","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dwyer, F. 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