Landsliding is a common problem in eastern Fairfax County, an area underlain by Potomac Group (Lower Cretaceous) Coastal Plain deposits of silt and clay interbedded and interfingered with sand and gravel. The slides commonly are present in clay and silt that, on the basis of laboratory tests, appear to be much too strong to have failed. However, the very plastic silt and clay deposits are commonly cut by long continuous to short discontinuous high-angle and subhorizontal joints, shears, and faults. These fractures can contribute to sliding. Failure along faults and shears takes place because the relative movement has greatly weakened and softened the clay and silt. The mechanism for failure along the joints is less obvious but may be related to infilling along joints, slight movement due to erosional unloading, swelling of clays, and softening along joints.
Field investigations suggest that the three best developed high-angle joint sets in eastern Fairfax County have trends in the northeast quadrant. Lineaments plotted on a lineament map prepared from Landsat imagery also trend northeast parallel to the regional joint orientation. This regional orientation suggests that some of the fractures are tectonic in origin. Therefore, they should be anticipated in a broad zone many miles wide in the vicinity of the Fall Line. In addition, fractures of unknown origin contributing to landsliding, have been observed in massive Potomac Group clay and silt deposits. Irrespective of origin, these fractures require careful investigation and engineering to prevent slope failure at critical locations during and after major excavation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78779","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., and Obermeier, S.F., 1978, Relationship of landslides to fractures in Potomac Group deposits, Fairfax County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-779, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78779.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143612,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0779/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":413404,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0779/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax 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William H. blanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"William","email":"blanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":160565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Obermeier, Stephen F.","contributorId":102482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obermeier","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30051,"text":"wri7819 - 1978 - Stream quality in the San Lorenzo River Basin, Santa Cruz County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-12T19:15:46.213443","indexId":"wri7819","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-19","title":"Stream quality in the San Lorenzo River Basin, Santa Cruz County, California","docAbstract":"Stream quality in the San Lorenzo River basin, Calif., was studied from November 1973 through June 1975 to determine areal and temporal variations in water quality, problem areas and times of water quality degradation, and compliance with State and local water-quality objectives. Sampling from November 1973 through July 1974 was done at five stations in the Zayante Creek drainage basin and at one station on the San Lorenzo River at Big Trees. Sampling from August 1974 through June 1975 was done at 15 stations in the San Lorenzo River basin, including one station in the Zayante Creek subbasin. Properties and constituents measured were water temperature, specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fecal-coliform and fecal-streptococcal bacteria, major dissolved ions, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, and trace elements. Benthic invertebrates were collected during autumn 1974 and spring 1975 at two stations.
Results show that the water in most streams in the basin can be classified as calcium bicarbonate, but based on the dissolved-ion concentrations the basin can be divided into three water-quality areas that correspond generally to three geologic areas. The most pronounced change in water quality occurs during storms when streamflow, turbidity, and total Kjeldahl-nitrogen, total-phosphorus, dissolved-potassium, and fecal-coliform concentrations increase, while concentrations of most dissolved ions decrease owing to dilution of the nonstorm part of the flow. Late winter and early spring nonstorm flows yield water of the best quality because the concentrations of most dissolved ions and fecal-coliform and fecal-streptococcal bacteria are relatively low, whereas turbidity values are the same as, or not appreciably greater than, during the summer low-flow period.
Dissolved-ion concentrations exceeded objectives at stations on east-side streams north of the Zayante fault, probably because of lower-than-normal streamflows during water year 1975. Total-nitrogen and fecal-coliform concentrations exceeded objectives in the Zayante Creek and Branciforte Creek drainage basins, probably because of domestic sewage from improperly operating septic-tank systems. The high total-nitrogen and fecal-coliform concentrations in the Zayante Creek basin might also result from the primary-treated effluent discharged by the city of Scotts Valley into an old sand pit.
Results of diel studies (intensive sampling for a 24-hour period) made at two stations on the San Lorenzo River indicate that residential areas between the stations do not contribute sufficient quantities of oxygen-demanding wastes to the river during low streamflow to cause appreciable dissolved-oxygen depletion. Greater streamflows and residential development seem to be responsible for unstable streambed substrates and reduced diversity of benthic invertebrates during the spring at a station downstream of most of the residential areas in the San Lorenzo River valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7819","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Santa Cruz Flood Control and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Sylvester, M.A., and Covay, K.J., 1978, Stream quality in the San Lorenzo River Basin, Santa Cruz County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-19, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7819.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":377418,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Santa Cruz County","otherGeospatial":"San Lorenzo River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.18333333,\n 36.91666667\n ],\n [\n -121.98333333,\n 36.91666667\n ],\n [\n -121.98333333,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.18333333,\n 37.25\n ],\n [\n -122.18333333,\n 36.91666667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sylvester, Marc A.","contributorId":90706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Covay, Kenneth J.","contributorId":61865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covay","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27813,"text":"wri77124 - 1978 - Appraisal of shallow ground-water resources and management alternatives in the Upper Peace and Eastern Alafia River Basins, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-05T10:02:38","indexId":"wri77124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-124","title":"Appraisal of shallow ground-water resources and management alternatives in the Upper Peace and Eastern Alafia River Basins, Florida","docAbstract":"In southwest Florida, the shallow aquifer system underlying the 1,250-square-mile upper Peace and eastern Alafia River basins is a relatively untapped source of supply. The aquifer system ranges between 50 and 300 feet thick and is composed of a surficial sand unit underlain by a limestone unit. Sand and clay confining beds separate the shallow aquifer system from the highly productive, extensively developed deep aquifer system. The hydrologic budget of the area indicates that annual leakage of water from the shallow to the deep aquifer system is 2.6 inches while annual pumpage from the deep aquifer system averages 5.5 inches. Management alternatives to be considered for efficient use of the shallow ground-water resources include development by withdrawal wells or connector wells for recharge. One solution for a gridded network of wells consists of 540 wells spaced 7,000 feet apart, each producing 453 gallons per minute. The network would derive water to meet demand by capturing water that would normally have run off evapotranspired. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri77124","usgsCitation":"Hutchinson, C.B., 1978, Appraisal of shallow ground-water resources and management alternatives in the Upper Peace and Eastern Alafia River Basins, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-124, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri77124.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366187,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0124/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Alafia River, Peace 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a383","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66275,"text":"i1087 - 1978 - Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-16T11:09:56","indexId":"i1087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1087","title":"Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado","docAbstract":"The White River is the largest stream in the southeastern part of the Uinta Basin in Utah and Colorado. This map shows the changes that have occurred in the location of the main channel of the river from 1936 to 1974. The map indicated that certain reaches of the river are subject to different rates of channel migration. Also shown is the boundary of the flood plain, which is mapped at the point of abrupt break in slope. This map documents the position of the river channel prior to any withdrawals of water or alteration of the flow characteristics of the white river that may occur in order to meet water requirements principally associated with the proposed oil-shale industry or other development in the area.
The channel locations were determined from aerial photographs taken at four different time periods for the following Federal agencies: In 1936, U.S. Soil Conservation Services; 1953, U.S. Corps of Engineers; 1965, U.S. Geological Survey; and in 1974, U.S. Bureau of Land Management. The 1936 delineation, which is actually based upon photographs that were taken in 1936 and 1937, was made by projection of the original photographs on a base map that was prepared from 1:24,000 scale topographic maps. The 1953, 1965, and 1974 delineations were produced from stereographic models. The 1965 delineation was compiled from photographs that were taken during 1962-65. The delineation is labeled as 1965 for simplicity, however, because the photographs for 1965 cover about 60 percent of the study read of the river, and because no changed were discernable in those areas of repetitive photographic coverage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Jurado, A., and Fields, F.K., 1978, Channel migration of the White River in the eastern Uinta Basin, Utah and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1087, 1 Map: 33.95 x 39.64 Inches; Cover: 9.20 x 11.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1087.","productDescription":"1 Map: 33.95 x 39.64 Inches; Cover: 9.20 x 11.87 inches","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":255735,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/plate-1.pdf","text":"Map I-1087","size":"8.57 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255736,"rank":300,"type":{"id":8,"text":"Cover"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/report.pdf","text":"Folio Cover","size":"29.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1087/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Uinta Basin, White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ], [ -109.70083333333334,40.1175 ], [ -109,40.1175 ], [ -109,39.916666666666664 ], [ -109.70083333333334,39.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6296","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurado, Antonio","contributorId":73264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurado","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fields, Fred K.","contributorId":69981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":10976,"text":"ofr78351 - 1978 - Biostratigraphic guide to Upper Devonian and Mississippian rocks along the Wasatch Front and Cordilleran hingeline, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-17T21:31:29.746195","indexId":"ofr78351","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-351","title":"Biostratigraphic guide to Upper Devonian and Mississippian rocks along the Wasatch Front and Cordilleran hingeline, Utah","docAbstract":"This paper provides a guide to measured sections of Upper Devonian (Famennian) and Mississippian (Kinderhookian, Osagean, and Meramecian) rocks visited on a three-day field trip between Provo, Utah, on the Wasatch Front and the Crawford Mountains in the Overthrust Belt along the Utah-Wyoming State line. The field trip, sponsored by the Pander Society, was held on April 30-May 2, 1978 in conjunction with the meeting of the Rocky Mountain section of the Geological Society of America at Provo, Utah. The rocks that may be sampled for conodonts are represented by the Middle to Upper Scaphignathus velifer (middle Famennian) through Cavusgnathus (middle Meramecian) conodont Zones. The measured sections and field trip provide a west to east traverse of the Sevier thrust system. The sections demonstrate the biostratigraphic, paleogeographic, and sedimentational differences among equivalent Famennian rocks as well as the transition from the Osagean and early Meramecian starved phosphatic basin on the west to time-equivalent carbonate rocks of the shelf margin on the east.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78351","usgsCitation":"Sandberg, C.A., and Gutschick, R., 1978, Biostratigraphic guide to Upper Devonian and Mississippian rocks along the Wasatch Front and Cordilleran hingeline, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-351, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78351.","productDescription":"52 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0351/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143011,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0351/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-111.046551,41.251716],[-111.046723,40.997959],[-110.750727,40.996847],[-110.715026,40.996347],[-110.539819,40.996346],[-110.500718,40.994746],[-110.375714,40.994947],[-110.250709,40.996089],[-110.237848,40.995427],[-110.125709,40.99655],[-110.121639,40.997101],[-110.048476,40.997555],[-110.006495,40.997815],[-110.000708,40.997352],[-109.999838,40.99733],[-109.97553,40.997912],[-109.855299,40.997614],[-109.854302,40.997661],[-109.715409,40.998191],[-109.713877,40.998266],[-109.676421,40.998395],[-109.534926,40.998143],[-109.500694,40.999127],[-109.250735,41.001009],[-109.231985,41.002059],[-109.173682,41.000859],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.181196,36.999271],[-109.233848,36.999266],[-109.246917,36.999346],[-109.26339,36.999263],[-109.268213,36.999242],[-109.270097,36.999266],[-109.378039,36.999135],[-109.381226,36.999148],[-109.495338,36.999105],[-109.625668,36.998308],[-109.875673,36.998504],[-110.000677,36.997968],[-110.000876,36.998502],[-110.021778,36.998602],[-110.47019,36.997997],[-110.490908,37.003566],[-110.50069,37.00426],[-110.599512,37.003448],[-110.625605,37.003416],[-110.62569,37.003721],[-110.75069,37.003197],[-111.066496,37.002389],[-111.133718,37.000779],[-111.254853,37.001077],[-111.278286,37.000465],[-111.405517,37.001497],[-111.405869,37.001481],[-111.412784,37.001478],[-112.35769,37.001025],[-112.368946,37.001125],[-112.534545,37.000684],[-112.538593,37.000674],[-112.540368,37.000669],[-112.545094,37.000734],[-112.558974,37.000692],[-112.609787,37.000753],[-112.899366,37.000319],[-112.966471,37.000219],[-113.965907,36.999976],[-113.965907,37.000025],[-114.0506,37.000396],[-114.051749,37.088434],[-114.051822,37.090976],[-114.052827,37.103961],[-114.051867,37.134292],[-114.052179,37.14711],[-114.051673,37.172368],[-114.051405,37.233854],[-114.051974,37.283848],[-114.051974,37.284511],[-114.0518,37.293044],[-114.0518,37.293548],[-114.051927,37.370459],[-114.051927,37.370734],[-114.051765,37.418083],[-114.052448,37.43144],[-114.052701,37.492014],[-114.052685,37.502513],[-114.052718,37.517264],[-114.052689,37.517859],[-114.052962,37.592783],[-114.052472,37.604776],[-114.051728,37.745997],[-114.051785,37.746249],[-114.05167,37.746958],[-114.051109,37.756276],[-114.049919,37.765586],[-114.048473,37.809861],[-114.049677,37.823645],[-114.049928,37.852508],[-114.049658,37.881368],[-114.050423,37.999961],[-114.049903,38.148601],[-114.050138,38.24996],[-114.049417,38.2647],[-114.05012,38.404536],[-114.050091,38.404673],[-114.050485,38.499955],[-114.049834,38.543784],[-114.049862,38.547764],[-114.050154,38.57292],[-114.049883,38.677365],[-114.049749,38.72921],[-114.049168,38.749951],[-114.049465,38.874949],[-114.048521,38.876197],[-114.048054,38.878693],[-114.049104,39.005509],[-114.047079,39.499943],[-114.047728,39.542742],[-114.047273,39.759413],[-114.047783,39.79416],[-114.047214,39.821024],[-114.047134,39.906037],[-114.046555,39.996899],[-114.046835,40.030131],[-114.046386,40.097896],[-114.046741,40.104231],[-114.046683,40.116931],[-114.046153,40.231971],[-114.046178,40.398313],[-114.045826,40.424823],[-114.045218,40.430282],[-114.045518,40.494474],[-114.045577,40.495801],[-114.045281,40.506586],[-114.043505,40.726292]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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a45e4b07f02db621001","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sandberg, Charles A. sandberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandberg","given":"Charles","email":"sandberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":162309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutschick, Raymond","contributorId":74003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutschick","given":"Raymond","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":162310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6345,"text":"pp907E - 1978 - The Potential for Prophyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposits in the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:06","indexId":"pp907E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"907","chapter":"E","title":"The Potential for Prophyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposits in the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Several significant porphyry-type deposits of Paleozoic age are known in New England and eastern Canada. Disseminated copper-molybdenum deposits of Paleozoic age are in the Southeastern United States, and copper is produced from porphyry-type deposits of both Precambrian and Paleozoic age in eastern Canada. Although these old deposits are surely less abundant than those in Cenozoic and Tertiary porphyry belts, the known Precrambrian and Paleozoic deposits in Eastern North America appear to be valid exploration targets. The difficult of 'prospecting in drift-covered and saprolite-mantled terrains suggests that all such deposits probably have not been discovered. Although such deposits are more costly to discover in this region than a massive sulfide deposit, the total amount of copper in even a medium-sized porphyry copper deposit is much greater than in most massive sulfide deposits.\r\n\r\nThis report summarizes current knowledge of porphyry copper-molybdenum-type deposits in the Eastern United States and suggests more favorable areas for mineral exploration. Selected Canadian deposits are discussed because of their bearing on planning exploration in this country.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp907E","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, R.G., 1978, The Potential for Prophyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposits in the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 907, vi, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp907E.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33696,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0907e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,42 ], [ -75,45 ], [ -65,45 ], [ -65,42 ], [ -75,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67adb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, Robert Gordon","contributorId":39355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Gordon","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30805,"text":"ofr781071 - 1978 - Geotechnical properties of sediments from the Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-25T20:33:20.398117","indexId":"ofr781071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-1071","title":"Geotechnical properties of sediments from the Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Studies of geotechnical properties of marine sediments have recently intensified as the search for natural resources has expanded on the continental shelf. The U. S. Geological Survey has begun a detailed evaluation of geologic environmental conditions in continental shelf regions in order to facilitate safe development of continental shelf resources. Investigations of geohazards in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska (Fig. 1) began in 1974 when 6500 km of high and medium resolution seismic reflection data were collected from the eastern gulf between Yakutat and Montague Island (Carlson, Bruns and Molnia, 1975; Von Huene and others, 1975). The first extensive sediment sampling program was begun in 1975 when approximately 400 samples of continental shelf sediments were collected from the same area of the gulf (Carlson and others, 1977b). A limited number of geotechnical measurements were made from these samples and samples collected by subsequent programs, however, systematic measurement of geotechnical properties was not started until the 1977 cruise of the NOAA ship DISCOVERER. Once unstable environments or \"geohazards\", such as slumps and slides, are delineated, geotechnical testing is an important means of quantifying such geologic processes and consequently furthering our understanding of them.
The purposes of this report are two-fold: (1) to report variations of physical properties in 1-2 meter gravity cores and (2) to recognize any variations in the areal distribution of these properties within and adjacent to an area of mass movement in the northeastern Gulf of Alaska.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr781071","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P.R., Levy, W.P., Molnia, B.F., and Hampson, J.C., 1978, Geotechnical properties of sediments from the Continental Shelf south of Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1071, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr781071.","productDescription":"29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/1071/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Bay, northeastern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.74386722970848,\n 60.27643600738864\n ],\n [\n -141.74386722970848,\n 59.78959667023767\n ],\n [\n -141.0247576005145,\n 59.78959667023767\n ],\n [\n -141.0247576005145,\n 60.27643600738864\n ],\n [\n -141.74386722970848,\n 60.27643600738864\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b0a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Levy, William P.","contributorId":102910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levy","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. 0000-0001-8102-6269","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-6269","contributorId":301013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hampson, John C. Jr.","contributorId":108033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampson","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":7355,"text":"ofr78706 - 1978 - Multichannel seismic reflection and sonobuoy refraction data in the outer southern California Borderland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-19T18:42:07.880284","indexId":"ofr78706","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-706","title":"Multichannel seismic reflection and sonobuoy refraction data in the outer southern California Borderland","docAbstract":"During the L1-78-SC cruise of the USGS research vessel S. P. Lee (April 25 - May 11, 1978) seven sonobuoy profiles and 200 km of 24-channel seismic reflection data were recorded in the outer southern California Continental Borderland. These data were obtained, at the request of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP), to evaluate possible drill sites along the southern California continental margin.
The drill sites shown in Figure 1 were proposed by the Ocean Paleo-environmental Panel for DSDP Leg 63--secheduled for Sept. - Nov. 1978. These sites were selected in order to provide an expanded Neogene record of paleoceanographic-paleoclimatic events and associated evolutionary development of planktic communities along the eastern side of the north Pacific Ocean. Site selection was made prior to this survey on the basis of available single-channel seismic reflection profiles. Thus, the proposed sites shown on Fig. 1 may be relocated or eliminated when the data presented in this report are incorporated with earlier data. The combined data will be evaluated for safety and pollution hazards by Leg 63 site proponents and the DSDP safety panels.
The ship's tracks (Fig. 1) were located by an integrated Satellite-Loran C-Doppler Sonar navigation system. Average survey speed was about 5 kts. A 1326 cu in (21,723 CC) tuned air gun array provided the sound source for both reflection and refraction profiles. The air gun array was fired at 50 m (about 18 sec.) intervals by the integrated navigation system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78706","usgsCitation":"Crouch, J.K., Holmes, M., McCulloh, T.H., Long, A.T., and Brune, R., 1978, Multichannel seismic reflection and sonobuoy refraction data in the outer southern California Borderland: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-706, 3 p., 10 sheets :ill., map ;29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78706.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500217,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0706/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0706/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"California 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H.","contributorId":106494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloh","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Long, A. T. along@usgs.gov","contributorId":20744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"A.","email":"along@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brune, R.H.","contributorId":91491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brune","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":155383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112350,"text":"70112350 - 1978 - The metallogenic role of east-west fracture zones in South America with regard to the motion of lithospheric plates (with an example from Brazil)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T15:10:00","indexId":"70112350","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T15:58:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2135,"text":"Jornal de Mineralogia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The metallogenic role of east-west fracture zones in South America with regard to the motion of lithospheric plates (with an example from Brazil)","docAbstract":"The role of east-west fracture zones in South America is discussed with regard to global fracturing and the motion of lithospheric plates. A set of major NW-trending lineaments has been derived which show a tendency to be spaced equidistantly and may correspond to a set of east-west fractures in the \"pre-drift\" position of the South American plate. Statistical analysis of linears in the ERTS-mosaics shows that NW-fractures are also among the most important ones in the Andes region, suggesting that the above major lineaments extend into the basement of the Andes. Some of the old major fractures, trending east-west in the present orientation of South America, are discussed and their NE orientation in the pre-drift position of the plate is considered. An example of structural control of ore deposition in the Brazilian Shield is presented, using the maps of the RADAM Project. It is concluded that the small tin-bearing granitic bodies concentrated in the region of Sao Felix do Xingu in the state of Para represent upper parts of an unexposed granitoid massif which is controlled by the intersection of a major east-west fracture zone probably represents westward extension of the Patos Lineament of the easternmost part of Brazil, connected with the east-west fracture zone of the Para state through the basement of the Maranhao Basin (Sineclise do Maranhao-Piaui). It is expected that the proposed \"Patos-Para Lineament\" extends further westward and may similarly control, at intersections with fractures of other trends, some mineralization centers in the western part of the state of Para and in the state of Amazonas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Clube de Mineralogía","publisherLocation":"Recife, Brazil","usgsCitation":"Kutina, J., Carter, W.D., and Lopez, F., 1978, The metallogenic role of east-west fracture zones in South America with regard to the motion of lithospheric plates (with an example from Brazil): Jornal de Mineralogia, v. 7, p. 97-110.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"South America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.0,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,13.1 ], [ -32.6,13.1 ], [ -32.6,-56.5 ], [ -94.0,-56.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d0902f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kutina, J.","contributorId":65006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kutina","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopez, F.X.","contributorId":99894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopez","given":"F.X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112349,"text":"70112349 - 1978 - Tectolinear interpretation of a 1:5,000,000 Landsat-1 mosaic compared with the structure of central and eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-29T16:40:08.789381","indexId":"70112349","displayToPublicDate":"1990-06-12T15:55:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1843,"text":"Global Tectonics and Metallogeny","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectolinear interpretation of a 1:5,000,000 Landsat-1 mosaic compared with the structure of central and eastern United States","docAbstract":"The pattern of lineaments and curvilinear features interpreted from a 1:5,000,000 mosaic of satellite images (Landsat-1 was superimposed on a simplified version of the Geological Map of the United States, 1:2,500,000 scale, showing the structural scheme of Central and Eastern United States. A comparison of the above two patterns, shown in Fig. 1, is presented in this paper.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweitzerbart Science Publishers","doi":"10.1127/gtm/1/1978/78","usgsCitation":"Kutina, J., and Carter, W.D., 1978, Tectolinear interpretation of a 1:5,000,000 Landsat-1 mosaic compared with the structure of central and eastern United States: Global Tectonics and Metallogeny, v. 1, no. 1, p. 78-82, https://doi.org/10.1127/gtm/1/1978/78.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288559,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.26275246803011,\n 29.77126505459266\n ],\n [\n -97.11146138111035,\n 48.90789545281613\n ],\n [\n -64.66899459867483,\n 47.321781303225585\n ],\n [\n -79.05645173590027,\n 23.751133665900454\n ],\n [\n -94.26275246803011,\n 29.77126505459266\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539acc58e4b0e83db6d09023","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kutina, Jan","contributorId":48102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kutina","given":"Jan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, William D.","contributorId":64567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208753,"text":"70208753 - 1978 - Marine diatom sequence in Miocene strata of the Chesapeake Bay region, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-02T11:49:14","indexId":"70208753","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-31T12:40:26","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine diatom sequence in Miocene strata of the Chesapeake Bay region, Maryland","docAbstract":"The Calvert and Choptank Formations exposed along the west shore of Chesapeake Bay in Maryland have been correlated with strata of early and middle Miocene age. The stratigraphic ranges of marine diatom marker species indicate a distinct diatom sequence in the deposits. A few diatoms that mark deep-sea Miocene deposits are found sparingly in these shallow neritic assemblages. Seven diatom zones based on well-recognized events in the diatom biostratigraphy are proposed for the mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States. A suggested correlation of these zones is made with some of the deep-sea diatom zonations in the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Micropaleontology Press","doi":"10.2307/1485369","usgsCitation":"Andrews, G., 1978, Marine diatom sequence in Miocene strata of the Chesapeake Bay region, Maryland: Micropaleontology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 371-406, https://doi.org/10.2307/1485369.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372705,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.7230224609375,\n 38.248965760244644\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 38.248965760244644\n ],\n [\n -75.849609375,\n 39.65011210186371\n ],\n [\n -76.7230224609375,\n 39.65011210186371\n ],\n [\n -76.7230224609375,\n 38.248965760244644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, George W.","contributorId":40621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"George W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":783275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207416,"text":"70207416 - 1978 - Metallogenesis in the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-24T10:14:30","indexId":"70207416","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-31T08:49:46","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metallogenesis in the western United States","docAbstract":"Although the Mesozoic-Cenozoic metallogeny of the western United States unquestionably resulted from convergence of the North American and Pacific Ocean plates, subduction alone does not adequately explain the distribution of the ore deposits in Laramide and post-Laramide time, when magmatism and mineralization extended irregularly eastward at least 1500 km from the continental margin. Stable isotopes (lead and initial 87Sr/86Sr) indicate derivation of some rock- and ore-forming elements from continental rather than oceanic lithosphere. A gross east-west metals zonation lacks the clearcut divisions evident to the north and south in the Cordillera. Lineaments, difficult or impossible to document unequivocally, seem nevertheless to have played some role in localizing mineral belts transverse to plate boundaries.
It is suggested that mantle convection in a reactivated ensialic back-arc, triggered at least in part by subduction on one or more Benioff Zones, became increasingly important both with time and with distance eastward from the Mesozoic trench. Small magma pockets were generated episodically by partial fusion of the continental lithosphere, itself probably in-homogeneous, where deep crustal flaws, many ancient but some perhaps newly created, relieved pressure and provided access to the upper crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.135.4.0355","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Guild, P.W., 1978, Metallogenesis in the western United States: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 135, no. 4, p. 355-376, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.135.4.0355.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"376","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Western United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -126.298828125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -118.47656249999999,\n 32.10118973232094\n ],\n [\n -102.74414062499999,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -104.23828125,\n 48.922499263758255\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 50.28933925329178\n ],\n [\n -126.298828125,\n 41.44272637767212\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guild, P. W.","contributorId":39039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197663,"text":"70197663 - 1978 - Neogene basin formation in relation to plate tectonic evolution of San Andreas fault system, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-25T15:53:13.892756","indexId":"70197663","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neogene basin formation in relation to plate tectonic evolution of San Andreas fault system, California","docAbstract":"More than 90% of the known petroleum accumulations west of the San Andreas fault in California are in strata deposited in areally restricted Neogene basins that formed during a major tectonic reorganization of western California. These deep, localized Neogene basins replaced broad, regionally persistent Paleogene depositional aprons, although some of the Neogene basins in northern and central California had Paleogene precursors. The evolution of each of the Neogene basins is complex, and aspects of the kinematics of each are unique; nonetheless, all can be considered products of an overall right-lateral shear system associated with a sliding margin between the Pacific and North American lithospheric plates.
The sliding margin developed in western California about 29 m.y. ago, when the Pacific plate contacted North America after subduction of the intervening Farallon plate. The initial position of the common boundary between the Pacific and North American plates was along the continental margin. Right slip between the Pacific and North American plates gradually shifted eastward to right-slip faults, such as the San Andreas, located farther inland. This shift seems to be documented by relations in the southern California area. About 300 km of right slip has occurred along the San Andreas fault during the past 10 to 15 m.y., and at least several hundred additional kilometers along associated right-slip faults of the San Andreas system.
The Neogene basins in southern California began to develop during the interval in which the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates shifted from the continental edge to the San Andreas fault, apparently because the step-by-step switch to different surfaces of weakness caused local extension and compression within a broad zone of right-lateral shear. A major phase of basin formation appears to have been synchronous with a change in azimuth of relative shear between the Pacific and North American plates to a more westerly direction, resulting in extensional strain. This change in motion initiated basin development in offshore central and northern California and affected the ongoing development of basins as a result of right slip along the San Andreas and related faults in other parts of California.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/C1EA484C-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Blake, Campbell, R.H., Dibblee, T.W., Howell, D.G., Nilsen, T., Normark, W.R., Vedder, J.G., and Silver, E.A., 1978, Neogene basin formation in relation to plate tectonic evolution of San Andreas fault system, California: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 62, no. 3, p. 344-372, https://doi.org/10.1306/C1EA484C-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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A.","contributorId":18491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silver","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70119871,"text":"70119871 - 1978 - The IFG incremental methodology for physical instream habitat evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-11T10:39:10","indexId":"70119871","displayToPublicDate":"1978-12-03T10:38:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The IFG incremental methodology for physical instream habitat evaluation","largerWorkTitle":"Surface Mining and Fish/Wildlife Needs in the Eastern United States: Proceedings of a Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Surface mining and fish/wildlife needs in the Eastern United States","conferenceDate":"1978-12-03T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Morgantown, WV","language":"English","publisher":"Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Stalnaker, C., 1978, The IFG incremental methodology for physical instream habitat evaluation.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291942,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e9d8d4e4b008eaa4f3f698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stalnaker, Clair B.","contributorId":30871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalnaker","given":"Clair B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156349,"text":"70156349 - 1978 - Regional gravity and magnetic anomalies in the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-02T11:37:49","indexId":"70156349","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-30T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional gravity and magnetic anomalies in the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho","docAbstract":"Over the eastern Snake River Plain, the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the magnetic intensity are, in general, high. In detail, both the gravity and the magnetic anomalies are a complex of highs and lows, in contrast to the simpler anomalies over the western Snake River Plain. The broad gravity high associated with the eastern Snake River Plain cannot be produced by a dense mass at shallow depth under the plain, but must be produced either by a deep feature under the plain or by a broader, shallower feature extending well beyond the plain. The high could be produced by a thinning of the crust under the plain by 4.5 to 7 kilometers. The data suggest that the Cenozoic rocks of the plain are underlain by rocks that have density and magnetization similar to the density and magnetization of the pre-Cenozoic rocks north and south of the plain. The data do not suggest rifting of the upper crust such as is inferred for the western Snake River Plain. The plain is in approximate isostatic equilibrium with adjoining regions to the north and south and thus contrasts with the adjoining areas where the basin-and-range topography is not in isostatic equilibrium. The local gravity anomalies on the plain are probably produced by variations in the thickness of Cenozoic rocks, but the wavelength of the anomalies is about twice that of the basin-and-range structural features in areas adjoining the plain. The gravity expression of basin-and-range structural features does not extend far onto the plain. Magnetic anomalies on the plain are produced by Cenozoic volcanic rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Mabey, D.R., 1978, Regional gravity and magnetic anomalies in the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 553-562.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"562","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306986,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {\n \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n \"stroke-width\": 2,\n \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n },\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.246826171875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 42.2366518803206\n ],\n [\n -111.7529296875,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -111.39038085937499,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -111.368408203125,\n 44.04811573082351\n ],\n [\n -111.961669921875,\n 44.23732831822538\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -113.04931640625,\n 43.96909818325174\n ],\n [\n -113.917236328125,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -114.774169921875,\n 43.31718491566708\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 43.26920624914964\n ],\n [\n -116.03759765625,\n 43.54058479482877\n ],\n [\n -116.444091796875,\n 43.810747313446996\n ],\n [\n -116.619873046875,\n 43.929549935614595\n ],\n [\n -116.91650390625,\n 43.95328204198018\n ],\n [\n -116.98242187499999,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -116.71874999999999,\n 42.64204079304428\n ],\n [\n -116.09252929687499,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -114.41162109375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -114.246826171875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa37e4b0518e3546bc57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mabey, Don R.","contributorId":43741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mabey","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156353,"text":"70156353 - 1978 - CS2 and COS in soil gases of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Beaver County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T14:26:00","indexId":"70156353","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-30T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CS2 and COS in soil gases of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Beaver County, Utah","docAbstract":"Soil-gas samples were collected in two parallel traverses across the Dome fault zone of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area. Gas chromatographic analyses of the samples showed anomalous concentrations of CS3 and COS east of the Dome fault; higher concentrations of CS2 and COS also occurred over an area in which the hydrothermal system is close to the surface. Measurement of these gases may be useful in exploration for new geothermal sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Hinkle, M., and Harms, T.F., 1978, CS2 and COS in soil gases of the Roosevelt Hot Springs Known Geothermal Resource Area, Beaver County, Utah: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 571-578.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"571","endPage":"578","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":306996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Beaver County","otherGeospatial":"Roosevelt Hot Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.13034057617188,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -113.13034057617188,\n 38.68014968334621\n ],\n [\n -112.66754150390625,\n 38.68014968334621\n ],\n [\n -112.66754150390625,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -113.13034057617188,\n 38.28993659801203\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa30e4b0518e3546bc2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinkle, Margaret","contributorId":36918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harms, Thelma F.","contributorId":57841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harms","given":"Thelma","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156378,"text":"70156378 - 1978 - Holocene pyroclastic-flow deposits from Shastina and Black Butte, west of Mount Shasta, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T14:29:24","indexId":"70156378","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-30T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene pyroclastic-flow deposits from Shastina and Black Butte, west of Mount Shasta, California","docAbstract":"A broad apron of pyroclastic-flow deposits derived from dacitic domes of Holocene age at Black Butte and Shastina covers an area of more than 110 km2 on the west flank of Mt. Shasta volcano. The stratigraphy of the deposits is exposed in readouts along a northwest-southeast line between the cities of Weed and Mount Shasta and includes, from bottom to top, pre-Shastina diamictons, a Shastina pyroclasticflow assemblage, and a Black Butte pyroclastic-flow assemblage. Pyroclastic flows from Shastina, a volcanic cone on the west flank of Mt. Shasta, form a fan of nonvesicular rock debris that overlies part of the Shastina cone and pre-Shastina deposits; the fan deposits thicken northward and underlie the town of Weed. Pyroclastic-flow deposits of both vesicular and nonvesicular rock debris caused by eruptions at the site of Black Butte, a large volcanic dome at the foot of Mt. Shasta, thicken southward and underlie part of the city of Mount Shasta. Soil-profile oxidation is 75-80 cm thick on deposits from both Shastina and Black Butte. As much as 10 m of vertical displacement occurred along east-trending faults 3.5 km northwest of Black Butte after deposition of the youngest two pyroclastic flows from that source. Evidence that faulting and volcanism were nearly simultaneous suggests that the area northwest of Black Butte subsided during a late eruptive phase of the plug dome. Future eruptions similar to those that produced the pyroclastic flows could endanger people and property in any direction downslope from vents, including the communities of Weed and Mount Shasta and possibly other communities in the Shasta Valley and upper Sacramento River area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, C.D., 1978, Holocene pyroclastic-flow deposits from Shastina and Black Butte, west of Mount Shasta, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 611-623.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"623","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":307040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Weed, Mount Shasta","otherGeospatial":"Black Butte, Shastina","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2,\n 41.34\n ],\n [\n -122.2,\n 41.45\n ],\n [\n -122.42,\n 41.45\n ],\n [\n -122.42,\n 41.34\n ],\n [\n -122.2,\n 41.34\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa33e4b0518e3546bc49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, C. Dan","contributorId":38145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012564,"text":"70012564 - 1978 - Strain in southern California: Measured uniaxial north-south regional contraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-15T16:14:01.738791","indexId":"70012564","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain in southern California: Measured uniaxial north-south regional contraction","docAbstract":"The plate tectonics model of the Pacific moving northwest relative to North America implies that the regional strain in California should be simple shear across a vertical plane striking N45°W or equivalently equal parts of north-south contraction and east-west extension. Measurements of the strain accumulation at seven separate sites in southern California in the interval 1972 through 1978 indicate a remarkably consistent uniaxial north-south contraction of about 0.3 part per million per year; the expected east-west extension is absent. It is not clear whether the period from 1972 through 1978 is anomalous or whether the secular strain in southern California is indeed a uniaxial north-south contraction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.202.4370.883","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Prescott, W., Lisowski, M., and King, N., 1978, Strain in southern California: Measured uniaxial north-south regional contraction: Science, v. 202, no. 4370, p. 883-885, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.202.4370.883.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"883","endPage":"885","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.81060685876793,\n 36.346150292968446\n ],\n [\n -119.8985112272712,\n 32.243248973786606\n ],\n [\n -114.26703228542317,\n 32.63578496612345\n ],\n [\n -114.40429729514454,\n 33.51898010166001\n ],\n [\n -114.09337844145625,\n 34.27940541398779\n ],\n [\n -114.53847930599221,\n 35.03935760819119\n ],\n [\n -117.32430013142883,\n 37.01942028865123\n ],\n [\n -121.81060685876793,\n 36.346150292968446\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"202","issue":"4370","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9897e4b08c986b31c0b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, N.","contributorId":14925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70199553,"text":"70199553 - 1978 - Model aids planners in predicting rising ground-water levels in San Bernardino, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:49:02","indexId":"70199553","displayToPublicDate":"1978-11-01T15:48:16","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Model aids planners in predicting rising ground-water levels in San Bernardino, California","docAbstract":"The city of San Bernardino is in a semiarid inland valley about 60 miles (100 kilometers) east of Los Angeles. The southern part of the city is traversed by the San Jacinto fault. Adjacent to the upgradient (northeast) side of the fault is a 10 square mile (26 square kilometers) area which contains a zone in the alluvial ground‐water basin that formerly was under artesian pressure and consisted of swampy lands with a history of flowing wells, springs, and ground‐water discharge to Warm Creek.
Since about 1945, water levels have declined more than 100 feet (30 meters), and the swampy lands have dried up and are now highly urbanized. Basin replenishment by artificial recharge of imported northern California water at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains may cause ground‐water levels to rise again in the area that was formerly swampy land. If this should happen, building foundations and basements could be subjected to structural damage and flooding by renewed flowing of unplugged artesian wells.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, is developing a two‐layer digital model to aid in predicting the rate and extent of the rise in water levels. The solution to the mathematical equations used in the model was approximated numerically by the Galerkin finite‐element method. The water district desires to evaluate water management alternatives, such as varying location, distribution, amounts of recharge, and pumping centers, to avoid excessive water level rises that could indicate an overfilling of the basin and could cause damage.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03257.x","usgsCitation":"Hardt, W.F., and Hutchinson, C.B., 1978, Model aids planners in predicting rising ground-water levels in San Bernardino, California: Groundwater, v. 16, no. 6, p. 424-431, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1978.tb03257.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"431","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Berndardino","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardt, William F.","contributorId":70013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, C. B.","contributorId":94655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162295,"text":"70162295 - 1978 - Refraction studies between Icy Bay and Kayak Island, eastern Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-08T16:53:26","indexId":"70162295","displayToPublicDate":"1978-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Refraction studies between Icy Bay and Kayak Island, eastern Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Results of five seismic refraction lines shot by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Gulf of Alaska between Icy Bay and Kayak Island indicate the following: (1) The Continental Shelf is underlain by as much as 11 km of sedimentary rock of probable Tertiary age where refraction velocities range from 1.2 to 5.5 kilometers per second; (2) a section approximately 5 km thick, which has velocities of 4.1-5.5 km/s and which could represent the Orca Group (lower Tertiary), is present in the western part of the study area but not in the eastern part; and (3) consistent basement velocities of approximately 7.0 km/s could indicate oceanic crust underlying the continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Bayer, K., Mattick, R., Bruns, T., and Plafker, G., 1978, Refraction studies between Icy Bay and Kayak Island, eastern Gulf of Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 5, p. 625-636.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"625","endPage":"636","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue5/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska, Icy Bay, Kayak Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 63\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a0bdcae4b0961cf280dc26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bayer, K.C.","contributorId":45714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayer","given":"K.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mattick, R.E.","contributorId":85162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruns, T.R.","contributorId":96683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruns","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012408,"text":"70012408 - 1978 - Lithium-bearing rocks of the Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T15:17:44.471846","indexId":"70012408","displayToPublicDate":"1978-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1505,"text":"Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithium-bearing rocks of the Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The Horse Spring Formation of Miocene age in Clark County, Nevada, contains as much as 0.5% Li in individual samples. Rock sequences which average 0.1% Li range from 3 m thick near Gold Butte (south of Mesquite, Nev.) to as much as 40 m thick near Lava Butte (east of Las Vegas, Nev.) about 75 km to the west. The lithium-bearing beds are light colored to white and contain hectorite in a dolomite, magnesite, or calcite matrix. Varied amounts of gypsum, halite, celestite, clinoptilolite, quartz, feldspar, biolite and colemanite are also present locally. Hectorite is the only lithium mineral recognized to date.
The lithium-rich rocks contain low concentrations of most other minor elements except that boron and strontium are enriched. Rarely, barium, arsenic, and zinc are present in anomalously large amounts.
The lithium-enriched part of the Horse Spring Formation was formed from a series of volcanic ashes which were deposited in a playa. Relict volcanic ash is recognizable in thin sections as remnant glass shards and vitroclastic textures. Most of the original glass has been altered to clay minerals, carbonate minerals, or zeolites, presumably through interaction with highly saline pore waters. Abundant evidence of spring activity suggests that thermal waters played a part in releasing the lithium from volcanic materials.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0360-5442(78)90021-X","usgsCitation":"Brenner-Tourtelot, E.F., and Glanzman, R.K., 1978, Lithium-bearing rocks of the Horse Spring Formation, Clark County, Nevada: Energy, v. 3, no. 3, p. 255-262, https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(78)90021-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"262","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","otherGeospatial":"Horse Spring Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.05374232611656,\n 36.42386016202295\n ],\n [\n -114.87970101824956,\n 36.42386016202295\n ],\n [\n -114.87970101824956,\n 35.94407538325308\n ],\n [\n -114.05374232611656,\n 35.94407538325308\n ],\n [\n -114.05374232611656,\n 36.42386016202295\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a482fe4b0c8380cd67c96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brenner-Tourtelot, Elizabeth F.","contributorId":103672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner-Tourtelot","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glanzman, Richard K.","contributorId":19550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glanzman","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70232920,"text":"70232920 - 1978 - Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T14:51:04.73016","indexId":"70232920","displayToPublicDate":"1978-05-01T09:43:12","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California","docAbstract":"During pluvial periods of the Pleistocene and Holocene, a large river flowed south from Owens Lake to China Lake between the Sierra Nevada and the Coso Range. The most recent channel, dry during historic time, is clearly marked by cliffs and falls. An older, now-abandoned part of the channel beneath Pleistocene lavas east of the present course is inferred from a meander-shaped ridge in Mesozoic basement rocks and a strong positive magnetic anomaly, presumably produced by a wedge of canyon-filling basalt. Three cycles of eruption and stream erosion have occurred along the present course. The first resulted when water impounded by damming of the now-abandoned eastern course found its way along the west margin of a basalt flow at the base of the Sierra Nevada escarpment, eventually carving a canyon at least 150 meters deep. Subsequently, two cycles, each consisting of an intracanyon basalt flow followed by major stream erosion, modified this canyon to its present configuration. A potassium-argon age of about 440000 years before present for the oldest of the three eroded lavas indicates that the river was not diverted from its easterly course until after that time. The age and character of lacustrine deposits in Searles Lake, a downstream part of the same drainage system, indicate that the greatest discharge of the river, and therefore, erosion of the two younger lavas since 440000 years B.P., probably occurred between 130000 and 10000 years B.P. An estimate of the rate of erosion during this period of time together with loosely constrained potassium-argon ages for the basalt of intermediate age suggests that the youngest lava is probably a few tens of thousands of years old and the intermediate lava somewhat less than 100000 years old. The youthfulness of the youngest basalt suggests that a fourth cycle of an intracanyon lava flow followed by stream erosion is a likely event for the near geologic future.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., and Smith, G., 1978, Pleistocene history of volcanism and the Owens River near Little Lake, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 3, p. 395-408.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"408","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403608,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue3/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Little Lake","otherGeospatial":"Owens River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.2,\n 35.594785665487244\n ],\n [\n -117.54959106445312,\n 35.594785665487244\n ],\n [\n -117.54959106445312,\n 36.6\n ],\n [\n -118.2,\n 36.6\n ],\n [\n -118.2,\n 35.594785665487244\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, George I.","contributorId":57096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"George I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}