{"pageNumber":"3793","pageRowStart":"94800","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":1014784,"text":"1014784 - 1996 - Improved access to software published in the Wildlife Society Bulletin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:04","indexId":"1014784","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved access to software published in the Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"97-088/AE","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 1996, Improved access to software published in the Wildlife Society Bulletin: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 339-339.","startPage":"339","endPage":"339","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130735,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018634,"text":"70018634 - 1996 - Cadmium in the California Current system: Tracer of past and present upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-14T07:34:50","indexId":"70018634","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cadmium in the California Current system: Tracer of past and present upwelling","docAbstract":"

Over 100 samples were collected off the west coast of North America during 1991–1993 to determine the relation between wind‐driven upwelling and nearshore concentrations of dissolved silicate (Si), phosphate (P), and cadmium (Cd). Highly enriched in deep water offshore, these constituents are sensitive indicators of upwelling. Coastal water was sampled from the shore in January and June 1992 at 12 sites distributed between 36° and 48°N latitude. In January the composition of nearshore water along this transect was fairly uniform: 5–15 μmol/kg for Si, 0.5 to 1.0 μmol/kg for P, and 0.1–0.3 nmol/kg for Cd. In June, elevated concentrations of Si (30 μmol/kg), P (2.0 μmol/kg), and Cd (0.6 nmol/kg) revealed a region of intense upwelling between 38° and 40°N. The pattern is broadly consistent with meridional gradients in coastal upwelling calculated from the long‐term mean of alongshore winds compiled from ship reports. Nearshore water was also collected biweekly to monthly at two sites 3 km apart near San Francisco Bay (37.5°N) during 1991–1993. The variability seen in the time series suggests that the composition of nearshore water integrates the effect of alongshore winds over timescales of several weeks. Seasonal variations in Si (5–50 μmol/kg), P (0.5–2.5 μmol/kg), and Cd (0.1–0.8 nmol/kg) concentrations were consistent with upwelling during spring and summer. Maximum Si, P, and Cd concentrations reached in May 1991 were consistent with advection to the very nearshore region from a depth of about 300 m relative to a vertical profile at a distance of 200 km from the coast. Nearshore Si, P, and Cd concentrations were reduced relative to 1991 in 1992, and, to a lesser extent, in 1993 due to weaker upwelling linked to the warm phase of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. During periods of weaker upwelling or downwelling, variations in P, Si, and Cd concentrations became uncoupled. There is a good correlation between the coastal Cd time series near San Francisco Bay (37.5°N) and a second order polynomial function of the upwelling index of Bakun [1975] at 36°N, filtered with a 30‐day running mean (r2 = 0.71, n = 39). The index is a daily estimate of coastal upwelling calculated from 6‐hourly mean atmospheric pressure distributions at 36°N. From this function and a record of daily upwelling indices, we infer a range of annually averaged coastal Cd concentrations of at least 0.3–0.5 nmol/kg since 1967. Cd/Ca ratios in shells of foraminifera from San Francisco Bay suggest that average coastal Cd concentrations 3500–4500 years ago were at the upper end of this range.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/95JC03302","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"VanGeen, A., and Husby, D., 1996, Cadmium in the California Current system: Tracer of past and present upwelling: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 101, no. C2, p. 3489-3507, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC03302.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"3489","endPage":"3507","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"C2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-02-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2ede4b0c8380cd4b4b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanGeen, A.","contributorId":84086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanGeen","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Husby, D.M.","contributorId":33860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Husby","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018595,"text":"70018595 - 1996 - Trace fossils and sedimentary facies from a Late Cambrian‐Early Ordovician tide‐dominated shelf (Santa Rosita Formation, northwest Argentina): Implications for ichnofacies models of shallow marine successions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T15:46:15","indexId":"70018595","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1965,"text":"Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces","onlineIssn":"1563-5236","printIssn":"1042-0940","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace fossils and sedimentary facies from a Late Cambrian‐Early Ordovician tide‐dominated shelf (Santa Rosita Formation, northwest Argentina): Implications for ichnofacies models of shallow marine successions","docAbstract":"

The Santa Rosita Formation is one the most widely distributed lower Paleozoic units of northwest Argentina. At the Quebrada del Salto Alto section, east of Purmamarca, Jujuy Province, it is represented by four sedimentary facies: thick‐bedded planar cross‐stratified quartzose sandstones (A), thin‐bedded planar cross‐stratified quartzose sandstones and mudstones (B), wave‐rippled sandstones and bioturbated mudstones (C), and black and greenish gray shales (D). Paleocurrent data, sandstone architecture, and sedimentary structures from faciès A and B indicate bipolar/bimodal paleoflows, suggesting the action of tidal currents. The succession is interpreted as that of a tide‐dominated shelf, with only secondary influence of wave processes. Trace fossils are restricted to facies B and C.

The Cruziana ichnocoenosis is preserved on the soles of thin‐bedded planar cross‐stratified quartzose sandstones (faciès B). This ichnocoenosis consists of Conostichus isp., Cruziana omanica, C. semiplicata, C. cf. tortworthi, Cruziana isp. Helminthopsis abeli, Monomorphichnus bilinearis, M. multilineatus, Palaeophycus tubularis, Rusophycus carbonarias, R. latus, and R. isp. The occurrence of Cruziana semiplicata, C. omanica, C. cf. tortworthi, and Rusophycus latus supports a Late Cambrian‐Tremadoc age. Slabbing of Cruziana shows complex interactions between biologic and sedimentologic processes, and suggests a predominance of exhumed traces, washed out and recast by tractive sand deposition. Sandstone soles are densely packed with biogenic structures and exhibit distinctive clusters of Rusophycus isp. that most likely represent trilobite nesting burrows. The Cruziana ichnocoenosis records the resident fauna of a protected, lower intertidal to subtidal interbar setting.

The Skolithos ichnocoenosis is represented by high to low density vertical burrows of Skolithos linearis, which extend downwards to the quartzose sandstone soles of faciès B and cross the Cruziana ichnocoenosis. The Skolithos ichnocoenosis represents colonization by suspension‐feeding organisms following a major change in environmental conditions, related to the migration of lower intertidal to subtidal sandwaves.

The Planolites ichnocoenosis consists exclusively of Planolites montanus within mudstones overlying wave‐rippled sandstones (facies C). The Planolites ichnocoenosis records opportunistic colonization by inf aunal deposit feeders that mined the organic‐rich fine‐grained sediment during the waning phase of storms that scoured organic detritus from the sea bottom.

The section records, from base to top, a Cruziana‐Skolithos ichnofacies zone, a Skolithos ichnofacies zone and an unbioturbated zone typified by the thick‐bedded cross‐stratified quartzose sandstone (fades A). This trend reflects progressively higher energy conditions linked to the establishment of a large sand wave complex. The presence of a mixed Cruziana‐Skolithos ichnofacies in the lower interval reflects changes in substrate and energy levels, rather than water depth. Accordingly, contrasting ichnocoenoses from interbars (Cruziana) and sandwaves (Skolithos) must be considered an example of ichnofacies controlled by local parameters instead of general bathymétrie trends. Conversely, the vertical replacement of the Cruziana ichnofacies by the Skolithos ichnofacies towards the middle interval of the section reflects the environmental changes associated with the transition between the intertidal and subtidal zones. As overall tidal energy increases from supratidal to subtidal settings, the Skolithos ichnofacies tends to occur seaward of the Cruzianaichnofacies in tide‐dominated shallow marine environments. Therefore, onshore‐offshore ichnofacies replacement in tide‐dominated shallow seas is opposite to that in wave‐dominated marine settings.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10420949609386406","usgsCitation":"Mángano, M., Buatois, L.A., and Acenolaza, G.F., 1996, Trace fossils and sedimentary facies from a Late Cambrian‐Early Ordovician tide‐dominated shelf (Santa Rosita Formation, northwest Argentina): Implications for ichnofacies models of shallow marine successions: Ichnos: An International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, v. 5, no. 1, p. 53-88, https://doi.org/10.1080/10420949609386406.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-65.5,-55.2],[-66.45,-55.25],[-66.95992,-54.89681],[-67.56244,-54.87001],[-68.63335,-54.8695],[-68.63401,-52.63637],[-68.25,-53.1],[-67.75,-53.85],[-66.45,-54.45],[-65.05,-54.7],[-65.5,-55.2]]],[[[-64.96489,-22.07586],[-64.37702,-22.79809],[-63.98684,-21.99364],[-62.84647,-22.03499],[-62.68506,-22.24903],[-60.84656,-23.88071],[-60.02897,-24.0328],[-58.80713,-24.77146],[-57.77722,-25.16234],[-57.63366,-25.60366],[-58.61817,-27.12372],[-57.60976,-27.3959],[-56.4867,-27.5485],[-55.69585,-27.38784],[-54.78879,-26.62179],[-54.62529,-25.73926],[-54.13005,-25.54764],[-53.62835,-26.12487],[-53.64874,-26.92347],[-54.49073,-27.47476],[-55.16229,-27.88192],[-56.2909,-28.85276],[-57.62513,-30.21629],[-57.87494,-31.01656],[-58.14244,-32.0445],[-58.13265,-33.04057],[-58.34961,-33.26319],[-58.42707,-33.90945],[-58.49544,-34.43149],[-57.22583,-35.28803],[-57.36236,-35.97739],[-56.73749,-36.41313],[-56.78829,-36.90157],[-57.74916,-38.18387],[-59.23186,-38.72022],[-61.23745,-38.92842],[-62.33596,-38.82771],[-62.12576,-39.4241],[-62.33053,-40.17259],[-62.14599,-40.6769],[-62.7458,-41.02876],[-63.77049,-41.16679],[-64.73209,-40.80268],[-65.11804,-41.06431],[-64.97856,-42.058],[-64.30341,-42.35902],[-63.75595,-42.04369],[-63.45806,-42.56314],[-64.3788,-42.87356],[-65.1818,-43.49538],[-65.32882,-44.50137],[-65.56527,-45.03679],[-66.50997,-45.03963],[-67.29379,-45.5519],[-67.58055,-46.30177],[-66.59707,-47.03392],[-65.64103,-47.23613],[-65.98509,-48.13329],[-67.16618,-48.69734],[-67.81609,-49.86967],[-68.72875,-50.26422],[-69.13854,-50.73251],[-68.81556,-51.7711],[-68.14999,-52.34998],[-68.57155,-52.29944],[-69.49836,-52.14276],[-71.9148,-52.00902],[-72.3294,-51.42596],[-72.30997,-50.67701],[-72.97575,-50.74145],[-73.32805,-50.37879],[-73.41544,-49.31844],[-72.64825,-48.87862],[-72.33116,-48.24424],[-72.44736,-47.73853],[-71.91726,-46.88484],[-71.55201,-45.56073],[-71.65932,-44.97369],[-71.22278,-44.78424],[-71.3298,-44.40752],[-71.79362,-44.20717],[-71.46406,-43.78761],[-71.91542,-43.40856],[-72.1489,-42.25489],[-71.7468,-42.05139],[-71.91573,-40.83234],[-71.68076,-39.80816],[-71.41352,-38.91602],[-70.81466,-38.553],[-71.11863,-37.57683],[-71.12188,-36.65812],[-70.36477,-36.00509],[-70.38805,-35.16969],[-69.81731,-34.19357],[-69.81478,-33.27389],[-70.0744,-33.09121],[-70.53507,-31.36501],[-69.91901,-30.33634],[-70.01355,-29.36792],[-69.65613,-28.45914],[-69.00123,-27.52121],[-68.29554,-26.89934],[-68.5948,-26.50691],[-68.386,-26.18502],[-68.41765,-24.51855],[-67.32844,-24.0253],[-66.98523,-22.98635],[-67.10667,-22.73592],[-66.27334,-21.83231],[-64.96489,-22.07586]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Argentina\"}}]}","volume":"5","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb665e4b08c986b326c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mángano, M. Gabriela","contributorId":57619,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mángano","given":"M. Gabriela","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":380163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buatois, Luis A. 0000-0001-9523-750X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-750X","contributorId":195823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buatois","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35641,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":380165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Acenolaza, Guillermo F.","contributorId":24936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Acenolaza","given":"Guillermo","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018551,"text":"70018551 - 1996 - Infiltration and solute transport experiments in unsaturated sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Experimental design and overview of results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-19T06:02:23","indexId":"70018551","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infiltration and solute transport experiments in unsaturated sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Experimental design and overview of results","docAbstract":"

A series of infiltration and tracer experiments was conducted in unsaturated sand and gravel deposits on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A network of 112 porous cup lysimeters and 168 time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes was deployed at depths from 0.25 to 2.0 m below ground surface along the centerline of a 2-m by 10-m test plot. The test plot was irrigated at rates ranging from 7.9 to 37.0 cm h−1 through a sprinkler system. Transient and steady state water content distributions were monitored with the TDR probes and spatial properties of water content distributions were determined from the TDR data. The spatial variance of the water content tended to increase as the average water content increased. In addition, estimated horizontal correlation length scales for water content were significantly smaller than those estimated by previous investigators for saturated hydraulic conductivity. Under steady state flow conditions at each irrigation rate, a sodium chloride solution was released as a tracer at ground surface and tracked with both the lysimeter and TDR networks. Transect-averaged breakthrough curves at each monitoring depth were constructed both from solute concentrations measured in the water samples and flux concentrations inferred from the TDR measurements. Transport properties, including apparent solute velocities, dispersion coefficients, and total mass balances, were determined independently from both sets of breakthrough curves. The dispersion coefficients tended to increase with depth, reaching a constant value with the lysimeter data and appearing to increase continually with the TDR data. The variations with depth of the solute transport parameters, along with observations of water and solute mass balance and spatial distributions of water content, provide evidence of significant three-dimensional flow during the irrigation experiments. The TDR methods are shown to efficiently provide dense spatial and temporal data sets for both flow and solute transport in unsaturated sediments with minimal sediment and flow field disturbance. Combined implementation of lysimeters and TDR probes can enhance data interpretation particularly when three-dimensional flow conditions are anticipated.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02972","usgsCitation":"Rudolph, D.L., Kachanoski, R.G., Celia, M.A., LeBlanc, D.R., and Stevens, J.H., 1996, Infiltration and solute transport experiments in unsaturated sand and gravel, Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Experimental design and overview of results: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 519-532, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02972.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"532","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/95wr02972","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3af2e4b0c8380cd620d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudolph, David L.","contributorId":189474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudolph","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kachanoski, R. Gary","contributorId":189475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kachanoski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Celia, Michael A.","contributorId":189683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Celia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevens, Jonathon H.","contributorId":29497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Jonathon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019084,"text":"70019084 - 1996 - Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70019084","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1813,"text":"Geoscience Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera","docAbstract":"Porphyry deposits are intrusion-related, large tonnage low grade mineral deposits with metal assemblages that may include all or some of copper, molybdenum, gold and silver. The genesis of these deposits is related to the emplacement of intermediate to felsic, hypabyssal, generally porphyritic intrusions that are commonly formed at convergent plate margins. Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera occur in association with two distinctive intrusive suites: calc-alkalic and alkalic. In the Canadian Cordillera, these deposits formed during two separate time periods: Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic (early Mesozoic), and Late Cretaceous to Eocene (Mesozoic-Cenozoic). Deposits of the early Mesozoic period occur in at least three different arc terranes (Wrangellia, Stikinia and Quesnellia) with a single deposit occurring in the oceanic assemblage of the Cache Creek terrane. These terranes were located outboard from continental North America during formation of most of their contained early Mesozoic porphyry deposits. Some of the deposits of this early period may have been emplaced during terrane collisions. Metal assemblages in deposits of the calc-alkalic suite include Mo-Cu (Brenda), Cu-Mo (Highland Valley, Gibraltar), Cu-Mo-Au-Ag (Island Copper, Schaft Creek) and Cu-Au (Kemess, Kerr).The alkalic suite deposits are characterized by a Cu-Au assemblage (Copper Mountain, Afton-Ajax, Mt. Milligan, Mount Polley, Galore Creek). Although silver is recovered from calc-alkalic and alkalic porphyry copper mining operations, silver data are seldom included in the published reserve figures. Those available are in the range of 1-2 grams per tonne (g??t-1). Alkalic suite deposits are restricted to the early Mesozoic and display distinctive petrology, alteration and mineralization that suggest a similar tectonic setting for both Quesnellia and Stikinia in Early Jurassic time. The younger deposits, late Mesozoic to Cenozoic in age, formed in an intracontinental setting, after the outboard host arc and related terranes accreted to the western margin of North America. These deposits are interpreted to occur in continental arc settings, and individual deposits are hosted by a variety of older country rocks. These younger deposits also show a spectrum of metal associations: Cu-Mo (Huckleberry, Berg), Cu-Au (-Mo) (Bell, Granisle, Fish Lake, Casino), Mo (Endako, Boss Mountain, Kit-sault, Quartz Hill), Mo-W (Logtung), Au-W (Dublin Gulch) and Au (Ft. Knox). There may be a continuum between Mo, Mo-W, Au-Mo-W and Au deposits. The distribution and timing of these post-accretion deposits likely reflect major crustal structures and subduction geometry. Cordilleran porphyry metallic deposits show the full range of morphological and depth relationships found in porphyry deposits worldwide. In addition, the Cordillera contains numerous alkalic suite deposits, which are rare worldwide: the unusual, possibly syntectonic Gibraltar deposit; and end-member gold-rich granite-hosted deposits, such as Ft. Knox (Alaska).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscience Canada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03150941","usgsCitation":"McMillan, W., Thompson, J.F., Hart, C., and Johnston, S., 1996, Porphyry deposits of the Canadian Cordillera: Geoscience Canada, v. 23, no. 3, p. 125-134.","startPage":"125","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7de8e4b0c8380cd7a22b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMillan, W.J.","contributorId":86121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMillan","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, J. F. H.","contributorId":18519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, C.J.R.","contributorId":67228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"C.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnston, S.T.","contributorId":81647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018087,"text":"70018087 - 1996 - The Westphalian D fossil lepidodendrid forest at Table Head, Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia: Sedimentology, paleoecology and floral response to changing edaphic conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T12:56:57.300894","indexId":"70018087","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Westphalian D fossil lepidodendrid forest at Table Head, Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia: Sedimentology, paleoecology and floral response to changing edaphic conditions","docAbstract":"

Strata of Westphalian D age on the western coast of the Sydney Basin expose a fossil forest of approximately 30 lepidodendrid trees within one of several clastic splits of the Harbour Seam. A multidisciplinary approach was employed to interpret the origins of the coat bed, the depositional history of the site and the response of the fossil forest to changing edaphic conditions. The megaspore and miospore records indicate that the mire vegetation was dominated by arboreous lycopsids, especially Paralycopodites, with subdominant tree ferns. Petrographic, palynological and geochemical evidence suggest that the Harbour coal bed at Table Head originated as a rheotrophic (cf. planar) mire (eutric histosol). The mire forest is interpreted to have been engulfed by prograding distributary-channel sediments; sparse protist assemblages are suggestive of a freshwater delta-plain lake environment occasionally in contact with brackish waters. Lepidodendrids persisted as site colonizers of clastic substrates even after burial of the rheotrophic peatland and influenced the morphology of deposited sediment, but apparently were unable to colonize distributary channels. Equivocal taxonomic data (compression fossils) show the fossil forest to have been composed of both monocarpic (Lepidodendron) and polycarpic (Diaphorodendron, Paralycopodites, ?Sigillaria) lycopsids, genera recorded in the palynology of the uppermost ply of the underlying coal bed. Comparatively rare within the clastic beds of the fossil forest, however, is the stem compression of Paralycopodites, whose dispersed megapores and miospores dominate the underlying coal bed. Tree diameter data recorded equivalent to breast height indicate a forest of mixed age. These data would appear to suggest that some lepidodendrids employing a polycarpic reproductive strategy were better able to cross the ecological barrier imposed between peat and clastic substrates. Foliar compressions indicate that an understory or stand of Psaronius type tree ferns co-existed with the lepidodendrids on clastic substrates, which developed as incipient gleysol soils. The entombment of the forest can be ascribed to its distributary coastal setting, local subsidence and a seasonal climate that fostered wildfire and increased sedimentation.




","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00020-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Calder, J., Gibling, M., Eble, C., Scott, A., and MacNeil, D., 1996, The Westphalian D fossil lepidodendrid forest at Table Head, Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia: Sedimentology, paleoecology and floral response to changing edaphic conditions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 31, no. 1-4, p. 277-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00020-1.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"313","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba983e4b08c986b3222fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calder, J.H.","contributorId":89682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calder","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibling, M.R.","contributorId":93228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibling","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scott, A.C.","contributorId":45072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"MacNeil, D.J.","contributorId":70949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacNeil","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018622,"text":"70018622 - 1996 - Beach-ridge development in Lake Michigan: Shoreline behavior in response to quasi-periodic lake-level events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T11:03:55.579916","indexId":"70018622","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach-ridge development in Lake Michigan: Shoreline behavior in response to quasi-periodic lake-level events","docAbstract":"

Strandplains of arcuate beach ridges are common in coastal embayments in parts of the Great Lakes. Similarities in beach-ridge development and geomorphology are recognizable in many of the embayments in the Lake Michigan basin despite differences in size and shape, available sediment type and supply, predepositional slope and topography, and hydrographic regime between the embayments. These similarities are primarily a product of three scales of quasiperiodic lake-level variation ranging in time from 30 to 600 years and in water level change from 0.5 to 3.7 m. The interaction of these three lake-level variations can be represented on a Curray (1964) diagram (rate of water level change versus rate of sediment supply). The position of any shoreline on the diagram and the type of behavior the shoreline is experiencing is a product of the interaction of the three variations.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(95)00110-7","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Thompson, T., and Baedke, S., 1996, Beach-ridge development in Lake Michigan: Shoreline behavior in response to quasi-periodic lake-level events: Marine Geology, v. 129, no. 1-2, p. 163-174, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(95)00110-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227127,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f032e4b0c8380cd4a649","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, T.A.","contributorId":73226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baedke, S.J.","contributorId":14585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedke","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016166,"text":"1016166 - 1996 - Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-19T15:22:11","indexId":"1016166","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5103,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","printIssn":"0197-9922","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"

Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) are associated with lower elevation, commercially valuable, late-successional coniferous forests in the Pacific Northwest. Meta-analyses of demographic parameters indicate that Northern Spotted Owl populations are declining throughout their range (Anderson and Burnham 1992, Burnham et al. this volume). Recent research has attempted to determine whether management activities have affected the viability of Spotted Owl populations, and results have led to development of conservation plans for the species (Dawson et al. 1987, Thomas et al. 1990, Murphy and Noon 1992, USDI 1992, Thomas et al. 1993b).

In the Recovery Plan for the Northern Spotted Owl (USDI 1992b) threats to the species were identified as small population sizes, declining populations, limited amounts of habitat, continued loss and fragmentation of habitat, geographically isolated populations, and predation and competition from other avian species. Weather and fire are natural processes that also may affect reproductive success of Spotted Owls. Weather may be a factor in the high annual variability in fecundity of Spotted Owls, as has been suggested for other predatory bird species (Newton, 1979, 1986). However, these factors have not been addressed in previous studies of Spotted Owls.

Our objectives were to estimate survival, fecundity, and annual rates of population change (l) for resident, territorial female Spotted Owls at two study areas in the coastal mountains of southwestern Oregon. We tested if the amount of rainfall was correlated with reproduction of Spotted Owls. While surveying for Spotted Owls, we documented the increased presence of Barred Owls (Strix varia), a potential competitor of Spotted Owls.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Demography of the Northern Spotted Owl","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceDate":"December, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","isbn":"0935868836 ","usgsCitation":"Zabel, C.J., and Salmons, S.E., 1996, Demography of Northern Spotted Owls in southwestern Oregon, chap. of Demography of the Northern Spotted Owl: Studies in Avian Biology, v. 17, p. 77-82.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://sora.unm.edu/node/82"},{"id":333482,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/zabel/zabel4.PDF"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ece4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Forsman, Eric D.","contributorId":96792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forsman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659116,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeStefano, Stephen 0000-0003-2472-8373 destef@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2472-8373","contributorId":166706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeStefano","given":"Stephen","email":"destef@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":659117,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Raphael, Martin G.","contributorId":31322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raphael","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659118,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659119,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Zabel, Cynthia J.","contributorId":73552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zabel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salmons, Susan E.","contributorId":47747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Salmons","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27110,"text":"U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":323660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1014912,"text":"1014912 - 1996 - Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Interaction with cortisol","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:18:40.306993","indexId":"1014912","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Interaction with cortisol","title":"Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Interaction with cortisol","docAbstract":"

The potential roles of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in seawater (SW) acclimation of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were examined. Compared to controls, fish in 12 ppt seawater given one or three injections (2–6 days) of GH (ovine, 0.2μg · g−1) or IGF-I (recombinant bovine, 0.05–0.2μg · g−1) had significantly greater salinity tolerance as judged by lower plasma sodium, osmolality, and muscle moisture content following transfer to 34 ppt. Single injections of GH and IGF-I in fish in fresh water failed to improve salinity tolerance following transfer to 25 ppt SW. Treatment of fish in 12 ppt with GH or IGF-I for 2–6 days did not increase gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, but treatment with GH prevented decreases in gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity that occurred in controls following transfer to 34 ppt seawater. Fish in fresh water administered GH by implants (5.0μg · g−1) or osmotic minipumps (0.5μg · g−1day−1) for 7–14 days had greater gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and salinity tolerance than controls. IGF-I administered by implants (0.5–1.0μg · g−1) or osmotic minipumps (0.1μg · g−1day−1) for 4–14 days did not increase salinity tolerance or gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. Cortisol implants (50μg · g−1) also increased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity and salinity tolerance after 14 days, and in combination with GH had a synergistic effect. Although IGF-I and cortisol implants had no significant effect after 7 days, in combination they significantly increased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity. The results indicate that GH and cortisol can increase salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity of Atlantic salmon and together act in synergy. Although IGF-I can increase salinity tolerance in short-term treatments (2–6 days) in 12 ppt, it is less effective than GH in increasing salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in long-term treatments (7–14 days) and in interacting with cortisol.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1006/gcen.1996.0002","usgsCitation":"McCormick, S., 1996, Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on salinity tolerance and gill Na+, K+ and -ATPase in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Interaction with cortisol: General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 101, no. 1, p. 3-11, https://doi.org/10.1006/gcen.1996.0002.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132112,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db6152c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, S. D. 0000-0003-0621-6200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":20278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014827,"text":"1014827 - 1996 - A semiclosed recirculating water system for high-density culture of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-23T15:25:11.671599","indexId":"1014827","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A semiclosed recirculating water system for high-density culture of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"

Water recirculating systems for fish culture are potentially desirable for conserving water and reducing heating requirements, maximizing production of fish under water and space limitations, minimizing effluent problems, and maintaining better control over environmental factors. A semiclosed recirculating‐water system for intensive culture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss is described. The system used self‐cleaning, rectangular, cross‐flow rearing tanks (water volume, 9 m3 each), multistage oxygenators, microscreen filters, and a sidestreamed, fluidized‐bed biological filter. Rainbow trout were reared under continuous culture conditions, with periodic stocking and periodic selective harvesting. Makeup water entered at 47.3 L/min, producing a newwater turnover time of 9.2 h. Steady‐state and maximum fish biomass densities and loading rates were estimated to be 66.0 and 74.6 kg/m3 and 2.50 and 2.83 kg·L–1·min–1, respectively. Steady‐state gross productivity was estimated to be 6,257 kg/year (120 kg/week). Overall food conversion (feed fed/fish weight gained) was 1.33. The system performed satisfactorily and provided data for refining future designs. Subsequent modifications of equipment and operating procedures may have made the system economically viable under some pricing scenarios.

","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1996)058%3C0011:ASRWSF%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Heinen, J., Hankins, J.A., Weber, A., and Watten, B., 1996, A semiclosed recirculating water system for high-density culture of rainbow trout: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 58, p. 11-22, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1996)058%3C0011:ASRWSF%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"22","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a653b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinen, J.M.","contributorId":67041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinen","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hankins, J. A.","contributorId":65035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hankins","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, A.L.","contributorId":53329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watten, B.J. 0000-0002-2227-8623","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":11537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":321292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1014655,"text":"1014655 - 1996 - A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag system for monitoring fishways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T16:14:27.053756","indexId":"1014655","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag system for monitoring fishways","docAbstract":"

An application of passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology was used to monitor movements of adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima), blueback herring (A. aestivalis) and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) in two experimental fishways. Tag reading efficiency was between 88–96%, detection ranges were 50–100 cm from orifices of 3100–9600 cm2, and read rates were 5–7 Hz. The system was limited by the amount of time that tags were exposed to the energize/detect zone, and by simultaneous presences of large numbers of tags within this zone.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-7836(96)00514-0","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., Haro, A., and Walk, S., 1996, A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag system for monitoring fishways: Fisheries Research, v. 28, no. 3, p. 253-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(96)00514-0.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130700,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab85b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haro, Alexander 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":139198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walk, S.","contributorId":35267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walk","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014645,"text":"1014645 - 1996 - Hepatic neoplasms in wild common carp","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-18T12:08:59.366603","indexId":"1014645","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2177,"text":"Journal of Aquatic Animal Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hepatic neoplasms in wild common carp","docAbstract":"

Common carp Cyprinus carpio from West Point Lake, Georgia-Alabama, were sampled (N = 81) during fall 1991. Gross examination revealed single nodules in the livers of four fish; representative tissues from all sampled fish were preserved for histological examination. One of the four nodules was a hepatocellular adenoma and the other three were hepatocellular carcinomas. Two additional neoplasms, a cholangioma and a cholangiocellular carcinoma, were found in one of the nodule-containing livers. Nonneoplastic liver changes that were found microscopically included nuclear pleomorphism, hepatic megalocytosis, and occurrence of clear cell foci. Possible predisposing factors, including exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are discussed. These are the first reported cases of hepatic neoplasms in common carp, a species generally considered resistant to hepatocellular neoplasia.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0111:HNIWCC>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pritchard, M., Fournie, J., and Blazer, V., 1996, Hepatic neoplasms in wild common carp: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, v. 8, p. 111-119, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1996)008<0111:HNIWCC>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pritchard, M.K.","contributorId":81058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fournie, J.W.","contributorId":83463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournie","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blazer, V. S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":56991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"V. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1014607,"text":"1014607 - 1996 - Modeling gas transfer and biological respiration in a recirculating aquaculture system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:26:12.22177","indexId":"1014607","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling gas transfer and biological respiration in a recirculating aquaculture system","docAbstract":"

Recirculating aquaculture system applications of oxygen absorption equipment require consideration of the combined effects of the system's physical, chemical and biological components. Interactions of this type were modeled within a recirculating system incorporating a mixed-flow type rearing vessel, a multi-tube clarifier, a rotating biological contactor (RBC) and a U-tube oxygenator. Finite difference mass transfer calculations, based on reactor theory, were used to predict steady-state dissolved gas levels in component effluents given system operating conditions. The model was calibrated and its predictions verified with data obtained from a pilot scale system of 14 m3 capacity: errors in calibrated model predictions (N = 45) average −1·2 mg l−1 (range −4·0 to 0·1 mg l−1). Model use indicated oxygen transfer costs are reduced 48% through recycle of U-tube off-gas. Further savings are provided by increasing the water recirculation rate from 250 to 350 l min−1 with low to moderate fish feed rates and by regulating oxygen injection based on diel variations in fish respiration. Increasing the gas transfer coefficient (KLa) of the RBC reduced oxygen transfer costs despite resultant elevations in dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations. Carbon dioxide stripping across the RBC was substantial, varied with KLa, and increased with water recirculation rates.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(96)00264-6","usgsCitation":"Wood, L.G., Watten, B.J., Haugh, C.G., Libey, G.S., and Dillaha, T.A., 1996, Modeling gas transfer and biological respiration in a recirculating aquaculture system: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 15, no. 5, p. 359-379, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(96)00264-6.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"379","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197560,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69998f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, L. G.","contributorId":80780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haugh, C. G.","contributorId":98414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haugh","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Libey, G. S.","contributorId":63347,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Libey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dillaha, T. A.","contributorId":84037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillaha","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1014539,"text":"1014539 - 1996 - Linkages between chemical contaminants and tumors benthic Great Lakes fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T00:38:30.61734","indexId":"1014539","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linkages between chemical contaminants and tumors benthic Great Lakes fish","docAbstract":"

Cutaneous papilloma have been observed at high prevalences in populations of brown bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) distributed throughout the Great Lakes, with no clear-cut delineation between prevalences in fish populations from industrialized sites in comparison to more pristine sites. However, bullhead papilloma prevalences greater than 20% were never observed at pristine reference sites, while high prevalences of sucker papilloma (> 20%) were only observed in populations from the lower Great Lakes. It is probable that there is a viral etiology for papilloma affecting bullheads and suckers, although chemical contaminants may influence the development of these neoplasms through some mechanism. Hepatic neoplasms of both cholangiocytic and hepatocytic origin have been observed at relatively high prevalences in Great Lakes populations of brown bullheads and white suckers. Prevalences of total hepatic neoplasms of > 9% in bullheads and > 3% in suckers were usually only observed in populations from industrialized areas of the Great Lakes. However, relatively high prevalences of hepatic neoplasms were also observed in suckers and bullheads from pristine areas where there is a preponderance of older fish in the population. In the case of both bullheads and suckers, high prevalences of hepatic neoplasms appear to be associated with severe biliary disease (e.g. cholangiofibrosis, cholangiohepatitis). It is highly probable that the etiology of hepatic cancers in bullheads and suckers from the Great Lakes is associated with exposure to chemical contaminants, and in some areas, specifically with exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. However, other chemical contaminants may indirectly influence hepatic tumor rates by increasing the severity of biliary disease in fish from contaminated areas. Overall, cutaneous papilloma prevalences above approximately 25% and hepatic neoplasm prevalences above approximately 5% in these species should be interpreted as an indicator of environmental degradation in the area where fish were surveyed.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70946-2","usgsCitation":"Baumann, P.C., Smith, I., and Metcalfe, C., 1996, Linkages between chemical contaminants and tumors benthic Great Lakes fish: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 131-152, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70946-2.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131966,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a5006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baumann, P. C.","contributorId":43297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumann","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, I.R.","contributorId":71932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metcalfe, C.D.","contributorId":35696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metcalfe","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019420,"text":"70019420 - 1996 - Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:33:09","indexId":"70019420","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow","docAbstract":"

The principle that atmospherically derived chloride is a conservative tracer in many watersheds can be used to calculate average annual evapotranspiration or effective moisture if estimates are available for (1) the average annual chloride input to the watershed, (2) the average annual precipitation, and (3) the baseflow chloride concentration are known. The method assumes that no long-term storage of chloride occurs and there is no lithologic source of chloride, or that such source releases only insignificant amounts to groundwater compared to the atmospheric source. National Atmospheric Deposition Program estimates of chloride wet deposition, watershed precipitation records or hyetal map estimates of precipitation input to watersheds, and a single sample of chloride concentration in base flow were used to calculate evapotranspiration for diverse Rocky Mountain watersheds. This estimate was compared to evapotranspiration determined by subtracting mean discharge from precipitation. Of the 19 watersheds used to test the method, 13 agreed within 10%, 2 appear to have not met the lithology criterion, 1 appears to have not met the flow criterion, and 1 neither criterion. The method's greatest strength is the minimal data requirements and its greatest weakness is that for some watersheds it may be difficult to obtain reliable estimates of precipitation and chloride deposition. If reliable discharge data are available, the method may be used to estimate watershed-average precipitation; this is especially useful in high-altitude mountain watersheds where little or no precipitation data are available.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR03111","usgsCitation":"Claassen, H.C., and Halm, D.R., 1996, Estimates of evapotranspiration or effective moisture in Rocky Mountain watersheds from chloride ion concentrations in stream baseflow: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 363-372, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03111.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"363","endPage":"372","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0adfe4b0c8380cd52490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claassen, Hans C.","contributorId":25165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halm, Douglas R. drhalm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halm","given":"Douglas","email":"drhalm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70019261,"text":"70019261 - 1996 - Implications of the Northridge earthquake for strong ground motions from thrust faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-23T11:18:55.759909","indexId":"70019261","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of the Northridge earthquake for strong ground motions from thrust faults","docAbstract":"

The peak accelerations recorded on alluvial sites during the Northridge earthquake were about 50% larger than the median value predicted by current empirical attenuation relations at distances less than about 30 km. This raises the question of whether the ground motions from the Northridge earthquake are anomalous for thrust events or are representative of ground motions expected in future thrust earthquakes. Since the empirical data base contains few strong-motion records close to large-thrust earthquakes, it is difficult to assess whether the Northridge ground motions are anomalous based on recorded data alone. For this reason, we have used a broadband strong-motion simulation procedure to help assess whether the ground motions were anomalous. The simulation procedure has been validated against a large body of strong-motion data from California earthquakes, and so we expect it to produce accurate estimates of ground motions for any given rupture scenario, including blind-thrust events for which no good precedent existed in the strong-motion data base until the occurrence of the Northridge earthquake. The ground motions from the Northridge earthquake and our simulations of these ground motions have a similar pattern of departure from empirical attenuation relations for thrust earthquakes: the peak accelerations are at about the 84th percentile level for distances within 20 to 30 km and follow the median level for larger distances. This same pattern of departure from empirical attenuation relations was obtained in our simulations of the peak accelerations of an Elysian Park blind-thrust event prior to the occurrence of the Northridge earthquake. Since we are able to model this pattern with broadband simulations, and had done so before the Northridge earthquake occurred, this suggests that the Northridge strong-motion records are not anomalous and are representative of ground motions close to thrust faults. Accordingly, it seems appropriate to include these recordings in strong-motion data sets that are used to develop empirical ground-motion attenuation relations for thrust faults and to use this augmented data set as the basis for evaluating the need for modifications in design coefficients in the seismic provisions of building codes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA08601BS115","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Somerville, P., Saikia, C., Wald, D., and Graves, R., 1996, Implications of the Northridge earthquake for strong ground motions from thrust faults: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 86, no. 1B, p. S115-S125, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA08601BS115.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"S115","endPage":"S125","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Northridge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.88042975841473,\n 34.3841704408905\n ],\n [\n -118.88042975841473,\n 34.06168547205796\n ],\n [\n -118.11138678966469,\n 34.06168547205796\n ],\n [\n -118.11138678966469,\n 34.3841704408905\n ],\n [\n -118.88042975841473,\n 34.3841704408905\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a392de4b0c8380cd61825","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Somerville, P.","contributorId":41158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Somerville","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saikia, C.","contributorId":72142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saikia","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wald, D. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":37866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, R.","contributorId":86910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019078,"text":"70019078 - 1996 - Determination of nitroaromatic explosives and their degradation products in unsaturated-zone water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array, mass spectrometric, and tandem mass spectrometric detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:24:53.176314","indexId":"70019078","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3615,"text":"TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of nitroaromatic explosives and their degradation products in unsaturated-zone water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array, mass spectrometric, and tandem mass spectrometric detection","docAbstract":"Mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, coupled by a thermospray interface to a high-performance liguid chromatography system and equipped with a photodiode array detector, were used to determine the presence of nitroaromatic explosives and their degradation products in USA unsaturated-zone water samples. Using this approach, the lower limits of quantitation for explosives determined by mass spectrometry in this study typically ranged from 10 to 100 ng/l.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-9936(96)00050-7","usgsCitation":"Gates, P.M., Furlong, E., Dorsey, T., and Burkhardt, M., 1996, Determination of nitroaromatic explosives and their degradation products in unsaturated-zone water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array, mass spectrometric, and tandem mass spectrometric detection: TrAC - Trends in Analytical Chemistry, v. 15, no. 8, p. 319-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(96)00050-7.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"325","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffb9e4b0c8380cd4f369","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gates, Paul M.","contributorId":31411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, E. T. 0000-0002-7305-4603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":98346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"E. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorsey, T.F.","contributorId":34278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burkhardt, M.R.","contributorId":70410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70019073,"text":"70019073 - 1996 - Incorporation of bacterial extracellular polysaccharide by black fly larvae (Simuliidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T11:40:57.960284","indexId":"70019073","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2564,"text":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","onlineIssn":"1937-237X","printIssn":"0887-3593","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporation of bacterial extracellular polysaccharide by black fly larvae (Simuliidae)","docAbstract":"

Black fly larvae (Simulium) assimilated, with high efficiency (80-90%), bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) extracted from laboratory cultures of a pseudomonad isolated from the Ogeechee River. Incorporation was traced using <sup>13</sup>C-labelled EPS offered to larvae as a coating on a mixture of 1-μm latex beads and kaolin particles. These EPS-coated particles were used to simulate natural particles, both living and dead. Solubility, protein, and nitrogen content of the EPS suggested it was a slime rather than a capsular polysaccharide. Glycosyl composition of the EPS was glucose and galactose in α and β linkages, with pyruvate, succinate, and possibly malonate constituent groups. To evaluate the incorporation of C derived from protein associated with the EPS matrix, feeding experiments were conducted using EPS with and without proteins extracted. Black fly larvae incorporated 7.2 μg EPS C larva<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> from EPS that did not have proteins extracted, and 19.5 μg EPS C larva<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> from EPS with proteins extracted. Carbon in protein that is typically associated with EPS was not solely or selectively incorporated. EPS incorporation rates are similar to rates of cellular bacterial carbon incorporation previously estimated for Ogeechee River black fly larvae. If EPS is generally available as a food resource, the importance of bacteria in detrital food webs may be underestimated by studies that examine only the consumption of bacterial cells.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.2307/1467277","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Couch, C.A., Meyer, J., and Hall, R.O., 1996, Incorporation of bacterial extracellular polysaccharide by black fly larvae (Simuliidae): Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 15, no. 3, p. 289-299, https://doi.org/10.2307/1467277.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226815,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39eee4b0c8380cd61ab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Couch, C. A.","contributorId":36972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couch","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, J.L.","contributorId":73316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hall, R. O. Jr.","contributorId":53101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019060,"text":"70019060 - 1996 - Isolation of Geobacter species from diverse sedimentary environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-17T18:08:16.749165","indexId":"70019060","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Isolation of Geobacter species from diverse sedimentary environments","title":"Isolation of Geobacter species from diverse sedimentary environments","docAbstract":"

In an attempt to better understand the microorganisms responsible for Fe(III) reduction in sedimentary environments, Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms were enriched for and isolated from freshwater aquatic sediments, a pristine deep aquifer, and a petroleum-contaminated shallow aquifer. Enrichments were initiated with acetate or toluene as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Isolations were made with acetate or benzoate. Five new strains which could obtain energy for growth by dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction were isolated. All five isolates are gram- negative strict anaerobes which grow with acetate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the electron acceptor. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence of the isolated organisms demonstrated that they all belonged to the genus Geobacter in the delta subdivision of the Proteobacteria. Unlike the type strain, Geobacter metallireducens, three of the five isolates could use H2 as an electron donor for Fe(III) reduction. The deep subsurface isolate is the first Fe(III) reducer shown to completely oxidize lactate to carbon dioxide, while one of the freshwater sediment isolates is only the second Fe(III) reducer known that can oxidize toluene. The isolation of these organisms demonstrates that Geobacter species are widely distributed in a diversity of sedimentary environments in which Fe(III) reduction is an important process.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.62.5.1531-1536.1996","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Coaxes, J., Phillips, E.J., Lonergan, D., Jenter, H., and Lovley, D.R., 1996, Isolation of Geobacter species from diverse sedimentary environments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 62, no. 5, p. 1531-1536, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.5.1531-1536.1996.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1531","endPage":"1536","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479068,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.62.5.1531-1536.1996","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":226577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f4ee4b0c8380cd64427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coaxes, J.D.","contributorId":89012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coaxes","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth J.P.","contributorId":37475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","middleInitial":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lonergan, D.J.","contributorId":86110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lonergan","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenter, H.","contributorId":23022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019048,"text":"70019048 - 1996 - Rupture directivity and slip distribution of the M 4.3 foreshock to the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-25T00:04:35.203689","indexId":"70019048","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rupture directivity and slip distribution of the M 4.3 foreshock to the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake, Southern California","docAbstract":"Details of the M 4.3 foreshock to the Joshua Tree earthquake were studied using P waves recorded on the Southern California Seismic Network and the Anza network. Deconvolution, using an M 2.4 event as an empirical Green's function, corrected for complicated path and site effects in the seismograms and produced simple far-field displacement pulses that were inverted for a slip distribution. Both possible fault planes, north-south and east-west, for the focal mechanism were tested by a least-squares inversion procedure with a range of rupture velocities. The results showed that the foreshock ruptured the north-south plane, similar to the mainshock. The foreshock initiated a few hundred meters south of the mainshock and ruptured to the north, toward the mainshock hypocenter. The mainshock (M 6.1) initiated near the northern edge of the foreshock rupture 2 hr later. The foreshock had a high stress drop (320 to 800 bars) and broke a small portion of the fault adjacent to the mainshock but was not able to immediately initiate the mainshock rupture.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., 1996, Rupture directivity and slip distribution of the M 4.3 foreshock to the 1992 Joshua Tree earthquake, Southern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 86, no. 3, p. 805-810.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"805","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaecce4b0c8380cd87216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018974,"text":"70018974 - 1996 - Pliocene (3.2-2.4 Ma) ostracode faunal cycles and deep ocean circulation, North Atlantic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-20T01:08:05.102044","indexId":"70018974","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pliocene (3.2-2.4 Ma) ostracode faunal cycles and deep ocean circulation, North Atlantic Ocean","docAbstract":"

Ostracode assemblages from Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 607 (western Mid-Atlantic Ridge) and 610 (southeast Rockall Plateau) show rapid, systematic shifts during late Pliocene glacial-interglacial cycles that reflect deep-sea environmental change. Progressive decreases in North Atlantic deep-water taxa and increases in Southern Ocean taxa occur from 3.4 to 2.4 Ma, and high-amplitude faunal cycles begin near 2.8 Ma. Four ostracode assemblages, each with a characteristic phase relative to 41 k.y. obliquity glacial-interglacial δ18O cycles, characterize the benthic faunal record at Site 607. Cross-spectral analysis shows that the Site 607 glacial assemblage has a 41 k.y. periodicity significant at the 95% level; other assemblages show a less significant, but still obvious, concentration of variance at 41 k.y. Faunal patterns suggest climatically controlled reorganization of deep-sea benthic communities during glacial-interglacial cycles due to oscillating deep-sea environments.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0695:PMOFCA>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., Raymo, M., and Kyle, K., 1996, Pliocene (3.2-2.4 Ma) ostracode faunal cycles and deep ocean circulation, North Atlantic Ocean: Geology, v. 24, no. 8, p. 695-698, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0695:PMOFCA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"698","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c5ce4b0c8380cd79942","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":381244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymo, M.E.","contributorId":21702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymo","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kyle, K.P.","contributorId":107042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018966,"text":"70018966 - 1996 - Subduction and exhumation of the Pelona-Orocopia-Rand schists, southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-20T01:11:24.735562","indexId":"70018966","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subduction and exhumation of the Pelona-Orocopia-Rand schists, southern California","docAbstract":"

The Pelona, Orocopia, and Rand schists of southern California and southwestern Arizona are thought to have formed in either the same east-dipping subduction zone as the Franciscan complex or in a southwest-dipping subduction zone related to collision of an outboard continental fragment with North America. The principal justification for the collision model has been the observation that continental rocks overlying the schists locally show transport to the northeast. Field and petrographic studies now confirm that the northeast movement occurred during exhumation of the schist, not during subduction. Combined with regional geologic relations, this evidence makes the collision model unlikely.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0547:SAEOTP>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, C., Oyarzabal, F., and Haxel, G.B., 1996, Subduction and exhumation of the Pelona-Orocopia-Rand schists, southern California: Geology, v. 24, no. 6, p. 547-550, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0547:SAEOTP>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"547","endPage":"550","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d0de4b08c986b31d5ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, C.E.","contributorId":46234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oyarzabal, F.R.","contributorId":77306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oyarzabal","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haxel, G. B.","contributorId":71503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haxel","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018963,"text":"70018963 - 1996 - Occurrence of dicofol in the San Joaquin River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:35:09","indexId":"70018963","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of dicofol in the San Joaquin River, California","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001289900188","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1996, Occurrence of dicofol in the San Joaquin River, California: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 284-291, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900188.","startPage":"284","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900188"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6be5e4b0c8380cd74949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018962,"text":"70018962 - 1996 - Recurrent eruption and subsidence at the Platoro caldera complex, southeastern San Juan volcanic field, Colorado: New tales from old tuffs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T12:15:29.649935","indexId":"70018962","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recurrent eruption and subsidence at the Platoro caldera complex, southeastern San Juan volcanic field, Colorado: New tales from old tuffs","docAbstract":"

Reinterpretation of a voluminous regional ash-flow sheet (Masonic Park Tuff) as two separate tuff sheets of similar phenocryst-rich dacite erupted from separate source calderas has important implications for evolution of the multicyclic Platoro caldera complex and for caldera-forming processes generally. Masonic Park Tuff in central parts of the San Juan field, including the type area, was erupted from a concealed source at 28.6 Ma, but widespread tuff previously mapped as Masonic Park Tuff in the southeastern San Juan Mountains is the product of the youngest large-volume eruption of the Platoro caldera complex at 28.4 Ma. This large unit, newly named the “Chiquito Peak Tuff,” is the last-erupted tuff of the Treasure Mountain Group, which consists of at least 20 separate ash-flow sheets of dacite to low-silica rhyolite erupted from the Platoro complex during a 1 m.y. interval (29.5−28.4 Ma). Two Treasure Mountain tuff sheets have volumes in excess of 1000 km3 each, and five more have volumes of 50–150 km3. The total volume of ash-flow tuff exceeds 2500 km3, and caldera-related lavas of dominantly andesitic composition make up 250-500 km3 more. A much greater volume of intermediate-composition magma must have solidified in subcaldera magma chambers. Most preserved features of the Platoro complex-including postcollapse asymmetrical trap-door resurgent uplift of the ponded intracaldera tuff and concurrent infilling by andesitic lava flows-postdate eruption of the Chiquito Peak Tuff. The numerous large-volume pre-Chiquito Peak ash-flow tuffs document multiple eruptions accompanied by recurrent subsidence; early-formed caldera walls nearly coincide with margins of the later Chiquito Peak collapse. Repeated syneruptive collapse at the Platoro complex requires cumulative subsidence of at least 10 km. The rapid regeneration of silicic magmas requires the sustained presence of an andesitic subcaldera magma reservoir, or its rapid replenishment, during the 1 m.y. life span of the Platoro complex. Either case implies large-scale stoping and assimilative recycling of the Tertiary section, including intracaldera tuffs.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1039:REASAT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Dungan, M., Brown, L., and Deino, A., 1996, Recurrent eruption and subsidence at the Platoro caldera complex, southeastern San Juan volcanic field, Colorado: New tales from old tuffs: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 8, p. 1039-1055, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1039:REASAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1055","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"108","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a365e4b0e8fec6cdb861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, L.L.","contributorId":46907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deino, A.","contributorId":58404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deino","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70018953,"text":"70018953 - 1996 - Volatile emissions from the crater and flank of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-12T17:56:54.898029","indexId":"70018953","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volatile emissions from the crater and flank of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania","docAbstract":"

As a comparison to airborne infrared (IR) flux measurements, ground-based sampling of fumarole and soil gases was used to characterize the quiescent degassing of CO2 from Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. Aerial and ground-based measurements are in good agreement: ∼75% of the aerially measured CO2 flux at Lengai (0.05–0.06 × 1012 mol yr−1 or 6000–7200 tonnes CO2 d−1) can be attributed to seven large crater vents. In contrast to Etna and Vulcano Island, where 15–50% of the total CO2 flux emanates diffusely through the volcanic flanks, diffuse emissions were measured only within 500 m of the crater rim at Lengai, contributing <2% of the total flux. The lack of extensive flank emissions may reflect the dimensions of the magma chamber and/or the lack of a shallow fluid flow system. Thermodynamic restoration of fumarole analyses shows that gases are the most CO2-rich and H2O-poor reported for any volcano, containing 64–74% CO2, 24–34% H2O, 0.88–1.0% H2, 0.1–0.4% CO and <0.1% H2S, HCl, HF, and CH4. Volatile emissions of S, Cl, and F at Oldoiyno Lengai are estimated as 4.5, 1.5, and 1.0 × 107 mol yr−1, respectively. Accuracy of the airborne technique was also assessed by measuring the C emission rate from a coal-burning power plant. CO2 fluxes were measured within ±10% near the plant; however, poor resolution at increased distances caused an underestimation of the flux by a factor of 2. The relatively large CO2 fluxes measured for alkaline volcanoes such as Oldoinyo Lengai or Etna may indicate that midplate volcanoes represent a large, yet relatively unknown, natural source of CO2.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.1029/96JB00173","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Koepenick, K., Brantley, S., Thompson, J., Rowe, G., Nyblade, A., and Moshy, C., 1996, Volatile emissions from the crater and flank of Oldoinyo Lengai volcano, Tanzania: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 6, p. 13819-13830, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00173.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"13819","endPage":"13830","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2bfe4b08c986b32ad33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koepenick, K.W.","contributorId":98052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koepenick","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brantley, S.L.","contributorId":71676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, J. M.","contributorId":77142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rowe, G.L.","contributorId":23978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nyblade, A.A.","contributorId":75703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nyblade","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moshy, C.","contributorId":92441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moshy","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}