Atmospheric dust deposited to snow cover (dust-on-snow) diminishes snow-surface albedo (SSA) to result in early onset and accelerated rate of melting, effects that challenge management of downstream water resources. During ongoing investigations to identify the light-energy absorbing dust particles most responsible for diminished SSA in the Upper Colorado River Basin of the Colorado Rocky Mountains, we found microplastic particles, which are defined as those less than 5 millimeters in any dimension. In each of the 38 samples that represented the last remaining dust layer during melt seasons of 2013–16, microplastics were identified by size, shape, and color, and their relative amounts were visually estimated using stereomicroscopy. Considering the remote, high-elevation settings of the sample sites, the microplastic particles must have been deposited from the atmosphere. The possible role of microplastics for diminishing SSA of snow cover in the Upper Colorado River Basin may be linked to the solar-energy absorptive properties of polymers and is the subject of ongoing investigation.
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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
Hurricane Maria struck the island of Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017, as a Category 4 storm. The hurricane traversed the island from southeast to northwest and produced recorded 48-hour rainfall totals of up to 30.01 inches. Estimates of the human death toll range from 2,975 to 4,645, possibly more.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologic monitoring network sustained substantial wind and flood damage during the hurricane. Eighty-five of the 300 hydrologic monitoring stations operating in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands prior to the passage of Hurricane Maria were destroyed or damaged. During the weeks and months after the hurricane, USGS field crews in Puerto Rico prioritized repair of the hydrologic monitoring network and collected hydrologic information to characterize the magnitude of observed peak streamflows at 20 streamgage and to develop new theoretical stage-streamflow relations for 58 streamgages where stream channels were substantially altered; the theoretical stage-streamflow relations were used to estimate Hurricane Maria peak streamflows for 39 of those sites. As part of a pilot program, USGS field crews installed continuous slope-area monitoring equipment at two remote streamgages to automate the collection of high-streamflow stage data.
Hurricane Maria peak streamflows and rankings were determined for 73 USGS streamgages in Puerto Rico. New rank 1 period-of-record peak streamflows occurred at 28 sites, rank 2 period-of-record peak streamflows occurred at 17 sites, and rank 3 period-of-record peak streamflows occurred at 9 sites; period-of-record peak streamflows at the remaining 19 sites either ranked from 4th to 20th or were not ranked. Annual exceedance probabilities for 53 unregulated peak streamflows ranged from greater than 50.0 percent (recurrence interval of less than 2 years) to 0.3 percent (recurrence interval of 333 years), with the majority (28 of 53) in the range of 10.0–2.1 percent (recurrence intervals of 10–48 years).
A comparison of period-of-record ranks for the largest flood events that have occurred in Puerto Rico since the 1960s indicated that Hurricane Maria produced more record peak streamflows than either Hurricane Hortense in 1996 or Hurricane Georges in 1998. Limited pre-1960s hydrologic data preclude quantitative comparison with earlier storms.
As part of this study, a maximum peak-streamflow envelope curve for Puerto Rico was developed using historical peak-streamflow information available through 2017. Other post-Hurricane Maria USGS activities summarized in this report include (1) Global Navigation Satellite System surveys at all stations in the USGS hydrologic monitoring network, used to tie the network to the Puerto Rico Vertical Datum of 2002; and (2) telemetered monitoring of the Lago Guajataca Dam in northwestern Puerto Rico, which was damaged and at risk of failure from October to December 2017.
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U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
As humans increasingly dominate the nitrogen cycle, deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) will continue to have adverse consequences for ecosystems. In the Rocky Mountains, Nr deposition remains elevated and has become increasingly dominated by ammonium, despite efforts to reduce emissions. Currently, spatial models of Nr deposition do not fully account for urban and agricultural emissions, sources that contribute to the observed high rates of ammonium deposition in adjacent ecosystems. To address this gap in the Colorado Front Range, we measured Nr deposition along a transect from urban and agricultural plains to subalpine forests. We found elevated values of wet Nr deposition at the urban and foothill sites (4.7 and 4.4 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively), and lower values at the montane and subalpine sites (2.5–2.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Ammonium dominated wet and bulk Nr deposition, accounting for approximately 69% of bulk Nr deposition. Seasonally, bulk Nr deposition was highest in the spring months, when air masses from the plains are transported west into the mountains. Previous work has demonstrated that high elevations of the Colorado Front Range are especially sensitive to Nr deposition due to thin soil and minimal vegetation. Our results indicate that despite lower precipitation, the fire-prone forested foothills receive even greater Nr deposition than higher elevations, due to proximity to urban and agricultural Nr sources. The interaction between elevated Nr deposition and wildfire in this region may pose a risk to water supplies and ecosystems, and is an important topic for future research.
The Lucerne Valley is in the southwestern part of the Mojave Desert and is about 75 miles northeast of Los Angeles, California. The Lucerne Valley groundwater basin encompasses about 230 square miles and is separated from the Upper Mojave Valley groundwater basin by splays of the Helendale Fault. Since its settlement, groundwater has been the primary source of water for agricultural, industrial, municipal, and domestic uses. Groundwater withdrawal from pumping has exceeded the amount of water recharged to the basin, causing groundwater declines of more than 100 feet between 1917 and 2016 in the center of the basin. The continued withdrawal has resulted in an increase in pumping costs, reduced well efficiency, and land subsidence near Lucerne Lake. Although the volume of pumping has declined in recent years, there is concern that new agricultural growth and limits on imported water will continue to strain the sustainability of the groundwater system.
To address these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative agreement with the Mojave Water Agency to develop a better understanding of the Lucerne Valley hydrogeologic system and provide tools to help evaluate and manage the effects of future development in the Lucerne Valley. The objectives of this study were to (1) improve the understanding of the aquifer system, (2) improve the understanding of subsidence in the basin, and (3) incorporate the understanding into a groundwater-flow model that can be used to help manage the groundwater resources in the Lucerne Valley. The model developed for this study covers the period of 1942–2016 and can help evaluate various proposed water-management scenarios during different climatic and hydrologic conditions.
The aquifer system consists of a shallow aquifer, a confining unit, and middle and lower aquifers. These layered water-bearing units were identified based on geologic units of the mostly unconsolidated sediments and hydrologic properties. These alluvial deposits consist of clay, silt, sand, and gravel; some places also contain clay and silty clay lacustrine deposits. Several faults act, at least in part, as barriers to groundwater flow on the eastern, southern, and western edges of the basin. Present-day natural recharge is primarily from the infiltration of runoff from the San Bernardino Mountains to the south; however, stable and radioactive isotopes show that groundwater from the middle of the Lucerne Valley was older than about 10,000 years and probably was recharged as infiltration from streams draining the mountains in the Mojave Desert to the north, which probably does not occur under present-day climatic conditions. The annual average natural recharge for 1942–2016, estimated by a Basin Characterization Model, was about 635 acre-feet per year; the average amount of treated wastewater effluent transferred to the Lucerne Valley for artificial recharge annually ranged from about 1,500 to 4,000 acre-feet per year during 1980–2016. Pumpage estimates for 1942–2016 ranged from about 3,000 acre-feet in 1942 to about 18,300 acre-feet in 1984. The total cumulative amount of groundwater removed from the basin by pumping between 1942 and 2016 was estimated to be about 700,000 acre-feet, which was about 10 times greater than the cumulative amount of recharge to the entire Lucerne Valley groundwater basin. Before groundwater development, the direction of groundwater flow was from the southern part of the basin northward to discharge areas near Lucerne Lake, where it discharged through springs along the Helendale Fault and by evapotranspiration. Since the early 1900s, groundwater-level declines have mostly eliminated the areas where natural discharge occurred and exceeded 100 feet in the middle of the basin between the early 1950s and mid-1990s, and as much as 25 feet near the margins from about the mid-1950s to 2000s. A decrease in the rate of pumping after the mid-1990s lessened the hydraulic stress on the middle and lower aquifers and enabled hydraulic heads in the middle of the basin to recover slightly as groundwater near the margins of the basin moved toward the pumping depression. Although trends in groundwater levels in the center of the basin have reversed since the mid-1990s, levels at the basin margins continue to decline as the movement of groundwater from the margins fills the pumping depression and gradually flattens the groundwater table throughout the basin.
The long-term extraction of groundwater and associated dewatering of the fine-grained sediments present within the aquifer system has resulted in aquifer compaction and consequently land subsidence, primarily near Lucerne Lake. Analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar data shows that almost 11 inches of land subsidence has occurred south of Lucerne Lake between April 1992 and November 2009; less subsidence occurred elsewhere in the basin during this period. This differential land subsidence has caused fissures and cracks in the ground surface, which have buckled the pavement and undercut roads in several locations.
The Lucerne Valley Hydrologic Model was developed using the finite-difference groundwater modeling software One Water Hydrologic Model to represent the hydrologic conditions and stresses during 1942–2016. The model has a uniform grid of approximately 92 acres per cell (2,000 feet by 2,000 feet) and has four layers representing the water-bearing units. The results from the calibrated model simulations indicated that groundwater pumpage exceeded recharge, resulting in an estimated net cumulative depletion of groundwater storage (discharge minus recharge) of about 465,000 acre-feet from 1942 to 2016. The model simulated as much as 7.5 feet (90 inches; 2,286 millimeters) of aquifer compaction, which indicates the extensive fine-grained deposits and measured subsidence near Lucerne Lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mojave Water Agency","usgsCitation":"Stamos, C.L., Larsen, J.D., Powell, R.E., Matti, J.C., and Martin, P., 2022, Hydrogeology and simulation of groundwater flow in the Lucerne Valley groundwater basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022-5048, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225048.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 120 p.; Appendix; Data Release","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-095487","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":403187,"rank":8,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221063","text":"Open-File Report 2022-1063","description":"Fackrell, J.K., 2022, Groundwater quality of the Lucerne Valley groundwater basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022-1063, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221063.","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater Quality of the Lucerne Valley Groundwater Basin, California"},{"id":402644,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P94W41EL","text":"MODFLOW-OWHM model used to simulate groundwater flow and evaluate storage in the Lucerne Valley Groundwater Basin, California","description":"Larsen, J.D., 2022, MODFLOW-OWHM model used to simulate groundwater flow and evaluate storage in the Lucerne Valley Groundwater Basin, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94W41EL."},{"id":402643,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5048/sir20225048_appendix1.txt","text":"Appendix 1","size":"27 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"linkHelpText":"- Sites with groundwater-level data available on the U. S. Geological Survey National Water Inventory System Web service (NWISWeb) from 1911-2016 within the Lucerne Valley, California"},{"id":402641,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5048/sir20225048.xml"},{"id":402640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5048/sir20225048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5048"},{"id":402639,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5048/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":402695,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225048/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5048"},{"id":402642,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5048/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lucerne Valley Groundwater Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.666667,\n 34.266667\n ],\n [\n -117.083333,\n 34.266667\n ],\n [\n -117.083333,\n 34.666667\n ],\n [\n -116.666667,\n 34.666667\n ],\n [\n -116.666667,\n 34.266667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) are long-lived, late-maturing, benthic-feeding fish that are ideal candidates for assessing the bioaccumulation of persistent chemicals. In this study, composite tissue samples of brain, liver, gonad, and fillet were collected from white sturgeon in 2009 from five sites in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River near Hanford, Washington. The composite tissue samples at each site were analyzed for the concentrations of individual chemicals as well as the total concentrations of four chemical classes: (1) organochlorine (OC) pesticides, (2) industrial or personal care products, (3) polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, and (4) polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners. The results showed that chemicals from all four classes were present in the fish, and that OC pesticides and degradation products (such as oxychlordane, fipronil sulfide, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) degradates, PBDE congeners, and PCB congeners) often were present in all tissues and at all sites. Gonad tissues generally had the highest total concentration of each chemical class, followed by brains, livers, and fillets. The concentrations of several chemicals or chemical classes exceeded many of the human health benchmarks for two different populations (general/recreational consumers and subsistence/Tribal consumers), and this was especially true for the total concentrations of DDT degradation products and PCB congeners. These results suggest that continued monitoring of resident fish in the Hanford Reach, as well as assessments of the health impacts on consumers of those fish, are warranted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20225020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Payne, S.E., Wise, D.R., Davis, J.W., and Nilsen, E.B., 2022, Assessment of persistent chemicals of concern in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River, southeastern Washington, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2022–5020, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20225020.","productDescription":"vii, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-113471","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5020/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":402579,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5020/images"},{"id":402580,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5020/sir20225020.XML"},{"id":402578,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5020/sir20225020.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2022-5020"},{"id":402624,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20225020/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2022-5020"},{"id":502374,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113220.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 46.95776134668866\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 46.95776134668866\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 46.13417004624326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
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In this study we examine the potential effects of three predicted sea level rise (SLR) scenarios on the nearshore eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) and surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) spawning habitats along a beach on Bainbridge Island, Washington. Baseline bathymetric, geomorphological, and biological surveys were conducted to determine the existing conditions at the study site. The results of these surveys were coupled with a predictive model that estimates SLR-induced changes to coastal ecosystems based upon local topography and land-cover data. This model simulates the changes in nearshore habitat through time. The model inputs for SLR are probable values reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and by user-defined values. The predicted effects of SLR are presented as (1) habitat type change and (2) the graphic response of developed dry land depicting the influence of shoreline armoring. This report describes the geophysical and biological characteristics at the Bainbridge Island study site, the modeling methods used to produce depictions of habitat changes, and a possible decrease in surf smelt spawning and an increase in eelgrass habitat availability in response to increases in sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20221054","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., and Liedtke, T.L., 2022, Potential effects of sea level rise on nearshore habitat availability for surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus) and eelgrass (Zostera marina), Puget Sound, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2022–1054, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221054.","productDescription":"Report: v, 17 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117971","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HGJ3ZH","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release.","linkHelpText":"Data collected in 2010 to evaluate habitat availability for surf smelt and eelgrass in response to sea level rise on Bainbridge Island, Puget Sound, Washington State, USA"},{"id":402572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1054/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":402573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1054/ofr20221054.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2022-1054"},{"id":402619,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221054/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2022-1054"},{"id":402575,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1054/images"},{"id":402576,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2022/1054/ofr20221054.XML"},{"id":501780,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.6678466796875,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -122.23937988281251,\n 47.487513008956554\n ],\n [\n -122.23937988281251,\n 47.964180715412276\n ],\n [\n -122.6678466796875,\n 47.964180715412276\n ],\n [\n -122.6678466796875,\n 47.487513008956554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Land cover maps are essential for characterizing the biophysical properties of the Earth’s land areas. Because land cover information synthesizes a rich array of information related to both the ecological condition of land areas and their exploitation by humans, they are widely used for basic and applied research that requires information related to land surface properties (e.g., terrestrial carbon models, water balance models, weather, and climate models) and are core inputs to models and analyses used by natural resource scientists and land managers. As the Earth’s global population has grown over the last several decades rates of land cover change have increased dramatically, with enormous impacts on ecosystem services (e.g., biodiversity, water supply, carbon sequestration, etc.). Hence, accurate information related to land cover is essential for both managing natural resources and for understanding society’s ecological, biophysical, and resource management footprint. To address the need for high-quality land cover information we are using the global record of Landsat observations to compile annual maps of global land cover from 2001 to 2020 at 30 m spatial resolution. To create these maps we use features derived from time series of Landsat imagery in combination with ancillary geospatial data and a large database of training sites to classify land cover at annual time step. The algorithm that we apply uses temporal segmentation to identify periods with stable land cover that are separated by breakpoints in the time series. Here we provide an overview of the methods and data sets we are using to create global maps of land cover. We describe the algorithms used to create these maps and the core land cover data sets that we are creating through this effort, and we summarize our approach to accuracy assessment. We also present a synthesis of early results and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of our early map products and the challenges that we have encountered in creating global land cover data sets from Landsat. Initial accuracy assessment for North America shows good overall accuracy (77.0 ± 2.0% correctly classified) and 79.8% agreement with the European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover product. The land cover mapping results we report provide the foundation for robust, repeatable, and accurate mapping of global land cover and land cover change across multiple decades at 30 m spatial resolution from Landsat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers Media","doi":"10.3389/frsen.2022.894571","usgsCitation":"Friedl, M.A., Woodcock, C.E., Olofsson, P., Zhu, Z., Loveland, T., Stanimirova, R., Arevalo, P., Bullock, E.L., Hu, K., Zhang, Y., Turlej, K., Tarrio, K., Kristina, M., Gorelick, N., Wang, J.A., Barber, C., and Souza Jr., C., 2022, Medium spatial resolution mapping of global land cover and land cover change across multiple decades from Landsat: Frontiers in Remote Sensing, v. 3, 894571, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.894571.","productDescription":"894571, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-142442","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frsen.2022.894571","text":"Publisher Index 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Pontus","contributorId":131007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olofsson","given":"Pontus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7208,"text":"Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zhu, Zhe 0000-0003-4716-2309","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-2309","contributorId":272038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhe","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":337044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas R.","affiliations":[{"id":7248,"text":"emeritus USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanimirova, Radost","contributorId":337045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanimirova","given":"Radost","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80956,"text":"University of Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Arevalo, Paulo","contributorId":337046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arevalo","given":"Paulo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80956,"text":"University of Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bullock, Eric L. 0000-0003-3279-6771","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3279-6771","contributorId":224710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bullock","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":40922,"text":"Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hu, Kai-Ting","contributorId":337047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Kai-Ting","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80956,"text":"University of Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zhang, Yingtong","contributorId":337048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Yingtong","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80956,"text":"University of Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Turlej, Konrad","contributorId":337049,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turlej","given":"Konrad","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":78943,"text":"Jagiellonian University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tarrio, Katelyn","contributorId":337050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tarrio","given":"Katelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80956,"text":"University of Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kristina, McAvoy","contributorId":337051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kristina","given":"McAvoy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80956,"text":"University of Boston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Gorelick, Noel","contributorId":294417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Noel","affiliations":[{"id":12484,"text":"Google","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wang, Jonathan A.","contributorId":337052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6976,"text":"University of California, Irvine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Barber, Christopher P. 0000-0003-0570-1140","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-1140","contributorId":223102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Christopher","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":901852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Souza Jr., Carlos","contributorId":337053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Souza Jr.","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[{"id":80958,"text":"IMAZON","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":901853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70232344,"text":"70232344 - 2022 - Biofilms in the Critical Zone: Distribution and mediation of processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-28T13:30:54.444935","indexId":"70232344","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-28T08:24:40","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Biofilms in the Critical Zone: Distribution and mediation of processes","docAbstract":"Microbial biofilms occur in all levels of the Critical Zone (CZ); they are on and in the vegetation, throughout the soil-saprolite zone, and along fractures in deep subsurface. Here we discuss biofilms in each level of the CZ with a focus in the soil-saprolite continuum. We show how scanning electron microscope (SEM) images provide an appropriate scale to explore microbe mineral interactions in the CZ and can be used without extensive sample preparation. Through SEM imaging, we show that biofilms weather primary minerals, that macropores and fractures are hotspots of biofilm development, that biologic precipitation of short-range-order minerals (SROs) occurs in biofilms, and that biofilms are important in the process of organic matter stabilization.","largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry of the Critical Zone","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-95921-0_4","usgsCitation":"Schulz, M., and Manies, K.L., 2022, Biofilms in the Critical Zone: Distribution and mediation of processes, chap. 4 of Biogeochemistry of the Critical Zone, p. 89-119, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95921-0_4.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"119","ipdsId":"IP-105346","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402593,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Critical Zone, Earth","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wymore, Adam S.","contributorId":243438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wymore","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12667,"text":"University of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845300,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yang, Wendy H.","contributorId":292622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yang","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845301,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Silver, Whendee L.","contributorId":80998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"Whendee L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845302,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDowell, William H.","contributorId":97233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845303,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chorover, Jon 0000-0001-9497-0195","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-0195","contributorId":139472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chorover","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":845304,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Marjorie S. 0000-0001-5597-6447 mschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5597-6447","contributorId":3720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Marjorie S.","email":"mschulz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manies, Kristen L. 0000-0003-4941-9657 kmanies@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-9657","contributorId":2136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manies","given":"Kristen","email":"kmanies@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232351,"text":"70232351 - 2022 - Asking nicely: Best practices for requesting data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-29T12:37:39.400674","indexId":"70232351","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-28T07:35:37","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asking nicely: Best practices for requesting data","docAbstract":"Compiling disparate datasets into publicly available composite databases helps natural resource communities explore ecological trends and effectively manage across spatiotemporal scales. Though some studies have reported on the database construction phase, fewer have evaluated the data acquisition and distribution process. To facilitate future data sharing collaborations, Louisiana State University surveyed data providers and requestors to understand the characteristics of effective data requests and sharing. Data providers were largely U.S. natural resource agency personnel, and they reported that unclear data requests, privacy issues, and rigid timelines and formats were the greatest barriers toward providing data, but that they were motivated by improving science and collaboration. Data requestors identified challenges such as evolving needs, standardization issues, and insufficient resources (time and funding) as barriers to compiling data for these types of efforts. In a time of big data, open access, and collaboration, significant scientific advances can be made with effective requests and inclusion of data sets into larger and more powerful databases.
The range of 187Re/188Os values measured from samples of five organic-rich lacustrine mudstones units in the Eocene Green River Formation in the easternmost Uinta Basin covaries with organic matter diversity driven by changing water column conditions. A set of samples from the Douglas Creek Member has the highest pristane/phytane ratio and lowest β-carotane/n-C30 ratio compared to overlying units, indicating deposition in an oxic-anoxic environment with low salinity that would have allowed for the accumulation of a diverse assemblage of aquatic organisms. These samples define the broadest 187Re/188Os range of 1504. In contrast, samples from the R6 and Mahogany zones possess lower pristane/phytane ratios and higher β-carotane/n-C30 ratios indicating deposition in a more restricted lacustrine environment with elevated salinities and alkalinities that would have limited aquatic organic matter diversity. The R6 and Mahogany zones have the narrowest range of 187Re/188Os values measured in this study of 254.9 and 154.6, respectively. As noted by previous workers, these results suggest that organic matter diversity plays a primary role in determining the range of 187Re/188Os ratios in a sample set, and in turn the uncertainty of Re-Os age determinations from organic-rich sedimentary rocks.
The Re-Os data from the R3 zone and R6 zone yield ages of 49.7 ± 3.4 Ma and 42.0 ± 18 Ma, respectively, which are statistically indistinguishable based on 2σ uncertainty from three previously reported Re-Os age determinations and those provided by 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of interbedded volcanic ash beds. Although the age uncertainty is high, these findings further highlight the importance of Re-Os geochronology in lacustrine basins, particularly those with thick mudstone successions that lack volcanic ash layers, reliable biostratigraphy, or magnetostratigraphic control. In these cases, even ages with large uncertainties can be useful to constrain burial history and thermal history models.
Together, the initial 187Os/188Os ratios of five sets of samples analyzed from the Uinta Basin define the largest Os isotope stratigraphic record from any lacustrine basin compiled to date and record a shift from a value of 1.40 to 1.48 between the R3 and R4 zones in the lower part of the Parachute Creek Member. This small shift may signify a change in the chemical weathering products that entered the lake preserved 20 to 50 m above the contact between the Douglas Creek and the lower Parachute Creek members during a period when the basin transitioned from a shallow lake with mostly open hydrology to an alkaline lake with more frequent basin restrictions.
The need to balance economic development with impacts to Arctic wildlife has been a prominent subject since petroleum exploration began on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, in the late 1950s. The North Slope region includes polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea subpopulation, which has experienced a long-term decline in abundance. Pregnant polar bears dig dens in snow drifts during winter and are vulnerable to disturbance, as den abandonment and mortality of neonates may result. Maternal denning coincides with the peak season of petroleum exploration and construction, raising concerns that human activities may disrupt denning. To minimize disturbance of denning polar bears, aerial infrared (AIR) surveys are routinely used to search for dens within planned industry activity areas and that information is used to implement mitigation. Aerial infrared surveys target the heat signature emanating from dens. Despite use by industry for >15 years, the efficacy of AIR and the factors that impact its ability to detect dens remains uncertain. Here, we evaluate AIR using artificial dens and observers naïve to locations to estimate detection probability and its relationship with covariates including weather variables, den characteristics, infrared sensor and altitude, and survey order to identify potential evidence of in-flight observer learning occurring between surveys. In December 2019 we constructed 14 dens (each with an artificial heat source), and 11 control sites (disturbed sites without dens). Between December 2019 and January 2020, 3 survey crews flew 6 independent AIR surveys within the vicinity of dens and control sites and video-recorded AIR imagery. Observers identified putative dens either in flight or during post-flight review of recordings. We assessed detection probability with a simple Bayesian model using 3 subsets of data: 1) all detection/non-detection data; 2) detection/non-detection data restricted to instances where sample sites were confirmed to have been properly scanned by AIR during post-study verification (i.e., when den locations were known); and 3) all dens visible on the recorded imagery during post-study verification, even if they were not seen during the survey or during post-flight review. Subsets 1 and 2 most closely resembled den surveys flown for oil and gas industry and had detection probabilities of 0.15 (95% CI = 0.08–0.23) and 0.24 (95% CI = 0.13–0.37), respectively. Detection probability was 0.41 (95% CI = 0.25–0.58) for subset 3. Higher wind speeds and larger den volume negatively influenced detection probability. Our low detection rate compared to previous studies could partially be the result of differences in study design, such as survey flight patterns. Our results suggest that AIR, as it is currently used, is unlikely to detect most polar bear dens in surveyed areas. Resource managers who use AIR should consider a suite of additional methods (e.g., habitat mapping, probabilistic den distribution, AIR methodology improvements) for minimizing impacts of industry on denning polar bears.
An analysis of the potential for deposits of critical minerals and elements in Maine presented here includes data and discussions for antimony, beryllium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, graphite, lithium, manganese, niobium, platinum group elements, rhenium, rare earth elements, tin, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, tungsten, and zirconium. Deposits are divided into two groups based on geological settings and common ore-deposit terminology. One group consists of known deposits (sediment-hosted manganese, volcanogenic massive sulphide, porphyry copper-molybdenum, mafic- and ultramafic-hosted nickel-copper [-cobalt-platinum group elements], pegmatitic lithium-cesium-tantalum) that are in most cases relatively large, well-documented, and have been explored extensively in the past. The second, and much larger group of different minerals and elements, comprises small deposits, prospects, and occurrences that are minimally explored or unexplored. The qualitative assessment used in this study relies on three key criteria: (1) the presence of known deposits, prospects, or mineral occurrences; (2) favourable geologic settings for having certain deposit types based on current ore deposit models; and (3) geochemical anomalies in rocks or stream sediments, including panned concentrates. Among 20 different deposit types considered herein, a high resource potential is assigned only to three: (1) sediment-hosted manganese, (2) mafic- and ultramafic-hosted nickel-copper(-cobalt-platinum group elements), and (3) pegmatitic lithium-cesium-tantalum. Moderate potential is assigned to 11 other deposit types, including: (1) porphyry copper-molybdenum (-rhenium, selenium, tellurium, bismuth, platinum group elements); (2) chromium in ophiolites; (3) platinum group elements in ophiolitic ultramafic rocks; (4) granite-hosted uranium-thorium; (5) tin in granitic plutons and veins; (6) niobium, tantalum, and rare earth elements in alkaline intrusions; (7) tungsten and bismuth in polymetallic veins; (8) vanadium in black shales; (9) antimony in orogenic veins and replacements; (10) tellurium in epithermal deposits; and (11) uranium in peat.
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Their populations have declined for over a century due to many factors including coastal development, nest predation, pet trade and drowning in crab traps. Without action, terrapin populations will continue to decline. 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The success of littoral spawning fishes depends on the timing and variability of water levels. The onset of drought between 2017 and 2018 provided an opportunity to evaluate the timing of hatch dates and relative abundance of young-of-year Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides across two water years of varying water temperatures and water levels in a southwestern U.S. reservoir. A retrospective analysis of otoliths in young-of-year Largemouth Bass revealed similar hatch dates in 2017 (14 April–29 May) and 2018 (13 April–28 May) despite differences in water temperature and water level rate of change. Median water temperature during hatch dates was greater in 2017 (median 19.0°C, range 14.3–24.4°C) than 2018 (17.6°C, range 13.5–21.7°C). Water level rate of change during hatch dates in 2017 was positive (+3.1 to +13.1 cm/d), which reflected reservoir filling. In contrast, water level rate of change during hatch dates in 2018 was negative (−8.5 to −0.6 cm/d), which reflected reservoir receding. Relative abundance of young-of-year fish was greater in 2017 (21.7 fish/h) when the reservoir was filling compared with relative abundance in 2018 (6.8 fish/h) when the reservoir was receding. The median growth rate was greater in 2017 (1.02 mm/d) when the reservoir was filling than in 2018 (0.82 mm/d) when the reservoir was receding. Despite differences in water temperature and contrasting reservoir levels between the two water years, the Largemouth Bass population in a southwest U.S. reservoir exhibited similar hatch dates reported for the species in southeastern and northeastern U.S. reservoirs. While water demand in the 21st century may exceed availability, the opportunity exists to collaborate with water managers to benefit Largemouth Bass populations in southwestern reservoirs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-21-071","usgsCitation":"Vaisvil, A., Caldwell, C.A., and Frey, E., 2022, Water-level fluctuations and water temperature effects on young-of-year Largemouth Bass in a southwest irrigation reservoir: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 13, no. 2, p. 534-543, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-21-071.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"534","endPage":"543","ipdsId":"IP-133206","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-21-071","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":429779,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Sierra County","otherGeospatial":"Elephant Butte Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.12656805641583,\n 33.33034159767031\n ],\n [\n -107.22643051078117,\n 33.33034159767031\n ],\n [\n -107.22643051078117,\n 33.13668854992092\n ],\n [\n -107.12656805641583,\n 33.13668854992092\n ],\n [\n -107.12656805641583,\n 33.33034159767031\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaisvil, Alexander","contributorId":337757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vaisvil","given":"Alexander","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":902657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frey, Eric","contributorId":337759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frey","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24672,"text":"New Mexico Department of Game and Fish","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":902659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232315,"text":"fs20223043 - 2022 - Comparison of water year 2021 streamflow to historical data at selected sites in the Snake River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T21:26:39.539224","indexId":"fs20223043","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-27T11:35:47","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2022-3043","displayTitle":"Comparison of Water Year 2021 Streamflow to Historical Data at Selected Sites in the Snake River Basin, Wyoming","title":"Comparison of water year 2021 streamflow to historical data at selected sites in the Snake River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The headwaters of the Snake River are in the mountains of northwestern Wyoming on lands primarily administered by the National Park Service and the Bridger-Teton National Forest. Streamflow from the Snake River Basin has been measured at some sites for more than 100 years. Water from this drainage basin is used for recreational, agricultural, and municipal uses and power generation. Because of the many uses of the water and the ongoing drought in the Western United States, there is interest in how streamflow in water year 2021 compared to the historical data. Historical streamflow data are defined as the operational period of the streamgage through water year 2020. A water year is named for the year in which it ends; therefore, water year 2021 is October 1, 2020, through September 30, 2021.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20223043","usgsCitation":"Law, R.M., Campbell, J.R., Wheeler, J.D., and Eddy-Miller, C.E., 2022, Comparison of water year 2021 streamflow to historical data at selected sites in the Snake River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2022–3043, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223043.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-136663","costCenters":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402526,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/fs20223043/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402508,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3043/images"},{"id":402505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":402506,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3043/fs20223043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2022–3043"},{"id":402507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2022/3043/fs20223043.XML"},{"id":501494,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_113217.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.02508544921875,\n 43.21118152841771\n ],\n [\n -110.45928955078125,\n 43.21118152841771\n ],\n [\n -110.45928955078125,\n 44.09744824027576\n ],\n [\n -111.02508544921875,\n 44.09744824027576\n ],\n [\n -111.02508544921875,\n 43.21118152841771\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
521 Progress Circle, Suite 6
Cheyenne, WY 82007
The RESTORE Council Monitoring and Assessment Program (CMAP), administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), spatially and temporally inventoried programs in the Gulf of Mexico focused on water quality and habitat monitoring and mapping.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"RESTORE Council Monitoring and Assessment Program, 2022, Exploring CMAP products: Mapping, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122532","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":402512,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":402511,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://cdn.coastalscience.noaa.gov/projects-attachments/343/CMAP_Mapping_One-pager.pdf","size":"1272 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":402501,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/project/restore-council-monitoring-and-assessment-program-building-a-comprehensive-monitoring-network/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.140625,\n 26.509904531413927\n ],\n [\n -98.37158203125,\n 25.97779895546436\n ],\n [\n -97.80029296875,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -97.40478515625,\n 25.780107118422244\n ],\n [\n -97.27294921875,\n 25.859223554761407\n ],\n [\n -80.26611328125,\n 25.145284610685064\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 25.780107118422244\n ],\n [\n -79.91455078125,\n 26.60817437403311\n ],\n [\n -80.04638671875,\n 27.0982539061379\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 27.430289738862594\n ],\n [\n -80.48583984375,\n 28.459033019728043\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 29.82158272057499\n ],\n [\n -81.36474609375,\n 30.4297295750316\n ],\n [\n -81.45263671875,\n 30.826780904779774\n ],\n [\n -81.18896484375,\n 31.55981453201843\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 31.98944183792288\n ],\n [\n -91.669921875,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -98.59130859375,\n 29.649868677972304\n ],\n [\n -99.140625,\n 26.509904531413927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"RESTORE Council Monitoring and Assessment Program","contributorId":292577,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"RESTORE Council Monitoring and Assessment Program","id":845233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70232313,"text":"70232313 - 2022 - Statistical consideration of nonrandom treatment applications reveal region-wide benefits of widespread post-fire restoration action","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T15:35:04.472666","indexId":"70232313","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-27T10:25:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical consideration of nonrandom treatment applications reveal region-wide benefits of widespread post-fire restoration action","docAbstract":"Accurate predictions of ecological restoration outcomes are needed across the increasingly large landscapes requiring treatment following disturbances. However, observational studies often fail to account for nonrandom treatment application, which can result in invalid inference. Examining a spatiotemporally extensive management treatment-- post-fire seeding of declining sagebrush shrubs across the semiarid U.S. over two decades -- we quantify drivers and consequences of selection biases in restoration, using remotely sensed data. Treatments were disproportionately applied in more stressful, degraded ecological conditions. Failure to incorporate nonrandom treatment allocation led to the conclusion that costly, widespread seedings were unsuccessful; however, after considering biases, restoration positively affected sagebrush recovery. Treatment effect sizes varied with climate, indicating possible prioritization criteria for interventions. Our findings revise the perspective that widespread post-fire sagebrush seedings have been broadly “unsuccessful” and demonstrate how selection biases can pose substantive inferential hazards in observational studies of restoration efficacy and development of restoration theory.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-022-31102-z","usgsCitation":"Simler-Williamson, A., and Germino, M., 2022, Statistical consideration of nonrandom treatment applications reveal region-wide benefits of widespread post-fire restoration action: Nature Communications, v. 13, 3472, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31102-z.","productDescription":"3472, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130034","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31102-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":402510,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -105.64453124999999,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -122.1240234375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simler-Williamson, Allison B. 0000-0003-1358-1919","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-1919","contributorId":292572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simler-Williamson","given":"Allison B.","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Germino, Matthew J. 0000-0001-6326-7579","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-7579","contributorId":251901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232282,"text":"70232282 - 2022 - A numerical study of geomorphic and oceanographic controls on wave-driven runup on fringing reefs with shore-normal channels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-27T15:24:43.923098","indexId":"70232282","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-27T10:16:09","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2380,"text":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A numerical study of geomorphic and oceanographic controls on wave-driven runup on fringing reefs with shore-normal channels","docAbstract":"Many populated, tropical coastlines fronted by fringing coral reefs are exposed to wave-driven marine flooding that is exacerbated by sea-level rise. Most fringing coral reef are not alongshore uniform, but bisected by shore-normal channels; however, little is known about the influence of such channels on alongshore variations on runup and flooding of the adjacent coastline. We con-ducted a parametric study using the numeric model XBeach that demonstrates that a shore-normal channel results in substantial alongshore variations in waves, wave-driven water levels, and the resulting runup. Depending on the geometry and forcing, runup is greater either on the coastline adjacent to the channel terminus or at locations near the alongshore extent of the channel. The impact of channels on runup increases for higher incident waves, lower incident wave steepness, wider channels, a narrower reef, and shorter channel spacing. Alongshore varia-tion of infragravity waves is predominantly responsible for large-scale variations in runup out-side the channel, whereas setup, sea-swell waves, and very-low frequency waves mainly increase runup inside the channel. These results provide insight into which coastal locations adjacent to shore-normal channels are most vulnerable to high runup events, using only widely available data such as reef geometry and offshore wave conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/jmse10060828","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C.D., Rey, A., and van Dongeren, A., 2022, A numerical study of geomorphic and oceanographic controls on wave-driven runup on fringing reefs with shore-normal channels: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, v. 10, no. 6, 828, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060828.","productDescription":"828, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-140197","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":447301,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060828","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A0HFKV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model parameter input files to compare the influence of channels in fringing coral reefs on alongshore variations in wave-driven runup along the shoreline"},{"id":402509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8075-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8075-4490","contributorId":292540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":845005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rey, Annouk","contributorId":292541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rey","given":"Annouk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27619,"text":"TU Delft","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Dongeren, Ap","contributorId":149002,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Dongeren","given":"Ap","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12474,"text":"Deltares, Netherlands","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":845007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70232393,"text":"70232393 - 2022 - 21st-century stagnation in unvegetated sand-sea activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T12:05:08.833034","indexId":"70232393","displayToPublicDate":"2022-06-27T07:02:53","publicationYear":"2022","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"21st-century stagnation in unvegetated sand-sea activity","docAbstract":"Sand seas are vast expanses of Earth’s surface containing large areas of aeolian dunes—topographic patterns manifest from above-threshold winds and a supply of loose sand. Predictions of the role of future climate change for sand-sea activity are sparse and contradictory. Here we examine the impact of climate on all of Earth’s presently-unvegetated sand seas, using ensemble runs of an Earth System Model for historical and future Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. We find that almost all of the sand seas decrease in activity relative to present-day and industrial-onset for all future SSP scenarios, largely due to more intermittent sand-transport events. An increase in event wait-times and decrease in sand transport is conducive to vegetation growth. We expect dune-forming winds will become more unimodal, and produce larger incipient wavelengths, due to weaker and more seasonal winds. Our results indicate that these qualitative changes in Earth’s deserts cannot be mitigated.
Restoring the health of urban streams has many of the characteristics of a wicked problem. Addressing a wicked problem requires managers, academics, practitioners, and community members to make negotiated tradeoffs and compromises to satisfy the values and perspectives of diverse stakeholders involved in setting restoration project goals and objectives. We conducted a gap analysis on 11 urban stream restoration projects to identify disconnections, underperformance issues, and missing processes in the project structures used to develop restoration project goals and objectives. We examined the gap analysis results to investigate whether managers appropriately identified problem statements and met stated objectives. Projects that aimed to restore overall stream health commonly fell short for various reasons, including limited stakeholder and community input and buy-in, revealing potential limitations in the breadth of objectives, values, and stakeholder perspectives and knowledge types. Projects that emphasized integrating community values and diverse knowledge types tended to meet the expected outcomes of restoring stream processes through incremental solutions. Managers implementing more holistic solutions and values-driven approaches are more likely to consider diverse viewpoints from a variety of community local institutions. Based on these and other results, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates diverse perspectives and knowledge to enhance social and ecological outcomes of urban stream restoration. The framework also emphasizes the importance of setting objectives that support incremental solutions to foster more realistic expectations amongst stakeholders.
In low-permeability systems, groundwater may be accompanied by separate-phase fluids, and measured pore water pressures may deviate from those expected in steady-state, single-phase systems. These same systems may be of interest for storage of nuclear waste in Deep Geologic Repositories. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between the presence of a separate phase and anomalous pressure development. At the Bruce site in Southern Ontario, a significant underpressure was observed, and there is evidence for the presence of gas-phase methane in situ. This study used a one-dimensional (vertical) numerical model of the subsurface down to a depth of 844 m beneath the Bruce site to evaluate possible effects of hydromechanical coupling with multiphase flow on pressure evolution during glacial loading and unloading. The simulated pressure conditions were affected strongly by the amount of methane initially present in the system, and the maximum simulated underpressure varied nonmonotonically with increasing initial methane content. When the initial methane content was below the solubility limit, exsolution led to underpressures that briefly exceeded those that formed in the single-phase case. At intermediate initial methane contents (sufficient to produce an immobile gas phase), the gas phase dampened the hydromechanical effects of the glacial cycle. At large initial methane contents (when a mobile gas phase was present), gas migration caused a large decrease in relative liquid permeability, which further contributed to underpressure development in the pore water. Multiple scenarios that spanned a range of initial methane contents yielded underpressures like those observed at the Bruce site.