{"pageNumber":"3784","pageRowStart":"94575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":70182196,"text":"70182196 - 1996 - A bayesian approach to classification criteria for spectacled eiders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T11:17:05","indexId":"70182196","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A bayesian approach to classification criteria for spectacled eiders","docAbstract":"

To facilitate decisions to classify species according to risk of extinction, we used Bayesian methods to analyze trend data for the Spectacled Eider, an arctic sea duck. Trend data from three independent surveys of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta were analyzed individually and in combination to yield posterior distributions for population growth rates. We used classification criteria developed by the recovery team for Spectacled Eiders that seek to equalize errors of under- or overprotecting the species. We conducted both a Bayesian decision analysis and a frequentist (classical statistical inference) decision analysis. Bayesian decision analyses are computationally easier, yield basically the same results, and yield results that are easier to explain to nonscientists. With the exception of the aerial survey analysis of the 10 most recent years, both Bayesian and frequentist methods indicated that an endangered classification is warranted. The discrepancy between surveys warrants further research. Although the trend data are abundance indices, we used a preliminary estimate of absolute abundance to demonstrate how to calculate extinction distributions using the joint probability distributions for population growth rate and variance in growth rate generated by the Bayesian analysis. Recent apparent increases in abundance highlight the need for models that apply to declining and then recovering species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2269592","usgsCitation":"Taylor, B., Wade, P., Stehn, R., and Cochrane, J., 1996, A bayesian approach to classification criteria for spectacled eiders: Ecological Applications, v. 6, no. 4, p. 1077-1089, https://doi.org/10.2307/2269592.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1077","endPage":"1089","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335852,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e33e4b0ce4410e7d61e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, B .L.","contributorId":181914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"B .L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wade, P.R.","contributorId":71761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehn, R.A.","contributorId":107642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehn","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochrane, J.F.","contributorId":53728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":669947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182756,"text":"70182756 - 1996 - Maximum likelihood estimation for the double-count method with independent observers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T15:49:03.632748","indexId":"70182756","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Maximum likelihood estimation for the double-count method with independent observers","docAbstract":"

Data collected under a double-count protocol during line transect surveys were analyzed using new maximum likelihood methods combined with Akaike's information criterion to provide estimates of the abundance of polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps) in a pilot study off the coast of Alaska. Visibility biases were corrected by modeling the detection probabilities using logistic regression functions. Independent variables that influenced the detection probabilities included perpendicular distance of bear groups from the flight line and the number of individuals in the groups. A series of models were considered which vary from (1) the simplest, where the probability of detection was the same for both observers and was not affected by either distance from the flight line or group size, to (2) models where probability of detection is different for the two observers and depends on both distance from the transect and group size. Estimation procedures are developed for the case when additional variables may affect detection probabilities. The methods are illustrated using data from the pilot polar bear survey and some recommendations are given for design of a survey over the larger Chukchi Sea between Russia and the United States.

","language":"English","publisher":"The International Biometric Society","doi":"10.2307/1400364","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., McDonald, L.L., and Garner, G.W., 1996, Maximum likelihood estimation for the double-count method with independent observers: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 1, no. 2, p. 170-189, https://doi.org/10.2307/1400364.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"189","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336314,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 69.70286804851057\n ],\n [\n -144.51416015625,\n 69.70286804851057\n ],\n [\n -144.51416015625,\n 72.8095809269161\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 72.8095809269161\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 69.70286804851057\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a44e4b01ccd54ff3fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Lyman L.","contributorId":14939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Lyman","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000760,"text":"1000760 - 1996 - Zebra mussel effects on benthic invertebrates: physical or biotic?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T13:34:58","indexId":"1000760","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussel effects on benthic invertebrates: physical or biotic?","docAbstract":"

In soft sediments, Dreissena spp. create firm substrate in the form of aggregates of living mussels (druses) that roll free on the sediments. Druses provide physical structure which increases habitat heterogeneity, and the mussels increase benthic organic matter through the production of pseudofeces and feces. Descriptive and experimental studies were used to determine: 1) whether the density of benthic invertebrates in soft sediments increased in the presence of druses, and 2) whether the invertebrate assemblage responded to the physical structure provided by a druse or to some biotic effect associated with the presence of living mussels. In core samples collected biweekly during summer in Presque Isle Bay, Erie, Pennsylvania, amphipods, chironomids, oligochaetes, turbellarians, and hydrozoans were significantly more abundant in sand with druses than in bare sand. When mesh bags containing either a living druse, non-living druse, or no druse were incubated in the bay for 33 d, we found that chironomids were significantly more abundant in treatments with living druses than with non-living druses, and in treatments with non-living druses than with no druse; turbellarians, amphipods, and hydrozoans were significantly more abundant in treatments with living or non-living druses than with no druse; oligochaetes showed no significant differences among treatments. This study demonstrates that most taxa of benthic invertebrates in soft substrate respond specifically to the physical structure associated with aggregates of mussel shells, but further study is needed to examine chironomid responses to some biotic effect dependent on the presence of living mussels.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467947","usgsCitation":"Botts, P.S., Patterson, B.A., and Schloesser, D.W., 1996, Zebra mussel effects on benthic invertebrates: physical or biotic?: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 15, no. 2, p. 179-184, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467947.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e482be4b07f02db4e7ede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Botts, P. Silver","contributorId":85138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botts","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"Silver","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patterson, Benjamin A.","contributorId":59405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019067,"text":"70019067 - 1996 - A migratory mantle plume on Venus: Implications for Earth?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-12T10:37:09","indexId":"70019067","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A migratory mantle plume on Venus: Implications for Earth?","docAbstract":"A spatially fixed or at least internally rigid hotspot reference frame has been assumed for determining relative plate motions on Earth. Recent 1:5,000,000 scale mapping of Venus, a planet without terrestrial-style plate tectonics and ocean cover, reveals a systematic age and dimensional progression of corona-like arachnoids occurring in an uncinate chain. The nonrandom associations between arachnoids indicate they likely formed from a deep-seated mantle plume in a manner similar to terrestrial hotspot features. However, absence of expected convergent \"plate\" margin deformation suggests that the arachnoids are the surface expression of a migratory mantle plume beneath a stationary surface. If mantle plumes are not stationary on Venus, what if any are the implications for Earth?","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/96JB00883","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.G., and Kirk, R.L., 1996, A migratory mantle plume on Venus: Implications for Earth?: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B7, p. 15953-15967, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00883.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15953","endPage":"15967","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Venus","volume":"101","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e463e4b0c8380cd46622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, Mary G.","contributorId":69055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014733,"text":"1014733 - 1996 - Amelioration of surface waters affected by acidic deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T14:50:30.413136","indexId":"1014733","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Amelioration of surface waters affected by acidic deposition","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00173.x","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, R., 1996, Amelioration of surface waters affected by acidic deposition: Restoration Ecology, v. 4, no. 3, p. 203-205, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.1996.tb00173.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"205","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db68691b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, R.K.","contributorId":92988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019420,"text":"70019420 - 1996 - Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:33:09","indexId":"70019420","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow","docAbstract":"

The principle that atmospherically derived chloride is a conservative tracer in many watersheds can be used to calculate average annual evapotranspiration or effective moisture if estimates are available for (1) the average annual chloride input to the watershed, (2) the average annual precipitation, and (3) the baseflow chloride concentration are known. The method assumes that no long-term storage of chloride occurs and there is no lithologic source of chloride, or that such source releases only insignificant amounts to groundwater compared to the atmospheric source. National Atmospheric Deposition Program estimates of chloride wet deposition, watershed precipitation records or hyetal map estimates of precipitation input to watersheds, and a single sample of chloride concentration in base flow were used to calculate evapotranspiration for diverse Rocky Mountain watersheds. This estimate was compared to evapotranspiration determined by subtracting mean discharge from precipitation. Of the 19 watersheds used to test the method, 13 agreed within 10%, 2 appear to have not met the lithology criterion, 1 appears to have not met the flow criterion, and 1 neither criterion. The method's greatest strength is the minimal data requirements and its greatest weakness is that for some watersheds it may be difficult to obtain reliable estimates of precipitation and chloride deposition. If reliable discharge data are available, the method may be used to estimate watershed-average precipitation; this is especially useful in high-altitude mountain watersheds where little or no precipitation data are available.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR03111","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H.C., and Halm, D.R., 1996, Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 363-372, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03111.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0adfe4b0c8380cd52490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, Hans C.","contributorId":25165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014720,"text":"1014720 - 1996 - Use of non-lethal procedures to detect and monitor Aeromonas salmonicida in potentially endangered or threatened populations of migrating and post-Spawning salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T13:22:58.788553","indexId":"1014720","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of non-lethal procedures to detect and monitor Aeromonas salmonicida in potentially endangered or threatened populations of migrating and post-Spawning salmon","docAbstract":"

Non-lethal assay of mucus was assessed for detection of Aeromonas salmonicida among feral populations of salmon returning to the Salmon River (Altmar, NY, USA). A. salmonicida was isolated from returns of 2 year classes of coho Oncorhynchus kisutch and chinook O. tshawytscha salmon. Data suggested that non-lethal assay of mucus was comparable to standard lethal procedures used to detect and isolate A. salmonicida from kidney tissues. Non-lethal procedures were also used to detect A. salmonicida and monitor the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for the control of furunculosis among valuable Atlantic salmon Salmo salar broodstock maintained at the Richard Cronin National Salmon Station (Sunderland, MA, USA).

","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/dao027233","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Ford, L., Teska, J., Schachte, J.H., Petrie, C., Novak, B., and Flint, D., 1996, Use of non-lethal procedures to detect and monitor Aeromonas salmonicida in potentially endangered or threatened populations of migrating and post-Spawning salmon: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 27, no. 3, p. 233-236, https://doi.org/10.3354/dao027233.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479051,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/dao027233","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":128999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6044f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teska, J.D.","contributorId":15961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teska","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schachte, J. H.","contributorId":27399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schachte","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Petrie, C.","contributorId":62960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrie","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Novak, B.M.","contributorId":6400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novak","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flint, D.E.","contributorId":6401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1014704,"text":"1014704 - 1996 - Behavioral changes associated with suboptimal prey densities for larval American shad","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-16T16:46:18.989816","indexId":"1014704","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1471,"text":"Ecology of Freshwater Fish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral changes associated with suboptimal prey densities for larval American shad","docAbstract":"

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of suboptimal prey density and length of prey-deprivation period on swimming, feeding, and social behavior in larval American shad. Alosa sapidissima. Replicated prey-density treatments of 1,000, 500, and 0 Artemia nauplii/liter and deprivation periods of 0,2, and 4 days were established for an 8-day period. The duration or frequency of 11 behavior patterns was quantified with an event recorder during the experiment. Exposure to suboptimal prey densities affected three categories of larval behavior: swimming activities (pivot and dart), interaction with other larvae (escape or avoid), and stereotypical feeding responses (sigmoid and lunge). Location of a food patch, simulated by the sudden introduction of prey to aquaria, affected the frequency of feeding responses more than other categories of behavior. The patch model was supported as a foraging strategy in larvae. The ontogeny of prey deprivation was evidenced primarily by changes in swimming activity (reduced pivot and dart frequencies), though feeding responses (particularly fixate) were also diminished. Deprivation-induced loss of pivot and fixate was an irreversible, pathological effect of starvation. Deprivation also resulted in greater vertical orientation (head up, 42°) of larvae than non-deprived larvae (21–29°). These changes in behavior may result in less effective escape from predators, location of food patches, or pursuit and capture of prey items in riverine habitats.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1600-0633.1996.tb00129.x","usgsCitation":"Ross, R.M., Johnson, J.H., Bennett, R.M., and Dropkin, D.S., 1996, Behavioral changes associated with suboptimal prey densities for larval American shad: Ecology of Freshwater Fish, v. 5, no. 4, p. 163-168, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.1996.tb00129.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"168","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131344,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62bb10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ross, R. M.","contributorId":39311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, R. M.","contributorId":97852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014723,"text":"1014723 - 1996 - Effects of dietary lipid on the hematology of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-04T16:33:41.785226","indexId":"1014723","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of dietary lipid on the hematology of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","title":"Effects of dietary lipid on the hematology of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus","docAbstract":"

Juvenile channel catfish were fed diets containing either soybean oil, menhaden oil, beef tallow, or a combination of these three lipid sources. After 90 days, total erythrocyte, leucocyte, and thrombocyte counts, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, plasma recalcification time, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, total serum iron, and iron-binding capacity were measured. Total erythrocyte counts, leucocyte counts, and mean corpuscular volume were not significantly different (P < 0.05) among dietary groups. However, fish fed the menhaden oil diet had significantly lower (P < 0.05) hematocrits, higher thrombocyte counts, and higher serum iron concentrations. They also had the highest concentration of n − 3 fatty acids in the pronephros tissue and their erythrocytes were the least susceptible to osmotic lysis. Catfish fed the beef tallow diet had the lowest level of n − 3 fatty acids in pronephros tissue and their erythrocytes were the most susceptible to osmotic lysis. Results suggest that dietary lipids affect several hematological factors of cultured channel catfish.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01410-X","usgsCitation":"Klinger, R., Blazer, V., and Echevarria, C., 1996, Effects of dietary lipid on the hematology of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: Aquaculture, v. 147, no. 3-4, p. 225-233, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01410-X.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klinger, R.C.","contributorId":98255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klinger","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":321028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Echevarria, Carlos","contributorId":192708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Echevarria","given":"Carlos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1016166,"text":"1016166 - 1996 - Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T15:22:11","indexId":"1016166","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5103,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","printIssn":"0197-9922","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"

Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) are associated with lower elevation, commercially valuable, late-successional coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest. Meta-analyses of demographic parameters indicate that Northern Spotted Owl populations are declining throughout their range (Anderson and Burnham 1992, Burnham et al. this volume). Recent research has attempted to determine whether management activities have affected the viability of Spotted Owl populations, and results have led to development of conservation plans for the species (Dawson et al. 1987, Thomas et al. 1990, Murphy and Noon 1992, USDI 1992, Thomas et al. 1993b).

In the Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl (USDI 1992b) threats to the species were identified as small population sizes, declining populations, limited amounts of habitat, continued loss and fragmentation of habitat, geographically isolated populations, and predation and competition from other avian species. Weather and fire are natural processes that also may affect reproductive success of Spotted Owls. Weather may be a factor in the high annual variability in fecundity of Spotted Owls, as has been suggested for other predatory bird species (Newton, 1979, 1986). However, these factors have not been addressed in previous studies of Spotted Owls.

Our objectives were to estimate survival, fecundity, and annual rates of population change (l) for resident, territorial female Spotted Owls at two study areas in the coastal mountains of southwestern Oregon. We tested if the amount of rainfall was correlated with reproduction of Spotted Owls. While surveying for Spotted Owls, we documented the increased presence of Barred Owls (Strix varia), a potential competitor of Spotted Owls.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Demography of the Northern Spotted Owl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"December, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","isbn":"0935868836 ","usgsCitation":"Zabel, C.J., and Salmons, S.E., 1996, Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon, chap. of Demography of the Northern Spotted Owl: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 17, p. 77-82.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/82"},{"id":333482,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/zabel/zabel4.PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ece4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659116,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659117,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raphael, Martin G.","contributorId":31322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raphael","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659118,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659119,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Zabel, Cynthia J.","contributorId":73552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salmons, Susan E.","contributorId":47747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmons","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014539,"text":"1014539 - 1996 - Linkages between chemical contaminants and tumors benthic Great Lakes fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:38:30.61734","indexId":"1014539","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkages between chemical contaminants and tumors benthic Great Lakes fish","docAbstract":"

Cutaneous papilloma have been observed at high prevalences in populations of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) distributed throughout the Great Lakes, with no clear-cut delineation between prevalences in fish populations from industrialized sites in comparison to more pristine sites. However, bullhead papilloma prevalences greater than 20% were never observed at pristine reference sites, while high prevalences of sucker papilloma (> 20%) were only observed in populations from the lower Great Lakes. It is probable that there is a viral etiology for papilloma affecting bullheads and suckers, although chemical contaminants may influence the development of these neoplasms through some mechanism. Hepatic neoplasms of both cholangiocytic and hepatocytic origin have been observed at relatively high prevalences in Great Lakes populations of brown bullheads and white suckers. Prevalences of total hepatic neoplasms of > 9% in bullheads and > 3% in suckers were usually only observed in populations from industrialized areas of the Great Lakes. However, relatively high prevalences of hepatic neoplasms were also observed in suckers and bullheads from pristine areas where there is a preponderance of older fish in the population. In the case of both bullheads and suckers, high prevalences of hepatic neoplasms appear to be associated with severe biliary disease (e.g. cholangiofibrosis, cholangiohepatitis). It is highly probable that the etiology of hepatic cancers in bullheads and suckers from the Great Lakes is associated with exposure to chemical contaminants, and in some areas, specifically with exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. However, other chemical contaminants may indirectly influence hepatic tumor rates by increasing the severity of biliary disease in fish from contaminated areas. Overall, cutaneous papilloma prevalences above approximately 25% and hepatic neoplasm prevalences above approximately 5% in these species should be interpreted as an indicator of environmental degradation in the area where fish were surveyed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70946-2","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., Smith, I., and Metcalfe, C., 1996, Linkages between chemical contaminants and tumors benthic Great Lakes fish: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 131-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70946-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumann, P. C.","contributorId":43297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, I.R.","contributorId":71932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metcalfe, C.D.","contributorId":35696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014740,"text":"1014740 - 1996 - Epizootiological study of bacterial cold-water disease in Pacific salmon and further characterization of the etiologic agent, Flexibacterin psychrophila","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T11:58:58.609701","indexId":"1014740","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epizootiological study of bacterial cold-water disease in Pacific salmon and further characterization of the etiologic agent, Flexibacterin psychrophila","docAbstract":"

Isolates of Flexibacter psychrophila were obtained from chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch that had previously sustained epizootics of coldwater disease. The pathogen was readily isolated from kidney and mucus of convalescent fish. The organisms were relatively inert in most standard microbiological media but were structurally and serologically homogenous by examination of whole cell protein lysates by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to the homogeneity observed in phenotypic and serologic assays, the isolates studied elaborated varied ribotypes. All isolates produced a single rDNA spacer amplification product of about 240 base pairs.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0028:ESOBCW>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Schill, W.B., Teska, J., and Ford, L., 1996, Epizootiological study of bacterial cold-water disease in Pacific salmon and further characterization of the etiologic agent, Flexibacterin psychrophila: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 8, p. 28-36, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0028:ESOBCW>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129340,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60209f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teska, J.D.","contributorId":15961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teska","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, L.A.","contributorId":25510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014920,"text":"1014920 - 1996 - Seasonal habitat use by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in a second-order stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T15:59:31.860329","indexId":"1014920","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Seasonal habitat use by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in a second-order stream","title":"Seasonal habitat use by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in a second-order stream","docAbstract":"

Seasonal habitat use by over-yearling and under-yearling brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), was examined in a second-order stream in north-central Pennsylvania, USA. The habitat occupied by brook trout and available habitat were determined in a 0.5-km stream reach during the spring, summer and autumn of 1989 and the spring and summer of 1990. Cover, depth, substrate and velocity were quantified from over 2000 observations of individual brook trout. Habitat used by under-yearling brook trout was more uniform between seasons and years than that used by over-yearling brook trout. Over-yearling brook trout occupied areas with more cover and greater depth than did under-yearling brook trout, suggesting ontogenetic shifts in these variables. Differences for velocity and substrate were not as great as those for cover and depth. The selection of areas with low water velocities governed trout habitat use in spring, whereas cover and depth were the most important habitat variables in summer and autumn. Principal component analysis showed that available habitat and trout habitat centroids diverged most in spring, indicating that habitat selection by brook trout may be greatest at this time.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2400.1996.tb00125.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Dropkin, D.S., 1996, Seasonal habitat use by brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in a second-order stream: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 3, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2400.1996.tb00125.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130771,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014919,"text":"1014919 - 1996 - Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in a small pond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T15:45:18.155704","indexId":"1014919","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in a small pond","title":"Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in a small pond","docAbstract":"

Release ponds are used as part of a multifacet effort to restore American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the upper Susquehanna River basin. Little information exists, however, on the feeding ecology of young shad in small ponds. Consequently, we examined feeding ecology and prey selection of 299 larval and 299 juvenile American shad in a small pond during spring and summer. Larval shad mainly consumed copepods (37.7%) and cladocerans (37.4%) whereas juvenile shad ate chironomids (43.1%) and ostracods (28.4%). Larval and juvenile shad exhibited diel variation in diet composition and feeding periodicity. Food consumption by shad was minimal at night; feeding activity was highest during the day, peaking at 2000 h for both larvae and juveniles. Electivity values of shad larvae for prey taxa were highest for cladocerans (+0.27) and lowest for ostracods (−0.07). Electivity values of juvenile shad were highest for chironomids (+ 0.21) and ostracods (+ 0.09), and lowest for copepods (− 0.08) and baetids (− 0.14). Our data indicate differences in diet composition, prey preference and, to a lesser extent, feeding patterns between larval and juvenile American shad in small pond environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1439-0426.1996.tb00052.x","usgsCitation":"Johnson, J.H., and Dropkin, D.S., 1996, Feeding ecology of larval and juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in a small pond: Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 9-13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1996.tb00052.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"13","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5d98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, J. H.","contributorId":54914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dropkin, D. S.","contributorId":87084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dropkin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1007989,"text":"1007989 - 1996 - Channel response to sediment wave propagation and movement, Redwood Creek, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T16:22:53.581882","indexId":"1007989","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Channel response to sediment wave propagation and movement, Redwood Creek, California, USA","docAbstract":"

Redwood Creek, north coastal California, USA, has experienced dramatic changes in channel configuration since the 1950s. A series of large floods (in 1955, 1964, 1972 and 1975) combined with the advent of widespread commercial timber harvest and road building resulted in extensive erosion in the basin and contributed high sediment loads to Redwood Creek. Since 1975, no peak flows have exceeded a 5 year recurrence interval.

Twenty years of cross-sectional survey data document the downstream movement of a ‘sediment wave’ in the lower 26 km of this gravel-bedded river at a rate of 800 to 1600 m a−1 during this period of moderately low flows. Higher transit rates are associated with reaches of higher unit stream power. The wave was initially deposited at a site with an abrupt decrease in channel gradient and increase in channel width. The amplitude of the wave has attenuated more than 1 m as it moved downstream, and the duration of the wave increased from eight years upstream to more than 20 years downstream.

Channel aggradation and subsequent degradation have been accommodated across the entire channel bed. Channel width has not decreased significantly after initial channel widening from large (>25 year recurrence interval) floods. Three sets of longitudinal surveys of the streambed showed the highest increase in pool depths and frequency in a degrading reach, but even the aggrading reach exhibited some pool development through time. The aggraded channel bed switched from functioning as a sediment sink to a significant sediment source as the channel adjusted to high sediment loads. From 1980 to 1990, sediment eroded from temporary channel storage represented about 25 per cent of the total sediment load and 95 per cent of the bedload exported from the basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199610)21:10%3C911::AID-ESP621%3E3.0.CO;2-1","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., and Ozaki, V., 1996, Channel response to sediment wave propagation and movement, Redwood Creek, California, USA: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 21, no. 10, p. 911-927, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199610)21:10%3C911::AID-ESP621%3E3.0.CO;2-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"911","endPage":"927","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129932,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Redwood Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.94289142547694,\n 41.16348450971557\n ],\n [\n -123.97040294611885,\n 41.20584997331173\n ],\n [\n -124.01018883750852,\n 41.284774013603084\n ],\n [\n -124.03135154569458,\n 41.30385421694771\n ],\n [\n -124.08002577452208,\n 41.33087495097493\n ],\n [\n -124.09822570356216,\n 41.27300510634444\n ],\n [\n -124.05039798306181,\n 41.25550686298388\n ],\n [\n -124.0059562958714,\n 41.16921978515694\n ],\n [\n -123.94881698376923,\n 41.14723183663179\n ],\n [\n -123.92215197145491,\n 41.14627567154952\n ],\n [\n -123.94289142547694,\n 41.16348450971557\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e627f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozaki, Vicki","contributorId":201507,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ozaki","given":"Vicki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180726,"text":"70180726 - 1996 - The role of water ventilation and sediment ingestion in the uptake of benzo[A]pyrene in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:04:55","indexId":"70180726","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of water ventilation and sediment ingestion in the uptake of benzo[A]pyrene in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)","docAbstract":"

The objective of this study was to determine whether sediment ingestion or water ventilation was the primary route of uptake for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), a detritivorous fish. Two experiments were conducted in which fish were exposed to sediments spiked with 1 μg/g BaP. In the first experiment, fish were prevented from feeding by esophagus ligation. In the second experiment, 20 nonligated fish and 30 ligated fish were added to the aquarium. The nonligated fish roiled the water as they fed. Fish were collected 4, 8, 15, and 22 d after the experiments began. Gizzard shad metabolize BaP; therefore, the concentrations of BaP equivalents (parent BaP plus metabolite) were determined. Concentrations of BaP equivalents were significantly greater in the ligated fish in experiment 2 relative to those in experiment 1. In contrast, the concentration of BaP equivalents in the ligated fish in experiment 2 was not significantly different than that in the nonligated fish. Our results suggest that ventilation of turbid water may be a significant source of BaP for gizzard shad. Sediment ingestion, however, does not appear to significantly influence the total body concentration of BaP equivalents in gizzard shad.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620151015","usgsCitation":"Kolok, A., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., and Oris, J.T., 1996, The role of water ventilation and sediment ingestion in the uptake of benzo[A]pyrene in gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1752-1759, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620151015.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1752","endPage":"1759","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a02d79e4b099f50d3e04f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolok, Alan","contributorId":76660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolok","given":"Alan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oris, James T.","contributorId":179017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oris","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180277,"text":"70180277 - 1996 - Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:58:17","indexId":"70180277","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C","docAbstract":"

Not abstract available

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Counihan, T., Miller, A.I., Morgan, M., and Gallion, D., 1996, Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1979e4b0ad67323f982a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, M.N.","contributorId":178689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallion, D.","contributorId":178690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallion","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185835,"text":"70185835 - 1996 - Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:20:53","indexId":"70185835","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill","docAbstract":"

Dense beds of the mussel Mytilus trossulus affected by Exxon Valdez crude oil in Prince William Sound and along the Kenai and Alaska peninsulas were intentionally left untreated during shoreline cleanup activities in 1989-1991. In 1992 and 1993, mussels and sediments from 70 mussel beds in Prince William Sound and 18 beds along the Kenai and Alaska peninsulas were sampled to establish the geographic extent and intensity of Exxon Valdez oil persisting in mussel beds. Substantial residual Exxon Valdez oil persists in sediments underlying mussel beds in the area affected by the spill. Residual crude oil is a source of chronic contamination of mussels and their predators.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Babcock, M., Irvine, G., Harris, P., Cusick, J., and Rice, S., 1996, Persistence of oiling in mussel beds three and four years after the Exxon Valdez oil spill, in American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 286-297.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"297","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686863,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686864,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686865,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686866,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, M.M.","contributorId":32120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irvine, G.V.","contributorId":97051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, P.M.","contributorId":103226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cusick, J.A.","contributorId":83878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cusick","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018156,"text":"70018156 - 1996 - The edge of time: Dating young volcanic ash layers with the 40Ar- 39Ar laser probe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018156","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The edge of time: Dating young volcanic ash layers with the 40Ar- 39Ar laser probe","docAbstract":"Argon-40-argon-39 single-crystal dating of young (5000 to 30,000 years ago) volcanic ash layers erupted from the Mono Craters, California, shows that the method can yield meaningful ages in Holocene tephra. Because of ubiquitous xenocrystic contamination, the data do not form isochrons but plot in wedge-shaped regions on an argon isotopic diagram. The upper boundary of the region is an isochron matching the 14C-derived age of the eruption. Such contamination-related patterns may be common in dating young materials by the single-crystal method. Argon dating by this method can help refine the time scale of physical and biological evolution over the past 100,000 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1126/science.274.5290.1176","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Chen, Y., Smith, P.E., Evensen, N., York, D., and Lajoie, K.R., 1996, The edge of time: Dating young volcanic ash layers with the 40Ar- 39Ar laser probe: Science, v. 274, no. 5290, p. 1176-1178, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5290.1176.","startPage":"1176","endPage":"1178","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205900,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.274.5290.1176"},{"id":227364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"274","issue":"5290","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab0de4b08c986b322b9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Y.","contributorId":7019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evensen, N.M.","contributorId":19721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evensen","given":"N.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"York, D.","contributorId":75707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lajoie, K. R.","contributorId":6828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lajoie","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019260,"text":"70019260 - 1996 - Age of Australopithecus afarensis from Fejej, Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019260","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2337,"text":"Journal of Human Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age of Australopithecus afarensis from Fejej, Ethiopia","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Human Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jhev.1996.0010","issn":"00472484","usgsCitation":"Kappelman, J., Swisher, C.C., Fleagle, J., Yirga, S., Bown, T.M., and Feseha, M., 1996, Age of Australopithecus afarensis from Fejej, Ethiopia: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 30, no. 2, p. 139-146, https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0010.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205779,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1996.0010"},{"id":226736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8ece4b0c8380cd47f9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappelman, J.","contributorId":45063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappelman","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swisher, C. C. III","contributorId":39139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swisher","given":"C.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleagle, J.G.","contributorId":80831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleagle","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yirga, S.","contributorId":9782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yirga","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bown, T. M.","contributorId":106858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bown","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feseha, M.","contributorId":91641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feseha","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018240,"text":"70018240 - 1996 - Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T11:07:39","indexId":"70018240","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary","docAbstract":"The mechanisms that resuspend bottom sediments in Hillsborough Bay, a shallow, microtidal, subtropical estuary in West-central Florida, were determined by analysing hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration data collected during several instrument deployments made in 1990 and 1991. Large vessels in a dredged ship channel can generate forced solitary long waves that cause large water velocities and sediment resuspension at the study sites. An experiment was conducted with a trawler that resuspended bottom sediments, and some of the resuspended sediments remained in suspension for at least 8 h. A secondary impact of vessel-generated long waves and trawling is that sediments that are resuspended and newly deposited are more susceptible to resuspension by tidal currents than undisturbed bottom sediments. Natural sediment resuspension by wind waves and tidal current is less frequent or of smaller magnitude than anthropogenic sediment resuspension. The annual mass of sediment resuspended by vessel-generated long waves is estimated to be one order of magnitude greater than the annual mass of sediment resuspended by wind waves generated by winter storms.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/ecss.1996.0086","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Schoellhamer, D., 1996, Anthropogenic sediment resuspension mechanisms in a shallow microtidal estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 43, no. 5, p. 533-548, https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0086.","startPage":"533","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205874,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0086"}],"volume":"43","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec5ce4b0c8380cd49214","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoellhamer, D. H. 0000-0001-9488-7340","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":85624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"D. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018125,"text":"70018125 - 1996 - Clay alteration and gold deposition in the genesis and blue star deposits, Eureka County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T16:15:48.886432","indexId":"70018125","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clay alteration and gold deposition in the genesis and blue star deposits, Eureka County, Nevada","docAbstract":"

The Genesis and Blue Star sedimentary rock-hosted gold deposits occur within the 40-mile-long Carlin trend and are located in Eureka County, Nevada. The deposits are hosted within the Devonian calcareous Popovieh Formation, the siliciclastic Rodeo Creek unit and the siliciclastic Vinini Formation. The host rocks have undergone contact metamorphism, decalcification, silicification, argillization, and supergene oxidation.Detailed characterization of the alteration patterns, mineralogy, modes of occurrence, and associated geochemistry of clay minerals resulted in the following classifications: least altered rocks, found distal to the orebody, consisting of both metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed host rock that has not been completely decalcified; and altered rocks, found proximal to the orebody that have been decalcified. Altered rocks are classified further into the following groups based on clay mineral content: silicic, 1 to 10 percent clay; silicic-argillic, 10 to 35 percent clay; and argillic, 35 to 80 percent clay. Clay species identified are 1M illite, 2M 1 illite, kaolinite, halloysite, and dioctahedral smectite. An early hydrothermal event resulted in the precipitation of euhedral kaolinite and at least one generation of silica. This event occurred contemporaneously with decalcification which increased rock permeability and porosity. A second clay alteration event resulted in the precipitation of hydrothermal 1M illite which replaced hydrothermal kaolinite and is associated with gold deposition. Silver and silica deposition is also associated with this phase of hydrothermal alteration. Hydrothermal alteration was followed by supergene alteration which resulted in the formation of supergene kaolinite, halloysite, and smectite as well as the oxidation of iron-bearing minerals. Supergene clays are concentrated along faults, dike margins, and within rocks containing carbonate. Gold mineralization is not associated with supergene clay minerals within the Genesis and Blue Star deposits. Rocks classified as silicic-argillic in the Popovich Formation represent the most significant gold host. Silicic-argillic rocks commonly exhibit bedding-parallel alteration zones. This pattern of alteration indicates that stratigraphy as well as northwest-trending structures played a significant role in the migration of gold-bearing fluids. Based on K-Ar age determinations of hydrothermal 1M illite associated with gold, the main event of mineralization in the Genesis and Blue Star deposits occurred between 93 and 100 Ma, during mid-Cretaceous time.

","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.91.8.1383","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Drews-Armitage, S.P., Romberger, S., and Whitney, C., 1996, Clay alteration and gold deposition in the genesis and blue star deposits, Eureka County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 91, no. 8, p. 1383-1393, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.8.1383.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1383","endPage":"1393","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f637e4b0c8380cd4c60e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drews-Armitage, S. P.","contributorId":7022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drews-Armitage","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romberger, S.B.","contributorId":24114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romberger","given":"S.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitney, C.G.","contributorId":86361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018126,"text":"70018126 - 1996 - Evaluation of immunoassay for the determination of pesticides at a large-scale groundwater contamination site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:59:50.991418","indexId":"70018126","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of immunoassay for the determination of pesticides at a large-scale groundwater contamination site","docAbstract":"

Pesticide concentrations in ground water at Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) near Denver, Colorado, were determined using solid-phase extraction (SPE) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) procedures and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for cyclodiene insecticides and triazine herbicides. Matrix interferences resulted in inconclusive results for some GC/MS analyses due to baseline disturbances and co-elution, but ELISA analyses consistently gave definitive results in a minimum amount of time. ELISA was used initially as a screening method, and pesticide concentrations and plume extents identified by ELISA were confirmed by SPE-GC/MS. A high degree of correlation was seen between results from GC/MS and ELISA methods for the triazine herbicides (correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.99). All areas with high pesticide concentrations were found to be within the boundaries of RMA.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1997-0657.ch018","usgsCitation":"Dombrowski, T.R., Thurman, E., and Mohrman, G.B., 1996, Evaluation of immunoassay for the determination of pesticides at a large-scale groundwater contamination site: ACS Symposium Series, v. 657, p. 221-233, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0657.ch018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.86494304580532,\n 39.79879005601697\n ],\n [\n -104.79155154599407,\n 39.7991515068116\n ],\n [\n -104.79155154599407,\n 39.86995918074618\n ],\n [\n -104.86400212914101,\n 39.86995918074618\n ],\n [\n -104.89693421238974,\n 39.84142813472934\n ],\n [\n -104.89693421238974,\n 39.82625490184975\n ],\n [\n -104.90022742071429,\n 39.825893593547534\n ],\n [\n -104.90116833737858,\n 39.81396935366655\n ],\n [\n -104.86541350413745,\n 39.8128852292613\n ],\n [\n -104.86447258747317,\n 39.798428603322634\n ],\n [\n -104.86494304580532,\n 39.79879005601697\n ],\n [\n -104.86494304580532,\n 39.79879005601697\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"657","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c16e4b0c8380cd52a1d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dombrowski, T. R.","contributorId":68050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dombrowski","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mohrman, G. B.","contributorId":91644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohrman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018238,"text":"70018238 - 1996 - Raton basin coalbed methane production picking up in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-19T17:42:59","indexId":"70018238","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2941,"text":"Oil & Gas Journal","printIssn":"0030-1388","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Raton basin coalbed methane production picking up in Colorado","docAbstract":"Coalbed methane production in the Raton basin of south-central Colorado and northeast New Mexico has gone over pilot testing and entered the development stage which is expected to last several years. The development work is restricted to roughly a 25 mile by 15 mile wide `fairway' centered about 20 miles west of Trinidad, Colorado. At last count, 85 wells were producing nearly 17.5 MMcfd of coalbed methane from the basin's Raton and Vermejo formation coals.","language":"English","publisher":"PennWell Corporation","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","usgsCitation":"Hemborg, H.T., 1996, Raton basin coalbed methane production picking up in Colorado: Oil & Gas Journal, v. 94, no. 46, p. 101-102.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"102","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351799,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-94/issue-46/in-this-issue/exploration/raton-basin-coalbed-methane-production-picking-up-in-colorado.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"94","issue":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9554e4b0c8380cd81956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hemborg, H. Thomas","contributorId":55586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemborg","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018123,"text":"70018123 - 1996 - Contrasts between Sm-Nd whole-rock and U-Pb zircon systematics in the Tobacco Root batholith, Montana: Implications for the determination of crustal age provinces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-15T15:19:05.224822","indexId":"70018123","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasts between Sm-Nd whole-rock and U-Pb zircon systematics in the Tobacco Root batholith, Montana: Implications for the determination of crustal age provinces","docAbstract":"

Proper documentation of the extent and age of crust in the western US is critical for constraining a variety of geologic problems ranging from the growth rate of continents to Precambrian continental reconstructions. The secondary isotopic systematics of granitoids have been one of the principal means used to characterize continental crust in areas where the basement is covered. In southwestern Montana and eastern Idaho a group of Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic, dioritic to quartz monzonitic batholiths (e.g., Tobacco Root, Idaho, Pioneer, Boulder, etc.) share a limited range of Paleoproterozoic Sm-Nd depleted mantle model ages. The Tobacco Root batholith (TRB) has a Nd isotopic composition (ϵNd = −17.9 to −19.1) and SmNd model age (TDM = 1.63 to 1.90 Ga) typical of this group. The TRB, however, intruded Archean crust (∼3.3 Ga, ϵNd = ∼ −35), rather than the presumed Proterozoic crust intruded by the other plutons. The Archean heritage of the TRB is confirmed by the presence of premagmatic zircons which range from 2.2 to 3.0 Ga. The combination of U-Pb zircon and Nd model ages suggest that the batholith was derived from both Archean and Proterozoic crustal sources, as well as an ∼80 Ma mantle component. This contrasts with a sample from the northern Idaho batholith which exhibits concordancy between its Sm-Nd and premagmatic zircon systems at ∼1.74 Ga. These data point to the difficulties that can occur if crustal age provinces are defined solely on the basis of Nd model ages of younger plutons, particularly in areas such as the northwestern US where Archean and Proterozoic crust is poorly exposed and dispersed over a large area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00151-5","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Mueller, P., Heatherington, A., D’Arcy, K.A., Wooden, J.L., and Nutman, A., 1996, Contrasts between Sm-Nd whole-rock and U-Pb zircon systematics in the Tobacco Root batholith, Montana: Implications for the determination of crustal age provinces: Tectonophysics, v. 265, no. 1-2, p. 169-179, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00151-5.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"179","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227404,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.06377085731225,\n 46.66227149504411\n ],\n [\n -115.06377085731225,\n 44.077720147519585\n ],\n [\n -110.28647031561087,\n 44.077720147519585\n ],\n [\n -110.28647031561087,\n 46.66227149504411\n ],\n [\n -115.06377085731225,\n 46.66227149504411\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"265","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa7de4b0c8380cd4db1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heatherington, A.L.","contributorId":75708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heatherington","given":"A.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"D’Arcy, K. A.","contributorId":71707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Arcy","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nutman, A.P.","contributorId":16177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutman","given":"A.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}