{"pageNumber":"3786","pageRowStart":"94625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":1000787,"text":"1000787 - 1996 - Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T15:43:59","indexId":"1000787","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993","docAbstract":"Bathythermal distributions, sexual maturity, and growth of lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) strains stocked in Lake Ontario were determined for fish collected with trawls and gill nets in 1978-93.  The purpose was to augment the basis for deciding which strains to continue stocking in an effort to reestablish a self-sustaining population.  The Clearwater Lake (CWL) strain was found in shallower, warmer water than all other strains; the Seneca Lake (SEN) strain was usually shallower than the Jenny Lake (JEN) and Lake Superior (SUP) strains at ages 1 and 2 but was usually deeper at age 3 and older.  Depth distribution of the 'Ontario strain'--from gametes of several strains that survived to maturity in Lake Ontario-- was similar to that of the SEN and SUP strains.  About half the males matured at age 4 and half the females at age 5; males < 500 mm and females < 600 mm long were rarely mature.  Least-sqaures mean lengths and weights of the CWL strain were greater than those of all other strains through age 4.  At age 7 and older, CWL and JEN fish were generally smaller than all other strains.  Means lengths and weights of males and females of the same age and strain frequently differed at age 4 and older.  Growth in weight at age 4 and older was not associated with biomass indices of prey fishes.  Differences in growth rates among strains were associated with bathythermal distribution which is a heritable trait.  Weight-length regressions differed by year, sex, and stage of maturity but were rarely different among strains.  Competition for space appeared to affect condition of large lake trout.  Growth rates and maturity schedules provide little basis for recommending stocking one strain in preference to another.  Depth ranges of strains overlapped widely, but lake trout occupied only about one-fourth of available bottom habitat.  Stocking several strains should be continued to maximize use of sustainable habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70992-9","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., O’Gorman, R., and Schneider, C.P., 1996, Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 3, p. 722-743, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70992-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"743","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267056,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70992-9"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000690,"text":"1000690 - 1996 - Comparative morphology of zebra (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) and quagga (<i>Dreissena bugensis</i>) mussel sperm: Light and electron microscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T09:32:41","indexId":"1000690","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative morphology of zebra (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) and quagga (<i>Dreissena bugensis</i>) mussel sperm: Light and electron microscopy","docAbstract":"<p><span>Adult zebra (</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) and quagga (</span><i>Dreissena bugensis</i><span>) mussels were induced to release large quantities of live spermatozoa by the administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Sperm were photographed alive using phase-contrast microscopy and were fixed subsequently with glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide for eventual examination by transmission or scanning electron microscopy. The sperm of both genera are of the ect-aquasperm type. Their overall dimensions and shape allow for easy discrimination at the light and scanning electron microscopy level. Transmission electron microscopy of the cells reveals a barrel-shaped nucleus in zebra mussel sperm and an elongated nucleus in quagga mussel sperm. In both species, an acrosome is cradled in a nuclear fossa. The ultrastructure of the acrosome and axial body, however, is distinctive for each species. The structures of the midpiece are shown, including a unique mitochondrial \"skirt\" that includes densely packed parallel cristae and extends in a narrow sheet from the mitochondria.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z96-093","usgsCitation":"Walker, G., Black, M., and Edwards, C., 1996, Comparative morphology of zebra (<i>Dreissena polymorpha</i>) and quagga (<i>Dreissena bugensis</i>) mussel sperm: Light and electron microscopy: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 74, no. 5, p. 809-815, https://doi.org/10.1139/z96-093.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"815","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133418,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, G.K.","contributorId":33681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Black, M.G.","contributorId":21124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Black","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, C.A.","contributorId":53350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000771,"text":"1000771 - 1996 - Biology of Amur sleeper (<i>Perccottus glehni</i>) in the Delta of the Selenga River, Buryatia, Russia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T14:27:21","indexId":"1000771","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biology of Amur sleeper (<i>Perccottus glehni</i>) in the Delta of the Selenga River, Buryatia, Russia","docAbstract":"We determined the fecundity, growth, diet, and density of the Amur sleeper (<i>Perccottus glehni</i>) in the Selenga River Delta on Lake Baikal during 1986-1991 to better understand how this invading exotic will affect Baikal's endemic fishes. We also compared the Amur sleeper's diet with that of other fishes living in the delta. The largest Amur sleepers were about 200 mm long and weighed 200 g; the oldest were age 7. All females were mature at age 2. Fecundity ranged from 884 eggs at age 1 to 37,056 eggs at age 7. Highest densities of Amur sleepers were found in oxbow lakes where densities sometimes exceeded 4,000 fish per ha. The bulk of the diet of Amur sleeper age 2 and older was chironomids, fish, and fish eggs. Chironomids were also important in the diet of the commercially valuable Siberian roach (<i>Rutilus rutilus lacustris</i>) and Siberian dace (<i>Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis</i>). Thus the Amur sleeper may cause population declines of these important endemic fishes through resource competition and predation on their juvenile life stages. However, Amur sleepers were the species of fish most frequently eaten by Eurasian perch (<i>Perca fluviatilis</i>) and northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>). So, maintaining vigorous populations of these two predators may well be an effective strategy for limiting the size of Amur sleeper populations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70962-0","usgsCitation":"Litvinov, A.G., and O’Gorman, R., 1996, Biology of Amur sleeper (<i>Perccottus glehni</i>) in the Delta of the Selenga River, Buryatia, Russia: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 370-378, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70962-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"378","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267204,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70962-0"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Lake Baikai;Selenga River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 106.22406,51.912085 ], [ 106.22406,52.412472 ], [ 106.861267,52.412472 ], [ 106.861267,51.912085 ], [ 106.22406,51.912085 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623433","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Litvinov, Alexander G.","contributorId":32886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvinov","given":"Alexander","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000678,"text":"1000678 - 1996 - Contaminant trends in lake trout and walleye from the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T10:01:53","indexId":"1000678","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminant trends in lake trout and walleye from the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Trends in PCBs, DDT, and other contaminants have been monitored in Great Lakes lake trout and walleye since the 1970s using composite samples of whole fish. Dramatic declines have been observed in concentrations of PCB, &Sigma;DDT, dieldrin, and oxychlordane, with declines initially following first order loss kinetics. Mean PCB concentrations in Lake Michigan lake trout increased from 13 &mu;g/g in 1972 to 23 &mu;g/g in 1974, then declined to 2.6 &mu;g/g by 1986. Between 1986 and 1992 there was little change in concentration, with 3.5 &mu;g/g observed in 1992. &Sigma;DDT in Lake Michigan trout followed a similar trend, decreasing from 19.2 &mu;g/g in 1970 to 1.1 &mu;g/g in 1986, and 1.2 &mu;g/g in 1992. Similar trends were observed for PCBs and &Sigma;DDT in lake trout from Lakes Superior, Huron and Ontario. Concentrations of both PCB and &Sigma;DDT in Lake Erie walleye declined between 1977 and 1982, after which concentrations were relatively constant through 1990. When originally implemented it was assumed that trends in the mean contaminant concentrations in open-lake fish would serve as cost effective surrogates to trends in the water column. While water column data are still extremely limited it appears that for PCBs in lakes Michigan and Superior, trends in lake trout do reasonably mimic those in the water column over the long term. Hypotheses to explain the trends in contaminant concentrations are briefly reviewed. The original first order loss kinetics used to describe the initial decline do not explain the more recent leveling off of contaminant concentrations. Recent theories have examined the possibilities of multiple contaminant pools. We suggest another hypothesis, that changes in the food web may have resulted in increased bioaccumulation. However, a preliminary exploration of this hypothesis using a change point analysis was inconclusive.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)71009-2","usgsCitation":"DeVault, D.S., Hesselberg, R.J., Rodgers, P.W., and Feist, T.J., 1996, Contaminant trends in lake trout and walleye from the Laurentian Great Lakes: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 4, p. 884-895, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)71009-2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"884","endPage":"895","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6841ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeVault, David S.","contributorId":22720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeVault","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hesselberg, Robert J.","contributorId":36074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hesselberg","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodgers, Paul W.","contributorId":77891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feist, Timothy J.","contributorId":103630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feist","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000785,"text":"1000785 - 1996 - Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T21:27:37.601627","indexId":"1000785","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":749,"text":"American Zoologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Variations in the reproductive cycle of <i>Dreissena polymorpha</i> in Europe, Russia, and North America","title":"Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel {</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>) is highly variable throughout its range in Europe, Russia</span><span>, and North America. The environmental factors influencing this variation are poorly understood, but successful reproduction is occurring in areas where it was initially believed that adult zebra mussels could not survive (i.e., southern United States). The differences in mussel reproduction occurring from site-to-site make it difficult to predict timing of specific events, such as the start of larval production, that are important in initiating containment or control procedures. For example, the amount of time required for a fertilized egg to develop into a juvenile mussel can be as short as 8 days, or as long as 240 days. Release of gametes by adults can be a highly synchronized event, focused over a 1–2 week period, or it can be completely non-synchronized, occurring throughout the year. Zebra mussels in some localities start spawning at water temperatures of 12–13°C, but do not start until water temperatures reaches 22°C at other sites. While some of this variability in reproductive behavior stems from mussel adaptation to local conditions, part is due to difficulties in sampling these events. It is difficult to determine reproductive success of a specific population because of the problems in separating locally produced larvae from larvae drifting in from other areas. Further research is needed not only on the relationship between reproduction and environment at the community level, but also on the variability in response of individual mussels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/icb/36.3.311","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., 1996, Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America: American Zoologist, v. 36, no. 3, p. 311-325, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.3.311.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Susan Jerrine","contributorId":83076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000772,"text":"1000772 - 1996 - Differentiating climatic and successional influences on long-term development of a marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T14:50:58","indexId":"1000772","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating climatic and successional influences on long-term development of a marsh","docAbstract":"<p><span>Comparison of long&mdash;term records of local wetland vegetation dynamics with regional, climate&mdash;forced terrestrial vegetation changes can be used to differentiate the rates and effects of autogenic successional processes and allogenic environmental change on wetland vegetation dynamics. We studied Holocene plant macrofossil and pollen sequences from Portage Marsh, a shallow, 18&mdash;ha marsh in northeastern Indiana. Between 10 000 and 5700 yr BP the basin was occupied by a shallow, open lake, while upland vegetation consisted of mesic forests of Pinus, Quercus, Ulmus, and Carya. At 5700 yr BP the open lake was replaced rapidly by a shallow marsh, while simultaneously Quercus savanna developed on the surrounding uplands. The marsh was characterized by periodic drawdowns, and the uplands by periodic fires. Species composition of the marsh underwent further changes between 3000 and 2000 yr BP. Upland pollen spectra at Portage Marsh and other sites in the region shifted towards more mesic vegetation during that period. The consistency and temporal correspondence between the changes in upland vegetation and marsh vegetation indicate that the major vegetational changes in the marsh during the Holocene resulted from hydrologic changes forced by regional climate change. Progressive shallowing of the basin by autogenic accumulation of organic sediment constrained vegetational responses to climate change but did not serve as the direct mechanism of change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2265782","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.K., Jackson, S.T., Madsen, B.J., and Wilcox, D.A., 1996, Differentiating climatic and successional influences on long-term development of a marsh: Ecology, v. 77, no. 6, p. 1765-1778, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265782.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1765","endPage":"1778","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479103,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2265782","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Darren K.","contributorId":41790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Darren","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, Stephen T. 0000-0002-1487-4652 stjackson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-4652","contributorId":344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Stephen","email":"stjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":560,"text":"South Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madsen, Barbara J.","contributorId":23109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":36880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000677,"text":"1000677 - 1996 - Comparison of three nonlinear models to describe long-term tag shedding by lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T12:37:35","indexId":"1000677","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of three nonlinear models to describe long-term tag shedding by lake trout","docAbstract":"<p><span>We estimated long-term tag-shedding rates for lake trout&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;using two existing models and a model we developed to account for the observed permanence of some tags. Because tag design changed over the course of the study, we examined tag-shedding rates for three types of numbered anchor tags (Floy tags FD-67, FD-67C, and FD-68BC) and an unprinted anchor tag (FD-67F). Lake trout from the Gull Island Shoal region, Lake Superior, were double-tagged, and subsequent recaptures were monitored in annual surveys conducted from 1974 to 1992. We modeled tag-shedding rates, using time at liberty and probabilities of tag shedding estimated from fish released in 1974 and 1978&ndash;1983 and later recaptured. Long-term shedding of numbered anchor tags in lake trout was best described by a nonlinear model with two parameters: an instantaneous tag-shedding rate and a constant representing the proportion of tags that were never shed. Although our estimates of annual shedding rates varied with tag type (0.300 for FD-67, 0.441 for FD-67C, and 0.656 for FD-68BC), differences were not significant. About 36% of tags remained permanently affixed to the fish. Of the numbered tags that were shed (about 64%), two mechanisms contributed to tag loss: disintegration and dislodgment. Tags from about 11% of recaptured fish had disintegrated, but most tags were dislodged. Unprinted tags were shed at a significant but low rate immediately after release, but the long-term, annual shedding rate of these tags was only 0.013. Compared with unprinted tags, numbered tags dislodged at higher annual rates; we hypothesized that this was due to the greater frictional drag associated with the larger cross-sectional area of numbered tags.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0261:COTNMT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Swanson, B.L., Schram, S.T., and Hoff, M.H., 1996, Comparison of three nonlinear models to describe long-term tag shedding by lake trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 125, no. 2, p. 261-273, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0261:COTNMT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"273","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Bruce L.","contributorId":105660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174762,"text":"70174762 - 1996 - Quants and wonks in environmental disputes: Are scientists experts or advocates?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-15T10:52:14","indexId":"70174762","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Quants and wonks in environmental disputes: Are scientists experts or advocates?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"Commack, NY","isbn":"1-56072-302-5","usgsCitation":"Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Taylor, J.G., 1996, Quants and wonks in environmental disputes: Are scientists experts or advocates?.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325310,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325309,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=2750"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578a0931e4b0c1aacab7d428","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Soden, Dennis L.","contributorId":172916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soden","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642584,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":17554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223098,"text":"5223098 - 1996 - Habitat characteristics of American woodcock nest sites on a managed area in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T17:37:50.053273","indexId":"5223098","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat characteristics of American woodcock nest sites on a managed area in Maine","docAbstract":"<p>We measured characteristics of habitat near 89 nests of American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>) and 100 randomly selected points on Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Calais, Maine, an area managed for woodcock. At nest sites, basal area was lower (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), densities of deciduous saplings were greater (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), densities of coniferous saplings were lower (<i>P</i> = 0.001), densities of shrub stems were greater (<i>P</i> = 0.002), and height of trees was shorter (<i>P</i> = 0.001) than at random sites. Nest sites were closer to openings (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) than were random sites. Nests were in 15 cover types. The aspen (<i>Populus</i> spp.), tamarack (<i>Larix laricina</i>), and alder (<i>Alnus rugosa</i>) types were used as nest sites more often than expected in relation to habitat types available at random sites (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Fifty-eight percent (<i>n</i> = 89) of nests were in stands of aspen, 11% in alder or tamarack, and 10% in mature second-growth gray birch (<i>Betula populifolia</i>) and red maple (<i>Acer rubrum</i>). Forty-four percent (n = 89) of the nests were in clearcuts &lt;10 years old. Habitat characteristics around sites of first nests were not different among years (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05) or between sites of successful nests and nests destroyed by predators, although the large variances of the variables reduced our power to detect differences. Habitat around sites of renests differed from sites of first nests. Sites around first nests had lower basal area of dead trees (<i>P</i> = 0.05) and higher stem densities of aspen (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and cherry saplings (<i>P</i> = 0.001), and viburnum (<i>P</i> = 0.05), while renest sites had taller trees (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The change from nest sites in areas dominated by alders and tree-size gray birch used in 1977-80 to sites dominated by sapling trees, especially aspen, used during 1987-90 suggests that woodcock in the expanding population at the refuge are selecting nest sites created by habitat management since 1979.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802048","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., Longcore, J., Sepik, G.F., and Pendleton, G.W., 1996, Habitat characteristics of American woodcock nest sites on a managed area in Maine: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 1, p. 138-148, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802048.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Calais","otherGeospatial":"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.3178139727194,\n              45.125820551745136\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.3178139727194,\n              45.04308205412198\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.24566827332606,\n              45.04308205412198\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.24566827332606,\n              45.125820551745136\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.3178139727194,\n              45.125820551745136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64948f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G.","contributorId":346357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel G.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":346356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry R.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1000676,"text":"1000676 - 1996 - Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T09:34:39","indexId":"1000676","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ruffe&nbsp;</span><i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i><span>, an exotic Eurasian percid, recently became established in the St. Louis River estuary, Lake Superior, after accidental introduction. Management actions (catch regulations and stockings) were enacted in 1989 to increase the density of top-level predators in the estuary, and thus to increase predation on ruffe. We conducted a field and laboratory study to determine if, and to what extent, native piscivores consume ruffe. Stomachs of 3,669 predators were examined in 1989&ndash;1991. Ruffe occurred in 6.7% of burbot&nbsp;</span><i>Lota lota</i><span>, 5.8% of bullheads&nbsp;</span><i>Ictalurus</i><span>&nbsp;spp., 4.7% of smallmouth bass&nbsp;</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>, 2.6% of northern pike&nbsp;</span><i>Esox lucius</i><span>, 2.6% of black crappies</span><i>Pomoxis nigromaculatus</i><span>, and 1.3% of yellow perch&nbsp;</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>&nbsp;(4.5% after 1989) captured during the 3-year study. No ruffe were found in 967 stomachs of walleyes</span><i>Stizostedion vitreum</i><span>&nbsp;examined. Ruffe were 22.7%, of the diet (by weight) of bullheads (during the only year bullheads were captured) and 0.1&ndash;17.9% of the diet of northern pike. Ruffe were 0.9&ndash;24.5% of the diet of smallmouth bass that contained fish, 1.5&ndash;6.9% of yellow perch that contained fish, and 0.0&ndash;10.9% of black crappies that contained fish. Most ruffe eaten were age-0 or small age- 1 fish. In the laboratory, walleyes that were first fed soft-rayed prey or that were also offered soft-rayed prey consumed very few ruffe, whereas walleyes that were first fed spiny-rayed yellow perch or were also offered yellow perch consumed about equal numbers of ruffe and yellow perch. Northern pike and burbot consumed about equal numbers of ruffe and yellow perch in the laboratory. It is unlikely that predation will effectively control the initial expansion of ruffe in other areas of the Great Lakes because native predators initially consume few ruffe, especially if more preferred soft-rayed prey are available.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0115:PORBNF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ogle, D.H., Selgeby, J.H., Savino, J.F., Newman, R.M., and Henry, M.G., 1996, Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 16, no. 1, p. 115-123, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0115:PORBNF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"123","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogle, Derek H.","contributorId":73967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogle","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Raymond M.","contributorId":99519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1000770,"text":"1000770 - 1996 - Zebra mussel infestation of unionid bivalves (Unionidae) in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T11:39:12","indexId":"1000770","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":749,"text":"American Zoologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Zebra mussel infestation of unionid bivalves (Unionidae) in North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1989, zebra mussels received national attention in North America when they reached densities exceeding 750,000/m2 in a water withdrawal facility along the shore of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Although water withdrawal problems caused by zebra mussels have been of immediate concern, ecological impacts attributed to mussels are likely to be the more important long-term issue for surface waters in North America. To date, the epizoic colonization (i.e., infestation) of unionid bivalve mollusks by zebra mussels has caused the most direct and severe ecological impact. Infestation of and resulting impacts caused by zebra mussels on unionids in the Great Lakes began in 1988. By 1990, mortality of unionids was occurring at some locations; by 1991, extant populations of unionids in western Lake Erie were nearly extirpated; by 1992, unionid populations in the southern half of Lake St. Clair were extirpated; by 1993, unionids in widely separated geographic areas of the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River showed high mortality due to mussel infestation. All infested unionid species in the Great Lakes (23) have become infested and exhibited mortality within two to four years after heavy infestation began. Data indicate that mean zebra mussel densities &gt;5,000&ndash;6,000/m</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;and infestation intensities &gt;100-200/unionid in the presence of heavy zebra mussel recruitment results in near total mortality of unionids. At present, all unionid species in rivers, streams, and akes that sympatrically occur with zebra mussels have been infested and, in many locations, negatively impacted by zebra mussels. We do not know the potential consequences of infestation on the 297 unionid species found in North America, but believe zebra mussels pose an immediate threat to the abundance and diversity of unionids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/icb/36.3.300","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Nalepa, T., and Mackie, G.L., 1996, Zebra mussel infestation of unionid bivalves (Unionidae) in North America: American Zoologist, v. 36, no. 3, p. 300-310, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.3.300.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"300","endPage":"310","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479074,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.3.300","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":134104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4783e4b07f02db4834ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mackie, Gerald L.","contributorId":41774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackie","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1001147,"text":"1001147 - 1996 - Le Conte's, sharp-tailed, and Henslow's sparrows in Grant County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T11:01:20","indexId":"1001147","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2632,"text":"Loon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Le Conte's, sharp-tailed, and Henslow's sparrows in Grant County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Loon","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Igl, L., 1996, Le Conte's, sharp-tailed, and Henslow's sparrows in Grant County, Minnesota: Loon, v. 68, p. 127-128.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Igl, L.D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":13568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"L.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1002895,"text":"1002895 - 1996 - Determination of benzocaine in rainbow trout plasma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-27T13:00:20.268072","indexId":"1002895","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of benzocaine in rainbow trout plasma","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">A liquid chromatographic method is described for analysis of benzocaine (BZ), a proposed fish anesthetic, in rainbow trout plasma. Mean recoveries of BZ from plasma samples fortified at 44–10 100 ng/mL were 96–100%. The method detection limit is 10 ng/mL, and the limit of quantitation is 37 ng/mL. Acetylation of BZ occurs in whole blood after storage at room temperature (i.e., 21 °C) for 10 min. However, no acetylation of BZ was detected in plasma samples held at room temperature for 4 h. Mean method precision for plasma samples with incurred BZ residue is similar to that for fortified samples in the same concentration range (relative standard deviations of 0.9 and 1.2%, respectively).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/79.3.623","usgsCitation":"Bernardy, J.A., Coleman, K., Stehly, G., and Gingerich, W.H., 1996, Determination of benzocaine in rainbow trout plasma: Journal of AOAC International, v. 79, no. 3, p. 623-627, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.3.623.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"623","endPage":"627","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479062,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.3.623","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":131263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernardy, Jeffery A.","contributorId":84704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardy","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, K.S.","contributorId":42170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stehly, G. R.","contributorId":34081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gingerich, William H.","contributorId":36086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1017324,"text":"1017324 - 1996 - When is a teal not just a teal?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-06T01:01:41","indexId":"1017324","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1158,"text":"California Waterfowl Association Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"When is a teal not just a teal?","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Waterfowl Association Magazine","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Mazzilli, P., 1996, When is a teal not just a teal?: California Waterfowl Association Magazine, v. 23, no. 2.","productDescription":"p. 16","startPage":"16","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132899,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e4915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazzilli, P.","contributorId":45267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzilli","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002269,"text":"2002269 - 1996 - Evolution and management of the North-American grasslands herpetofauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2002269","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":71,"text":"Research Memorandum","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"RM-285","title":"Evolution and management of the North-American grasslands herpetofauna","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Scott, N., 1996, Evolution and management of the North-American grasslands herpetofauna: Research Memorandum RM-285.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f97e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, N.J. Jr.","contributorId":8407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"N.J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25732,"text":"wri954235 - 1996 - Real-time rainfall-runoff model of the Carraizo-reservoir basin in Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T21:06:28.412966","indexId":"wri954235","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4235","title":"Real-time rainfall-runoff model of the Carraizo-reservoir basin in Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954235","usgsCitation":"Sepulveda, N., Perez-Blair, F., DeLong, L.L., and Lopez Trujillo, D., 1996, Real-time rainfall-runoff model of the Carraizo-reservoir basin in Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4235, vii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954235.","productDescription":"vii, 112 p.","costCenters":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410225,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48319.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4235/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4235/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Carraizo-reservoir basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.125,\n              18.3306\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.125,\n              18.0781\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.8136,\n              18.0781\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.8136,\n              18.3306\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.125,\n              18.3306\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sepulveda, Nicasio 0000-0002-6333-1865 nsepul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-1865","contributorId":1454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Nicasio","email":"nsepul@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perez-Blair, Francisco","contributorId":102521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perez-Blair","given":"Francisco","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLong, L. L.","contributorId":44530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lopez Trujillo, Dianne","contributorId":54851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez Trujillo","given":"Dianne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2002124,"text":"2002124 - 1996 - The Arroyo Toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus): Ecology, Threats, Recovery Actions, and Research Needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2002124","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NBS/CSC-96-01","title":"The Arroyo Toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus): Ecology, Threats, Recovery Actions, and Research Needs","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","usgsCitation":"Campbell, L., Graham, T.B., Thibault, L., and Stine, P., 1996, The Arroyo Toad (Bufo microscaphus californicus): Ecology, Threats, Recovery Actions, and Research Needs: Technical Report NBS/CSC-96-01, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682aa2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, L.A.","contributorId":59905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, T. B.","contributorId":48923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thibault, L.P.","contributorId":31083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibault","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stine, P.A.","contributorId":64173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stine","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":2002256,"text":"2002256 - 1996 - Mourning dove nest success varied in the Sacramento Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2002256","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":35,"text":"Information Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"Mourning dove nest success varied in the Sacramento Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.R., and Stemler, C., 1996, Mourning dove nest success varied in the Sacramento Valley, California: Information Bulletin 9.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698d02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M. R.","contributorId":19104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stemler, C.L.","contributorId":88679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stemler","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185836,"text":"70185836 - 1996 - Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:20:38","indexId":"70185836","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill","docAbstract":"<p><span>After the 1989 </span><i><span>Exxon Valdez</span></i><span> oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, we studied pigeon guillemots </span><i><span>Cepphus columba</span></i><span> breeding just 30 km from the grounding site. The postspill population was 43% smaller than the prespill population, but we could not attribute the entire decline to the spill because a decline in this guillemot population may have predated the spill. However, relative declines in the population were greater along oiled shorelines, suggesting that the spill was responsible for some of the decline. Reproduction appeared largely unaffected, but the cryptic nature of guillemot nests undoubtedly reduced our ability to detect failed nests. Nesting success was lower, but the apparent cause-greater losses of chicks to predators-was not obviously related to the spill. Fledging weight and growth rates of chicks and the rate at which adults delivered food to their chicks were not lower after the spill. The most likely explanation for the few effects observed is that oil was present on the surface waters of the study area for a relatively short period before the guillemots returned to begin their annual reproductive activities.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Oakley, K.L., and Kuletz, K.J., 1996, Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the <i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill, <i>in</i> American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 759-769.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"769","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Naked Island, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147.66311645507812,\n              60.51066727194594\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.24975585937497,\n              60.51066727194594\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.24975585937497,\n              60.755805188865246\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.66311645507812,\n              60.755805188865246\n            ],\n            [\n              -147.66311645507812,\n              60.51066727194594\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686870,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686871,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686872,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001122,"text":"1001122 - 1996 - Trophic analysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior Coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:00:49.635626","indexId":"1001122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic analysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior Coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>We examined the trophic roles of two nonindigenous species, ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>) and white perch (<i>Morone americana</i>), in the food web of a western Lake Superior coastal wetland, using stable isotope techniques. The δ<sup>15</sup>N signature of ruffe was similar to published values for YOY yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>), and intermediate to those of white sucker (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>), a ben-thivore, and alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>), a planktivore. Ruffe of all sizes sampled had an approximately 4%c enrichment in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N over published values for benthos, and a 3%c<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N enrichment over values for plankton. A 3–4%c difference is consistent with commonly reported shifts in 5<sup>I5</sup>N signature between food and prey. These results suggest that ruffe in this food web feed on both benthos and plankton. White perch undergo ontogenetic shifts in nitrogen isotope signatures similar to those reported earlier for yellow perch, and appear to become piscivorous by the time they are 25 cm long. Our data suggest that interactions between ruffe and yellow perch could represent a competitive bottleneck. If yellow perch are able to grow large enough to become piscivorous, they should be able to escape competition with ruffe. In contrast, white perch appear to have the potential to compete with yellow perch throughout their lives.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70968-1","usgsCitation":"Sierszen, M., Keough, J., and Hagley, C., 1996, Trophic analysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior Coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 436-443, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70968-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"443","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6243b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sierszen, M.E.","contributorId":97849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierszen","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keough, J.R.","contributorId":87880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagley, C.A.","contributorId":25509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagley","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184587,"text":"70184587 - 1996 - Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:22:11","indexId":"70184587","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured forage intake, digestibility, and retention time for 11 free-ranging, human-imprinted lesser snow geese (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) as they consumed underground stembases of tall cotton-grass (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Eriophorum angustifolium</i><span>) on an arctic staging area in northeastern Alaska. Geese fed in small patches (<i>x̄</i></span><span>=21.5 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of forage that made up ≤3% of the study area and consisted of high-quality “aquatic graminoid” and intermediate-quality “wet sedge” vegetation types. Dominant geese spent more time feeding in aquatic graminoid areas (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span>=0.61), but less total time feeding and more time resting than subdominant geese. Subdominant geese were displaced to areas of wet sedge where cotton-grass was a smaller proportion of underground biomass. Geese metabolized an average of 48% of the organic matter in stembases and there was a positive correlation between dominance and organic matter metabolizability (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span>=0.61). Total mean retention time of forage was 1.37 h and dry matter intake was 14.3 g/h. Snow geese that stage on the coastal plain of the Beaufort Sea likely use an extensive area because they consume a large mass of forage and exploit habitats that are patchily distributed and make up a small percentage of the landscape. Individual variation in nutrient absorption may result from agonistic interactions in an environment where resources are heterogeneously distributed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00334646","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., White, R.G., Sedinger, J.S., and Robertson, D.G., 1996, Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity: Oecologia, v. 108, no. 2, p. 232-240, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334646.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c947e4b0f37a93ee9b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Robert G.","contributorId":181759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70180277,"text":"70180277 - 1996 - Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:58:17","indexId":"70180277","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C","docAbstract":"<p>Not abstract available</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Counihan, T., Miller, A.I., Morgan, M., and Gallion, D., 1996, Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1979e4b0ad67323f982a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, M.N.","contributorId":178689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallion, D.","contributorId":178690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallion","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70178243,"text":"70178243 - 1996 - Dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>) from Texas: Rabies and pesticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:03:16","indexId":"70178243","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>) from Texas: Rabies and pesticide exposure","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty-three dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats from roosts in downtown Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Texas, were tested for rabies and for anticholinesterase (antiChE) effects of or- ganophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides. Seventeen of the 23 bats tested positive for rabies. The cause of death or dying in five of the nonrabid bats is unknown; however, one of the six nonrabid bats had a ChE activity level equivalent to only 27% of the control mean and may have been exposed to a pes- ticide. Three bats (including the bat with depressed ChE) contained sufficient ingesta to analyze for an- tiChE compounds, but no antiChE compounds could be identified in the samples. Exposure may be dermal and pulmonary as well as dietary. It is feasible that other bat deaths not explained by rabies were attributable to a pesticide but missed due to postmortem reactivation of the ChE enzyme. The largest group of rabid bats was young males (13 of 17, 76.5%), and the largest group of nonrabid bats was older females (3 of 6, 50%). All older females were nonrabid, perhaps survivors of the disease in previous years. Rabid bats had a lower mean fat index and weighed less than nonrabid bats. Four bats (not includ- ing the low ChE bat) showed external bleeding, and none was rabid; thus the incidence of bleeding was greater among nonrabid bats than among rabid bats. The four affected bats came from roosts in three different buildings, making a roost-treatment with an anticoagulant chemical seem unlikely. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Lollar, A., and Cowman, D., 1996, Dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>) from Texas: Rabies and pesticide exposure: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 41, no. 3, p. 275-278.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23ce4b0ef3123a9703c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Donald R. Jr.","contributorId":95938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lollar, Amanda","contributorId":8606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowman, Deborah","contributorId":141221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowman","given":"Deborah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13715,"text":"Brazos Natural History Museum; U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70185156,"text":"70185156 - 1996 - Allocation of limited reserves to a clutch: A model explaining the lack of a relationship between clutch size and egg size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T13:35:37","indexId":"70185156","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allocation of limited reserves to a clutch: A model explaining the lack of a relationship between clutch size and egg size","docAbstract":"<p>Lack (1967, 1968) proposed that clutch size in waterfowl is limited by the nutrients available to females when producing eggs. He suggested that if nutrients available for clutch formation are limited, then species producing small eggs would, on average, lay more eggs than species with large eggs. Rohwer (1988) argues that this model should also apply within species. Thus, the nutrition-limitation hypothesis predicts a tradeoff among females between clutch size and egg size (Rohwer 1988). Field studies of single species consistently have failed to detect a negative relationship between clutch size and egg size (Rohwer 1988, Lessells et al. 1992, Rohwer and Eisenhauer 1989, Flint and Sedinger 1992, Flint and Grand 1996). The absence of such a relationship within species has been regarded as evidence against the hypothesis that nutrient availability limits clutch size (Rohwer 1988, 1991, 1992; Rohwer and Eisenhauer 1989).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/4088875","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Grand, J.B., and Sedinger, J.S., 1996, Allocation of limited reserves to a clutch: A model explaining the lack of a relationship between clutch size and egg size: The Auk, v. 113, no. 4, p. 939-942, https://doi.org/10.2307/4088875.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"939","endPage":"942","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52ffe4b0849ce97c8754","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70186269,"text":"70186269 - 1996 - Activity and feeding of ovigerous Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:10:48","indexId":"70186269","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Activity and feeding of ovigerous Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The activity and feeding behavior of ovigerous Dungeness crabs, <i>Cancer magister</i>, were examined as part of a long-term study. Part of this study surveyed Bartlett Cove in Glacier Bay, Alaska, during the spring of 1994 where 50 commercial pots were soaked for 24 hours. Catch per unit effort (CPUE), dispersion, and stomach samples of male, nonovigerous female, and ovigerous female crabs were compared. A laboratory experiment compared feeding rate, foraging response, and survival between starved and fed ovigerous and nonovigerous crabs over a six-month winter period (December 1994-May 1995).</p><p>CPUE differed significantly for crabs of different reproductive groups caught in pots during the spring 1994 survey in Bartlett Cove (ANOVA, P&lt; 0.01). CPUE averaged 3.7 ± 0.5 (standard error) for males, 1.3 ± 0.3 for nonovigerous females, and 0.4 ± 0.1 for ovigerous females. Male and nonovigerous female Dungeness crabs were homogeneously dispersed throughout the pot transect area; however, ovigerous crabs were aggregated. A significant difference in dry weight of stomach contents and stomach fullness between reproductive groups existed.</p><p>Ovigerous females had significantly lower feeding rates than nonovigerous females in the laboratory (two way ANOVA, P&lt; 0.01). The foraging responses of ovigerous crabs were significantly lower in comparison to nonovigerous females (Mann-Whitney U test, P&lt; 0.01). Seasonal differences were also found for foraging within the two groups over the course of the study period (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, P&lt; O.OI). No mortality occurred in treatments of fed and starved ovigerous and nonovigerous crabs over the six-month experiment, demonstrating Dungeness crabs can survive overwinter without feeding in laboratory conditions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Biology, Management, and Economics of Crabs from High Latitude Habitats: Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium","conferenceDate":"October 11-13, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Sea Grant College Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","isbn":"1-56612-039-X","usgsCitation":"Schultz, D.A., Shirley, T.C., O’Clair, C.E., and Taggart, S.J., 1996, Activity and feeding of ovigerous Dungeness crabs in Glacier Bay, Alaska, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the international symposium on biology, management, and economics of crabs from high latitude habitats: Lowell Wakefield fisheries symposium, Anchorage, AK, October 11-13, 1995, p. 411-424.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"411","endPage":"424","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339049,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/AK-SG-96-02.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier bay","publicComments":"Larger Work is Alaska Sea Grant College Program report no. 96-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, Deborah A.","contributorId":190295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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