{"pageNumber":"3785","pageRowStart":"94600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":70018630,"text":"70018630 - 1996 - Phosphorus mobilization from littoral sediments of an inlet region in Lake Delavan, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:26","indexId":"70018630","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":883,"text":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phosphorus mobilization from littoral sediments of an inlet region in Lake Delavan, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Rates of P release from littoral sediments of the inlet region of Lake Delavan, Wisconsin, were examined in the laboratory under different redox and pH regimes using sediment systems and also in situ using sediment peppers. In the laboratory, rates of P release from sediments increased about two-fold (i.e., to 7 mg m-2 d-1) under oxic conditions as a result of adjusting the pH of the overlying water from 8.5 to about 9.0. Laboratory rates increased to a maximum of 23 mg m-2 d-1 under anoxic conditions. Both in situ pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) exhibited marked seasonal fluctuations due, primarily, to metabolism by submersed macrophytes, which occupied over 50% of the inlet region. Using continuous records of in situ pH and DO and ranges in rates of P release measured in the laboratory, we estimated an overall mean rate of P release of 5.7 mg m-2 d-1 from the littoral sediments during the summer (April-September) of 1994. Rates of P release estimated from Fickean diffusional fluxes were similar to rates estimated from pH and DO. Our results suggest that aquatic macrophyte communities of the inlet region enhance the mobilization of P from littoral sediment by regulating pH and DO in the surrounding environment.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archiv fur Hydrobiologie","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00039136","usgsCitation":"James, W., Barko, J., and Field, S.J., 1996, Phosphorus mobilization from littoral sediments of an inlet region in Lake Delavan, Wisconsin: Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, v. 138, no. 2, p. 245-257.","startPage":"245","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a78bee4b0c8380cd78785","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, W.F.","contributorId":58602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, J.W.","contributorId":84705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018142,"text":"70018142 - 1996 - Cyanazine, atrazine, and their metabolites as geochemical indicators of contaminant transport in the Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-03T16:54:32.984581","indexId":"70018142","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanazine, atrazine, and their metabolites as geochemical indicators of contaminant transport in the Mississippi River","docAbstract":"

The geochemical transport of cyanazine and its metabolite cyanazine amide (CAM) was compared to atrazine and its metabolite deethylatrazine (DEA) at three sites in the Mississippi River basin during 1992 and six sites during 1993. The floods of 1993 caused an uninterrupted exponential decline in herbicide concentrations; whereas, in 1992 herbicide concentrations varied mostly in response to two discrete discharge pulses in the spring and midsummer and were stable during an extended period of summer low-flow. Concentration half-lives calculated from the 1993 data for atrazine were approximately twice those of cyanazine at all sites. The half-life for atrazine and cyanazine was shortest, 22 and 14 days, respectively at the Mississippi River at Clinton, Ill. -- the farthest upstream site -- and longest, 42 and 22 days, respectively, at the Baton Rouge, La. site -- the farthest downstream site. The concentration of CAM exceeded the concentration of DEA through September at all sites where the mean ratio of atrazine-to-cyanazine (ACR) was less than 4.0. The ratio of CAM-to-cyanazine (CAMCR) increased from 0.2 to more than 1.0 and the ratio of DEA-to-atrazine (DAR) increased from less than 0.1 to 0.3 from application in May through early to mid- July. Temporal changes in the CAMCR were used to identify pre- and post-application \"slugs\" of water transported along the reaches of the Mississippi River.

","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch021","usgsCitation":"Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E., and Goolsby, D.A., 1996, Cyanazine, atrazine, and their metabolites as geochemical indicators of contaminant transport in the Mississippi River: ACS Symposium Series, v. 630, p. 288-302, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch021.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"302","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227095,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","city":"Baton Rouge, Clinton","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.60423401044336,\n 39.863641898142305\n ],\n [\n -92.710604915468,\n 39.863641898142305\n ],\n [\n -92.710604915468,\n 30.147065506425733\n ],\n [\n -88.60423401044336,\n 30.147065506425733\n ],\n [\n -88.60423401044336,\n 39.863641898142305\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"630","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd1ee4b0c8380cd4e63b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018858,"text":"70018858 - 1996 - A resource evaluation of the Bakken Formation (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) continuous oil accumulation, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:13","indexId":"70018858","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A resource evaluation of the Bakken Formation (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) continuous oil accumulation, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana","docAbstract":"The Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation in the United States portion of the Williston Basin is both the source and the reservoir for a continuous oil accumulation - in effect a single very large field - underlying approximately 17,800 mi2 (46,100 km2) of North Dakota and Montana. Within this area, the Bakken Formation continuous oil accumulation is not significantly influenced by the water column and cannot be analyzed in terms of conventional, discrete fields. Rather, the continuous accumulation can be envisioned as a collection of oil-charged cells, virtually all of which are capable of producing some oil, but which vary significantly in their production characteristics. Better wellperformance statistics are linked regionally to higher levels of thermal maturity and to lower levels of reservoir heterogeneity. Although portions of the Bakken Formation continuous oil accumulation have reached a mature stage of development, the accumulation as a whole is far from depleted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J., 1996, A resource evaluation of the Bakken Formation (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) continuous oil accumulation, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana: Mountain Geologist, v. 33, no. 1, p. 1-10.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e54ae4b0c8380cd46c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018548,"text":"70018548 - 1996 - Diagenesis, compaction, and fluid chemistry modeling of a sandstone near a pressure seal: Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, Gulf Coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T17:05:59.703758","indexId":"70018548","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis, compaction, and fluid chemistry modeling of a sandstone near a pressure seal: Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, Gulf Coast","docAbstract":"

Petrographic, isotopic, and fluid-inclusion evidence from normally and overpressured sand-stones of the lower Tuscaloosa Formation (Upper Cretaceous) in the Gulf Coast documents quartz-overgrowth precipitation at 90°C or less, calcite cement precipitation at approximately 100° and 135°C, and prismatic quartz cement precipitation at about 125°C. Textural evidence suggests that carbonate cement dissolution occurred before the second phases of calcite and quartz precipitation, and was followed by precipitation of grain-rimming chlorite and pore-filling kaolinite. Geochemical calculations demonstrate that present-day lower Tuscaloosa Formation water from 5500 m depth could either dissolve or precipitate calcite cements in model simulations of upward water low. Calcite dissolution or precipitation depends on PCO2 variability with depth (i.e., whether there is one or two-phase flow) or on the rate of generation of CO2 with depth. Calculations suggest that 105-106 rock volumes of water are required to flow through the section to precipitate 1-10% calcite cement.

Compaction analysis suggests that late-stage compaction occurred in normally pressured sandstones after dissolution of carbonate cements, but was hindered in overpressured sandstones despite the presence of high porosity. These results document the inhibition of compaction by overpressured fluids and constrain the timing of pressure seal formation. Modeling results demonstrate that the proposed paragenesis used to constrain timing of pressure seal formation is feasible, and that most of the cement diagenesis occurred before the pressure seal became effective as a permeability barrier.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/64ED8C8C-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Weedman, S., Brantley, S.L., Shiraki, R., and Poulson, S.R., 1996, Diagenesis, compaction, and fluid chemistry modeling of a sandstone near a pressure seal: Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, Gulf Coast: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1045-1063, https://doi.org/10.1306/64ED8C8C-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1045","endPage":"1063","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.16262732679756,\n 30.939723848711253\n ],\n [\n -92.16262732679756,\n 30.464362041821246\n ],\n [\n -90.94537494973406,\n 30.464362041821246\n ],\n [\n -90.94537494973406,\n 30.939723848711253\n ],\n [\n -92.16262732679756,\n 30.939723848711253\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0099e4b0c8380cd4f7f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weedman, Suzanne","contributorId":87411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, Susan L. 0000-0003-4320-2342","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-2342","contributorId":184201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brantley","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shiraki, R.","contributorId":107443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shiraki","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poulson, Simon R.","contributorId":187411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulson","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":33648,"text":"Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":380010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018859,"text":"70018859 - 1996 - Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the northeast United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:14","indexId":"70018859","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the northeast United States","docAbstract":"Increased losses of nitrate from watersheds may accelerate the depletion of nutrient cations and affect the acidification and trophic status of surface waters. Patterns of nitrate concentrations and losses were evaluated in four forested watersheds (East Bear Brook Watershed, Lead Mountain, ME; Watershed 6, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, White Mountains, NH; Arbutus Watershed, Huntington Forest, Adirondack Mountains, NY; Biscuit Brook, Catskill Mountains, NY) located across the northeastern United States. A synchronous pattern was observed in nitrate concentrations of drainage waters from these four sites from 1983 through 1993. Most notably, high concentrations and high drainage water losses followed an anomalous cold period (mean daily temperature -11.4 to -16 ??C in December 1989) for all four sites. After high nitrate losses during the snowmelt of 1990, nitrate concentrations and fluxes decreased at all sites. These results suggest that climatic variation can have a major effect on nitrogen flux and cycling and may influence temporal patterns of nitrate loss in a region.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1021/es9600237","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, M., Driscoll, C.T., Kahl, J.S., Likens, G., Murdoch, P., and Pardo, L., 1996, Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the northeast United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 30, no. 8, p. 2609-2612, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9600237.","startPage":"2609","endPage":"2612","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9600237"},{"id":226302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f65ee4b0c8380cd4c713","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, M.J.","contributorId":72940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kahl, J. S.","contributorId":77885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kahl","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Likens, G.E.","contributorId":68893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Likens","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pardo, L.H.","contributorId":93209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018554,"text":"70018554 - 1996 - Effects of winter atmospheric circulation on temporal and spatial variability in annual streamflow in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T16:11:32.939879","indexId":"70018554","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1927,"text":"Hydrological Sciences Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of winter atmospheric circulation on temporal and spatial variability in annual streamflow in the western United States","docAbstract":"

Winter mean 700-hectoPascal (hPa) height anomalies, representing the average atmospheric circulation during the snow season, are compared with annual streamflow measured at 140 streamgauges in the western United States. Correlation and anomaly pattern analyses are used to identify relationships between winter mean atmospheric circulation and temporal and spatial variability in annual streamflow. Results indicate that variability in winter mean 700-Hpa height anomalies accounts for a statistically significant portion of the temporal variability in annual streamflow in the western United States. In general, above-average annual streamflow is associated with negative winter mean 700-Hpa height anomalies over the eastern North Pacific Ocean and/or the western United States. The anomalies produce an anomalous flow of moist air from the eastern North Pacific Ocean into the western United States that increases winter precipitation and snowpack accumulations, and subsequently streamflow. Winter mean 700-hPa height anomalies also account for statistically significant differences in spatial distributions of annual streamflow. As part of this study, winter mean atmospheric circulation patterns for the 40 years analysed were classified into five winter mean 700-hPa height anomaly patterns. These patterns are related to statistically significant and physically meaningful differences in spatial distributions of annual streamflow.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02626669609491556","issn":"02626667","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G.J., 1996, Effects of winter atmospheric circulation on temporal and spatial variability in annual streamflow in the western United States: Hydrological Sciences Journal, v. 41, no. 6, p. 873-887, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669609491556.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"887","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479061,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669609491556","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227347,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0848e4b0c8380cd51a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, G. J. Jr.","contributorId":77551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81514,"text":"81514 - 1996 - Resource issues addressed by case studies of sustained research in national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T17:00:39.729209","indexId":"81514","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"15","title":"Resource issues addressed by case studies of sustained research in national parks","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science and ecosystem management in the national parks","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Arizona Press","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Davis, G.E., and Halvorson, W., 1996, Resource issues addressed by case studies of sustained research in national parks, chap. 15 of Science and ecosystem management in the national parks, p. 321-333.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"333","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e57","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504187,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, G.E.","contributorId":10361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504186,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Gary E.","contributorId":73235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halvorson, William L.","contributorId":97194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"William L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":81513,"text":"81513 - 1996 - Changes in landscape values and expectations: What do we want and how do we measure it?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T15:44:24.168337","indexId":"81513","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Changes in landscape values and expectations: What do we want and how do we measure it?","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"National parks and protected areas: Their role in environmental protection.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Halvorson, W.L., 1996, Changes in landscape values and expectations: What do we want and how do we measure it?, chap. 2 of National parks and protected areas: Their role in environmental protection., p. 15-30.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e5e77","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wright, G.","contributorId":111360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504185,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Halvorson, W. L.","contributorId":26246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018555,"text":"70018555 - 1996 - Settlement patterns reflected in assemblages from the Pleistocene/Holocene transition of North Central China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018555","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2182,"text":"Journal of Archaeological Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Settlement patterns reflected in assemblages from the Pleistocene/Holocene transition of North Central China","docAbstract":"Survey along the margins of the Helan Mountains in the Ningxia Hui and Nei Mongol Autonomous Regions discloses variability in the distribution and assemblage composition among 47 archaeological localities, and suggests a reduction in hunter-gatherer residential mobility through time. Late Palaeolithic tool assemblages are less frequent, smaller, and relatively uniform from site to site. They tend to be found near canyon mouths on the mountain front, or around springs in the middle to upper reaches of fans, suggesting limited variation in both length of stay and subsistence strategies. In contrast, early Neolithic sites, more abundant and variable in size and complexity, are located near fan toes or lower fan springs where water could be more easily diverted. Larger more diverse assemblages suggest long-term residential bases, while smaller specialized assemblages, devoid of microliths, indicate short-term camps and resource processing locations. This helps confirm a similar pattern identified in materials collected by the Sino-Swedish expedition, in the northern Alashan. Together they suggest that the trend towards decreased residential mobility is associated with increasingly intensive and specialized use of seed resources that may be related to the early development of plant husbandry. ?? 1996 Academic Press Limited.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Archaeological Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1006/jasc.1996.0019","issn":"03054403","usgsCitation":"Madsen, D., Elston, R.G., Bettinger, R.L., Xu, C., and Zhong, K., 1996, Settlement patterns reflected in assemblages from the Pleistocene/Holocene transition of North Central China: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 23, no. 2, p. 217-231, https://doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0019.","startPage":"217","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205908,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.1996.0019"},{"id":227389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d74e4b08c986b318402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madsen, D.B.","contributorId":65615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elston, R. G.","contributorId":93212,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elston","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bettinger, R. L.","contributorId":17776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bettinger","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xu, C.","contributorId":9781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhong, K.","contributorId":68896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhong","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":7000014,"text":"7000014 - 1996 - The geologic story of the Ocoee River : see the river -- see the rapids -- see the rocks!","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"7000014","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"The geologic story of the Ocoee River : see the river -- see the rapids -- see the rocks!","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000014","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, and Tennessee River Valley Authority, 1996, The geologic story of the Ocoee River : see the river -- see the rapids -- see the rocks!: General Interest Publication, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 23 x 41 cm. folded to 23 x 10 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000014.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. maps ; 23 x 41 cm. folded to 23 x 10 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18587,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/ocoee2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"U.S. Forest Service","contributorId":128067,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Forest Service","id":535075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tennessee River Valley Authority","contributorId":128090,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Tennessee River Valley Authority","id":535077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018394,"text":"70018394 - 1996 - Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T09:10:25","indexId":"70018394","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.","title":"Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

The ichnogenus Beaconichnus (Gevers 1973), an arthropod trace fossil, includes very different forms that comprise five ichnospecies, namely B. darwi‐nunt (Gevers 1971), B. gouldi (Gevers 1971), B. ahtarcticum(Gevers 1971), B. giganteum Gevers and Twomey 1982, and B. wrrighti Gevers and Twomey 1982. The original diagnosis of Beaconichnus is rather vague and potentially may accommodate virtually every arthropod trackway described from the fossil record. In view of these problems, the validity of Beaconichnus is reassessed and each of its ichnospecies is reviewed. We conclude that B. darwinum is a junior synonym of Diplopodichnus biformis Brady 1947; B. antarcticum should be regarded as Palmich‐niunt antarcticum; and B. wrighti is a nomen nudum. Additionally, we agree with previous proposals in considering B. gouldi as the senior synonym of B. giganteum, and including it in Diplichnites Dawson 1873. Therefore, we suggest that the ichnogenus Beaconichnus is best disregarded. Additionally, we describe specimens collected from the Late Carboniferous Tonganoxie Sandstone Member (Stranger Formation) of eastern Kansas, ascribed herein to Diplopodichnus biformis and Diplichnites gouldi, which include examples of intergradations between both ichnotaxa, and provide synonymy lists for both ichnospecies.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420949809386427","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L.A., Mángano, M., Maples, C.G., and Lanier, W.P., 1996, Taxonomic reassessment of the ichnogenus Beaconichnus and additional examples from the Carboniferous of Kansas, U.S.A.: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 5, no. 4, p. 287-302, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949809386427.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba3ebe4b08c986b31ffa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, Luis A. 0000-0001-9523-750X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-750X","contributorId":195823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buatois","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":379427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mángano, M. Gabriela","contributorId":57619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mángano","given":"M. Gabriela","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":379425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maples, Christopher G.","contributorId":87396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maples","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":379424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lanier, William P.","contributorId":73672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lanier","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018561,"text":"70018561 - 1996 - Integrating a geographic information system, a scientific visualization system and an orographic precipitation model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018561","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrating a geographic information system, a scientific visualization system and an orographic precipitation model","docAbstract":"Investigating natural, potential, and man-induced impacts on hydrological systems commonly requires complex modelling with overlapping data requirements, and massive amounts of one- to four-dimensional data at multiple scales and formats. Given the complexity of most hydrological studies, the requisite software infrastructure must incorporate many components including simulation modelling, spatial analysis and flexible, intuitive displays. There is a general requirement for a set of capabilities to support scientific analysis which, at this time, can only come from an integration of several software components. Integration of geographic information systems (GISs) and scientific visualization systems (SVSs) is a powerful technique for developing and analysing complex models. This paper describes the integration of an orographic precipitation model, a GIS and a SVS. The combination of these individual components provides a robust infrastructure which allows the scientist to work with the full dimensionality of the data and to examine the data in a more intuitive manner.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Hay, L., and Knapp, L., 1996, Integrating a geographic information system, a scientific visualization system and an orographic precipitation model: IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 235, p. 123-131.","startPage":"123","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"235","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c74e4b0c8380cd62d50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hay, L.","contributorId":72103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, L.","contributorId":83290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knapp","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018144,"text":"70018144 - 1996 - Global distribution of plant-extractable water capacity of soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T17:52:55.847937","indexId":"70018144","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global distribution of plant-extractable water capacity of soil","docAbstract":"

Plant-extractable water capacity of soil is the amount of water that can be extracted from the soil to fulfill evapotranspiration demands. It is often assumed to be spatially invariant in large-scale computations of the soil-water balance. Empirical evidence, however, suggests that this assumption is incorrect. In this paper, we estimate the global distribution of the plant-extractable water capacity of soil.

A representative soil profile, characterized by horizon (layer) particle size data and thickness, was created for each soil unit mapped by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)/Unesco. Soil organic matter was estimated empirically from climate data. Plant rooting depths and ground coverages were obtained from a vegetation characteristic data set. At each 0.5°×0.5° grid cell where vegetation is present, unit available water capacity (cm water per cm soil) was estimated from the sand, clay, and organic content of each profile horizon, and integrated over horizon thickness. Summation of the integrated values over the lesser of profile depth and root depth produced an estimate of the plant-extractable water capacity of soil.

The global average of the estimated plant-extractable water capacities of soil is 8ċ6cm (Greenland, Antarctica and bare soil areas excluded). Estimates are less than 5, 10 and 15 cm—over approximately 30, 60, and 89 per cent of the area, respectively. Estimates reflect the combined effects of soil texture, soil organic content, and plant root depth or profile depth. The most influential and uncertain parameter is the depth over which the plant- extractable water capacity of soil is computed, which is usually limited by root depth. Soil texture exerts a lesser, but still substantial, influence. Organic content, except where concentrations are very high, has relatively little effect.

","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199608)16:8<841::AID-JOC60>3.0.CO;2-8","issn":"08998418","usgsCitation":"Dunne, K., and Willmott, C., 1996, Global distribution of plant-extractable water capacity of soil: International Journal of Climatology, v. 16, no. 8, p. 841-859, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199608)16:8<841::AID-JOC60>3.0.CO;2-8.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"859","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2944e4b0c8380cd5a7e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunne, K.A.","contributorId":18920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Willmott, C.J.","contributorId":99315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willmott","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018871,"text":"70018871 - 1996 - Geochemistry of autochthonous and hypautochthonous siderite-dolomite coal-balls (Foord Seam, Bolsovian, Upper Carboniferous), Nova Scotia, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T00:48:15.282934","indexId":"70018871","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of autochthonous and hypautochthonous siderite-dolomite coal-balls (Foord Seam, Bolsovian, Upper Carboniferous), Nova Scotia, Canada","docAbstract":"

The 11–13 m thick Foord Seam in the fault-bounded Stellarton Basin, Nova Scotia, is the thickest seam from the Euramerican floral province known to contain coal-balls. In addition to the first discovery of autochthonous coal-balls in the Foord Seam, Nova Scotia, its shale parting also contains hypautochthonous coal-balls with histologically preserved plant structures. The coal-ball discovery helps fill a stratigraphic gap in coal-ball occurrences in the upper Carboniferous (Bolsovian) of Euramerica. The autochthonous and hypautochthonous coal-balls have a similar mineralogical composition and are composed of siderite (81–100%), dolomite-ankerite (0–19%), minor quartz and illite, and trace amounts of `calcite'. Similar is also their permineralizing mineralogy, which consists of dolomite-ankerite and siderite. Their low pyrite content and carbonate mineralogy, and nonmarine origin, differentiates the Foord Seam coal-balls from other Euramerican coal-ball occurrences.

A preliminary geochemical model, which is based on oxygen and carbon isotopic data, indicates that siderite in both the autochthonous and hypautochthonous coal-balls is of very early diagenetic (nonmarine) origin from 13C-enriched bicarbonate derived from bacterial methanogenesis of organic matter.




","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(95)00008-9","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Zodrow, E., Lyons, P., and Millay, M., 1996, Geochemistry of autochthonous and hypautochthonous siderite-dolomite coal-balls (Foord Seam, Bolsovian, Upper Carboniferous), Nova Scotia, Canada: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 29, no. 1-3, p. 199-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(95)00008-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16eee4b0c8380cd552fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zodrow, E.L.","contributorId":99328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zodrow","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Millay, M.A.","contributorId":104624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018872,"text":"70018872 - 1996 - Relations of fish community composition to environmental variables in streams of central Nebraska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:44:27.301335","indexId":"70018872","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations of fish community composition to environmental variables in streams of central Nebraska, USA","docAbstract":"Nine sites on streams in the Platte River Basin in central Nebraska were sampled as part of the US Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program during 1993-1994. A combination of canonical correspondence analysis and an index of biotic integrity determined from fish community data produced complementary evaluations of water quality conditions. Results of the canonical correspondence analysis were useful in showing which environmental variables were significant in differentiating fish communities at the nine sites. Five environmental variables were statistically significant in the analysis. Median specific conductance of water samples collected at a site accounted for the largest amount of variability in the species data. Although the percentage of the basin as cropland was not the first variable chosen in a forward selection process, it was the most strongly correlated with the first ordination axis. A rangeland- dominated site was distinguished from all others along that axis. Median orthophosphate concentration of samples collected in the year up to the time of fish sampling was most strongly correlated with the second ordination axis. The index of biotic integrity produced results that could be interpreted in terms of the relative water quality between sites. Sites draining nearly 100% cropland had the lowest scores for two individual metrics of the index of biotic integrity that were related to species tolerance. Effective monitoring of water quality could be achieved by coupling methods that address both the ecological components of fish communities and their statistical relationships to environmental factors.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01204140","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Frenzel, S., and Swanson, R.B., 1996, Relations of fish community composition to environmental variables in streams of central Nebraska, USA: Environmental Management, v. 20, no. 5, p. 689-705, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01204140.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"689","endPage":"705","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226481,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a714e4b0e8fec6cdc37f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frenzel, S.A.","contributorId":9246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frenzel","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, R. B.","contributorId":10032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"R.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018658,"text":"70018658 - 1996 - The 1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes: A triggered normal faulting sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:23:55.379723","indexId":"70018658","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes: A triggered normal faulting sequence","docAbstract":"

In 1954, four earthquakes of M > 6.0 occurred within a 30 km radius in a period of six months. The Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes are among the largest to have been recorded geodetically in the Basin and Range province. The Fairview Peak earthquake (M = 7.2, December 12, 1954) followed two events in the Rainbow Mountains (M = 6.2, July 6, and M = 6.5, August 24, 1954) by 6 months. Four minutes later the Dixie Valley fault ruptured (M = 6.7, December 12, 1954). The changes in static stresses caused by the events are calculated using the Coulomb-Navier failure criterion and assuming uniform slip on rectangular dislocations embedded in an elastic half-space. Coulomb stress changes are resolved on optimally oriented faults and on each of the faults that ruptured in the chain of events. These calculations show that each earthquake in the Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley sequence was preceded by a static stress change that encouraged failure. The magnitude of the stress increases transferred from one earthquake to another ranged from 0.01 MPa (0.1 bar) to over 0.1 MPa (1 bar). Stresses were reduced by up to 0.1 MPa over most of the Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak area as a result of the earthquake sequence.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB01302","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hodgkinson, K., Stein, R., and King, G., 1996, The 1954 Rainbow Mountain-Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquakes: A triggered normal faulting sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B11, p. 25459-25471, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB01302.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"25459","endPage":"25471","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba61be4b08c986b320eca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkinson, K.M.","contributorId":99314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkinson","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"King, G.C.P.","contributorId":18510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018173,"text":"70018173 - 1996 - Integrated high-precision analyses of Holocene relative sea-level changes: Lessons from the coast of Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T14:55:18.267869","indexId":"70018173","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated high-precision analyses of Holocene relative sea-level changes: Lessons from the coast of Maine","docAbstract":"

A suite of salt-marsh peat samples from four sites along the coast of Maine (Wells, Phippsburg, Gouldsboro, and Machiasport) has been analyzed using high-precision techniques to determine local relative sea-level trends and to evaluate proposed along-coast warping. A spatially variable set of relative sea-level records in Maine would have important implications for geophysical models that predict the response of the lithosphere during deglaciation and postglacial isostatic relaxation. These models are often at odds with observed relative sea-level indicators near the margins of former glaciation, including those from Maine.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1073:IHPAOH>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Gehrels, W., Belknap, D.F., and Kelley, J.T., 1996, Integrated high-precision analyses of Holocene relative sea-level changes: Lessons from the coast of Maine: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 9, p. 1073-1088, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1073:IHPAOH>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1088","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227672,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.32570134415494,\n 43.96496369051931\n ],\n [\n -71.2378107191551,\n 43.23301434452003\n ],\n [\n -70.75441228165504,\n 42.71858349902169\n ],\n [\n -70.1391779066552,\n 42.97633686321791\n ],\n [\n -68.07374821915515,\n 43.86999708456139\n ],\n [\n -66.49171696915519,\n 44.688004201877135\n ],\n [\n -67.19484196915484,\n 45.49462025836914\n ],\n [\n -71.32570134415494,\n 43.96496369051931\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"108","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c64e4b0c8380cd62cce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehrels, W.R.","contributorId":51035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gehrels","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belknap, D. F.","contributorId":96739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belknap","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, J. T.","contributorId":34197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018149,"text":"70018149 - 1996 - Variables indicating nitrate contamination in Bedrock Aquifers, Newark Basin, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:43:58","indexId":"70018149","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variables indicating nitrate contamination in Bedrock Aquifers, Newark Basin, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Variables that describe well construction, hydrogeology, and land use were evaluated for use as possible indicators of the susceptibility of ground water in bedrock aquifers in the Newark Basin. New Jersey, to contamination by nitrate from the land surface. Statistical analyses were performed on data for 132 wells located throughout the Newark Basin. Concentrations of nitrate (as nitrogen) did not exceed the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in any of the water samples (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). Variables that describe hydrogeology and well construction were found not to be statistically significant in relation to concentrations of nitrate. This finding can be attributed to the complex nature of flow in bedrock aquifers and mixing of water from shallow and deep water-bearing zones that occurs within these wells, which are constructed with long open intervals. Distributions of nitrate concentrations were significantly different among land-use groups on the basis of land use within both a 400- and an 800-m radius zone of the well. The median concentrations of nitrate (as N) in water from wells in predominantly urban-residential (2.5 mg/L) and agricultural areas (1.8 mg/L) were greater than the median concentration of nitrate in water from wells in predominantly undeveloped areas (0.5 mg/L).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04073.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Clawges, R., and Vowinkel, E., 1996, Variables indicating nitrate contamination in Bedrock Aquifers, Newark Basin, New Jersey: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 32, no. 5, p. 1055-1066, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04073.x.","startPage":"1055","endPage":"1066","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267671,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04073.x"},{"id":227233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc14ae4b08c986b32a4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clawges, R.M.","contributorId":24779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clawges","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vowinkel, E. F.","contributorId":90737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vowinkel","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018150,"text":"70018150 - 1996 - Urban seismology - Northridge aftershocks recorded by multi-scale arrays of portable digital seismographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T12:17:10.152332","indexId":"70018150","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urban seismology - Northridge aftershocks recorded by multi-scale arrays of portable digital seismographs","docAbstract":"

We deployed portable digital seismographs in the San Fernando Valley (SFV), the Los Angeles basin (LAB), and surrounding hills to record aftershocks of the 17 January 1994 Northridge California earthquake. The purpose of the deployment was to investigate factors relevant to seismic zonation in urban areas, such as site amplification, sedimentary basin effects, and the variability of ground motion over short baselines. We placed seismographs at 47 sites (not all concurrently) and recorded about 290 earthquakes with magnitudes up to 5.1 at five stations or more. We deployed widely spaced stations for profiles across the San Fernando Valley, as well as five dense arrays (apertures of 200 to 500 m) in areas of high damage, such as the collapsed Interstate 10 overpass, Sherman Oaks, and the collapsed parking garage at CalState Northridge. Aftershock data analysis indicates a correlation of site amplification with mainshock damage. We found several cases where the site amplification depended on the azimuth of the aftershock, possibly indicating focusing from basin structures. For the parking garage array, we found large ground-motion variabilities (a factor of 2) over 200-m distances for sites on the same mapped soil unit. Array analysis of the aftershock seismograms demonstrates that sizable arrivals after the direct S waves consist of surface waves traveling from the same azimuth as that of the epicenter. These surface waves increase the duration of motions and can have frequencies as high as about 4 Hz. For the events studied here, we do not observe large arrivals reflected from the southern edge of the San Fernando Valley.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0860051350","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Meremonte, M., Frankel, A., Cranswick, E., Carver, D., and Worley, D., 1996, Urban seismology - Northridge aftershocks recorded by multi-scale arrays of portable digital seismographs: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 86, no. 5, p. 1350-1363, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0860051350.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1350","endPage":"1363","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Northridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.70975545208985,\n 34.366879713929904\n ],\n [\n -118.70975545208985,\n 34.102871740329206\n ],\n [\n -118.29131338979255,\n 34.102871740329206\n ],\n [\n -118.29131338979255,\n 34.366879713929904\n ],\n [\n -118.70975545208985,\n 34.366879713929904\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe12e4b08c986b3293d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meremonte, M.","contributorId":22915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cranswick, E.","contributorId":85948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cranswick","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carver, D.","contributorId":22792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carver","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Worley, D.","contributorId":35195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worley","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018559,"text":"70018559 - 1996 - Genetic characteristics of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Silesian-Cracow ores, Poland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018559","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3108,"text":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic characteristics of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Silesian-Cracow ores, Poland","docAbstract":"Fluid inclusion studies in sphalerite from early-stage Zn-Pb mineralization in the Silesian-Cracow region (southern Poland), yielded homogenization temperatures (Th) from 80 to 158??C. Vertical thermal gradient of the parent fluids was 6 to 10??C, and the ore crystallization temperature ranges varied from <10??C at deep levels to 25??C at shallow levels. The peculiarities of formation of primary and secondary fluid inclusions from organic-matter-bearing water-dominated medium, position of the inclusions in crystals, features of secondary inclusions, the inclusion refilling phenomena, their formation on recrystallization of ores, and Th distribution in single fissure fillings were considered. The ore-forming fluids were liquid-hydrocarbon-bearing aqueous solutions of Na-Ca-Cl type with lower Ca contents in the south and higher Ca contents in the north of the region. The ore-forming fluids had salinities from nul to about 23 weight percent of NaCl equivalent. Three types of fluids were recognized, that mixed during ore precipitation: a) ascending fluids of low-to-moderate salinity and high, b) formation brines of high salinity and moderate Th, and c) descending waters of low salinity and low-to-moderate Th.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"08669465","usgsCitation":"Kozlowski, A., Leach, D.L., and Viets, J., 1996, Genetic characteristics of fluid inclusions in sphalerite from the Silesian-Cracow ores, Poland: Prace - Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, v. 154, p. 72-84.","startPage":"72","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"154","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1568e4b0c8380cd54dd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kozlowski, A.","contributorId":49124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kozlowski","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viets, J.G.","contributorId":82300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018151,"text":"70018151 - 1996 - Agricultural chemicals at the outlet of a shallow carbonate aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70018151","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3626,"text":"Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Agricultural chemicals at the outlet of a shallow carbonate aquifer","docAbstract":"A groundwater catchment, located in Woodford and Jessamine Counties in the Inner Bluegrass of Kentucky, was instrumented to develop long- term flow and water quality data. The land uses on this 1 620-ha catchment consist of approximately 59% in grasses consisting of beef farms, horse farms, and a golf course; 16% row crops; 6% orchard: 13% forest; and 6% residential. Water samples were analyzed twice a week for, Ca++, Mg++, Na+, Cl-, HCO3-, O4=, NO3-, total solids, suspended solids, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and triazines. Flow rate and average ambient temperature were also recorded. No strong linear relationship was developed between chemical concentrations and other parameters. The transient nature of the system was emphasized by one event that drastically deviated from others. Pesticide data were summarized and the 'flushing' phenomena accredited to karst systems was discussed. The total solids content in the spring was consistent at approximately 2.06 mg/L. Fecal bacteria contamination was well above drinking water limits (fecal coliform and fetal streptococci averages were I 700 and 4 300 colony-forming-units/100 mL, respectively) and the temporal variation in bacterial contamination was not linked to any other variable.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00012351","usgsCitation":"Felton, G., 1996, Agricultural chemicals at the outlet of a shallow carbonate aquifer: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, v. 39, no. 3, p. 873-882.","startPage":"873","endPage":"882","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e911e4b0c8380cd4808e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Felton, G.K.","contributorId":75706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felton","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018152,"text":"70018152 - 1996 - The 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Investigation of rupture velocity, risetime, and high-frequency radiation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-12T17:44:46.281796","indexId":"70018152","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Investigation of rupture velocity, risetime, and high-frequency radiation","docAbstract":"

A hybrid global search algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear problem of calculating slip amplitude, rake, risetime, and rupture time on a finite fault. Thirty-five strong motion velocity records are inverted by this method over the frequency band from 0.1 to 1.0 Hz for the Northridge earthquake. Four regions of larger-amplitude slip are identified: one near the hypocenter at a depth of 17 km, a second west of the hypocenter at about the same depth, a third updip from the hypocenter at a depth of 10 km, and a fourth updip from the hypocenter and to the northwest. The results further show an initial fast rupture with a velocity of 2.8 to 3.0 km/s followed by a slow termination of the rupture with velocities of 2.0 to 2.5 km/s. The initial energetic rupture phase lasts for 3 s, extending out 10 km from the hypocenter. Slip near the hypocenter has a short risetime of 0.5 s, which increases to 1.5 s for the major slip areas removed from the hypocentral region. The energetic rupture phase is also shown to be the primary source of high-frequency radiation (1–15 Hz) by an inversion of acceleration envelopes. The same global search algorithm is used in the envelope inversion to calculate high-frequency radiation intensity on the fault and rupture time. The rupture timing from the low- and high-frequency inversions is similar, indicating that the high frequencies are produced primarily at the mainshock rupture front. Two major sources of high-frequency radiation are identified within the energetic rupture phase, one at the hypocenter and another deep source to the west of the hypocenter. The source at the hypocenter is associated with the initiation of rupture and the breaking of a high-stress-drop asperity and the second is associated with stopping of the rupture in a westerly direction.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB01883","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S., Liu, P., and Mendoza, C., 1996, The 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Investigation of rupture velocity, risetime, and high-frequency radiation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 9, p. 20091-20108, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB01883.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"20091","endPage":"20108","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227277,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba634e4b08c986b320f76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, S.","contributorId":12603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, P.","contributorId":98443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mendoza, C.","contributorId":82059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendoza","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019091,"text":"70019091 - 1996 - Trace metal speciation in natural waters: Computational vs. analytical","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T05:57:56","indexId":"70019091","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace metal speciation in natural waters: Computational vs. analytical","docAbstract":"Improvements in the field sampling, preservation, and determination of trace metals in natural waters have made many analyses more reliable and less affected by contamination. The speciation of trace metals, however, remains controversial. Chemical model speciation calculations do not necessarily agree with voltammetric, ion exchange, potentiometric, or other analytical speciation techniques. When metal-organic complexes are important, model calculations are not usually helpful and on-site analytical separations are essential. Many analytical speciation techniques have serious interferences and only work well for a limited subset of water types and compositions. A combined approach to the evaluation of speciation could greatly reduce these uncertainties. The approach proposed would be to (1) compare and contrast different analytical techniques with each other and with computed speciation, (2) compare computed trace metal speciation with reliable measurements of solubility, potentiometry, and mean activity coefficients, and (3) compare different model calculations with each other for the same set of water analyses, especially where supplementary data on speciation already exist. A comparison and critique of analytical with chemical model speciation for a range of water samples would delineate the useful range and limitations of these different approaches to speciation. Both model calculations and analytical determinations have useful and different constraints on the range of possible speciation such that they can provide much better insight into speciation when used together. Major discrepancies in the thermodynamic databases of speciation models can be evaluated with the aid of analytical speciation, and when the thermodynamic models are highly consistent and reliable, the sources of error in the analytical speciation can be evaluated. Major thermodynamic discrepancies also can be evaluated by simulating solubility and activity coefficient data and testing various chemical models for their range of applicability. Until a comparative approach such as this is taken, trace metal speciation will remain highly uncertain and controversial.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00619286","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 1996, Trace metal speciation in natural waters: Computational vs. analytical: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 257-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00619286.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"267","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205713,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619286"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb670e4b08c986b326c7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70019092,"text":"70019092 - 1996 - Effect of increasing photon irradiance on the growth of Vallisneria americana in the tidal Potomac River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70019092","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":861,"text":"Aquatic Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of increasing photon irradiance on the growth of Vallisneria americana in the tidal Potomac River","docAbstract":"Following declines in submersed macrophyte populations in tidal ecosystems, revegetation of areas devoid of macrophytes may be sudden and rapid or may not occur for years. Declines of submersed macrophyte populations in the Chesapeake Bay and the tidal Potomac River have been attributed to insufficient light in the water column; however, the role of light in promoting revegetation has never been unequivocally documented. Photon irradiance was artificially increased for Vallisneria americana transplants in two unvegetated embayments in the otherwise vegetated freshwater tidal Potomac River: Pohick Bay and Belmont Bay. Pohick Bay had high nutrient concentrations and frequent algal blooms. Belmont Bay was broader and shallower than Pohick Bay with turbidity resulting from wind- driven resuspension of sediment. The total number of plants of V. americana in the lighted cages was 7.5 times higher than that in the unlighted cages at Pohick Bay and 11 times higher than that in the unlighted control cages in Belmont Bay. The biomass in the lighted cages was 11-fold higher in Belmont Bay and 38-fold higher in Pohick Bay than that in the control cages. Plants were less numerous and more robust in lighted cages in Pohick Bay than in Belmont Bay.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic Botany","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0304-3770(96)01051-0","issn":"03043770","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., Rybicki, N.B., and Turtora, M., 1996, Effect of increasing photon irradiance on the growth of Vallisneria americana in the tidal Potomac River: Aquatic Botany, v. 54, no. 4, p. 337-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(96)01051-0.","startPage":"337","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205714,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(96)01051-0"},{"id":226363,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05ede4b0c8380cd51025","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, V.","contributorId":61115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, N. B.","contributorId":97504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turtora, M.","contributorId":14961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turtora","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018557,"text":"70018557 - 1996 - Interpreting the ASTM 'content standard for digital geospatial metadata'","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018557","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Interpreting the ASTM 'content standard for digital geospatial metadata'","docAbstract":"ASTM and the Federal Geographic Data Committee have developed a content standard for spatial metadata to facilitate documentation, discovery, and retrieval of digital spatial data using vendor-independent terminology. Spatial metadata elements are identifiable quality and content characteristics of a data set that can be tied to a geographic location or area. Several Office of Management and Budget Circulars and initiatives have been issued that specify improved cataloguing of and accessibility to federal data holdings. An Executive Order further requires the use of the metadata content standard to document digital spatial data sets. Collection and reporting of spatial metadata for field investigations performed for the federal government is an anticipated requirement. This paper provides an overview of the draft spatial metadata content standard and a description of how the standard could be applied to investigations collecting spatially-referenced field data.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1994 International Symposium on Remote Sensing and GIS for Site Characterization","conferenceDate":"27 January 1994 through 28 January 1994","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Conshohocken, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Nebert, D.D., 1996, Interpreting the ASTM 'content standard for digital geospatial metadata', in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1279, San Francisco, CA, USA, 27 January 1994 through 28 January 1994, p. 127-130.","startPage":"127","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1279","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d93e4b0c8380cd6368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nebert, Douglas D. ddnebert@usgs.gov","contributorId":3629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nebert","given":"Douglas","email":"ddnebert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":380032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}