{"pageNumber":"378","pageRowStart":"9425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":70021178,"text":"70021178 - 1999 - Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-26T11:15:43.720458","indexId":"70021178","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra","docAbstract":"

Three 60 m long, 2·8 m high snowfences have been erected to study long-term effects of changing winter snow conditions on arctic and alpine tundra. This paper describes the experimental design and short-term effects. Open-top fiberglass warming chambers are placed along the experimental snow gradients and in controls areas outside the fences; each warming plot is paired with an unwarmed plot. The purpose of the experiment is to examine short- and long-term changes to the integrated physical-biological systems under simultaneous changes of winter snow regime and summer temperature, as part of the Long-Term Ecological Research network and the International Tundra Experiment. The sites were at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, a temperate high altitude site in the Colorado Rockies, and Toolik Lake, Alaska, a high-latitude site. Initial results indicate that although experimental designs are essentially identical at the arctic and alpine sites, experimental effects are different. The drift at Niwot Ridge lasts much longer than do the Toolik Lake drifts, so that the Niwot Ridge fence affects both summer and winter conditions, whereas the Toolik Lake fence affects primarily winter conditions. The temperature experiment also differs in effect between the sites. Although the average temperature increase at the two sites is similar (daily increase 1·5 °C at Toolik and 1·9 °C at Niwot Ridge), at Toolik Lake there is only minor diurnal variation, whereas at Niwot Ridge the daytime increases are extreme on sunny days (as much as 7–10 °C), and minimum nighttime temperatures in the chambers are often slightly cooler than ambient (by about 1 °C). The experimental drifts resulted in wintertime increases in temperature and CO2 flux. Temperatures under the deep drifts were much more consistent and warmer than in control areas, and at Niwot Ridge remained very close to 0 °C all winter. These increased temperatures were likely responsible for observed increases in system carbon loss. Initial changes to the aboveground biotic system included an increase in growth in response to both snow and warming, despite a reduced growing season. This is expected to be a transient response that will eventually be replaced by reduced growth. At least one species, Kobresia myosuroides, had almost completely died at Niwot Ridge three years after fence construction, whereas other species were increasing. We expect in both the short- and long-term to see the strongest effects of snow at the Niwot Ridge site, and stronger effects of temperature at Toolik Lake. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2315::AID-HYP888>3.0.CO;2-A","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Walker, M., Walker, D., Welker, J., Arft, A., Bardsley, T., Brooks, P.D., Fahnestock, J.T., Jones, M., Losleben, M., Parsons, A., Seastedt, T., and Turner, P., 1999, Long-term experimental manipulation of winter snow regime and summer temperature in arctic and alpine tundra: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 14-15, p. 2315-2330, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2315::AID-HYP888>3.0.CO;2-A.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2315","endPage":"2330","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199910)13:14/15<2315::aid-hyp888>3.0.co;2-a","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"14-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a498ee4b0c8380cd686f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, M.D.","contributorId":31937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, D.A.","contributorId":82484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Walker","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welker, J.M.","contributorId":82868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arft, A.M.","contributorId":77689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arft","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bardsley, T.","contributorId":29152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bardsley","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fahnestock, J. T.","contributorId":54545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fahnestock","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jones, M.H.","contributorId":75716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Losleben, M.","contributorId":44690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Losleben","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Parsons, A.N.","contributorId":46238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seastedt, T.R.","contributorId":57233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seastedt","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Turner, P.L.","contributorId":84942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70021175,"text":"70021175 - 1999 - Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T09:11:07","indexId":"70021175","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport","docAbstract":"

The development and distribution of phytoplankton blooms in estuaries are functions of both local conditions (i.e. the production-loss balance for a water column at a particular spatial location) and large-scale horizontal transport. In this study, the second of a 2-paper series, we use a depth-averaged hydrodynamic-biological model to identify transport-related mechanisms impacting phytoplankton biomass accumulation and distribution on a system level. We chose South San Francisco Bay as a model domain, since its combination of a deep channel surrounded by broad shoals is typical of drowned-river estuaries. Five general mechanisms involving interaction of horizontal transport with variability in local conditions are discussed. Residual (on the order of days to weeks) transport mechanisms affecting bloom development and location include residence time/export, import, and the role of deep channel regions as conduits for mass transport. Interactions occurring on tidal time scales, i.e. on the order of hours) include the phasing of lateral oscillatory tidal flow relative to temporal changes in local net phytoplankton growth rates, as well as lateral sloshing of shoal-derived biomass into deep channel regions during ebb and back into shallow regions during flood tide. Based on these results, we conclude that: (1) while local conditions control whether a bloom is possible, the combination of transport and spatial-temporal variability in local conditions determines if and where a bloom will actually occur; (2) tidal-time-scale physical-biological interactions provide important mechanisms for bloom development and evolution. As a result of both subtidal and tidal-time-scale transport processes, peak biomass may not be observed where local conditions are most favorable to phytoplankton production, and inherently unproductive areas may be regions of high biomass accumulation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps187017","issn":"01718630","usgsCitation":"Lucas, L., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S., Cloern, J., and Thompson, J., 1999, Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. II: The role of horizontal transport: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 187, p. 17-30, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187017.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"30","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps187017","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":266014,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps187017"},{"id":229979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"187","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8db2e4b0c8380cd7ed96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, L.V.","contributorId":62777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koseff, Jeffrey R.","contributorId":37915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koseff","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monismith, Stephen G.","contributorId":57228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monismith","given":"Stephen G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thompson, J.K.","contributorId":103300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70022037,"text":"70022037 - 1999 - Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T07:59:52","indexId":"70022037","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake","docAbstract":"Runoff of road salt from an interstate highway in New Hampshire has led to contamination of a lake and a stream that flows into the lake, in spite of the construction of a diversion berm to divert road salt runoff out of the lake drainage basin. Chloride concentration in the stream has increased by over an order of magnitude during the 23 yr since the highway was opened, and chloride concentration in the lake has tripled. Road salt moves to the lake primarily via the contaminated stream, which provides 53% of all the chloride to the lake and only 3% of the total streamflow to the lake. The stream receives discharge of salty water froth leakage through the diversion berm. Uncontaminated ground water dilutes the stream downstream of the berm. However, reversals of gradient during summer months, likely caused by transpiration from deciduous trees, result in flow of contaminated stream water into the adjacent ground water along the lowest 40-m reach of the stream. This contaminated ground water then discharges into the lake along a 70-m-wide segment of lake shore. Road salt is pervasive in the bedrock between the highway and the lake, but was not detected at all of the wells in the glacial overburden. Of the 500 m of shoreline that could receive discharge of saly ground water directly from the highway, only a 50-m-long segment appears to be contaminated.","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1005041632056","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Bukaveckas, P., Buso, D., Likens, G., Shapiro, A., and Winter, T.C., 1999, Movement of road salt to a small New Hampshire lake: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 109, no. 1-4, p. 179-206, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005041632056.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"206","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206621,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005041632056"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5f21e4b0c8380cd70db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukaveckas, P.A.","contributorId":87322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukaveckas","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buso, D.C.","contributorId":31392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buso","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":392122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70022032,"text":"70022032 - 1999 - Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:33:15","indexId":"70022032","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3609,"text":"Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem","docAbstract":"Periphyton samples from the Big Cypress National Preserve were analyzed for concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and methylmercury. Concentrations of organic carbon, inorganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in periphyton samples also were determined. The samples were extracted with sodium acetate solution at a pH of 5.5 to determine exchangeable and carbonate phase metal concentrations in periphyton. Total metal concentrations in the periphyton were directly related to the degree of calcite saturation in the water column. Exchangeable and carbonate phase metal concentrations were directly related to the percent inorganic carbon in the samples. A connection between the geochemistry of trace metals and calcite precipitation and dissolution is suggested.","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02772249909358754","issn":"02772248","usgsCitation":"Cox, T., Simon, N., and Newland, L., 1999, Copper, lead, mercury and zinc in periphyton from the south Florida ecosystem: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, v. 70, no. 3-4, p. 259-274, https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249909358754.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc01e4b0c8380cd4e093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, T.","contributorId":42249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newland, L.","contributorId":96444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newland","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021992,"text":"70021992 - 1999 - Geostatistical applications in ground-water modeling in south-central Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:38","indexId":"70021992","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geostatistical applications in ground-water modeling in south-central Kansas","docAbstract":"This paper emphasizes the supportive role of geostatistics in applying ground-water models. Field data of 1994 ground-water level, bedrock, and saltwater-freshwater interface elevations in south-central Kansas were collected and analyzed using the geostatistical approach. Ordinary kriging was adopted to estimate initial conditions for ground-water levels and topography of the Permian bedrock at the nodes of a finite difference grid used in a three-dimensional numerical model. Cokriging was used to estimate initial conditions for the saltwater-freshwater interface. An assessment of uncertainties in the estimated data is presented. The kriged and cokriged estimation variances were analyzed to evaluate the adequacy of data employed in the modeling. Although water levels and bedrock elevations are well described by spherical semivariogram models, additional data are required for better cokriging estimation of the interface data. The geostatistically analyzed data were employed in a numerical model of the Siefkes site in the project area. Results indicate that the computed chloride concentrations and ground-water drawdowns reproduced the observed data satisfactorily.This paper emphasizes the supportive role of geostatistics in applying ground-water models. Field data of 1994 ground-water level, bedrock, and saltwater-freshwater interface elevations in south-central Kansas were collected and analyzed using the geostatistical approach. Ordinary kriging was adopted to estimate initial conditions for ground-water levels and topography of the Permian bedrock at the nodes of a finite difference grid used in a three-dimensional numerical model. Cokriging was used to estimate initial conditions for the saltwater-freshwater interface. An assessment of uncertainties in the estimated data is presented. The kriged and cokriged estimation variances were analyzed to evaluate the adequacy of data employed in the modeling. Although water levels and bedrock elevations are well described by spherical semivariogram models, additional data are required for better cokriging estimation of the interface data. The geostatistically analyzed data were employed in a numerical model of the Siefkes site in the project area. Results indicate that the computed chloride concentrations and ground-water drawdowns reproduced the observed data satisfactorily.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(57)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Ma, T., Sophocleous, M., and Yu, Y., 1999, Geostatistical applications in ground-water modeling in south-central Kansas: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 4, no. 1, p. 57-64, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(57).","startPage":"57","endPage":"64","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229232,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206256,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(57)"}],"volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28b1e4b0c8380cd5a30e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ma, T.-S.","contributorId":67232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"T.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, Y.-S.","contributorId":98892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yu","given":"Y.-S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021989,"text":"70021989 - 1999 - Aerobic mineralization of MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol by stream-bed sediment microorganisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:34:40","indexId":"70021989","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aerobic mineralization of MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol by stream-bed sediment microorganisms","docAbstract":"Microorganisms indigenous to the stream-bed sediments at two gasoline- contaminated groundwater sites demonstrated significant mineralization of the fuel oxygenates, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Up to 73% of [U-14C]-MTBE and 84% of [U-14C]-TBA were degraded to 14CO2 under mixed aerobic/anaerobic conditions. No significant mineralization was observed under strictly anaerobic conditions. The results indicate that, under the mixed aerobic/anaerobic conditions characteristic of stream-bed sediments, microbial processes may provide a significant environmental sink for MTBE and TBA delivered to surface water bodies by contaminated groundwater or by other sources.Microorganisms indigenous to the stream-bed sediments at two gasoline-contaminated groundwater sites demonstrated significant mineralization of the fuel oxygenates, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Up to 73% of [U-14C]-MTBE and 84% of [U-14C]-TBA were degraded to 14CO2 under mixed aerobic/anaerobic conditions. No significant mineralization was observed under strictly anaerobic conditions. The results indicate that, under the mixed aerobic/anaerobic conditions characteristic of stream-bed sediments, microbial processes may provide a significant environmental sink for MTBE and TBA delivered to surface water bodies by contaminated groundwater or by other sources.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es990062t","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Landmeyer, J., and Chapelle, F.H., 1999, Aerobic mineralization of MTBE and tert-butyl alcohol by stream-bed sediment microorganisms: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 11, p. 1877-1879, https://doi.org/10.1021/es990062t.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1877","endPage":"1879","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206212,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es990062t"}],"volume":"33","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e71fe4b0c8380cd47870","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020890,"text":"70020890 - 1999 - Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:31:17","indexId":"70020890","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic","docAbstract":"

The Krusne hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long-term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977-1996) and stream water (1977-1998) in a forested area on the south-eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume-weighted Ca2+ and SO42- concentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume-weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H+. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H+ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and NO3-, were highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die-back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca2+ concentrations occurred after 1995 and may be due to the depletion of Ca2+, which was provided by catchment liming in 1986, 1988 and 1989. Solute flux trends in bulk atmospheric deposition and stream water generally were not significant and the lack of trend is attributed to the large interannual variability in precipitation quantity and runoff, respectively. All solutes except Na+ varied seasonally. The average seasonal concentrations varied between the solutes, but for most solutes were highest in winter and spring and lowest in summer, correlating with the seasonal trend and runoff. For Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42-, the concentration minimum occurs in September and the maximum occurs in February or March, correlating with the seasonal baseflow. These solutes are primarily controlled by the contribution of soil water and groundwater to stream flow. During snowmelt, the meltwater generally causes concentrations to decrease as soil water and groundwater are diluted. For NO3, average minimum concentrations occur in August at the end of the growing season concurrent with the lowest stream flow, and the maximum occurs in February and March with high stream flow during snowmelt. Seasonal stream water NO3- concentration variations are large compared with the long-term decrease.The Krusne hory (Erzgebirge or Ore Mountains) has been heavily affected by high atmospheric pollutant deposition caused by fossil fuel combustion in an adjacent Tertiary coal basin. Long-term routine sampling of bulk precipitation (1977-1996) and stream water (1977-1998) in a forested area on the south-eastern slope of the mountains were used to evaluate trends and patterns in solute concentration and flux with respect to controlling processes. From 1977 to 1996, the annual volume-weighted Ca2+ and SO42- concentrations decreased in bulk precipitation. However, after 1989, when a pronounced and continuous decrease occurred in coal production, annual volume-weighted concentrations decreased for most solutes, except H+. The concentration decreases were marked, with 1996 levels at or below 50% of those in 1989. The lack of a trend in H+ is attributed to similar decreases in both acid anions and neutralizing base cations. Stream water concentrations of most solutes, i.e. H+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and NO3-, were highest at the onset of sampling in 1977, decreased markedly from 1977 to 1983 and decreased more gradually from 1983 to 1998. The spruce forest die-back and removal reduced dry deposition of these solutes by reducing the filtering action, which was provided by the forest canopy. A notable decrease in stream water Ca2+ concentrations occurred after 1995 an

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","publisherLocation":"Chichester, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., Cerny, J., Havel, M., and Krejci, R., 1999, Temporal trends of bulk precipitation and stream water chemistry (1977-1997) in a small forested area, Krusne hory, northern Bohemia, Czech Republic: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 17, p. 2721-2741, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4.","startPage":"2721","endPage":"2741","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":230001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206494,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(19991215)13:17<2721::AID-HYP844>3.0.CO;2-4"}],"volume":"13","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba51fe4b08c986b320813","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cerny, J.","contributorId":97664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cerny","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Havel, M.","contributorId":88903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havel","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krejci, R.","contributorId":89686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejci","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021957,"text":"70021957 - 1999 - Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:53:49","indexId":"70021957","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado","docAbstract":"

Parts of the South Platte River alluvial aquifer in northeastern Colorado are underlain by the Pierre Shale, a marine deposit of Late Cretaceous age that is <1000 m thick. Ground water in the aquifer is contaminated with NO3‐, and the shale contains abundant potential electron donors for denitrification in the forms of organic carbon and sulfide minerals. Nested piezometers were sampled, pore water was squeezed from cores of shale, and an injection test was conducted to determine if denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO3− and to measure denitrification rates in the shale. Measured values of NO3−, N2, NH4+, δ15N[NO3−], δ15N[N2], and δ15N[NH4+] in the alluvial and shale pore water indicated that denitrification in the shale was a sink for alluvial NO3−. Chemical gradients, reaction rate constants, and hydraulic head data indicated that denitrification in the shale was limited by the slow rate of NO3− transport (possibly by diffusion) into the shale. The apparent in situ first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale based on diffusion calculations was of the order of 0.04–0.4 yr−1, whereas the potential rate constant in the shale based on injection tests was of the order of 60 yr−1. Chemical data and mass balance calculations indicate that organic carbon was the primary electron donor for denitrification in the shale during the injection test, and ferrous iron was a minor electron donor in the process. Flux calculations for the conditions encountered at the site indicate that denitrification in the shale could remove only a small fraction of the annual agricultural NO3‐input to the alluvial aquifer. However, the relatively large potential first‐order rate constant for denitrification in the shale indicated that the percentage of NO3− uptake by the shale could be considerably larger in areas where NO3− advection.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1999WR900004","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., Böhlke, J., and Bruce, B.W., 1999, Denitrification in marine shales in northeastern Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 5, p. 1629-1642, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900004.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1629","endPage":"1642","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/1999wr900004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -101.953125,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 41.31082388091818\n ],\n [\n -106.61132812499999,\n 38.41055825094609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe99e4b0c8380cd4ee02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Böhlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":96696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Böhlke","given":"J.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruce, Breton W. bbruce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruce","given":"Breton","email":"bbruce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021956,"text":"70021956 - 1999 - Oxidation and mobilization of selenium by nitrate in irrigation drainage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:49:59","indexId":"70021956","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxidation and mobilization of selenium by nitrate in irrigation drainage","docAbstract":"

Selenium (Se) can be oxidized by nitrate (NO−3) from irrigation on Cretaceous marine shale in western Colorado. Dissolved Se concentrations are positively correlated with dissolved NO−3concentrations in surface water and ground water samples from irrigated areas. Redox conditions dominate in the mobilization of Se in marine shale hydrogeologic settings; dissolved Se concentrations increase with increasing platinum-electrode potentials. Theoretical calculations for the oxidation of Se by NO−3 and oxygen show favorable Gibbs free energies for the oxidation of Se by NO−3, indicating NO−3 can act as an electron acceptor for the oxidation of Se. Laboratory batch experiments were performed by adding Mancos Shale samples to zero-dissolved-oxygen water containing 0, 5, 50, and 100 mg/L NO−3 as N (mg N/L). Samples were incubated in airtight bottles at 25°C for 188 d; samples collected from the batch experiment bottles show increased Se concentrations over time with increased NO−3 concentrations. Pseudo first-order rate constants for NO−3 oxidation of Se ranged from 0.0007 to 0.0048/d for 0 to 100 mg N/L NO−3 concentrations, respectively. Management of N fertilizer applications in Cretaceous shale settings might help to control the oxidation and mobilization of Se and other trace constituents into the environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040019x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Wright, W.G., 1999, Oxidation and mobilization of selenium by nitrate in irrigation drainage: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1182-1187, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1999.00472425002800040019x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1182","endPage":"1187","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7261e4b0c8380cd76a6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, W. G.","contributorId":19582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70021955,"text":"70021955 - 1999 - Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-20T15:26:29","indexId":"70021955","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation","docAbstract":"

Correlation and correlation‐based measures (e.g., the coefficient of determination) have been widely used to evaluate the “goodness‐of‐fit” of hydrologic and hydroclimatic models. These measures are oversensitive to extreme values (outliers) and are insensitive to additive and proportional differences between model predictions and observations. Because of these limitations, correlation‐based measures can indicate that a model is a good predictor, even when it is not. In this paper, useful alternative goodness‐of‐fit or relative error measures (including the coefficient of efficiency and the index of agreement) that overcome many of the limitations of correlation‐based measures are discussed. Modifications to these statistics to aid in interpretation are presented. It is concluded that correlation and correlation‐based measures should not be used to assess the goodness‐of‐fit of a hydrologic or hydroclimatic model and that additional evaluation measures (such as summary statistics and absolute error measures) should supplement model evaluation tools.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/1998WR900018","usgsCitation":"Legates, D.R., and McCabe, G.J., 1999, Evaluating the use of “goodness‐of‐fit” measures in hydrologic and hydroclimatic model validation: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 1, p. 233-241, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998WR900018.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"241","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c01e4b0c8380cd529c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legates, David R.","contributorId":194273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legates","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. Jr.","contributorId":124577,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021942,"text":"70021942 - 1999 - Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the canajoharie creek watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:25:17","indexId":"70021942","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the canajoharie creek watershed","docAbstract":"

Water samples collected during April−November 1997 from tile drains beneath cultivated fields in central New York indicate that two metabolites of the herbicide metolachlor\"\"metolachlor ESA (ethanesulfonic acid) and OA (oxanilic acid)\"\"can persist in agricultural soils for 4 or more years after application and that fine-grained soils favor the transport of metolachlor ESA over metolachlor and metolachlor OA. Concentrations of metolachlor ESA from the tile drains ranged from 3.27 to 23.4 μg/L (200−1800 times higher than those of metolachlor), metolachlor OA concentrations ranged from 1.14 to 13.5 μg/L, and metolachlor concentrations ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.1 μg/L. In the receiving stream, concentrations of metolachlor ESA were always below 0.6 μg/L except during a November storm, when concentrations reached 0.85 μg/L. Concentrations of metolachlor ESA in the stream were 2−45 times higher than those of metolachlor, reflecting the greater relative concentrations of metolachlor in surface water runoff than in tile drain runoff. These results are consistent with findings in other studies that acetanilide herbicide degredates are found in much higher concentrations than parent compounds in both surface water and groundwater.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9811997","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., Wall, G.R., Thurman, E., Eckhardt, D., and Vanhoesen, J., 1999, Metolachlor and its metabolites in tile drain and stream runoff in the canajoharie creek watershed: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 20, p. 3531-3537, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9811997.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"3531","endPage":"3537","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229496,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9811997"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Canajoharie Creek Watershed","volume":"33","issue":"20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5622e4b0c8380cd6d382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wall, G. R.","contributorId":93652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eckhardt, D. A.","contributorId":99591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckhardt","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vanhoesen, J.","contributorId":39964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanhoesen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021912,"text":"70021912 - 1999 - Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T15:04:20","indexId":"70021912","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"

Concentrations of Ag, Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were determined in six sediment cores from San Francisco Bay (SFB) and one sediment core in Tomales Bay (TB), a reference estuary. SFB cores were collected from between the head of the estuary and its mouth (Grizzly Bay, GB; San Pablo Bay, SP; Central Bay, CB; Richardson Bay, RB, respectively) and ranged in length from 150 to 250 cm. Concentrations of Cr, V and Ni are greater than mean crustal content in SFB and TB sediments, and greater than found in many other coastal sediments. However, erosion of ultramafic rock formations in the watershed appears to be the predominant source. Baseline concentrations of other metals were determined from horizons deposited before sediments were influenced by human activities and by comparing concentrations to those in TB. Baseline concentrations of Cu co-varied with Al in the SFB sediments and ranged from 23.7±1.2 μg/g to 41.4±2.4 μg/g. Baseline concentrations of other metals were less variable: Ag, 0.09±0.02 μg/g; Pb, 5.2±0.7 μg/g; Hg, 0.06±0.01 μg/g; Zn, 78±7 μg/g. The earliest anthropogenic influence on metal concentrations appeared as Hg contamination (0.3–0.4 μg/g) in sediments deposited at SP between 1850 and 1880, apparently associated with debris from hydraulic gold mining. Maximum concentrations of Hg within the cores were 20 times baseline. Greater inventories of Hg at SP and GB than at RB verified the importance of mining in the watershed as a source. Enrichment of Ag, Pb, Cu and Zn first appeared after 1910 in the RB core, later than is observed in Europe or eastern North America. Maximum concentrations of Ag and Pb were 5–10 times baseline and Cu and Zn concentrations were less than three times baseline. Large inventories of Pb to the sediments in the GB and SP cores appeared to be the result of the proximity to a large Pb smelter. Inventories of Pb at RB are similar to those typical of atmospheric inputs, although influence from the Pb smelter is also suspected. Concentrations of Hg and Pb have decreased since the 1970s (to 0.30 μg/g and 25 μg/g, respectively) and were similar among all cores in 1990. Early Ag contamination was perhaps a byproduct of the Pb smelting process, but a modern source of Ag is also indicated, especially at RB and CB.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)80083-2","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Hornberger, M.I., Luoma, S., VanGeen, A., Fuller, C., and Anima, R., 1999, Historical trends of metals in the sediments of San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 39-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)80083-2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"55","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 36.56260003738545\n ],\n [\n -120.234375,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 39.40224434029275\n ],\n [\n -123.81591796875,\n 36.56260003738545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31abe4b0c8380cd5e114","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":23574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":86353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C.","contributorId":106640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anima, R.","contributorId":77304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021861,"text":"70021861 - 1999 - Stable lead isotopic analyses of historic and contemporary lead contamination of San Francisco Bay estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T17:55:51","indexId":"70021861","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable lead isotopic analyses of historic and contemporary lead contamination of San Francisco Bay estuary","docAbstract":"

Variations in stable lead isotopic composition (240Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb) in three sediment cores from the San Francisco Bay estuary document temporal changes in sources of lead during the past two centuries. Sediment, with lead from natural geologic sources, and relatively homogeneous lead isotopic compositions are overlain by sediments whose isotopic compositions indicate change in the sources of lead associated with anthropogenic modification of the estuary. The first perturbations of lead isotopic composition in the cores occur in the late 1800s concordant with the beginning of industrialization around the estuary. Large isotopic shifts, toward lower 206Pb/207Pb, occur after the turn of the century in both Richardson and San Pablo Bays. A similar relationship among lead isotopic compositions and lead concentrations in both Bays suggest contamination from the same source (a lead smelter). The uppermost sediments (post 1980) of all cores also have a relatively homogenous lead isotopic composition distinct from pre-anthropogenic and recent aerosol signatures. Lead isotopic compositions of leachates from fourteen surface sediments and five marsh samples from the estuary were also analyzed. These analyses suggest that the lead isotopic signature identified in the upper horizons of the cores is spatially homogeneous among recently deposited sediments throughout the estuary. Current aerosol lead isotopic compositions [Smith, D.R., Niemeyer, S., Flegal, A.R., 1992. Lead sources to California sea otters: industrial inputs circumvent natural lead biodepletion mechanisms. Environmental Research 57, 163-175] are distinct from the isotopic compositions of the surface sediments, suggesting that the major source of lead is cycling of historically contaminated sediments back through the water column. Both the upper core sediments and surface sediments apparently derive their lead predominantly from sources internal to the estuary. These results support the idea that geochemical cycling of lead between sediments and water accounts for persistently elevated lead concentrations in the water column despite 10-fold reduction of external source inputs to San Francisco Bay [Flegal, A.R., Rivera-Duarte, I., Ritson, P.I., Scelfo, G., Smith, G.J., Gordon, M., Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S.A., 1996. Metal contamination in San Francisco Waters: historic perturbations, contemporary concentrations, and future considerations in San Francisco Bay. In: Hollobaugh, J.T. (Ed.), The Ecosystem. AAAS, pp. 173-188].

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00085-1","issn":"03044203","usgsCitation":"Ritson, P., Bouse, R.M., Flegal, A., and Luoma, S.N., 1999, Stable lead isotopic analyses of historic and contemporary lead contamination of San Francisco Bay estuary: Marine Chemistry, v. 64, no. 1-2, p. 71-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00085-1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206285,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(98)00085-1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -121.78344726562499,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -121.78344726562499,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -123.0908203125,\n 37.29153547292737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9688e4b08c986b31b57b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritson, P.I.","contributorId":12224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritson","given":"P.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flegal, A.R.","contributorId":64607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegal","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021856,"text":"70021856 - 1999 - Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to aquatic humic substances: The role of substrate and sorbate properties on partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T09:58:33","indexId":"70021856","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to aquatic humic substances: The role of substrate and sorbate properties on partitioning","docAbstract":"

Two ortho- (2,2‘,5 and 2,2‘,5,6‘) and a non-ortho- (3,3‘,4,4‘) substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were used to study the effects of sorbate structure in binding processes to two lacustrine fulvic acids. Binding constants were determined by solubility enhancement of the solutes by the fulvic acids. The binding of the ortho-trichlorobiphenyl was significantly less than the non-ortho-substituted tetrachlorobiphenyl to both fulvic acids. Surprisingly, the measured ortho-trichlorobiphenyl binding constant to both fulvic acids was approximately the same as the ortho-substituted tetrachlorobiphenyl. The effect of the chlorines in the ortho position inhibits free rotation around the 1,1‘ carbon bond, thereby making the molecule less able to interact effectively with the fulvic acid substrate relative to its non-ortho-substituted congeners. Finally, binding of all three PCBs to the Great Dismal Swamp fulvic acid was significantly higher than for the Pony Lake sample. This observation is attributable to the former substrate's higher degree of aromaticity and polarizability, which can potentially interact more favorably with the PCBs through an increase in van der Waals type interactions.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9808447","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Uhle, M., Chin, Y., Aiken, G., and McKnight, D.M., 1999, Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to aquatic humic substances: The role of substrate and sorbate properties on partitioning: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 16, p. 2715-2718, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9808447.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2715","endPage":"2718","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206241,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9808447"}],"volume":"33","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f135e4b0c8380cd4aacc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Uhle, M.E.","contributorId":65629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhle","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chin, Y.-P.","contributorId":84911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"Y.-P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021800,"text":"70021800 - 1999 - ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:35:46","indexId":"70021800","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States","docAbstract":"

Frequency distributions of daily precipitation in winter and daily stream flow from late winter to early summer, at several hundred sites in the western United States, exhibit strong and systematic responses to the two phases of ENSO. Most of the stream flows considered are driven by snowmelt. The Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is used as the ENSO phase indicator. Both modest (median) and larger (90th percentile) events were considered. In years with negative SOI values (El Nino), days with high daily precipitation and stream flow are more frequent than average over the Southwest and less frequent over the Northwest. During years with positive SOI values (La Nina), a nearly opposite pattern is seen. A more pronounced increase is seen in the number of days exceeding climatological 90th percentile values than in the number exceeding climatological 50th percentile values, for both precipitation and stream flow. Stream flow responses to ENSO extremes are accentuated over precipitation responses. Evidence suggests that the mechanism for this amplification involves ENSO-phase differences in the persistence and duration of wet episodes, affecting the efficiency of the process by which precipitation is converted to runoff. The SOI leads the precipitation events by several months, and hydrologic lags (mostly through snowmelt) dealy the stream flow response by several more months. The combined 6-12 month predictive aspect of this relationship should be of significant benefit in responding to flood (or drought) risk and in improving overall water management in the western states.Frequency distributions of daily precipitation in winter and daily stream flow from late winter to early summer, at several hundred sites in the western United States, exhibit strong and systematic responses to the two phases of ENSO. Most of the stream flows considered are driven by snowmelt. The Southern Oscillation index (SOI) is used as the ENSO phase indicator. Both modest (median) and larger (90th percentile) events were considered. In years with negative SOI values (El Nino), days with high daily precipitation and stream flow are more frequent than average over the Southwest and less frequent over the Northwest. During years with positive SOI values (La Nina), a nearly opposite pattern is seen. A more pronounced increase is seen in the number of days exceeding climatological 90th percentile values than in the number exceeding climatological 50th percentile values, for both precipitation and stream flow. Stream flow responses to ENSO extremes are accentuated over precipitation responses. Evidence suggests that the mechanism for this amplification involves ENSO-phase differences in the persistence and duration of wet episodes, affecting the efficiency of the process by which precipitation is converted to runoff. The SOI leads the precipitation events by several months, and hydrologic lags (mostly through snowmelt) delay the stream flow response by several more months. The combined 6-12-month predictive aspect of this relationship should be of significant benefit in responding to flood (or drought) risk and in improving overall water management in the western states.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Soc","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D., Redmond, K., and Riddle, L., 1999, ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States: Journal of Climate, v. 12, no. 9, p. 2881-2893.","startPage":"2881","endPage":"2893","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229446,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0461e4b0c8380cd50952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, D.R.","contributorId":25961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cayan","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16196,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":391230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Redmond, K.T.","contributorId":12865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redmond","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Riddle, L.G.","contributorId":66439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddle","given":"L.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021794,"text":"70021794 - 1999 - GIXAFS study of Fe3+ sorption and precipitation on natural quartz surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T16:43:41.611101","indexId":"70021794","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2473,"text":"Journal of Synchrotron Radiation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"GIXAFS study of Fe3+ sorption and precipitation on natural quartz surfaces","docAbstract":"

Grazing-incidence EXAFS has been used to characterize the structure of Fe3+ sorbed onto natural single crystal quartz surfaces. Fe3+ sorption at ca. 5% monolayer coverage on a natural crystal allowed to equilibrate in air resulted in formation of hematite nuclei with strong texturing on r-and m-planes. EXAFS calculations suggests that both O and Fe backscattering is necessary to yield acceptable structural models, that about 50% of the sorbed iron resides in nuclei, and that the approximate dimensions of the nuclei can be estimated via Feff 7.0 calculations of various nuclei sizes and shapes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Scripts","doi":"10.1107/s0909049599001764","issn":"09090495","usgsCitation":"Waychunas, G., Davis, J., and Reitmeyer, R., 1999, GIXAFS study of Fe3+ sorption and precipitation on natural quartz surfaces: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, v. 6, no. 3, p. 615-617, https://doi.org/10.1107/s0909049599001764.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"615","endPage":"617","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479496,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1107/s0909049599001764","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a146ce4b0c8380cd54a21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waychunas, G.","contributorId":37098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waychunas","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.","contributorId":41376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reitmeyer, R.","contributorId":87710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reitmeyer","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021784,"text":"70021784 - 1999 - New method for the direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T06:30:08","indexId":"70021784","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New method for the direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters","docAbstract":"

A new method for direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) in acid mine water has been developed. In most present methods, Fe(III) is determined by computing the difference between total dissolved Fe and dissolved Fe(II). For acid mine waters, frequently Fe(II) ≫ Fe(III); thus, accuracy and precision are considerably improved by determining Fe(III) concentration directly. The new method utilizes two selective ligands to stabilize Fe(III) and Fe(II), thereby preventing changes in Fe reduction−oxidation distribution. Complexed Fe(II) is cleanly removed using a silica-based, reversed-phase adsorbent, yielding excellent isolation of the Fe(III) complex. Iron(III) concentration is measured colorimetrically or by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The method requires inexpensive commercial reagents and simple procedures that can be used in the field. Calcium(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Al(III), Zn(II), and Cd(II) cause insignificant colorimetric interferences for most acid mine waters. Waters containing >20 mg of Cu/L could cause a colorimetric interference and should be measured by GFAAS. Cobalt(II) and Cr(III) interfere if their molar ratios to Fe(III) exceed 24 and 5, respectively. Iron(II) interferes when its concentration exceeds the capacity of the complexing ligand (14 mg/L). Because of the GFAAS elemental specificity, only Fe(II) is a potential interferent in the GFAAS technique. The method detection limit is 2 μg/L (40 nM) using GFAAS and 20 μg/L (0.4 μM) by colorimetry.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es980684z","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"To, T., Nordstrom, D.K., Cunningham, K., Ball, J., and McCleskey, R.B., 1999, New method for the direct determination of dissolved Fe(III) concentration in acid mine waters: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 33, no. 5, p. 807-813, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980684z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"813","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206239,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980684z"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1999-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a65e9e4b0c8380cd72c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"To, T.B.","contributorId":91646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"To","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":391170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, K.M.","contributorId":100020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCleskey, R. Blaine 0000-0002-2521-8052 rbmccles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052","contributorId":147399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleskey","given":"R.","email":"rbmccles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":391168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021753,"text":"70021753 - 1999 - Simulating the water balance of the Aral Sea with a coupled regional climate-lake model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-02T16:24:19.700447","indexId":"70021753","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the water balance of the Aral Sea with a coupled regional climate-lake model","docAbstract":"

Before coupled atmosphere-lake models can be used to study the response of large lake systems to climatic forcings, we must first evaluate how well they simulate the water balance and associated lake atmosphere interactions under present-day conditions. We evaluate the hydrology simulated by a lake model coupled to NCAR's regional climate model (RegCM2) in a study of the Aral Sea. The meteorological variables that are input to the lake model are simulated well by RegCM2. Simulated surface air temperatures closely match observed values, except during spring and fall when the simulated temperatures are too cold. The magnitude of precipitation is too high in the region surrounding the Aral Sea during summer and fall. On a yearly basis, RegCM2 produces a reasonable amount of runoff throughout the drainage basin. The lake model coupled to RegCM2 accurately simulates Aral Sea surface temperatures (SSTs). The lake model also simulates observed mid-winter ice fraction well, although the onset of ice growth occurs too late in the year and the ice melts too rapidly in the spring. The simulated annual evaporation from the Aral Sea is consistent with observed estimates; however, the simulated evaporation is greater than observed during summer and less than observed during winter. In a “stand-alone” lake model simulation, the simulated Aral Sea hydrology does not match observations as closely as in the coupled model experiment. These results suggest that a stand-alone lake model would not accurately simulate the hydrologic response of the Aral Sea to various forcings.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98JD02348","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Small, E., Sloan, L., Hostetler, S., and Giorgi, F., 1999, Simulating the water balance of the Aral Sea with a coupled regional climate-lake model: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 104, no. D6, p. 6583-6602, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD02348.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"6583","endPage":"6602","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98jd02348","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"D6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fdee4b08c986b3191b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Small, E.E.","contributorId":56403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Small","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sloan, L.C.","contributorId":83688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostetler, S. 0000-0003-2272-8302","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":30336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":24924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70021751,"text":"70021751 - 1999 - Influence of diameter on particle transport in a fractured shale saprolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70021751","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of diameter on particle transport in a fractured shale saprolite","docAbstract":"Experiments in an undisturbed, saturated column of weathered and fractured shale saprolite using fluorescent carboxylate-coated latex microspheres as tracers indicate that particle diameter plays a major role in controlling transport. In this study the optimum microsphere diameter for transport was approximately 0.5 ??m. Microspheres larger than the optimum size were present in the effluent at lower relative concentrations, apparently because of greater retention due to gravitational settling and/or physical straining. The smaller than optimum microspheres also experienced greater retention, apparently related to their higher rates of diffusion. Faster diffusion can lead to more frequent collisions with, and attachment to, fracture walls and may also lead to movement of particles into zones of relatively immobile pore water in the fractures or in the fine pore structure of the clay-rich matrix between fractures. Dismantling of the soil column and mapping of the distribution of retained microspheres indicated that there was substantial size-segregation of the microspheres between different fractures or in 'channels' within a fracture. Examination of small core samples showed that the smallest microspheres (0.05-0.1 ??m) were present in the fine pores of the matrix at distances of up to 3-4 mm from the nearest fracture, which supports the hypothesis that small particles can be retained by diffusion into the matrix. Calculations of settling velocity and diffusion rate using simple 1D approaches suggest that these processes could both cause significant retention of the larger and smaller particles, respectively, even for the fast advective transport rates (up to 32 m/day) observed during the experiments. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00156-9","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Cumbie, D., and McKay, L., 1999, Influence of diameter on particle transport in a fractured shale saprolite: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 37, no. 1-2, p. 139-157, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00156-9.","startPage":"139","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206252,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00156-9"},{"id":229224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b21e4b0c8380cd62265","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cumbie, D.H.","contributorId":78497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cumbie","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, L.D.","contributorId":10185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":391012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020895,"text":"70020895 - 1999 - Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70020895","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley","docAbstract":"Only about 2.8 million ha of an estimated original 10 million ha of bottomland hardwood forests still exist in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley (LMAV) of the United States. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and state agencies initiated reforestation efforts in the late 1980s to improve wildlife habitat. We surveyed restorationists responsible for reforestation in the LMAV to determine the magnitude of past and future efforts and to identify major limiting factors. Over the past 10 years, 77,698 ha have been reforested by the agencies represented in our survey and an additional 89,009 ha are targeted in the next 5 years. Oaks are the most commonly planted species and bare-root seedlings are the most commonly used planting stock. Problems with seedling availability may increase the diversity of plantings in the future. Reforestation in the LMAV is based upon principles of landscape ecology; however, local problems such as herbivory, drought, and flooding often limit success. Broad-scale hydrologic restoration is needed to fully restore the structural and functional attributes of these systems, but because of drastic and widespread hydrologic alterations and socioeconomic constraints, this goal is generally not realistic. Local hydrologic restoration and creation of specific habitat features needed by some wildlife and fish species warrant attention. More extensive analyses of plantings are needed to evaluate functional success. The Wetland Reserve Program is a positive development, but policies that provide additional financial incentives to landowners for reforestation efforts should be seriously considered.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Restoration Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72029.x","issn":"10612971","usgsCitation":"King, S., and Keeland, B.D., 1999, Evaluation of reforestation in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley: Restoration Ecology, v. 7, no. 4, p. 348-359, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72029.x.","startPage":"348","endPage":"359","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206517,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.1999.72029.x"},{"id":230081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0cb6e4b0c8380cd52c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, S.L.","contributorId":105663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keeland, B. D.","contributorId":45275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeland","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021738,"text":"70021738 - 1999 - DBP formation of aquatic humic substances","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T10:09:37","indexId":"70021738","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2136,"text":"Journal - American Water Works Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"DBP formation of aquatic humic substances","docAbstract":"

Terrestrial vegetation commonly shed into reservoirs contains chemical precursors of DBPs.

Aquatic humic substances (AHSs) in water generate potentially harmful disinfection by‐products (DBPs) such as haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs) during chlorination. AHSs from two Arkansas reservoirs were characterized to define source, identify meta‐dihydroxybenzene (m‐DHB) structures as probable DBP precursors, and evaluate predicted HAA and THM formation potentials. Elemental nitrogen content < 1 percent, phenol content > 0.5 μeq/mg, δ13C values of –27%o, and low yields of syringyl phenols found by cupric oxide (CuO) oxidation suggest a pine tree source for the AHSs found in the Maumelle and Winona reservoirs in Little Rock, Ark. CuO oxidation yielded fewer m‐DHB structures in Maumelle AHSs than in Winona AHSs. A higher 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5‐DHBA) content correlated with increased HAA and THM formation potential. The 3,5‐DHBA concentration in Winona AHSs was similar to the range found in AHSs extracted from deciduous leaf litter, twigs, and grass leachates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08604.x","issn":"0003150X","usgsCitation":"Pomes, M., Green, W.R., Thurman, E., Orem, W., and Lerch, H., 1999, DBP formation of aquatic humic substances: Journal - American Water Works Association, v. 91, no. 2-3, p. 103-115, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1999.tb08604.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"115","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd31e4b0c8380cd4e6bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pomes, M.L.","contributorId":84393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pomes","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, W. R.","contributorId":68354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lerch, H.E.","contributorId":100371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lerch","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021703,"text":"70021703 - 1999 - Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021703","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship","docAbstract":"Plots of solute concentration against discharge have been used to relate stream hydrochemical variations to processes of flow generation, using data collected at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, during the Episodic Response Project of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results suggest that a two-component system of shallow and deep saturated subsurface flow, in which the two components respond simultaneously during hydrologic events, may be applicable to the study basins. Using a large natural sea-salt sodium input as a tracer for precipitation, it is argued that an additional distinction can be made between pre-event and event water travelling along the shallow subsurface flow path. Pre-event water is thought to be displaced by infiltrating event water, which becomes dominant on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Where, as appears to be the case for sulfate, a solute equilibrates rapidly within the soil, the pre-event-event water distinction is unimportant. However, for some solutes there are clear and consistent compositional differences between water from the two sources, evident as a hysteresis loop in concentration-discharge plots. Nitrate and acidity, in particular, appear to be elevated in event water following percolation through the organic horizon. Consequently, the most acidic, high nitrate conditions during an episode generally occur after peak discharge. A simple conceptual model of episode runoff generation is presented on the basis of these results.Plots of solute concentration against discharge have been used to relate stream hydrochemical variations to processes of flow generation, using data collected at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, during the Episodic Response Project of the US Environmental Protection Agency. Results suggest that a two-component system of shallow and deep saturated subsurface flow, in which the two components respond simultaneously during hydrologic events, may be applicable to the study basins. Using a large natural sea-salt sodium input as a tracer for precipitation, it is argued that an additional distinction can be made between pre-event and event water travelling along the shallow subsurface flow path. Pre-event water is thought to be displaced by infiltrating event water, which becomes dominant on the falling limb of the hydrograph. Where, as appears to be the case for sulfate, a solute equilibrates rapidly within the soil, the pre-event - event water distinction is unimportant. However, for some solutes there are clear and consistent compositional differences between water from the two sources, evident as a hysteresis loop in concentration-discharge plots. Nitrate and acidity, in particular, appear to be elevated in event water following percolation through the organic horizon. Consequently, the most acidic, high nitrate conditions during an episode generally occur after peak discharge. A simple conceptual model of episode runoff generation is presented on the basis of these results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199903)13:4<563::AID-HYP711>3.0.CO;2-N","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Evans, C., Davies, T., and Murdoch, P., 1999, Component flow processes at four streams in the Catskill Mountains, New York, analysed using episodic concentration/discharge relationship: Hydrological Processes, v. 13, no. 4, p. 563-575, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199903)13:4<563::AID-HYP711>3.0.CO;2-N.","startPage":"563","endPage":"575","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199903)13:4<563::AID-HYP711>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"id":229439,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f913e4b0c8380cd4d409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, C.","contributorId":33449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, T.D.","contributorId":86513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70021659,"text":"70021659 - 1999 - A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T15:14:28","indexId":"70021659","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins","docAbstract":"A comprehensive reference system for the Earth's river basins is proposed as a support to fiver basin management, global change research, and the pursuit of sustainable development. A natural system for delineation and codification of basins is presented which is based upon topographic control and the topology of the fiver network. These characteristics make the system well suited for implementation and use with digital elevation models (DEMs) and geographic information systems. A demonstration of these traits is made with the 30-arcsecond GTOPO30 DEM for North America. The system has additional appeal owing to its economy of digits and the topological information that they carry. This is illustrated through presentation of comparisons with USGS hydrologic unit codes and demonstration of the use of code numbers to reveal dependence or independence of water use activities within a basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Verdin, K., and Verdin, J., 1999, A topological system for delineation and codification of the Earth's river basins: Journal of Hydrology, v. 218, no. 1-2, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206327,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00011-6"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e600e4b0c8380cd470c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verdin, K.L.","contributorId":66438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Verdin, J. P. 0000-0003-0238-9657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":33033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021651,"text":"70021651 - 1999 - Strategies for ensuring global consistency/comparability of water-quality data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021651","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Strategies for ensuring global consistency/comparability of water-quality data","docAbstract":"In the past 20 years the water quality of the United States has improved remarkably-the waters are safer for drinking, swimming, and fishing. However, despite many accomplishments, it is still difficult to answer such basic questions as: 'How clean is the water?' and 'How is it changing over time?' These same questions exist on a global scale as well. In order to focus water-data issues in the United States, a national Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality (ITFM) was initiated for public and private organizations, whereby key elements involved in data collection, analysis, storage, and management could be made consistent and comparable. The ITFM recommended and its members are implementing a nationwide strategy to improve water-quality monitoring, assessment, and reporting activities. The intent of this paper is to suggest that a voluntary effort be initiated to ensure the comparability and utility of hydrological data on a global basis. Consistent, long-term data sets that are comparable are necessary in order to formulate ideas regarding regional and global trends in water quantity and quality. The author recommends that a voluntary effort similar to the ITFM effort be utilized. The strategy proposed would involve voluntary representation from countries and international organizations (e.g. World Health Organization) involved in drinking-water assessments and/or ambient water-quality monitoring. Voluntary partnerships such as this will improve curability to reduce health risks and achieve a better return on public and private investments in monitoring, environmental protection, and natural resource management, and result in a collaborative process that will save millions of dollars.In this work it is suggested that a voluntary effort be initiated to ensure the comparability and utility of hydrological data on a global basis. The strategy proposed would involve voluntary representation from countries and international organizations involved in drinking-water assessments and/or ambient water-quality monitoring.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","conferenceTitle":"The 2nd International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risks from Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications","conferenceDate":"7 September 1998 through 10 September 1998","conferenceLocation":"Santiago, Chile","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, United States","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Klein, J., 1999, Strategies for ensuring global consistency/comparability of water-quality data, in IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 260, Santiago, Chile, 7 September 1998 through 10 September 1998.","startPage":"175","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"260","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b98b8e4b08c986b31c109","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, J.M.","contributorId":44550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":390607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000843,"text":"1000843 - 1999 - Use of historical and geospatial data to guide the restoration of a Lake Erie coastal marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-04T10:44:24","indexId":"1000843","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1999","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of historical and geospatial data to guide the restoration of a Lake Erie coastal marsh","docAbstract":"

Historical and geospatial data were used to identify the relationships between water levels, wetland vegetation, littoral drift of sediments, and the condition of a protective barrier beach at Metzger Marsh, a coastal wetland in western Lake Erie, to enhance and guide a joint federal and state wetland restoration project. Eleven sets of large-scale aerial photographs dating from 1940 through 1994 were interpreted to delineate major vegetation types and boundaries of the barrier beach. A geographic information system (GIS) was then used to digitize the data and calculate the vegetated area and length of barrier beach. Supplemented by paleoecological and sedimentological analyses, aerial photographic interpretation revealed that Metzger Marsh was once a drowned-river-mouth wetland dominated by sedges and protected by a sand barrier beach. Extremely high water levels, storm events, and reduction of sediments in the littoral drift contributed to the complete destruction of the barrier beach in 1973 and prevented its recovery. The extent of wetland vegetation, correlated to water levels and condition of the barrier beach, decreased from a high of 108 ha in 1940 to a low of 33 ha in 1994. The lack of an adequate sediment supply and low probability of a period of extremely low lake levels in the near future made natural reestablishment of the barrier beach and wetland vegetation unlikely. Therefore, the federal and state managers chose to construct a dike to replace the protective barrier beach. Recommendations stemming from this historical analysis, however, resulted in the incorporation of a water-control structure in the dike that will retain a hydrologic connection between wetland and lake. Management of the wetland will seek to mimic processes natural to the wetland type identified by this analysis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF03161788","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, K., and Wilcox, D.A., 1999, Use of historical and geospatial data to guide the restoration of a Lake Erie coastal marsh: Wetlands, v. 19, no. 4, p. 858-868, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161788.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"858","endPage":"868","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12648/2264","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606ba1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}