{"pageNumber":"3777","pageRowStart":"94400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":70018408,"text":"70018408 - 1996 - The effect of membrane filtration on dissolved trace element concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:28:00.556115","indexId":"70018408","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of membrane filtration on dissolved trace element concentrations","docAbstract":"<p>The almost universally accepted operational definition for dissolved constituents is based on processing</p><p>The almost universally accepted operational definition for dissolved constituents is based on processing whole-water samples through a 0.45-μm membrane filter. Results from field and laboratory experiments indicate that a number of factors associated with filtration, other than just pore size (e.g., diameter, manufacturer, volume of sample processed, amount of suspended sediment in the sample), can produce substantial variations in the ‘disolved’ concentrations of such elements as Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, and Ni. These variations result from the inclusion/exclusion of colloidally-associated trace elements. Thus, 'dissolved' concentrations quantitated by analyzing filtrates generated by processing whole-water through similar pore-sized membrane filters may not be equal/comparable. As such, simple filtration through a 0.45-μm membrane filter may no longer represent an acceptable operational definition for dissolved chemical constituents. This conclusion may have important implications for environmental studies and regulatory agencies.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1995 International Clean Water Conference on Clean Water: Factors that Influence its Availabilty, Quality and its Use","conferenceDate":"Nov 28-30, 1995","conferenceLocation":"La Jolla, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00619288","usgsCitation":"Horowitz, A.J., Lum, K., Garbarino, J., Hall, G., Lemieux, C., and Demas, C.R., 1996, The effect of membrane filtration on dissolved trace element concentrations: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 281-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00619288.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab33e4b08c986b322cbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lum, K.R.","contributorId":84092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hall, G.E.M.","contributorId":67671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"G.E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lemieux, C.","contributorId":18118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemieux","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Demas, C. R.","contributorId":77178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Demas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70018224,"text":"70018224 - 1996 - Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell basin, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T12:56:16","indexId":"70018224","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell basin, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Lake Fryxell, 10 streams flowing into the lake, and the moat surrounding the lake was studied to determine the influence of sources and biogeochemical processes on its distribution and chemical nature. Lake Fryxell is an amictic, permanently ice-covered lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys which contains benthic and planktonic microbial populations, but receives essentially no input of organic material from the ahumic soils of the watershed. Biological activity in the water column does not appear to influence the DOC depth profile, which is similar to the profiles for conservative inorganic constituents. DOC values for the streams varied with biomass in the stream channel, and ranged from 0.2 to 9.7 mg C/L. Fulvic acids in the streams were a lower percentage of the total DOC than in the lake. These samples contain recent carbon and appear to be simpler mixtures of compounds than the lake samples, indicating that they have undergone less humification. The fulvic acids from just above the sediments of the lake have a high sulfur content and are highly aliphatic. The main transformations occurring as these fractions diffuse upward in the water column are 1) loss of sulfur groups through the oxycline and 2) decrease in aliphatic carbon and increase in the heterogeneity of aliphatic moieties. The fraction of modem 14C content of the lake fulvic acids range from a minimum of 0.68 (approximately 3000 years old) at 15m depth to 0.997 (recent material) just under the ice. The major processes controlling the DOC in the lake appear to be: 1) The transport of organic matter by the inflow streams resulting in the addition of recent organic material to the moat and upper waters of the lake; 2) The diffusion of organic matter composed of relict organic material and organic carbon resulting from the degradation of algae and bacteria from the bottom waters or sediments of the lake into overlying glacial melt water; 3) The addition of recent organic matter to the bottom waters of the lake from the moat.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00000900","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., McKnight, D., Harnish, R., and Wershaw, R., 1996, Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell basin, Antarctica: Biogeochemistry, v. 34, no. 3, p. 157-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000900.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16ede4b0c8380cd552fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, D.","contributorId":48713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harnish, R.","contributorId":72143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wershaw, R.","contributorId":64797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1003051,"text":"1003051 - 1996 - A comparison of solids collected in sediment traps and automated water samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:04:47.570771","indexId":"1003051","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of solids collected in sediment traps and automated water samplers","docAbstract":"<div id=\"Abs1-section\" class=\"c-article-section\"><div id=\"Abs1-content\" class=\"c-article-section__content\"><p>Sediment traps are being used in some pollution monitoring programs in the USA to sample suspended solids for contaminant analyses. This monitoring approach assumes that the characteristics of solids obtained in sediment traps are the same as those collected in whole-water sampling devices. We tested this assumption in the upper Mississippi River, based on the inorganic particle-size distribution (determined with a laser particle-analyzer) and volatile matter content of solids (a Surrogate for organic matter). Cylindrical sediment traps (aspect ratio 3) were attached to a rigid mooring device and deployed in a flowing side channel in Navigation Pool 7 of the upper Mississippi River. On each side of the mooring device, a trap was situated adjacent to a port of an autosampler that collected raw water samples hourly to form 2-d composite samples. Paired samples (one trap and one raw water, composite sample) were removed from each end of the mooring device at 2-d intervals during the 30-d study period and compared. The relative particle collection efficiency of paired samples did not vary temporally. Particle-size distributions of inorganic solids from sediment traps and water samples were not significantly different. The volatile matter content of solids was lesser in sediment traps (mean, 9.5%) than in corresponding water samples (mean, 22.7%). This bias may have been partly due to under-collection of phytoplankton (mainly cyanobacteria), which were abundant in the water column during the study. The poisoning of water samplers and sediment traps in the mooring device did not influence the particle-size distribution or total solids of samples. We observed a small difference in the amount of organic matter collected by water samplers situated at opposite ends of the mooring device.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00020547","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Bartsch, L., Rada, R., and Sullivan, J., 1996, A comparison of solids collected in sediment traps and automated water samplers: Hydrobiologia, v. 323, no. 1, p. 61-66, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020547.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133912,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"323","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch, L.A.","contributorId":7675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, J.F.","contributorId":73972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1002898,"text":"1002898 - 1996 - Nest initiation and clutch size of great blue herons on the Mississippi River in relation to the 1993 flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T21:59:20.567743","indexId":"1002898","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest initiation and clutch size of great blue herons on the Mississippi River in relation to the 1993 flood","docAbstract":"Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) eggs were collected from ten colonies between Clinton, Iowa and Royalton, Minnesota on the Mississippi River in 1993, a year of record floods in the midwestern United States. In the live southernmost colonies where record flooding occurred, Great Blue Herons initiated nesting two weeks later than herons nesting in the five northernmost colonies that were less affected by flooding. The southern nests had a-smaller average clutch size than the northern nests, but egg size was similar between south and north. Weather patterns in 1993 were similar between northern and southern colonies. We suspect that flooding of the available feeding habitat influenced nest initiation and clutch size. Data from 1995, a year without record flooding on the Mississippi River, support this hypothesis. In 1995, timing of nesting and number of eggs per clutch were similar between sites that had record flooding and sites that were less affected by flooding in 1993.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369135","usgsCitation":"Custer, T., Hines, R.K., and Custer, C.M., 1996, Nest initiation and clutch size of great blue herons on the Mississippi River in relation to the 1993 flood: Condor, v. 98, no. 2, p. 181-188, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369135.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503055,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/condor/vol98/iss2/1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133744,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697d28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, T. W. 0000-0003-3170-6519","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":91802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"T. W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":312277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, R. K.","contributorId":27819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":31330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001789,"text":"1001789 - 1996 - Evening flights of female northern pintails from a major roost site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:03:13.85187","indexId":"1001789","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evening flights of female northern pintails from a major roost site","docAbstract":"We monitored evening flights of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) from Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in southwestern Louisiana during winters of 1991-1992 and 1992-1993. We analyzed the influence of female age, winter, and date within wintering period on three flight parameters: distance, duration, and departure time. Flight distance and duration increased with date within wintering period, and age differences in flight distance and duration were not consistent between winters. Females departed 12 min later, on average, on clear, moonlit evenings than on overcast, moonless evenings, and 4 min later when winds were light rather than heavy. After controlling for variation due to environmental conditions, immature females departed Lacassine NWR 1.3 min earlier, on average, than did adults. Flight parameters of females did not differ between hunting and non-hunting time periods. Estimated daily transit costs ranged from 27-54% of basal metabolic rate, 7-19% of daily energy expenditure, and 8-20% of daily dietary intake of rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings that flight distance and duration increased with date within wintering period were consistent with predictions of refuging theory, but alternative hypotheses also could explain these results. Evening flights of Northern Pintails roosting on Lacassine NWR were greater in distance and duration than those reported for most other species of wintering waterfowl. We recommend that proximity of refuges to feeding sites be considered in conservation and management plans for wintering Northern Pintails and other refuging waterfowl.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369861","usgsCitation":"Cox, R.R., and Afton, A., 1996, Evening flights of female northern pintails from a major roost site: Condor, v. 98, p. 810-819, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369861.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"810","endPage":"819","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479073,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369861","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133987,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.08578491210938,\n              29.814433840986087\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83859252929688,\n              29.814433840986087\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83859252929688,\n              29.937085278663098\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.08578491210938,\n              29.937085278663098\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.08578491210938,\n              29.814433840986087\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, R. R. Jr.","contributorId":57006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, A. D.","contributorId":83467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Afton","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1002900,"text":"1002900 - 1996 - Exposure of wild waterfowl to Mycoplasma anatis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:17:53","indexId":"1002900","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure of wild waterfowl to Mycoplasma anatis","docAbstract":"We developed an ELISA procedure to assess the presence of M. Anatis-specific serum antibody in ducks. Sera from exposed and unexposed Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were used to standardize tile ELISA and to establish reference ranges to classify ELISA results as exposed or not exposed. We conducted serological surveys of female waterfowl in the central and eastern United States between 1988 and 1992 to assess the frequency of exposure in wild waterfowl. Adult breeding mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), wintering mallards, and black ducks (Anas rubripes) had high prevalences of exposure to M. Anatis (25% to >80%). In comparison, none of the breeding adult canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) had serum antibody levels indicating exposure. Approximately 50% of the juvenile mallards and black ducks were exposed to M. Anatis by 8 months of age, indicating high transmission rates among wild birds.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.331","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., Goldberg, D., Thomas, C.B., Sharp, P., Robb, J., Krapu, G., Nersessian, B., Kenow, K., Korschgen, C.E., Chipley, W., and Conroy, M., 1996, Exposure of wild waterfowl to Mycoplasma anatis: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 32, no. 2, p. 331-337, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.331.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"337","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.2.331","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":198540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9af5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":312289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, C. B.","contributorId":87888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sharp, P.","contributorId":88685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Robb, J.R.","contributorId":11551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nersessian, B.N.","contributorId":35035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nersessian","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kenow, K.P.","contributorId":18302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenow","given":"K.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Chipley, W.H.","contributorId":14783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipley","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70174702,"text":"70174702 - 1996 - Seasonal fluctuations of water quality in San Francisco Bay during the first three years of the regional monitoring program, 1993-1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T16:44:11","indexId":"70174702","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Seasonal fluctuations of water quality in San Francisco Bay during the first three years of the regional monitoring program, 1993-1995","docAbstract":"<p>The 1995 Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) Annual Report includes monitoring results from the Base Program, Pilot and Special Studies, and summary and perspective articles contributed by RMP investigators and other scientists. The purpose of the RMP is to provide information on the status and trends of contamination in San Francisco Estuary water, sediment, and bivalve tissue, and to assess the potential for biological effects from exposure to those contaminants. The objectives, background, and rationale for the RMP are described in the Introduction (Chapter 1). The 1995 RMP Base Program was essentially the same as in 1994. Water monitoring was conducted in February, April, and August at 24 stations throughout the Estuary. Aquatic bioassays were conducted in February and August at 13 of those stations. Sediment monitoring was conducted in February and August at all 24 stations, and sediment bioassays were conducted at 12 of those stations. Bioaccumulation of contaminants by transplanted bivalves was monitored at 15 stations during two 90 day sampling periods: January to April and July to September. Pilot Studies on benthic fauna and tidal wetlands were conducted and Special Studies on trends in trace elements and development of sediment indicators were also included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute & Aquatic Science Center","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J., Cole, B., and Edwards, J., 1996, Seasonal fluctuations of water quality in San Francisco Bay during the first three years of the regional monitoring program, 1993-1995, 13 p.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325261,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sfei.org/documents/1995-annual-report-san-francisco-estuary-regional-monitoring-program-trace-substances"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.70791625976561,\n              38.11943249695316\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.82464599609375,\n              38.0729603768343\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              38.08701320402273\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00042724609374,\n              38.09349821336742\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9757080078125,\n              38.11078875872392\n            ],\n            [\n              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E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, J.L.","contributorId":74448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171271,"text":"70171271 - 1996 - Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER): 'rules of thumb' for V<sub>i</sub>/100, π<sup>*</sup>, Β<sub>m</sub>, and α<sub>m</sub> estimation and use in aquatic toxicology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-26T10:37:47","indexId":"70171271","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"23","title":"Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER): 'rules of thumb' for V<sub>i</sub>/100, π<sup>*</sup>, Β<sub>m</sub>, and α<sub>m</sub> estimation and use in aquatic toxicology","docAbstract":"<p>This chapter provides a listing of the increasing variety of organic moieties and heteroatom group for which Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (LSER) values are available, and the LSER variable estimation rules. The listings include values for typical nitrogen-, sulfur- and phosphorus-containing moieties, and general organosilicon and organotin groups. The contributions by an ion pair situation to the LSER values are also offered in Table 1, allowing estimation of parameters for salts and zwitterions. The guidelines permit quick estimation of values for the four primary LSER variables V<i>i</i>/100, &pi;<sup>*</sup>, &Beta;<i>m</i>, and &alpha;<i>m</i><span>&nbsp;</span>by summing the contribtuions from its components. The use of guidelines and Table 1 significantly simplifies computation of values for the LSER variables for most possible organic comppounds in the environment, including the larger compounds of environmental and biological interest.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques in aquatic toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.P., 1996, Linear solvation energy relationships (LSER): 'rules of thumb' for V<sub>i</sub>/100, π<sup>*</sup>, Β<sub>m</sub>, and α<sub>m</sub> estimation and use in aquatic toxicology, chap. 23 <i>of</i> Techniques in aquatic toxicology, p. 435-457.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"457","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321717,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":321716,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.crcpress.com/Techniques-in-Aquatic-Toxicology/Ostrander/p/book/9781566701495"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57481e37e4b07e28b664dbd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015663,"text":"1015663 - 1996 - Overview of the limnology of Crater Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"1015663","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the limnology of Crater Lake","docAbstract":"Crater Lake occupies the collapsed caldera of volcanic Mount Mazama in Crater Lake National\r\nPark, Oregon. It is the deepest lake (589 m) in the United States and the 7th deepest lake in the world. The water column mixes to a depth of about 200 m in winter and spring from wind energy and cooling. The deep lake is mixed in winter and early spring each year when relatively cold water near the surface sinks and exchanges positions with water in the deep basins of the lake. The lake becomes thermally stratified in summer and early fall. The metalimnion extends to a depth of about 100 m; thus most of the water column is a cold hypolimnion. Secchi disk clarity measurements typically are in the upper-20-m range to the low-30-m range in summer and early fall. Concentrations of nutrients are low, although conductivity is relatively high owing to the inflow of hydrothermal fluids. Total chlorophyll is low in concentration, but typically maximal at a depth of 120 m during periods of thermal stratification. Primary production also is low, with the maximum levels occurring between the depth of 40 and 80 m. Phytoplankton taxa are spatially segregated from each other within the water column to a depth of 200 m in summer and early fall. The same generalization applies to the zooplankton taxa. Water level, clarity, concentrations of total chlorophyll, primary production, and abundances of zooplankton and introduced kokanee salmon exhibit long-term fluctuations. Based primarily on a recent 10-year study of the lake, the lake is\r\nconsidered to be pristine, except for the consequences of fish introductions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., 1996, Overview of the limnology of Crater Lake: Northwest Science, v. 70, p. 39-47.","productDescription":"p. 39-47","startPage":"39","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605997","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1015661,"text":"1015661 - 1996 - Effects of pesticides on owls in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T18:32:48.940968","indexId":"1015661","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of pesticides on owls in North America","docAbstract":"<p>A literature review of the effects of pesticides on owls in North America showed that relatively few studies have been undertaken. Owls used in experiments seem as sensitive to organochlorine pesticides (OCs) as other birds of prey, but wild owls experienced few serious problems, primarily because they were exposed to lower residues in their predominately mammalian or invertebrate prey. For example, the great horned owl (<i>Bubo virginianus</i>) and the common barn-owl (<i>Tyto alba</i>) neither experienced marked changes in mortality or recruitment rates nor was there any evidence of population decreases even during the maximum period of OC pesticide use. Also, eggshell thinning was not a widespread problem. There were adverse effects on individual owls including verified records of 74 owls of six species that died from secondary or tertiary poisoning related to strychnine, organochlorines, anticholinesterases (antiChEs) and anticoagulants in 16 states within the U.S. and one province in Canada. Most of the pesticide-related deaths occurred during the 1980s, although this probably does not represent a true temporal distribution. Verified mortalities of owls probably represent a small fraction of the actual number that died from pesticides. Incidence of mortality seems biased geographically toward areas such as New York that have active ecotoxicological programs. Burrowing owl (<i>Speotyto cunicularia</i>) populations currently are decreasing throughout much of the range in the U.S. and Canada. Studies in Canada indicate that antiChE pesticides, particularly carbofuran, were responsible for the declines there.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Raptor Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., 1996, Effects of pesticides on owls in North America: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 30, no. 4, p. 198-206.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"198","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":133457,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.09375,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.7734375,\n              52.5897007687178\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.22265625,\n              53.4357192066942\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.1015625,\n              50.84757295365389\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.87890625,\n              48.69096039092549\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.3984375,\n              48.922499263758255\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              48.574789910928864\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              40.58058466412761\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9921875,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.3671875,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5,\n              32.10118973232094\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.171875,\n              31.50362930577303\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              28.76765910569123\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.77734374999999,\n              29.99300228455108\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.734375,\n              26.43122806450644\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.69140625,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              30.14512718337613\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8828125,\n              36.03133177633187\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.09375,\n              44.465151013519616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, Lawrence J.","contributorId":35199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014717,"text":"1014717 - 1996 - Control of external Aeromonas salmonicida: topical disinfection of salmonids with Chloramine-T","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T12:01:08.99749","indexId":"1014717","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of external Aeromonas salmonicida: topical disinfection of salmonids with Chloramine-T","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Brook trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were treated with single 60-min static baths of 250 mg formalin/L, 3% NaCl, and 15 mg Chloramine-T/L to evaluate the efficacy of these compounds against external infections of Aeromonas salmonicida. Prevalence of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was significantly lower in brook trout treated with Chloramine-T than among those treated with formalin or salt. Further laboratory tests substantiated the therapeutic value of a single treatment of ChloramineT (15 mg/L) against<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i>. In two experiments, viable counts of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>in mucus did not vary among replicate groups of treated brook trout, but the counts for treated fish were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower than those for untreated controls. In vitro tube dilution assays indicated that mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of Chloramine-T for 10 isolates of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>were 9.0 mg/L for 1 h and 2.25 mg/L, for 24 h. In field trials at the White River National Fish Hatchery (Bethel, Vermont), the pathogen was detected principally as an external infection of juvenile Atlantic salmon<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo solar</i><span>&nbsp;</span>maintained in two culture ponds. In one pond, the bacterium accounted for 100% of the total distribution of tnicroflora isolated from mucus. Seven days after treatment with Chloramine-T,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. sahnonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>accounted for 11% of the total bacterial counts identified from these fish. In the second pond,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>A. salmonicida</i><span>&nbsp;</span>composed 3% of the counts of bacteria isolated from the mucus of fish before treatment but was not isolated after treatment.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0052:COEAST>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L., Starliper, C.E., Teska, J., Nelson, J., and Jensen, B., 1996, Control of external Aeromonas salmonicida: topical disinfection of salmonids with Chloramine-T: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 8, p. 52-57, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0052:COEAST>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b1cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Teska, J.D.","contributorId":15961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teska","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, J.T.","contributorId":91052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jensen, B.N.","contributorId":59394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"B.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70180837,"text":"70180837 - 1996 - Overview of La Mesa studies","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180837,"text":"70180837 - 1996 - Overview of La Mesa studies","indexId":"70180837","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Overview of La Mesa studies"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180812,"text":"70180812 - 1996 - Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium","indexId":"70180812","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70180812,"text":"70180812 - 1996 - Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium","indexId":"70180812","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-16T11:44:35","indexId":"70180837","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RM-GTR-286","title":"Overview of La Mesa studies","docAbstract":"<p>This 1994 Symposium on the La Mesa Fire reflects the efforts of the presenters and organizers to share some of the know ledge gained since 1977 about the ecological effects of the La Mesa Fire in particular, and Southwestern fire ecology in general. We are glad you came. We hope that you come away from this symposium with: 1) a greater understanding and appreciation for the varied and vital ecological role fire plays in many Southwestern ecosystems; and 2) some practical and useful information to help you manage fire in your local landscapes.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the second La Mesa Fire Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Second La Mesa Fire Symposium","conferenceDate":"March 29-31, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Los Alamos, NM","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.2737/RM-GTR-286","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., 1996, Overview of La Mesa studies: General Technical Report RM-GTR-286, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RM-GTR-286.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4c1e4b0fa1e59bc1e15","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725510,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180833,"text":"70180833 - 1996 - Fire history and climatic patterns in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests of the Jemez Mountains, Northern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T12:05:15","indexId":"70180833","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5599,"text":"U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RM-GTR-286","title":"Fire history and climatic patterns in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests of the Jemez Mountains, Northern New Mexico","docAbstract":"<p>We reconstructed fire history in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests across the Jemez Mountains in northern New Mexico. We collected fire-scarred samples from ten ponderosa pine areas, and three mesic mixed-conifer areas. Prior to 1900, ponderosa pine forests were characterized by high frequency, low intensity surface fire regimes. The mixed-conifer stands sustained somewhat less frequent surface fires, along with patchy crown fires. We also examined the associations between past fires and winter-spring precipitation. In both ponderosa pine and mixed- conifer forests, precipitation was significantly reduced in the winter-spring period immediately prior to fire occurrence. In addition, winter-spring precipitation during the second year preceding major fire years in the ponderosa pine forest was significantly increased. The results of this study pro- vide baseline knowledge concerning the ecological role of fire in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests. This information is vital to support ongoing ecosystem management efforts in the Jemez Mountains.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the second La Mesa Fire symposium (U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-286)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Second La Mesa Fire symposium","conferenceDate":"March 29-31, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Los Alamos, NM","language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.2737/RM-GTR-286","usgsCitation":"Touchan, R., Allen, C.D., and Swetnam, T., 1996, Fire history and climatic patterns in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forests of the Jemez Mountains, Northern New Mexico: U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM-GTR-286, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RM-GTR-286.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479088,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemex Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4c1e4b0fa1e59bc1e19","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725578,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Touchan, Ramzi","contributorId":77863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Touchan","given":"Ramzi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":90455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180812,"text":"70180812 - 1996 - Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180810,"text":"70180810 - 1996 - Elk response to the La Mesa fire and current status in the Jemez Mountains","indexId":"70180810","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Elk response to the La Mesa fire and current status in the Jemez Mountains"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180812,"text":"70180812 - 1996 - Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium","indexId":"70180812","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70180837,"text":"70180837 - 1996 - Overview of La Mesa studies","indexId":"70180837","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Overview of La Mesa studies"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70180812,"text":"70180812 - 1996 - Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium","indexId":"70180812","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-16T11:44:39","indexId":"70180812","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RM-GTR-286","title":"Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1977, the La Mesa Fire burned across 15,444 acres of ponderosa pine forests on the adjoining lands of Bandelier National Monument, the Santa Fe National Forest, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. Following this event, several fire effects studies were initiated. The 16 papers herein document longer-term knowledge gained about the ecological effects of the fire and about Southwestern fire ecology in general. The presentations are also designed to give resource managers practical information for managing fire in local landscapes. Studies presented range from fire histories and avifauna to geomorphology and arthropods.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Second La Mesa Fire symposium","conferenceDate":"March 29-31, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Los Alamos, NM","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","doi":"10.2737/RM-GTR-286","usgsCitation":"1996, Fire effects in southwestern forests: Proceedings of the Second La Mesa Fire symposium: General Technical Report RM-GTR-286, 216 p., https://doi.org/10.2737/RM-GTR-286.","productDescription":"216 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-286","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":334689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Bandelier National Monument, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Santa Fe National Forest","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4c1e4b0fa1e59bc1e1b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662502,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014811,"text":"1014811 - 1996 - Size-dependent effects of continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation time and mass loss in starving yellow perch larvae and juveniles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-26T14:33:26.365007","indexId":"1014811","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size-dependent effects of continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation time and mass loss in starving yellow perch larvae and juveniles","docAbstract":"<p><span>Starvation rates of fish larvae living in patchy prey environments can have an important impact on cohort survival and recruitment. Despite this, little is known about how fluctuations in feeding experience influence starvation resistance and how this changes with ontogeny. Fish previously exposed to fluctuating food densities may not respond to long periods without food in the same way as fish previously exposed to a constant prey density. In a series of laboratory experiments with larvae and juveniles of yellow perch&nbsp;</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>, we tested the effects of continuous and intermittent feeding on times to starvation and on mass loss up to death from starvation for fish with initial total lengths of 10, 15, and 20 mm. Results indicated that proportional mass loss up to starvation was independent of fish mass, but that it did depend on feeding history. Fish that fed continuously before starvation all died after losing the same proportion of body mass (55%), but intermittent feeders died when they were slightly heavier (51–46% of body mass lost). Times to 50% mortality followed a different pattern; there was no significant difference in times to 50% mortality for fish that had fed continuously or intermittently for the same number of days before starvation. We conclude that short‐term fluctuations (≤4 d) in food availability do not appear to affect times to starvation but do influence mass loss during starvation in young yellow perch.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0014:SDEOCA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Letcher, B.H., Rice, J.A., Crowder, L., and Binkowski, F.P., 1996, Size-dependent effects of continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation time and mass loss in starving yellow perch larvae and juveniles: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 125, no. 1, p. 14-26, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0014:SDEOCA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"26","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eed3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Letcher, B. H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":48132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"B.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crowder, L.B.","contributorId":104437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowder","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Binkowski, F. P.","contributorId":9612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binkowski","given":"F.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1015664,"text":"1015664 - 1996 - Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:40","indexId":"1015664","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"We studied the diet of Great Horned Owls (Bubo virginianus) in the Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area in southwestern Idaho for 14 breeding seasons. The diet included 89.2% mammals by number and 91.2% by mass. Kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) were the most common prey overall, but montane voles (Microtus montanus), Peromyscus spp., Great Basin pocket mice (Perognathus parvus) and Townsend's pocket gophers (Thomomys towsendii) were most common at some collection sites. Estimated mean mass of prey was 44.5 g (range 20.5-82.6 g at individual nests), and food-niche breadth (dietary diversity estimated by $1/\\Sigma p_{{\\rm i}}{}^{2}$) was 7.32 (range 1.55-6.85 at individual nests). Lower mean overlap in diet occurred between nests in the same year than between years at the same nest. Species of prey taken were significantly correlated with the general habitat types in which the nest was located. Diets of owls in areas of intensive agriculture overlapped little (42%) with those in rangeland habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Marti, C., and Kochert, M.N., 1996, Diet and trophic characteristics of great horned owls in southwestern Idaho: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 499-506.","productDescription":"p. 499-506","startPage":"499","endPage":"506","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d8b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marti, C.D.","contributorId":31359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marti","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kochert, Michael N. 0000-0002-4380-3298 mkochert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3298","contributorId":3037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kochert","given":"Michael","email":"mkochert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001145,"text":"1001145 - 1996 - Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns affect midcontinent wetlands sensitive to climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:16:45","indexId":"1001145","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns affect midcontinent wetlands sensitive to climate","docAbstract":"Twenty-seven years of data from midcontinent wetlands indicate that the response of these wetlands to extremes in precipitation-drought and deluge-persists beyond the extreme events. Chemical changes transcend such simple relations as increased salinity during dry periods because drought provides mechanisms for removal of salt by deflation and seepage to groundwater. Inundation of vegetation zones including rooted or floating mats of cattail (Typha glauca) can stimulate sulfate reduction and shift the anion balance from sulfate to bicarbonate dominance. Disruptions in the circulation of moisture-laden air masses over the midcontinent, as in the drought of 1988 and the deluge of 1993, have a major effect on these wetlands, which are representatives of the primary waterfowl breeding habitat of the continent.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., Winter, T.C., Swanson, G., and Rosenberry, D., 1996, Changes in atmospheric circulation patterns affect midcontinent wetlands sensitive to climate: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 41, no. 5, p. 864-870.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"864","endPage":"870","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5992","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, G.A.","contributorId":49299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.","contributorId":39338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1014876,"text":"1014876 - 1996 - Health management: Atlantic salmon restoration effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1014876","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3791,"text":"Women in Natural Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health management: Atlantic salmon restoration effort","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Women in Natural Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"96-103/PY96/FH","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., 1996, Health management: Atlantic salmon restoration effort: Women in Natural Resources, v. 17, no. 3, p. 27-33.","productDescription":"p. 27-33","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63c84f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001135,"text":"1001135 - 1996 - Water-level fluctuation in wetlands as a function of landscape condition in the prairie pothole region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T10:10:55","indexId":"1001135","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water-level fluctuation in wetlands as a function of landscape condition in the prairie pothole region","docAbstract":"We evaluated water-level fluctuation (maximum water depth - minimum water depth/catchment size) in 12 temporary, 12 seasonal, and 12 semipermanent wetlands equally distributed among landscapes dominated by tilled agricultural lands and landscapes dominated by grassland. Water levels fluctuated an average of 14.14 cm in wetlands within tilled agricultural landscapes, while water levels in wetlands within grassland landscapes fluctuated an average of only 4.27 cm. Tillage reduces the natural capacity of catch meets to mitigate surface flow into wetland basins during precipitation events, resulting in greater water-level fluctuations in wetlands with tilled catchments. In addition, water levels in temporary and seasonal wetlands fluctuated an average of 13.74 cm and 11.82 cm, respectively, while water levels in semipermanent wetlands fluctuated only 2.77 cm. Semipermanent wetlands receive a larger proportion of their water as input from ground water than do either temporary or seasonal wetlands. This input of water from the ground has a stabilizing effect on water-levels of semipermanent wetlands. Increases in water-level fluctuation due to tillage or due to alteration of ground-water hydrology may ultimately affect the composition of a wetland's flora and fauna. In this paper, we also describe an inexpensive device for determining absolute maximum and minimum water levels in wetlands.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","doi":"10.1007/BF03161350","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., and Mushet, D.M., 1996, Water-level fluctuation in wetlands as a function of landscape condition in the prairie pothole region: Wetlands, v. 16, no. 4, p. 587-593, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161350.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"587","endPage":"593","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e75bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":310567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1004009,"text":"1004009 - 1996 - Floristic summary of 22 National Parks in the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T14:23:37.662678","indexId":"1004009","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Floristic summary of 22 National Parks in the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Biological diversity is studied at many geographical scales, but specimen collecting is invariably done at a local level. Collecting of animal and plant specimens leads to the compilation of checklists for multiple small areas, which are sometimes merged to produce larger, regional checklists. Such an approach was employed to study the regional vascular flora of 22 national parks of the midwestern United States. Total number of plant taxa (species level and below) ranged from 86 at Hopewell Culture National Historical Park to 1,399 at Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and averaged 520 per park. Infraspecific taxa were 12% or less of all taxa at all parks and averaged 7%. Genera per parkranged from 70 to 562, and families ranged from 41 to 145. Non-native species averaged 95 per park, or about 27% on average of the total number of taxa per park. The aggregated regional flora contained just over 2,900 taxa, 828 genera and 160 families. Eleven percent of the taxa were below the species level. Almost 17% of the taxa were non-native, a relatively large percentage, but not out of the range of percentages reported in the literature. The observed and estimated numbers of taxa for this region were in good agreement with other estimates for these latitudes and for a standard regional size. However, the parks do not represent their respective state floras very well when they are aggregated at that scale. Indiana was the best represented state with 65% of the state flora found in the parks, while only 25% of each state's flora were represented by parks in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska, and the average representation was only 42%.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","usgsCitation":"Bennett, J.P., 1996, Floristic summary of 22 National Parks in the Midwestern United States: Natural Areas Journal, v. 16, no. 4, p. 295-302.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"302","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43911606"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, 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P.","contributorId":52103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002467,"text":"1002467 - 1996 - Denitrification in a South Louisiana wetland forest receiving treated sewage effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1002467","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in a South Louisiana wetland forest receiving treated sewage effluent","docAbstract":"Although denitrification has the potential to reduce nitrate (NO3a??) pollution of surface waters, the quantification of denitrification rates is complex because it requires differentiation from other mechanisms and is highly variable in both space and time. This study first measured potential denitrification rates at a wetland forest site in south Louisiana before receipt of secondary wastewater effluent, and then, following 30 months of effluent application, landscape gradients of dissolved nitrate (NO3a??) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured. A computer model was developed to quantify N transformations. Floodwater NO3a?? and N2O concentrations were higher in the forest receiving effluent than in the adjacent control forest. Denitrification rates of NO3a?? -amended soil cores ranged from 0.03a??0.45 g N ma??2 da??1 with an overall mean of 0.10 g N ma??2 da??1. Effluent N is being applied at a rate of approximately 0.034 g N ma??2 da??1, with approximately 95% disappearing along a 1 km transect. In the treatment forest, floodwater NO3a?? concentrations decreased from 1000 M at the inflow point to 50 M along the 1 km transect. Nitrous oxide concentrations increased from 0.25 M to 1.2 M within the first 100 m, but decreased to 0.1 M over the next 900 m. The initial increase in N2O was presumably a result ofin situ denitrification. Model analyses indicated that denitrification was directly associated with nitrification and was limited by the availability of NO3a?? produced by nitrification. Due to different redox potential optima, coupling of nitrification and denitrification was a function of a balance of environmental conditions that was moderately favorable to both processes. N removal efficiency was largely dependent on the proportion of effluent NH4+ to NO3a?? . When NH4+ /NO3a?? was 1, average N removal efficiency ranged from 95a??100%, but ratios that were >1 reduced average efficiencies to as low as 57%. Actual effluent NH4+ /NO3a?? loading ratios at this site are approximately 0.2 and are consistently <1.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02150540","usgsCitation":"Boustany, R., Crozier, C., Rybczyk, J., and Twilley, R., 1996, Denitrification in a South Louisiana wetland forest receiving treated sewage effluent: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 4, no. 4, p. 273-283, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02150540.","productDescription":"p. 273-283","startPage":"273","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150540","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6947.000000000000000"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boustany, R.G.","contributorId":27003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boustany","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crozier, C.R.","contributorId":37702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crozier","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rybczyk, J.M.","contributorId":41796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1008022,"text":"1008022 - 1996 - Status reports: west coast translocation projects, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:26","indexId":"1008022","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3576,"text":"The Otter Raft","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status reports: west coast translocation projects, Oregon and Washington","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Otter Raft","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jameson, R., 1996, Status reports: west coast translocation projects, Oregon and Washington: The Otter Raft, v. 55.","productDescription":"p. 8","startPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jameson, R.J.","contributorId":56581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jameson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1012908,"text":"1012908 - 1996 - Monitoring the status of wild sea otter populations: field studies and techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:47:10","indexId":"1012908","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1499,"text":"Endangered Species UPDATE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring the status of wild sea otter populations: field studies and techniques","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Endangered Species Update","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Michigan","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., and Ballachey, B.E., 1996, Monitoring the status of wild sea otter populations: field studies and techniques: Endangered Species UPDATE, v. 13, no. 12, p. 14-20.","productDescription":"pp. 14-20","startPage":"14","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":269291,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/39333/als9527.0013.012.pdf;jsessionid=0BCB2EC8EB53873B9506CDB6F97743F5?sequence=1"},{"id":130757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":81449,"text":"81449 - 1996 - Quantum chemical parameters in QSAR: what do I use when?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:03","indexId":"81449","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quantum chemical parameters in QSAR: what do I use when?","docAbstract":"This chapter provides a brief overview of the numerous quantum chemical parameters that have been/are currently being used in quantitative structure activity relationships  (QSAR), along with a representative bibliography.  The parameters will be grouped according to their mechanistic interpretations, and representative biological and physical chemical applications will be mentioned.  Parmater computation methods and the appropriate software are highlighted, as are sources for software.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Techniques in aquatic toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J.P., 1996, Quantum chemical parameters in QSAR: what do I use when?, chap. <i>of</i> Techniques in aquatic toxicology, p. 405-433.","productDescription":"p. 405-433","startPage":"405","endPage":"433","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ostrander, Gary K.","contributorId":113895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostrander","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504113,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, James P.","contributorId":83460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1008081,"text":"1008081 - 1996 - Thiotrix sp. (Beggiatoaceae) from tadpoles in western Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:27","indexId":"1008081","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thiotrix sp. (Beggiatoaceae) from tadpoles in western Mexico","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Ford, P., and Scott, N., 1996, Thiotrix sp. (Beggiatoaceae) from tadpoles in western Mexico: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 41, p. 328-331.","productDescription":"p. 328-331","startPage":"328","endPage":"331","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c5df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, P.L.","contributorId":48138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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