Egg size is an important determinant of reproductive investment by birds. For many species, total investment in a clutch is limited by the size of stored reserves (Ankney and MacInnes 1978, Esler and Grand 1994a). Egg size determines the unit by which these stored reserves are partitioned. Individual females in most species of waterfowl show a high repeatability for egg size, implying that individual either cannot, or do not, alter their egg size in response to varying environmental conditions (batt and Prince 1979, Duncan 1987, Laurila and Hario 1988, Lessells et al 1989, Flint and Sedinger 1992). Thus differences in egg size appear to represent different reproductive strategies among individuals.
Fitness can be measured by the number of offspring an individual contributes to a population. Egg size may be related to fitness in some species fo waterfowl as young from larger eggs are better able to survive extreme conditions (Ankney 1980, Thomas and Brown 1988). Birds laying larger clutches are almost always more fit as they fledge more young (Lessells 1986, Rockwell et al 1987, Flint 1993). These fitness patterns create the potential for a trade-off between clutch size and egg size where females laying large clutches of small eggs have the same fitness as females laying smaller clutches of large eggs. The fact that Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) utilize stored reserves (Mann and Sedinger 1993, esler and Grand 1994a) and have a high repeatability for egg size (i.e. egg size is fixed) (Duncan 1987), makes them candidates to engage in clutch size=egg size trade-offs (Rowher 1988, Rowher and Eisenhauer 1989). An inverse relationship between egg size and clutch size would be indicative of a phenotypic trade-off among these fitness components. Our goal in this study was to describe egg size variation in Northern Pintails (hereafter pintails) with regard to female age, body size, clutch size, year, initiation date, and nesting attempt. We compare our results to those from other populations of nesting pintails and discuss whether phenotypic clutch size-egg size tradeoffs exist for pintails.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369519","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J.B., 1996, Variation in egg size of the northern pintail: The Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 162-165, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369519.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479079,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369519","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kashunuk River drainage, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57707e4b057081a24ee8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182067,"text":"70182067 - 1996 - Evidence from cytochrome b sequences and allozymes for a new species of alcid: The long-billed murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:19:06","indexId":"70182067","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from cytochrome b sequences and allozymes for a new species of alcid: The long-billed murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix)","docAbstract":"Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) are coastal seabirds that breed predominantly in old-growth forest throughout the North Pacific. Presently they are classified into two phenotypically distinct subspecies: one in North America (B. m. marmoratus) and one in Asia (B. m. perdix). The Asian form was classified as a separate species in 1811, but was lumped with B. marmoratus during the 20th century. Populations of both types are considered threatened or endangered and information about the extent of genetic differentiation among birds from different sites is required for their conservation. We compared variation in 1,045 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and 39 allozyme loci among Marbled Murrelets and the closely related Kittlitz's Murrelets (B. brevirostris) from throughout the North Pacific. All analyses indicted that North American and Asian Marbled Murrelets are genetically distinct: cytochrome b sequences were highly divergent, fixed allele differences occurred at two allozyme loci, and estimated gene flow was essentially zero. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b sequences and allozymes both provided strong support for a monophyletic relationship among North American Marbled Murrelets and Kittlitz's Murrelets, with Long-billed Murrelets forming the basal lineage. Long-billed and North American Marbled Murrelets clearly represent distinct species by any definition, and must be managed independently. Significant genetic differentiation also was found among both Marbled and Kittlitz's Murrelets from different sites within North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369851","usgsCitation":"Friesen, V.L., Piatt, J.F., and Baker, A.J., 1996, Evidence from cytochrome b sequences and allozymes for a new species of alcid: The long-billed murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix): The Condor, v. 98, no. 4, p. 681-690, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369851.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"690","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369851","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57706e4b057081a24ee80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesen, Vicki L.","contributorId":59407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friesen","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, Allan J.","contributorId":36383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182064,"text":"70182064 - 1996 - Survival of northern pintail ducklings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:09:26","indexId":"70182064","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of northern pintail ducklings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"We studied survival rates of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta; hereafter pintail) broods and ducklings along the lower Kashunuk River on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Survival rates were determined for 770 ducklings in 111 broods. Brood sizes at hatch were smaller in 1993 versus 1991 and 1992. Duckling survival rates were lower than those reported in previous studies and differed among years. Survival rates of ducklings declined with hatching date at a rate of 0.6% per day. Most mortality occurred during the first 10 days after hatch. Duckling survival rates were correlated with reported annual and seasonal variation in nesting success. This covariation probably results in large geographic and annual fluctuations in pintail production on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. Early nesting pintails had better nesting success and duckling survival, which may offset higher nutritional costs of early nesting through higher recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369507","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., and Flint, P.L., 1996, Survival of northern pintail ducklings on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 48-53, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369507.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479080,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369507","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kashunuk River, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57707e4b057081a24ee88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182065,"text":"70182065 - 1996 - Renesting ecology of northern pintails on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:09:03","indexId":"70182065","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Renesting ecology of northern pintails on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"We used radio telemetry to study renesting by wild, free-ranging Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in 1994 and 1995. Fifty-six percent of females (n = 39) renested at least once. Propensity to renest declined among females that initiated later first nests. Renesting interval was not related to female weight, year, or initiation date of first nests. Mean interval between first and second nests was 11.4 ± 1.0 days, and mean interval between second and third nests was 11.3 ± 1.5 days. Median distance observed between first and second nest attempts was 276 m (range 33-6,098 m). Clutch size declined 2.3 ± 0.4 eggs between first and second nests. Weight of females captured on first nests in early incubation declined with nest initiation date. Our results suggest that food availability does not limit renesting ability of pintails in coastal tundra.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369862","usgsCitation":"Grand, J.B., and Flint, P.L., 1996, Renesting ecology of northern pintails on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 4, p. 820-824, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369862.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"820","endPage":"824","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369862","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57706e4b057081a24ee84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182066,"text":"70182066 - 1996 - Nesting success of Northern Pintails on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T16:13:45","indexId":"70182066","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting success of Northern Pintails on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"We studied nesting chronology and success of Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska during the summers of 1991-1993. We found a total of 795 nests during three annual searches of a 27.4 km2 area. Minimum nest density averaged 9.67 nests per km2. Nesting success varied among years and ranged from 43.12% in 1991 to 10.74% in 1993 (average 23.95%). Most nest loss was the result of predation and tidal flooding. Daily nest survival probability declined with nest initiation date in all three years and also varied with nest age in 1992. Clutch size averaged 7.63 ± 0.067 (SE) eggs per nest and was larger than reported for other populations of Northern Pintails. Clutch size declined during the 44-47 day nesting interval at a greater rate than reported for other populations of Northern Pintails. We conclude that sub-arctic and prairie nesting Northern Pintails have similar reproductive potentials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1369508","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., and Grand, J.B., 1996, Nesting success of Northern Pintails on the coastal Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 1, p. 54-60, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369508.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369508","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57706e4b057081a24ee82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182278,"text":"70182278 - 1996 - Physiology of fish in intensive culture systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T13:08:20","indexId":"70182278","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Physiology of fish in intensive culture systems","docAbstract":"Fish culture in hatcheries and other aquacultural facilities is becoming much more intensive all over the world. The success of all kinds of fish rearing depends on the quality of management and this depends, in turn, on understanding the biology of fishes and the aquatic environment in which they live. This book directly addresses the relationship between the aquatic environment and the fishes. An understanding of this by the reader will result in a reduction of disease outbreaks through improved management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer US","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-6011-1","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G., 1996, Physiology of fish in intensive culture systems, 226 p. , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6011-1.","productDescription":"226 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335963,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58aeb142e4b01ccd54f9ee54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary","contributorId":169618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":670347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1002467,"text":"1002467 - 1996 - Denitrification in a South Louisiana wetland forest receiving treated sewage effluent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:50","indexId":"1002467","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3751,"text":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification in a South Louisiana wetland forest receiving treated sewage effluent","docAbstract":"Although denitrification has the potential to reduce nitrate (NO3a??) pollution of surface waters, the quantification of denitrification rates is complex because it requires differentiation from other mechanisms and is highly variable in both space and time. This study first measured potential denitrification rates at a wetland forest site in south Louisiana before receipt of secondary wastewater effluent, and then, following 30 months of effluent application, landscape gradients of dissolved nitrate (NO3a??) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured. A computer model was developed to quantify N transformations. Floodwater NO3a?? and N2O concentrations were higher in the forest receiving effluent than in the adjacent control forest. Denitrification rates of NO3a?? -amended soil cores ranged from 0.03a??0.45 g N ma??2 da??1 with an overall mean of 0.10 g N ma??2 da??1. Effluent N is being applied at a rate of approximately 0.034 g N ma??2 da??1, with approximately 95% disappearing along a 1 km transect. In the treatment forest, floodwater NO3a?? concentrations decreased from 1000 M at the inflow point to 50 M along the 1 km transect. Nitrous oxide concentrations increased from 0.25 M to 1.2 M within the first 100 m, but decreased to 0.1 M over the next 900 m. The initial increase in N2O was presumably a result ofin situ denitrification. Model analyses indicated that denitrification was directly associated with nitrification and was limited by the availability of NO3a?? produced by nitrification. Due to different redox potential optima, coupling of nitrification and denitrification was a function of a balance of environmental conditions that was moderately favorable to both processes. N removal efficiency was largely dependent on the proportion of effluent NH4+ to NO3a?? . When NH4+ /NO3a?? was 1, average N removal efficiency ranged from 95a??100%, but ratios that were >1 reduced average efficiencies to as low as 57%. Actual effluent NH4+ /NO3a?? loading ratios at this site are approximately 0.2 and are consistently <1.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/BF02150540","usgsCitation":"Boustany, R., Crozier, C., Rybczyk, J., and Twilley, R., 1996, Denitrification in a South Louisiana wetland forest receiving treated sewage effluent: Wetlands Ecology and Management, v. 4, no. 4, p. 273-283, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02150540.","productDescription":"p. 273-283","startPage":"273","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02150540","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"6947.000000000000000"}],"volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ec14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boustany, R.G.","contributorId":27003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boustany","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crozier, C.R.","contributorId":37702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crozier","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rybczyk, J.M.","contributorId":41796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybczyk","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twilley, R.R.","contributorId":94647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twilley","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014876,"text":"1014876 - 1996 - Health management: Atlantic salmon restoration effort","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:30","indexId":"1014876","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3791,"text":"Women in Natural Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health management: Atlantic salmon restoration effort","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Women in Natural Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"96-103/PY96/FH","usgsCitation":"Ford, L., 1996, Health management: Atlantic salmon restoration effort: Women in Natural Resources, v. 17, no. 3, p. 27-33.","productDescription":"p. 27-33","startPage":"27","endPage":"33","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ae4b07f02db63c84f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000814,"text":"1000814 - 1996 - The effect of contaminated sediments on fecundity of the brown bullhead in three Lake Erie tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:05:19.346568","indexId":"1000814","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of contaminated sediments on fecundity of the brown bullhead in three Lake Erie tributaries","docAbstract":"Female brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) were collected from three Lake Erie tributaries (Ohio) from 8 to 25 May 1989, to determine the effects of contaminated sediments on reproductive potentials. Fish obtained from the Black and Cuyahoga rivers, which contain sediments with elevated concentrations of metals, PCBs, and PAHs, were compared with fish collected in Mud Brook, a tributary of the Huron River, which was selected as our reference site. Fecundity, egg diameter, fish length and weight, and the presence of external abnormalities were recorded for each fish. Brown bullhead from the contaminated sites were larger then those from the reference site and fecundity was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different in all three river systems. Those from the most polluted river (Cuyahoga River) had the greatest number of eggs per individual female. The high frequency of external abnormalities observed on brown bullhead from the contaminated sites did not appear to have a detrimental influence on fecundity. These results suggest that fecundity of the brown bullhead was not adversely affected in ecosystems altered by the presence of contaminated sediments. Increased fecundity of the brown bullhead from impacted rivers may be the result of reduced competition for an abundant invertebrate food source and limited predation by other fish species whose numbers are largely depleted in these degraded systems.
The science and management of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Rocky Mountains of North America have spawned considerable conflict and controversy. Much of this can be attributed to divergent public values, but the narrow perceptions and incomplete and fragmented problem definitions of those involved have exacerbated an inherently difficult situation. We present a conceptual model that extends the traditional description of the grizzly bear conservation system to include facets of the human domain such as the behavior of managers, elected officials, and the public. The model focuses on human-caused mortality, the key determinant of grizzly bear population growth in this region and the interactions and feedback loops among humans that have a major potential influence on bear mortality. We also briefly evaluate existing information and technical methods relevant to understanding this complex human-biophysical system. We observe not only that the extant knowledge is insufficient for prediction (and in some cases for description), but also that traditional positivistic science alone is not adequate for dealing with the problems of grizzly bear conservation. We recommend changes in science and management that could improve learning and responsiveness among the involved individuals and organizations, clarify some existing uncertainty, and thereby increase the effectiveness of grizzly bear conservation and management. Although adaptive management is a promising approach, we point out some key—as yet unfulfilled—contingencies for implementation of a method such as this one that relies upon social processes and structures that promote open learning and flexibility in all facets of the policy process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041013.x","usgsCitation":"Mattson, D., Herrero, S., Wright, R., and Pease, C.M., 1996, Science and management of Rocky Mountain grizzly bears: Conservation Biology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 1013-1025, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041013.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1013","endPage":"1025","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.10942309597596,\n 35.25171732219319\n ],\n [\n -105.11989198963784,\n 35.806793362578375\n ],\n [\n -104.69050262915277,\n 36.360259842036314\n ],\n [\n -104.98097021974172,\n 36.645561608953514\n ],\n [\n -104.92833329918602,\n 37.13779260179794\n ],\n [\n -104.671706427321,\n 37.37209729595908\n ],\n [\n -104.75589640561537,\n 38.09921616369553\n ],\n [\n -104.95773633382774,\n 38.38245746799868\n ],\n [\n -104.61490214934756,\n 38.64188148895235\n ],\n [\n -104.92927686094069,\n 39.675126419122904\n ],\n [\n -105.15382861605303,\n 40.063710804233494\n ],\n [\n -105.01409170551597,\n 40.78548041424807\n ],\n [\n -105.83165071171805,\n 41.09067593934634\n ],\n [\n -106.03360258316425,\n 41.5900069753923\n ],\n [\n -106.52061667814894,\n 41.83004380669581\n ],\n [\n -106.64387315722215,\n 44.179298763674694\n ],\n [\n -106.82066327161618,\n 44.657948178276655\n ],\n [\n -107.86413480389396,\n 45.40890087001773\n ],\n [\n -108.51326961765557,\n 45.53043524169104\n ],\n [\n -109.1939396885779,\n 45.318645380756294\n ],\n [\n -110.01488616597919,\n 45.6647073642886\n ],\n [\n -109.9761777536435,\n 46.21726424245918\n ],\n [\n -108.91241453296476,\n 46.63482115364974\n ],\n [\n -109.12788471534432,\n 46.929238685700625\n ],\n [\n -110.1316904977374,\n 46.91414350268306\n ],\n [\n -110.12408879537773,\n 47.08571097438778\n ],\n [\n -110.49244452531548,\n 47.294380623423336\n ],\n [\n -111.74817683521894,\n 47.31336846397127\n ],\n [\n -112.12458704533745,\n 47.20640389540526\n ],\n [\n -112.43942484699213,\n 47.47492790351765\n ],\n [\n -112.55616354586638,\n 48.11319052106961\n ],\n [\n -113.11938128646784,\n 48.478590833035724\n ],\n [\n -113.46313281663248,\n 49.00969480151957\n ],\n [\n -119.56214639671907,\n 49.003406293763476\n ],\n [\n -119.55493850260274,\n 48.062803337443654\n ],\n [\n -119.22696888294121,\n 47.753331962719756\n ],\n [\n -118.78006931190674,\n 47.84306590658929\n ],\n [\n -117.04447734453629,\n 47.42473978184802\n ],\n [\n -116.95466879797121,\n 46.76948579078467\n ],\n [\n -117.13615918608917,\n 46.13693906480759\n ],\n [\n -116.85680677073304,\n 45.08931802545803\n ],\n [\n -116.52450513505735,\n 44.484647452998786\n ],\n [\n -116.48859415293026,\n 43.60554346601211\n ],\n [\n -115.57020368115076,\n 42.98863251018557\n ],\n [\n -114.0038209095886,\n 42.00482079171715\n ],\n [\n -113.78971514200958,\n 41.14684395307097\n ],\n [\n -112.65655366160547,\n 39.73019893916029\n ],\n [\n -112.46943490985237,\n 39.04580655092349\n ],\n [\n -113.12903367651825,\n 38.35108118744205\n ],\n [\n -114.0714912223695,\n 37.32328056474698\n ],\n [\n -114.0790005466668,\n 37.019711273623216\n ],\n [\n -111.08867112141724,\n 37.0559082104523\n ],\n [\n -109.52645220009339,\n 37.31965347371114\n ],\n [\n -107.48957919427099,\n 36.867442962026956\n ],\n [\n -107.05957034440775,\n 35.42239239255012\n ],\n [\n -106.09419052820564,\n 35.58547234705084\n ],\n [\n -105.10942309597596,\n 35.25171732219319\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd1ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattson, D.J.","contributorId":57022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herrero, S.","contributorId":14355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herrero","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, R.G.","contributorId":9622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pease, C. M.","contributorId":44507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pease","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1004053,"text":"1004053 - 1996 - Weights, hematology and serum chemistry of seven species of free-ranging tropical pelagic seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-20T16:33:27","indexId":"1004053","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weights, hematology and serum chemistry of seven species of free-ranging tropical pelagic seabirds","docAbstract":"I established reference values for weight, hematology, and serum chemistry for seven species of free-ranging Hawaiian tropical pelagic seabirds comprising three orders (Procellariiformes, Pelecaniformes, Charadriiformes) and six families (Procellariidae, Phaethontidae, Diomedeidae, Sulidae, Fregatidae, and Laridae). Species examined included 84 Hawaiian dark-rumped petrels (Pterodoma phaeopygia), 90 wedge-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus), 151 Laysan albatrosses (Diomedea immutabilis), 69 red-footed boobies (Sula sula), 154 red-tailed tropicbirds (Phaeton rubricauda), 90 great frigatebirds (Fregata minor), and 72 sooty terns (Sterna fuscata). Hematocrit, total plasma solids, total and differential white cell counts, serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine phosphokinase were analyzed. Among and within species, hematology and chemistry values varied with age, sex, season, and island of collection. Despite this variation, order-wide trends were observed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-32.4.643","usgsCitation":"Work, T.M., 1996, Weights, hematology and serum chemistry of seven species of free-ranging tropical pelagic seabirds: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 32, no. 4, p. 643-657, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.4.643.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"643","endPage":"657","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479101,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-32.4.643","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":135724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":315049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1015880,"text":"1015880 - 1996 - Distribution of nearshore macroinvertebrates in lakes of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:42","indexId":"1015880","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":883,"text":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of nearshore macroinvertebrates in lakes of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1949 studies were conducted at Princeton, New Jersey, to determine the effects on wildlife of DDT used in the control of Dutch elm disease. Direct mortality was determined by intensive search for dead birds after spraying. Twenty-six songbirds, one bat, and one gray squirrel were found. Of 11 dead birds from a study area of approximately 20 acres only one was an adult. Songbird populations were determined by censuses before and after spraying on a study area and on a similar unsprayed check area. The number of all breeding birds showed a 19.6 percent decrease on both the study and check areas during the week immediately following spraying. About two weeks after spraying the population in the treated area began to increase and within another week was back to prespray level. When only those species common to both sprayed and unsprayed areas are considered a population decline of 22 percent was measured in the sprayed area while the check area showed a 6 percent increase in numbers over the same period. Nestling mortality was studied in both areas. Among 18 young found on the study area during and following spraying 8 (44%) survived. Death of two broods of catbirds occurred four days after spraying. Of 21 young found on the check area 15 (71%) survived. ","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R.L., Liss, W., Larson, G.L., Deimling, E., and Lomnicky, G., 1996, Distribution of nearshore macroinvertebrates in lakes of the Northern Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, v. 136, no. 3, p. 363-389.","productDescription":"p. 363-389","startPage":"363","endPage":"389","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"136","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d8ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Robert L.","contributorId":52931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liss, W.J.","contributorId":75887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liss","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deimling, E.","contributorId":48522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deimling","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lomnicky, G.A.","contributorId":37697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lomnicky","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1015702,"text":"1015702 - 1996 - Taxonomic structure and productivity of phytoplankton assemblages in Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T14:48:50.042628","indexId":"1015702","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2365,"text":"Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Taxonomic structure and productivity of phytoplankton assemblages in Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"Interactions among physical, chemical, and biological components and processes in Crater Lake result in a complex and dynamic ecosystem. In winter and spring, wind energy mixes the lake to a depth of about 200 m. During this period, episodic sinking of cold water below the depth of 200 m produces an upwelling of nutrient-rich water from the deep lake, a process that has a strong influence on the concentrations of nutrients available to phytoplankton in the euphotic zone. Patterns of upwelling are variable from year to year, and physical data indicate that water from the deep lake is completely mixed with surface water every 1–4 years. Phytoplankton cell biovolume and total chlorophyll are distributed uniformly to the depth of 200 m in winter and spring, at which time maximum rates of primary production occur in the upper 60 m of the water column. The onset of thermal stratification in July is associated with development of a chlorophyll maximum at depths between 100 and 140 m and a downward shift of the primary production maximum to depths between 60 and 100 m. Thermal stratification also is accompanied by a stratified distribution of phytoplankton populations that is characterized by assemblages with low species diversity and high dominance in the epilimnion and assemblages with higher diversity and lower dominance in the metalimnion and upper hypolimnion. Therefore, the thermal properties of the upper 200 m of Crater Lake, and associated changes in light and nutrients with increasing depth, are closely related to structural and functional attributes of phytoplankton assemblages in the water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149609354072","usgsCitation":"McIntire, C.D., Larson, G.L., Truitt, R., and Debacon, M., 1996, Taxonomic structure and productivity of phytoplankton assemblages in Crater Lake, Oregon: Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 259-280, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354072.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"280","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354072","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa330","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Truitt, R.E.","contributorId":23901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Truitt","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Debacon, M.K.","contributorId":83074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Debacon","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014622,"text":"1014622 - 1996 - Pellets versus feces: their relative importance describing the food habits of double-crested cormorants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:35:22.981591","indexId":"1014622","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pellets versus feces: their relative importance describing the food habits of double-crested cormorants","docAbstract":"We compared the amount of taxonomically identifiable (diagnostic) fish remains in double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) feces to that exiting the birds via regurgitated pellets. Feces and pellets were collected concurrently during June 1994 from cormorant colonies on Little Galloo Island, eastern Lake Ontario. About 90% of the diagnostic fish remains were found in pellets and 10% in feces. However, only 4% of the diagnostic remains in the feces represented fish that could not be accounted for in the pellets. Pellets provided better information than feces for determining diet composition. Because of the increased effort to collect and analyze fecal material, and the limited amount of additional information provided, examination of feces in addition to pellets is probably not necessary in most studies of double-crested cormorant feeding ecology.
Originally barren of fish, Crater Lake was stocked with approximately 1.8 million salmonids from 1888 to 1941. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) now inhabit the lake. This study was conducted from 1986 to 1991 to document and compare kokanee salmon and rainbow trout ecology in the lake to better evaluate the ecological implications of the presence of these non-native fish. Kokanee salmon exhibited cyclic patterns in population age structure, condition, abundance, and biomass from 1986 to 1991. One dominant year class of relatively low abundance and high condition was present from 1986 to 1987. Multiple year classes with increasing abundance and decreasing condition were present from 1989 through 1991. Rainbow trout maintained a diverse population structure throughout the study with a trend toward a relative increase of older age classes and larger fish. Vertical and horizontal migrations of kokanee salmon occurred within and between the nearshore and offshore zones of the lake. Rainbow trout were located along the edge of the lake. Kokanee salmon fed primarily offshore on zooplankton and small-bodied insects. Kokanee salmon cropped the Daphnia population and altered the zooplankton community structure during the study period. Rainbow trout fed nearshore on large-bodied vertebrates and invertebrates. Introduced fish in Crater Lake exhibited the potential to impact limnetic and benthic community structure and nutrient flux within and between these communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149609354074","usgsCitation":"Buktenica, M., and Larson, G.L., 1996, Ecology of kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Crater Lake, Oregon: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 298-310, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354074.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"298","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354074","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.16829804181488,\n 42.97875881899185\n ],\n [\n -122.16829804181488,\n 42.902393610475\n ],\n [\n -122.04721032083026,\n 42.902393610475\n ],\n [\n -122.04721032083026,\n 42.97875881899185\n ],\n [\n -122.16829804181488,\n 42.97875881899185\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627a69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015700,"text":"1015700 - 1996 - Temperature, water chemistry, and optical properties of Crater Lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T14:51:43.472279","indexId":"1015700","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2365,"text":"Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature, water chemistry, and optical properties of Crater Lake","docAbstract":"Water temperature, water chemistry, and optical properties of Crater Lake were studied from 1983 to 1991. In winter and spring, wind energy and convection mixed the water column to a depth of 200 to 250 m. The lake was thermally stratified in summer and early fall; however, the epilimnion was only 5 to 20 m thick, and most of the 589 m deep water column was a cold hypolimnion. The lake was slightly basic, with moderate alkalinity and conductivity. The water column was oxygenated, although slight decreases in dissolved oxygen concentration were noticed near the lake bottom in late summer and early fall. Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were low. Orthophosphorus-P concentrations increased slightly with increased lake depth, whereas nitrate-N was below detection limits in the upper 200 m of the water column and then increased with increased lake depth. Secchi disk clarity typically varied from the high-20-m to low-30-m range. The depth of 1 % surface incident light (425–655 nm) in July and August typically ranged between 80 and 100 m. The results also indicated that water temperature, water chemistry, and optical properties of the lake between 1983 and 1991 were consistent with those observed between 1896 and 1982.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07438149609354070","usgsCitation":"Larson, G.L., McIntire, C.D., and Buktenica, M., 1996, Temperature, water chemistry, and optical properties of Crater Lake: Journal of Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 12, no. 2, p. 230-247, https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354070.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"247","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07438149609354070","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":133697,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a02e4b07f02db5f81e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Gary L. gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Gary","email":"gary_l._larson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntire, C. D.","contributorId":35274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntire","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buktenica, M.W.","contributorId":68263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buktenica","given":"M.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000827,"text":"1000827 - 1996 - Geographical distributions of lake trout strains stocked in Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:04:18.342731","indexId":"1000827","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographical distributions of lake trout strains stocked in Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Geographical distributions of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) stocked at seven locations in U.S. waters and at four locations in Canadian waters of Lake Ontario were determined from fish caught with gill nets in September in 17 areas of U.S. waters and at 10 fixed locations in Canadian waters in 1986–95. For fish of a given strain stocked at a given location, geographical distributions were not different for immature males and immature females or for mature males and mature females. The proportion of total catch at the three locations nearest the stocking location was higher for mature fish than for immature fish in all 24 available comparisons (sexes combined) and was greater for fish stocked as yearlings than for those stocked as fingerlings in all eight comparisons. Mature fish were relatively widely dispersed from stocking locations indicating that their tendency to return to stocking locations for spawning was weak, and there was no appreciable difference in this tendency among strains. Mature lake trout were uniformly distributed among sampling locations, and the strain composition at stocking locations generally reflected the stocking history 5 to 6 years earlier. Few lake trout moved across Lake Ontario between the north and south shores or between the eastern outlet basin and the main lake basin. Limited dispersal from stocking sites supports the concept of stocking different genetic strains in various parts of the lake with the attributes of each strain selected to match environmental conditions in the portion of the lake where it is stocked.
Morphological characteristics and biomass allocation of two perennial grasses, Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve ssp. spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass) and Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schult. (crested wheatgrass), were compared under different competition and nutrient treatments. The competitive responses of two plants grown in containers under field conditions were assessed in monocultures and mixtures in two experiments using different scales of nutrient application. In the Small-Scale Experiment, a localized fertilization was applied in the rooting zone between two plants; in the Large-Scale Experiment the entire container was supplied with nutrients. Agropyron responded more vigorously to fertilization than did Pseudoroegneria, but based on the relative performance of Agropyron in monoculture and mixture, it was not superior to Pseudoroegneria in resource competition. Pseudoroegneria was apparently able to recognize neighboring plants as either conspecifics or individuals of the other species. The responses included changes in shoot architecture, root morphology, and allocation between roots and shoots. Agropyron generally did not exhibit such morphological flexibility. In field plot plantings of 4-yr-old tussocks similar shoot differences were seen in Pseudoroegneria. There was, however, no indication of superior resource competition for Agropyron. Thus, any early advantage of Agropyron in vigorous growth of young plants in response to nutrients was apparently lost by the time the plants had reached this stage of development. Morphological and allocation flexibility of Pseudoroegneria may have compensated for slower, less vigorous growth. If species-specific recognition and morphological plasticity are common in nature, this complicates our attempts to understand mechanisms of competition.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12785.x","usgsCitation":"Huber-Sannwald, E., Pyke, D.A., and Caldwell, M.M., 1996, Morphological plasticity following species-specific recognition and competition in two perennial grasses: American Journal of Botany, v. 83, no. 7, p. 919-931, https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12785.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"931","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133250,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b03e4b07f02db698db5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber-Sannwald, Elisabeth","contributorId":88700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huber-Sannwald","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pyke, David A. 0000-0002-4578-8335 david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","contributorId":3118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyke","given":"David","email":"david_a_pyke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Caldwell, M. M.","contributorId":86296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1015645,"text":"1015645 - 1996 - [Book review] A natural history of amphibians, by Robert C. Stebbins and Nathan W. Cohen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T15:46:04","indexId":"1015645","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2986,"text":"Pacific Discovery","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] A natural history of amphibians, by Robert C. Stebbins and Nathan W. Cohen","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pacific Discovery","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Academy of Sciences","usgsCitation":"Jennings, M., 1996, [Book review] A natural history of amphibians, by Robert C. Stebbins and Nathan W. Cohen: Pacific Discovery, v. 49, no. 4, p. 50-51.","productDescription":"p. 50-51","startPage":"50","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132802,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60419f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018060,"text":"70018060 - 1996 - Applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in environmental radiochemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70018060","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3465,"text":"Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in environmental radiochemistry","docAbstract":"The state of the art in ICP-MS is now such that there are few discernible differences between radiochemical and mass spectrometric determinations of longlived radionuclides. Indeed, ICP-MS may provide better (more sensitive) data for many radionuclides, depending upon how one wishes to define \"long-lived.\" In lowlevel determinations, sample preparation remains an important part of the analytical procedure, even with ICP-MS, but the speed and isotopic selectivity of the mass spectrometer appear to offer distinct procedural advantages over radiochemical techniques. Therefore, \"radioanalytical\" ICP-MS applications should continue to grow, especially in the area of radiation protection, but further research (on efficient sample introduction, for example) and method development may be required to get ICP-MS \"off the ground\" in the geochemical research areas that have traditionally been supported by radiochemistry.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spectroscopy","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08876703","usgsCitation":"Grain, J., 1996, Applications of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in environmental radiochemistry: Spectroscopy, v. 11, no. 2, p. 30-39.","startPage":"30","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc8e4b0c8380cd494a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grain, J.S.","contributorId":57226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grain","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018084,"text":"70018084 - 1996 - Multiport well design for sampling of ground water at closely spaced vertical intervals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T09:39:59","indexId":"70018084","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiport well design for sampling of ground water at closely spaced vertical intervals","docAbstract":"Detailed vertical sampling is useful in aquifers where vertical mixing is limited and steep vertical gradients in chemical concentrations are expected. Samples can be collected at closely spaced vertical intervals from nested wells with short screened intervals. However, this approach may not be appropriate in all situations. An easy-to-construct and easy-to-install multiport sampling well to collect ground-water samples from closely spaced vertical intervals was developed and tested. The multiport sampling well was designed to sample ground water from surficial sand-and-gravel aquifers. The device consists of multiple stainless-steel tubes within a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) protective casing. The tubes protrude through the wall of the PVC casing at the desired sampling depths. A peristaltic pump is used to collect ground-water samples from the sampling ports. The difference in hydraulic head between any two sampling ports can be measured with a vacuum pump and a modified manometer. The usefulness and versatility of this multiport well design was demonstrated at an agricultural research site near Princeton, Minnesota where sampling ports were installed to a maximum depth of about 12 m below land surface. Tracer experiments were conducted using potassium bromide to document the degree to which short-circuiting occurred between sampling ports. Samples were successfully collected for analysis of major cations and anions, nutrients, selected herbicides, isotopes, dissolved gases, and chlorofluorcarbon concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02176.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., and Landon, M., 1996, Multiport well design for sampling of ground water at closely spaced vertical intervals: Ground Water, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1098-1104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02176.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1098","endPage":"1104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.50923415869288\n ],\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 45.630365250117606\n ],\n [\n -93.47785949707031,\n 45.50923415869288\n ],\n [\n -93.69415283203125,\n 45.50923415869288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6093e4b0c8380cd71557","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016342,"text":"1016342 - 1996 - Effects of silvicultultural modifications of temperate rainforest on breeding and wintering bird communities, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T15:18:49.733645","indexId":"1016342","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of silvicultultural modifications of temperate rainforest on breeding and wintering bird communities, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"We inventoried breeding and wintering bird communities in four treatments\r\nof temperate rainforest on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska during 1991-1992 and\r\n1992-1993. The four forest treatments sampled included: (1) young growth (20 years) originating\r\nfrom clearcut logging with no silvicultural modification (non-modified), (2) young\r\ngrowth (20 years) precommercially thinned along uniformly-spaced thinning grids (thinned),\r\n(3) young growth (20 years) with gaps in the overstory canopy created by felling trees in\r\n0.05-ha openings (gapped), and (4) virgin old growth (2 150 years). Of 16 common breeding\r\nbird species observed, six showed significant responses to young-growth modifications. One\r\nspecies was more abundant and two species were less abundant in thinned sites, while one\r\nspecies was more abundant and two species were less abundant in gapped sites than at least\r\none of the other treatments. None of the three common wintering species of birds observed\r\nwas influenced by young-growth modification. Breeding bird communities, in general, were\r\nless similar between young- and old-growth treatments than among young-growth treatments.\r\nThree of the 16 common breeding bird species were more abundant in old growth\r\nthan each of the young-growth treatments and one uncommon species was detected almost\r\nexclusivelyi n old growth duringb oth the breedinga nd wintering seasonsF. our other breeding\r\nbird species were more abundant in young-growth treatments than in old growth. Higher\r\nuse of old growth by wintering birds was related to winter severity. To enhance habitat for\r\nwintering and breeding birds we recommend: (1) thinning young growth along variablespaced\r\ngrids to create additional canopy layers and improve snow-intercept properties of\r\nyoung growth for canopy-foraging birds, (2) retention of old-growth clumps in clearcuts for\r\nbird species associated with old-growth structure, and (3) long-term conservation of oldgrowth\r\ntemperate rainforest for breeding and wintering birds positively associated with old\r\ngrowth.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369853","usgsCitation":"Dellasala, D.A., Hagar, J.C., Engel, K.A., McComb, W., Fairbanks, R.L., and Campbell, E.G., 1996, Effects of silvicultultural modifications of temperate rainforest on breeding and wintering bird communities, Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska: The Condor, v. 98, no. 4, p. 706-721, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369853.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"721","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480164,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1369853","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134184,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db610ea9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dellasala, Dominick A.","contributorId":56190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dellasala","given":"Dominick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagar, Joan C. 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":57034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":324037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Engel, Kathleen A.","contributorId":55792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McComb, W.C.","contributorId":78699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McComb","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fairbanks, Randal L.","contributorId":19129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fairbanks","given":"Randal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, Ellen G.","contributorId":66221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018169,"text":"70018169 - 1996 - Recharge of valley-fill aquifers in the glaciated northeast from upland runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T17:03:53.68768","indexId":"70018169","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":620,"text":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recharge of valley-fill aquifers in the glaciated northeast from upland runoff","docAbstract":"Channeled and unchanneled runoff from till-covered bedrock uplands is a major source of recharge to valley-fill aquifers in the glaciated northeastern United States. Streamflow measurements and model simulation of average steady-state conditions indicate that upland runoff accounted for more recharge to two valley-fill aquifers in moderately high topographic-relief settings than did direct infiltration of precipitation. Recharge from upland runoff to a modeled valley-fill aquifer in an area of lower relief was significant but less than that from direct infiltration of precipitation. The amount of upland runoff available for recharging valley-fill aquifers in the glaciated Northeast ranges from about 1.5 to 2.5 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area that borders the aquifer. Stream losses from tributaries that drain the uplands commonly range from 0.3 to 1.5 cubic feet per second per 1,000 feet of wetted channel where the tributaries cross alluvial fans in the main valleys. Recharge of valley-fill aquifers from channeled runoff was estimated from measured losses and average runoff rates and was represented in aquifer models as specified fluxes or simulated by head-dependent fluxes with streamflow routing in the model cells that represent the tributary streams. Unchanneled upland runoff, which includes overland and subsurface flow, recharges the valley-fill aquifers at the contact between the aquifer and uplands near the base of the bordering till-covered hillslopes. Recharge from unchanneled runoff was estimated from average runoff rates and the hillslope area that borders the aquifer and was represented as specified fluxes to model-boundary cells along the valley walls.","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","doi":"10.1520/STP38381S","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., and Morrissey, D.J., 1996, Recharge of valley-fill aquifers in the glaciated northeast from upland runoff: ASTM Special Technical Publication, v. 1288, p. 97-113, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP38381S.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"113","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1288","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9666e4b0c8380cd81f87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.H.","contributorId":29482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrissey, D. J.","contributorId":51305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018567,"text":"70018567 - 1996 - Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T15:41:45.086613","indexId":"70018567","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":889,"text":"Archives of Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium","docAbstract":"A new, phylogenetically distinct, dissimilatory, Fe(III)-reducing bacterium was isolated from surface sediment of a hydrocarbon-contaminated ditch. The isolate, designated strain PAL-1, was an obligately anaerobic, non-fermentative, motile, gram-negative vibrio. PAL-1 grew in a defined medium with acetate as electron donor and ferric pyrophosphate, ferric oxyhydroxide, ferric citrate, Co(III)-EDTA, or elemental sulfur as sole electron acceptor. PAL-1 also used proline, hydrogen, lactate, propionate, succinate, fumarate, pyruvate, or yeast extract as electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. It is the first bacterium known to couple the oxidation of an amino acid to Fe(III) reduction. PAl-1 did not reduce oxygen, Mn(IV), U(VI), Cr(VI), nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate with acetate as the electron donor. Cell suspensions of PAL-1 exhibited dithionite-reduced minus air-oxidized difference spectra that were characteristic of c-type cytochromes. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of PAL-1 showed that the strain is not related to any of the described metal-reducing bacteria in the Proteobacteria and, together with Flexistipes sinusarabici, forms a separate line of descent within the Bacteria. Phenotypically and phylogenetically, strain PAl-1 differs from all other described bacteria, and represents the type strain of a new genus and species, Geovibrio ferrireducens.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002030050340","usgsCitation":"Caccavo, F., Coates, J.D., Rossello-Mora, R.A., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H., Lovley, D.R., and McInerney, M.K., 1996, Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium: Archives of Microbiology, v. 165, no. 6, p. 370-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002030050340.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/14267","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28e0e4b0c8380cd5a4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caccavo, F. Jr.","contributorId":15351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caccavo","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, John D.","contributorId":107667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossello-Mora, R. A.","contributorId":45065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossello-Mora","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwig, W.","contributorId":81263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schleifer, K. H.","contributorId":106660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleifer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McInerney, Michael K.","contributorId":196370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInerney","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}