{"pageNumber":"3794","pageRowStart":"94825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":70175681,"text":"70175681 - 1996 - Impacts of vegetation change on regional climate and downscaling of GCM output to the regional scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T16:01:23","indexId":"70175681","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Impacts of vegetation change on regional climate and downscaling of GCM output to the regional scale","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","publisherLocation":"Richland, WA","usgsCitation":"Copeland, J.H., Chase, T.N., Baron, J., Kittel, T.G., and Pielke, R.A., 1996, Impacts of vegetation change on regional climate and downscaling of GCM output to the regional scale, p. 199-211.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"211","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc66e4b03fd6b7d94c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Copeland, J. H.","contributorId":99063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chase, T. N.","contributorId":30927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chase","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kittel, Timothy G.F.","contributorId":66612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pielke, R. A.","contributorId":13163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018200,"text":"70018200 - 1996 - Petrography, geochemistry and palynology of the Stockton coal bed (Middle Pennsylvanian), Martin County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T00:52:43.079824","indexId":"70018200","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrography, geochemistry and palynology of the Stockton coal bed (Middle Pennsylvanian), Martin County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The Middle Pennsylvanian (Westphalian D) Stockton (also known as the Broas) coal bed of the Breathitt Formation is an important energy resource in Kentucky. Petrographic, geochemical and palynologic studies were undertaken from mine, core and highway exposures in Martin and northern Pike counies, Kentucky, in order to determine the influence of the Stockton depositional ecosystem on those parameters.</p><p>Vitrinite-rich Stockton lithotypes are dominated by<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lycospora</i>. Dull lithotypes, including both high- and low-ash yield durains, generally have abundant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Densosporites</i>, suggesting that the parent plant inhabited a fairly wide range of environments. Lithologies having tree ferns as an important component also have high fusinite + semifusinite and a low telinite/gelocollinite ratio. The aerial root bundles of the tree ferns were susceptible to oxidation and, for tissue not oxidized to inertinite, to preservation as gelocollinite.</p><p>In the initial stages of formation, the Stockton mire was discontinuous and had a rather restricted floral assemblage. The presence of durains higher in the Stockton section, particularly the low-ash yield durains having petrographic indicators of degradation, suggests that portions of the mire developed as a domed peat. The termination of the mire as a high-sulfur, arboreous lycopod-domimated mire is consistent with the return to more planar mire development.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00017-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Hower, J., Eble, C., and Pierce, B., 1996, Petrography, geochemistry and palynology of the Stockton coal bed (Middle Pennsylvanian), Martin County, Kentucky: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 31, no. 1-4, p. 195-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00017-1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"195","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a77b2e4b0c8380cd7855f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hower, J.C.","contributorId":100541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018188,"text":"70018188 - 1996 - Geologic framework for the coal-bearing rocks of the Central Appalachian Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-21T12:14:53.142525","indexId":"70018188","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic framework for the coal-bearing rocks of the Central Appalachian Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Coal production has been an important economic factor in the Central Appalachian Basin. However, regional stratigraphic and structural relationships of the coal-bearing rocks of the basin have been poorly understood due to numerous separate nomenclatural schemes employed by various states. In order to estimate coal resources and understand mechanisms controlling the distribution of coal within the basin, a reliable geologic framework is necessary. Seven detailed cross sections across the Central Appalachian Basin were constructed in order to examine the stratigraphic and structural framework of the coal-bearing rocks in the basin. The cross sections were based on more than 1000 oil and gas well logs, measured sections, and borehole information from Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00011-0","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Chesnut, D., 1996, Geologic framework for the coal-bearing rocks of the Central Appalachian Basin: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 31, no. 1-4, p. 55-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(96)00011-0.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1969e4b0c8380cd55998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chesnut, D.R.","contributorId":19200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesnut","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70174849,"text":"70174849 - 1996 - Commercial mussels of Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T15:43:27","indexId":"70174849","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Commercial mussels of Alabama","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Auburn University","usgsCitation":"McGregor, M.A., Garner, J., and Bowen, Z., 1996, Commercial mussels of Alabama, 32 p.","productDescription":"32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325396,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdafe4b0f1bea0e0f821","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGregor, M. A.","contributorId":172957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGregor","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garner, J.T.","contributorId":10209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowen, Z.H.","contributorId":81045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Z.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70174848,"text":"70174848 - 1996 - What makes a hydropower negotiation successful?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-29T13:07:57","indexId":"70174848","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5143,"text":"Hydro Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"What makes a hydropower negotiation successful?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Hydro Review","usgsCitation":"Taylor, J.G., Lamb, B.L., Burkardt, N., and Flick, S., 1996, What makes a hydropower negotiation successful?: Hydro Review, v. 15, no. 5, p. 66-71.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"71","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325392,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.hydroworld.com/index.html"}],"volume":"15","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdbbe4b0f1bea0e0f90e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, J. G.","contributorId":33671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, B. L.","contributorId":9187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkardt, N.","contributorId":17554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flick, S.","contributorId":45077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flick","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70175354,"text":"70175354 - 1996 - European tools to consider","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:38:26","indexId":"70175354","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"European tools to consider","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041299-2.x","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., 1996, European tools to consider: Conservation Biology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 1300-1301, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041299-2.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1301","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041299-2.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8bbe4b0ebae89b788a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175088,"text":"70175088 - 1996 - A comparison of selenium and mercury concentrations in transplanted and resident bivalves from North San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T14:37:45","indexId":"70175088","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"A comparison of selenium and mercury concentrations in transplanted and resident bivalves from North San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Many of the methodologies for effective use of organisms to monitor and study contamination in estuaries are well established (Phillips, 1980; Phillips and Rainbow, 1993). Understanding the processes that determine bioaccumulation and determining concentrations of contaminants in biological tissues are best employed in conjunction with analysis of other environmental media (e.g., water, suspended particulate material, or sediment). Together these provide complementary lines of field evidence indicative of complexities that affect the exposures of organisms to contaminants.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional Monitoring Program for Trace Substances: 1995 Annual Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"San Francisco Estuary Institute","publisherLocation":"Richmond, CA","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Linville, R., 1996, A comparison of selenium and mercury concentrations in transplanted and resident bivalves from North San Francisco Bay, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"170","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/1995_RMP_Annual_Report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cace4b0589fa1c98087","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linville, Regina","contributorId":173241,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Linville","given":"Regina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175089,"text":"70175089 - 1996 - Uncertainties in assessing contaminant exposure from sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:34:48","indexId":"70175089","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Uncertainties in assessing contaminant exposure from sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological risk assessments of contaminated sediments: SETAC special publication series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SetacPress","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Fisher, N., 1996, Uncertainties in assessing contaminant exposure from sediments, chap. 14 <i>of</i> Ecological risk assessments of contaminated sediments: SETAC special publication series, p. 211-238.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb6e4b0589fa1c980e9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Biddinger, Gregory R.","contributorId":111662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biddinger","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, T.","contributorId":173242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillon","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, N.S.","contributorId":67668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175558,"text":"70175558 - 1996 - Historical perspectives on riparian ecosystems of Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T16:28:59","indexId":"70175558","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Historical perspectives on riparian ecosystems of Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Growth in the Intermountain West: Impacts on the Greenline. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Colorado Riparian Association Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Seventh Annual Colorado Riparian Association Conference","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Friedman, J., Auble, G., and Anderson, P., 1996, Historical perspectives on riparian ecosystems of Colorado, <i>in</i> Growth in the Intermountain West: Impacts on the Greenline. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Colorado Riparian Association Conference, p. 5-12.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326601,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b4394be4b03bcb01039fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":78261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, J.M.","contributorId":88671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Auble, G.T.","contributorId":19505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, P.","contributorId":102682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174854,"text":"70174854 - 1996 - Activity rhythm and home range of alpine weasel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T17:48:08","indexId":"70174854","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5142,"text":"Acta Theriologica Sinica ","onlineIssn":"1000-1050","printIssn":"1000-1050","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Activity rhythm and home range of alpine weasel","docAbstract":"<p>T<span>he activity rhthms and home ranges of alpine weasels were studied by telemetric techniques in 1990 at YUER mountain near Haibei Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem.The main activities of alpine weasels were as follows: play, self-groom, sunbath, explore, fecd, and activities of alpine weasels were as follows: play, self-groom, sunbath, explore,dens, the daily activity peads of adult females were 11:00～17:00hrs, and of adult males were 11:00 hrs; the home range sizes of adult females were 7.21ha. and of adult males were 11.7ha. In July the young moved on the ground, the activity peaks of adult females were 8:00～9:00 hrs and 17:00 - 19:00hrs, the home range size of adult females was 82.72ha.The activity peaks of adult females changes into 8:00 - 9:00 hrs and 15:00 - 20:00hrs in August when the young dispersed. The factors influencing their activity and home range size were food abundance, prey activity, breeding behaviour and population density.</span><br></p>","language":"Chinese","publisher":"Editorial Board of ACTA Theriologica Sinica","usgsCitation":"Wanhong, W., Wenyang, Z., Fan, N., and Biggins, D.E., 1996, Activity rhythm and home range of alpine weasel: Acta Theriologica Sinica , v. 16, no. 1, p. 35-42.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325411,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351391,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mammal.cn//EN/abstract/abstract1779.shtml"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdade4b0f1bea0e0f811","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanhong, Wei","contributorId":51682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wanhong","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenyang, Zhou","contributorId":172954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenyang","given":"Zhou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fan, Naichang","contributorId":172969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fan","given":"Naichang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186243,"text":"70186243 - 1996 - Grassland canopy parameters and their relationships to remotely sensed vegetation indices in the Nebraska Sand Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:12:47","indexId":"70186243","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland canopy parameters and their relationships to remotely sensed vegetation indices in the Nebraska Sand Hills","docAbstract":"<p><span>Relationships among spectral vegetation indices and grassland biophysical parameters including the effects of varying levels of standing dead vegetation, range sites, and range plant communities were examined. Range plant communities consisting of northern mixed grass prairie and a smooth brome field as well as range sites and management in a Sand Hills bluestem prairie were sampled with a ground radiometer and for LAI, biomass, chlorophy]] and nitrogen amounts. Live above ground (herbaceous and shrub leaf) biomass quadrat estimates in early June, 1994, ranged from a mean value of 35,9 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> in the burned area to 128.0 g/m</span><sup>2</sup><span> in the mixed grass prairie. Shrubs, when present, had a stronger effect on the ground radiometer NDVI and MSAVI relationships with live biomass than either standing dead vegetation or plant community composition. Predictive relationships for live biomass from ground radiometer spectral data allowed rapid nondestructive estimation of live biomass for eleven 30 m by 30 m plots. Strong (r</span><sup>2</sup><span> ‐ 0.81 to 0.87) predictive relationships for live biomass and SPOT vegetation indices at the 30 m by 30 m scale were developed and applied to estimate live biomass for entire site areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049609354547","usgsCitation":"Wylie, B.K., DeJong, D.D., Tieszen, L.L., and Biondini, M.E., 1996, Grassland canopy parameters and their relationships to remotely sensed vegetation indices in the Nebraska Sand Hills: Geocarto International, v. 11, no. 3, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049609354547.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeJong, Donovan D.","contributorId":190266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeJong","given":"Donovan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biondini, Mario E.","contributorId":190268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biondini","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186241,"text":"70186241 - 1996 - Estimating the effective spatial resolution of an AVHRR time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:08:54","indexId":"70186241","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the effective spatial resolution of an AVHRR time series","docAbstract":"<p><span>A method is proposed to estimate the spatial degradation of geometrically rectified AVHRR data resulting from misregistration and off-nadir viewing, and to infer the cumulative effect of these degradations over time. Misregistrations are measured using high resolution imagery as a geometric reference, and pixel sizes are computed directly from satellite zenith angles. The influence or neighbouring features on a nominal 1 km by 1 km pixel over a given site is estimated from the above information, and expressed as a spatial distribution whose spatial frequency response is used to define an effective field-of-view (EFOV) for a time series. In a demonstration of the technique applied to images from the Conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set, an EFOV of 3·1km in the east-west dimension and 19 km in the north-south dimension was estimated for a time series accumulated over a grasslands test site.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169608949122","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.J., 1996, Estimating the effective spatial resolution of an AVHRR time series: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 17, no. 15, p. 2971-2980, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608949122.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2971","endPage":"2980","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. J.","contributorId":46721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70182513,"text":"70182513 - 1996 - NLEAP/GIS approach for identifying and mitigating regional nitrate-nitrogen leaching","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T10:48:59","indexId":"70182513","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"NLEAP/GIS approach for identifying and mitigating regional nitrate-nitrogen leaching","docAbstract":"<p><span>Improved simulation-based methodology is needed to help identify broad geographical areas where potential NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N leaching may be occurring from agriculture and suggest management alternatives that minimize the problem. The Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model was applied to estimate regional NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N leaching in eastern Colorado. Results show that a combined NLEAP/GIS technology can be used to identify potential NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N hot spots in shallow alluvial aquifers under irrigated agriculture. The NLEAP NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N Leached (NL) index provided the most promising single index followed by NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N Available for Leaching (NAL). The same combined technology also shows promise in identifying Best Management Practice (BMP) methods that help minimize NO</span><sub>3</sub><span>-N leaching in vulnerable areas. Future plans call for linkage of the NLEAP/GIS procedures with groundwater modeling to establish a mechanistic analysis of agriculture-aquifer interactions at a regional scale.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications of GIS to the modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone, SSSA Special Publication 48","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/sssaspecpub48.c17","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, M., Hall, M., Wylie, B., and Wagner, D., 1996, NLEAP/GIS approach for identifying and mitigating regional nitrate-nitrogen leaching, chap. <i>of</i> Applications of GIS to the modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone, SSSA Special Publication 48, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub48.c17.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b002d8e4b01ccd54fb27f3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Corwin, D.L.","contributorId":182405,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corwin","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671359,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loague, K.","contributorId":77307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loague","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671360,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, M.J.","contributorId":182404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, M.D.","contributorId":182403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, B.K. 0000-0002-7374-1083","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":24877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"B.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, D.G.","contributorId":182402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185707,"text":"70185707 - 1996 - The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T09:43:55","indexId":"70185707","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2040,"text":"International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ratio of deethylatrazine to atrazine (DAR) may be used to record the first major runoff of herbicides from non-point-source corn fields to surface water in the Midwestern United States. The DAR dramatically decreases from ∼0.5 to &lt; 0.1 upon application of herbicide and the first major runoff event of a basin. The DAR then gradually increases to values of approximately 0.4–0.6 during the harvest season. Furthermore, the DAR may be used in studies of surface water movement to give a temporal indicator of water moving into reservoirs for possible storage of herbicides. It is hypothesized that deethylatrazine, which accounts for only 6% of the degradation of atrazine, becomes a significant metabolite in surface water (∼ 50% of parent compound) because of its selective removal from soil. This removal process may be an important concept for consideration in studies of herbicide contamination of rivers and reservoirs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03067319608045555","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Fallon, J.D., 1996, The deethylatrazine/atrazine ratio as an indicator of the onset of the spring flush of herbicides into surface water of the Midwestern United States: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, v. 65, no. 1-4, p. 203-214, https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319608045555.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"203","endPage":"214","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338438,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7632e4b0ee37af29e4b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018224,"text":"70018224 - 1996 - Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell basin, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T12:56:16","indexId":"70018224","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell basin, Antarctica","docAbstract":"Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Lake Fryxell, 10 streams flowing into the lake, and the moat surrounding the lake was studied to determine the influence of sources and biogeochemical processes on its distribution and chemical nature. Lake Fryxell is an amictic, permanently ice-covered lake in the McMurdo Dry Valleys which contains benthic and planktonic microbial populations, but receives essentially no input of organic material from the ahumic soils of the watershed. Biological activity in the water column does not appear to influence the DOC depth profile, which is similar to the profiles for conservative inorganic constituents. DOC values for the streams varied with biomass in the stream channel, and ranged from 0.2 to 9.7 mg C/L. Fulvic acids in the streams were a lower percentage of the total DOC than in the lake. These samples contain recent carbon and appear to be simpler mixtures of compounds than the lake samples, indicating that they have undergone less humification. The fulvic acids from just above the sediments of the lake have a high sulfur content and are highly aliphatic. The main transformations occurring as these fractions diffuse upward in the water column are 1) loss of sulfur groups through the oxycline and 2) decrease in aliphatic carbon and increase in the heterogeneity of aliphatic moieties. The fraction of modem 14C content of the lake fulvic acids range from a minimum of 0.68 (approximately 3000 years old) at 15m depth to 0.997 (recent material) just under the ice. The major processes controlling the DOC in the lake appear to be: 1) The transport of organic matter by the inflow streams resulting in the addition of recent organic material to the moat and upper waters of the lake; 2) The diffusion of organic matter composed of relict organic material and organic carbon resulting from the degradation of algae and bacteria from the bottom waters or sediments of the lake into overlying glacial melt water; 3) The addition of recent organic matter to the bottom waters of the lake from the moat.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00000900","issn":"01682563","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G., McKnight, D., Harnish, R., and Wershaw, R., 1996, Geochemistry of aquatic humic substances in the Lake Fryxell basin, Antarctica: Biogeochemistry, v. 34, no. 3, p. 157-188, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00000900.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227016,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16ede4b0c8380cd552fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aiken, G.","contributorId":82066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, D.","contributorId":48713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKnight","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harnish, R.","contributorId":72143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harnish","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wershaw, R.","contributorId":64797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70178243,"text":"70178243 - 1996 - Dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>) from Texas: Rabies and pesticide exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-08T13:03:16","indexId":"70178243","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>) from Texas: Rabies and pesticide exposure","docAbstract":"<p>Twenty-three dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats from roosts in downtown Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto County, Texas, were tested for rabies and for anticholinesterase (antiChE) effects of or- ganophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides. Seventeen of the 23 bats tested positive for rabies. The cause of death or dying in five of the nonrabid bats is unknown; however, one of the six nonrabid bats had a ChE activity level equivalent to only 27% of the control mean and may have been exposed to a pes- ticide. Three bats (including the bat with depressed ChE) contained sufficient ingesta to analyze for an- tiChE compounds, but no antiChE compounds could be identified in the samples. Exposure may be dermal and pulmonary as well as dietary. It is feasible that other bat deaths not explained by rabies were attributable to a pesticide but missed due to postmortem reactivation of the ChE enzyme. The largest group of rabid bats was young males (13 of 17, 76.5%), and the largest group of nonrabid bats was older females (3 of 6, 50%). All older females were nonrabid, perhaps survivors of the disease in previous years. Rabid bats had a lower mean fat index and weighed less than nonrabid bats. Four bats (not includ- ing the low ChE bat) showed external bleeding, and none was rabid; thus the incidence of bleeding was greater among nonrabid bats than among rabid bats. The four affected bats came from roosts in three different buildings, making a roost-treatment with an anticoagulant chemical seem unlikely. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Lollar, A., and Cowman, D., 1996, Dead and dying Brazilian free-tailed bats (<i>Tadarida brasiliensis</i>) from Texas: Rabies and pesticide exposure: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 41, no. 3, p. 275-278.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5822f23ce4b0ef3123a9703c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Donald R. Jr.","contributorId":95938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lollar, Amanda","contributorId":8606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lollar","given":"Amanda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cowman, Deborah","contributorId":141221,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowman","given":"Deborah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13715,"text":"Brazos Natural History Museum; U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":653345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":85643,"text":"85643 - 1996 - Hydrologic modification to improve habitat in riverine lakes: Management objectives, experimental approach, and initial conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:06","indexId":"85643","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Hydrologic modification to improve habitat in riverine lakes: Management objectives, experimental approach, and initial conditions","docAbstract":"The Finger Lakes habitat-rehabilitation project is intended to improve physical and chemical conditions for fish in six connected back water lakes in Navigation Pool 5 of the upper Missouri River. The primary management objective is to improve water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and current velocity during winter for bluegills, Lepomis macrochirus, and black crappies, Pomoxis nigromaculatus, two of the primary sport fishes in the lakes. The lakes will be hydrologically altered by Installing culverts to Introduce controlled flows of oxygenated water into four lakes, and an existing unregulated culvert on a fifth lake will be equipped with a control gate to regulate inflow. These habitat modifications constitute a manipulative field experiment that will compare pre-project (1991 to summer 1993) and post-project (fall 1993 to 1996) conditions in the lakes, including hydrology, chemistry, rooted vegetation, and fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Initial data indicate that the Finger Lakes differ in water chemistry, hydrology, and macrophyte abundance. Macroinvertebrate communities also differed among lakes: species diversity was highest in lakes with dense aquatic macrophytes. The system seems to support a single fish community, although some species concentrated in individual lakes at different times. The introduction of similar flows into five of the lakes will probably reduce the existing physical and chemical differences among lakes. However, our ability to predict the effects of hydrologic modification on fish populations is limited by uncertainties concerning both the interactions of temperature, oxygen and current in winter and the biological responses of primary and secondary producers. Results from this study should provide guidance for similar habitat-rehabilitation projects in large rivers.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Problems of Aquatic Toxicology, Biotesting, and Water Quality Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Athens, GA","usgsCitation":"Johnson, B.L., Barko, J.W., Gerasimov, Y., James, W., Litvinov, A., Naimo, T.J., Wiener, J.G., Gaugush, R.F., Rogala, J.T., and Rogers, S.J., 1996, Hydrologic modification to improve habitat in riverine lakes: Management objectives, experimental approach, and initial conditions, chap. <i>of</i> Problems of Aquatic Toxicology, Biotesting, and Water Quality Management, 239-258.","productDescription":"239-258","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606ae3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schoettger, R.A.","contributorId":19519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoettger","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504629,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Barry L. bljohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Barry","email":"bljohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":296182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barko, John W.","contributorId":65413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barko","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerasimov, Yuri","contributorId":73538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerasimov","given":"Yuri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James, William F.","contributorId":75472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"William F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Litvinov, Alexander","contributorId":25891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litvinov","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naimo, Teresa J.","contributorId":8039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naimo","given":"Teresa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wiener, James G.","contributorId":93853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiener","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17913,"text":"River Studies Center, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":296191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gaugush, Robert F. rgaugush@usgs.gov","contributorId":5873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaugush","given":"Robert","email":"rgaugush@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Rogers, Sara J.","contributorId":85534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":296190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70018692,"text":"70018692 - 1996 - Transverse dispersion of contaminants in fractured permeable formations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-22T11:11:30.263087","indexId":"70018692","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transverse dispersion of contaminants in fractured permeable formations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Our interest in understanding some of the mechanisms involved in the mineralization of the Great Bend Prairie aquifer of Kansas by salt water originating from Permian bedrock formations, which are fractured sandstones, has prompted this basic study. The fractured permeable formatiodis represented by a simplified conceptual model incorporating two sets of oblique and parallel fractures embedded in permeable blocks. The domain is initially divided into a completely freshwater zone overlying a completely saline water zone. However, the sharp interface originally existing between the saline and fresh water is subject to dispersion because of mixing in fracture intersections and between the fracture flow and the permeable block flow. Simulations based on the use of an appropriate numerical model developed in the present study have helped us to characterize dispersion of the sharp interface and creation of the transition zone. Relationships of transverse and longitudinal dispersion in the domain are also determined.</div></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(95)02783-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Rubin, H., and Buddemeier, R., 1996, Transverse dispersion of contaminants in fractured permeable formations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 176, no. 1-4, p. 133-151, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02783-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"176","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb763e4b08c986b327238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, H.","contributorId":54358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018684,"text":"70018684 - 1996 - Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-06T13:06:48","indexId":"70018684","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Numerical simulations of multiphase fluid and heat transport through a porous medium define combinations of rock properties and boundary conditions which lead to geyser‐like periodic discharge. Within the rather narrow range of conditions that allow geyser‐like behavior, eruption frequency and discharge are highly sensitive to the intrinsic permeabilities of the geyser conduit and the surrounding rock matrix, to the relative permeability functions assumed, and to pressure gradients in the matrix. In theory, heat pipes (concomitant upward flow of steam and downward flow of liquid) can exist under similar conditions, but our simulations suggest that the periodic solution is more stable. Simulated time series of geyser discharge are chaotic, but integrated quantities such as eruption frequency and mass discharge per eruption are free of chaos. These results may explain the observed sensitivity of natural geysers to small strains such as those caused by remote earthquakes, if ground motion is sufficient to induce permeability changes. Changes in geyser behavior caused by minor preseismic deformation, periodic surface loading, and Earth tides are more difficult to explain in the context of our current model.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/96JB02285","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Ingebritsen, S.E., and Rojstaczer, S., 1996, Geyser periodicity and the response of geysers to deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B10, p. 21891-21905, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB02285.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"21891","endPage":"21905","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.601.9222","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28e7e4b0c8380cd5a509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rojstaczer, S.A.","contributorId":54620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rojstaczer","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018693,"text":"70018693 - 1996 - Holocene paleoenvironments of Northeast Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-10T21:54:34.614547","indexId":"70018693","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Holocene paleoenvironments of Northeast Iowa","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper presents the biotic, sedimentary, geomorphic, and climatic history of the upper part of the Roberts Creek Basin, northeastern Iowa for the late—glacial and Holocene, and compares these records with a C—O isotopic sequence from Coldwater Cave, 60 km northwest of Roberts Creek. The biotic record (pollen, vascular plant and bryophyte macrofossils, and insects) is preserved in floodplain alluvium that underlies three constructional surfaces separated by low scarps. Each surface is underlain by a lithologically and temporally distinct alluvial fill. The highest surface is underlain by the Gunder Member of the Deforest Formation, dating from 11 000 to 4000 yr BP; beneath the intermediate level is the Roberts Creek Member, dating from 4000 to 400 yr BP; and the lowest level is underlain by the Camp Creek Member, deposited during the last 380 yr. Pollen and plant macrofossils in the alluvial fill show that a typical late—glacial spruce forest was replaced by Quercus and Ulmus in the early Holocene. This early—to—middle Holocene forest became dominated by mesic elements such as Acer saccharum, Tilia americana, Ostrya virginiana, and Carpinus caroliniana as late as 5500 yr BP; in contrast, the closest sites to the west and north were at their warmest and driest and were covered by prairie vegetation between 6500 and 5500 yr BP. After 5500 yr BP, the forest in the Roberts Creek area was replaced by prairie, as indicated by a rich assemblage of plant macrofossils, although only Ambrosia and Poaceae became abundant in the pollen record. The return of Quercus ≈ 3000 BP (while nonarboreal pollen percentages remained relatively high) indicates that oak savanna prevailed with little change until settlement time. The bryophyte assemblages strongly support the vascular plant record. Rich fen species characteristic of boreal habitats occur only in the late—glacial. They are replaced by a number of deciduous—forest elements when early—to—middle Holocene forests were present, but mosses of forest habitats completely disappear when prairie became dominant. A few deciduous—forest taxa return during the late—Holocene, when oak savanna prevailed. The C—O isotopic record from stalagmite&nbsp;</span><sub>s</sub><span>&nbsp;in Coldwater Cave indicates a relatively stable environment from ≈ 8000 to 5100 yr BP, when the δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values indicate a change in vegetation dominated by C</span><sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;(predominantly forest) to C</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;(predominantly prairie) plants. About 4900 yr BP, the rise in&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values indicates a temperature increase of ≈ 1.5</span><sup>°</sup><span>C. The fact that the vegetational change suggested by the δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values preceded the temperature increase suggests that fire may have been an important factor in converting forest to prairie. Abundant charred seeds and other plant material at Roberts Creek 4830 yr BP support this hypothesis. The&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>O values remain constant from ≈ 5100 to ≈ 3000 yr BP, but the δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values gradually rise, indicating that soil formed under forest takes at least 2000 yr for its carbon to reach equilibrium after replacement by prairie vegetation. The return of oak to form savanna is reflected in the gradual decline of δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C values in the last 3000 yr BP; O isotopic values drop sharply by ≈ 1</span><sup>°</sup><span>C ≈ 2800 yr BP and then were relatively stable. In contrast to the vegetational and isotopic records, the insect assemblages suggest little change in the local environments throughout most of the Holocene. All of the beetle taxa presently occur in eastern Iowa. The relative stability through the Holocene indicates that both open grassland and riparian woodland elements were present throughout. Settlement, land clearing, and land cultivation by EuroAmericans in the region caused rapid erosion of the upland landscape, the deposition of 1—2 m of sediment across the floodplain, a replacement of the native vegetation with ruderal species, a decimation of the native insect fauna, and a degradation of water quality in the stream. These changes in the landscape, vegetation, and insect faunas are as striking as those associated with glacial—interglacial transitions. The timing and direction of changes in the vegetation at Roberts Creek generally correlate well with the carbon and oxygen isotopic record in speleothems at nearby Coldwater Cave and indicate that climate was the main forcing function. However, the contrast between the vegetational change and the stability of the beetle population suggests that climatic changes were subtle. We hypothesize that the factors involved in the Holocene changes were seasonal changes in temperature and precipitation that may not have resulted in much mean annual change. Such changes may have affected the vegetation more than the insect fauna.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2963475","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.G., Bettis, E., Schwert, D., Horton, D.G., Chumbley, C.A., Gonzalez, L.A., and Reagan, M.K., 1996, Holocene paleoenvironments of Northeast Iowa: Ecological Monographs, v. 66, no. 2, p. 203-234, https://doi.org/10.2307/2963475.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"234","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227577,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.22009777640574,\n              43.48198735136535\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22009777640574,\n              42.039506279601454\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2578910690265,\n              42.039506279601454\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2578910690265,\n              43.48198735136535\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.22009777640574,\n              43.48198735136535\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31ede4b0c8380cd5e36c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, R. G.","contributorId":96326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettis, E. Arthur III","contributorId":72822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettis","given":"E. Arthur","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwert, D. R.","contributorId":91258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwert","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horton, D. G.","contributorId":17375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chumbley, C. A.","contributorId":62753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chumbley","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzalez, Luis A.","contributorId":20922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reagan, M. K.","contributorId":15355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70018566,"text":"70018566 - 1996 - Modeling reservoir density underflow and interflow from a chemical spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:20:52","indexId":"70018566","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling reservoir density underflow and interflow from a chemical spill","docAbstract":"<p><span>An integral simulation model has been developed for understanding and simulating the process of a density current and the transport of spilled chemicals in a stratified reservoir. The model is capable of describing flow behavior and mixing mechanisms in different flow regimes (plunging flow, underflow, and interflow). It computes flow rate, velocity, flow thickness, mixing parameterized by entrainment and dilution, depths of plunging, separation and intrusion, and time of travel. The model was applied to the Shasta Reservoir in northern California during the July 1991 Sacramento River chemical spill. The simulations were used to assist in the emergency response, confirm remediation measures, and guide data collection. Spill data that were available after the emergency response are used to conduct a postaudit of the model results. Predicted flow parameters are presented and compared with observed interflow intrusion depth, travel time, and measured concentrations of spilled chemicals. In the reservoir, temperature difference between incoming river flow and ambient lake water played a dominant role during the processes of flow plunging, separation, and intrusion. With the integral approach, the gross flow behavior can be adequately described and information useful in the analysis of contaminated flow in a reservoir after a spill is provided.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR03486","usgsCitation":"Gu, R., McCutcheon, S.C., and Wang, P., 1996, Modeling reservoir density underflow and interflow from a chemical spill: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 695-705, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03486.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"705","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c23e4b0c8380cd6fa7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gu, Ruochuan","contributorId":152295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gu","given":"Ruochuan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCutcheon, Steve C.","contributorId":84374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCutcheon","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Pei-Fang","contributorId":176998,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Pei-Fang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018507,"text":"70018507 - 1996 - A catastrophic flood caused by drainage of a caldera lake at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska, and implications for volcanic hazards assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T07:53:30","indexId":"70018507","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A catastrophic flood caused by drainage of a caldera lake at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska, and implications for volcanic hazards assessment","docAbstract":"<p>Aniakchak caldera, located on the Alaska Peninsula of southwest Alaska, formerly contained a large lake (estimated volume 3.7 × 10<sup>9</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup>) that rapidly drained as a result of failure of the caldera rim sometime after ca. 3400 yr B.P. The peak discharge of the resulting flood was estimated using three methods: (1) flow-competence equations, (2) step-backwater modeling, and (3) a dam-break model. The results of the dam-break model indicate that the peak discharge at the breach in the caldera rim was at least 7.7 × 10<sup>4</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>, and the maximum possible discharge was ≈1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>. Flow-competence estimates of discharge, based on the largest boulders transported by the flood, indicate that the peak discharge values, which were a few kilometers downstream of the breach, ranged from 6.4 × 10<sup>5</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 4.8 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>s<sup>−1</sup>. Similar but less variable results were obtained by step-backwater modeling. Finally, discharge estimates based on regression equations relating peak discharge to the volume and depth of the impounded water, although limited by constraining assumptions, provide results within the range of values determined by the other methods. The discovery and documentation of a flood, caused by the failure of the caldera rim at Aniakchak caldera, underscore the significance and associated hydrologic hazards of potential large floods at other lake-filled calderas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0861:ACFCBD>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., Walder, J.S., McGimsey, R.G., and Neal, C., 1996, A catastrophic flood caused by drainage of a caldera lake at Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska, and implications for volcanic hazards assessment: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 7, p. 861-871, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0861:ACFCBD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"861","endPage":"871","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e33be4b0c8380cd45ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walder, J. S.","contributorId":32561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGimsey, R. G.","contributorId":93921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018694,"text":"70018694 - 1996 - Use of precipitation and groundwater isotopes to interpret regional hydrology on a tropical volcanic island: Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-13T19:39:52","indexId":"70018694","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of precipitation and groundwater isotopes to interpret regional hydrology on a tropical volcanic island: Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Isotope tracer methods were used to determine flow paths, recharge areas, and relative age for groundwater in the Kilauea volcano area of the Island of Hawaii. A network of up to 66 precipitation collectors was emplaced in the study area and sampled twice yearly for a 3-year period. Stable isotopes in rainfall show three distinct isotopic gradients with elevation, which are correlated with trade wind, rain shadow, and highelevation climatological patterns. Temporal variations in precipitation isotopes are controlled more by the frequency of storms than by seasonal temperature fluctuations. Results from this study suggest that (1) sampling network design must take into account areal variations in rainfall patterns on islands and in continental coastal areas and (2) isotope/elevation gradients on other tropical islands may be predictable on the basis of similar climatology. Groundwater was sampled yearly in coastal springs, wells, and a few high-elevation springs. Areal contrasts in groundwater stable isotopes and tritium indicate that the volcanic rift zones compartmentalize the regional groundwater system, isolating the groundwater south of Kilauea's summit and rift zones. Part of the Southwest Rift Zone appears to act as a conduit for water from higher elevation, but there is no evidence for downrift flow in the springs and shallow wells sampled in the lower East Rift Zone.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR02837","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Ingebritsen, S.E., Janik, C.J., and Kauahikaua, J.P., 1996, Use of precipitation and groundwater isotopes to interpret regional hydrology on a tropical volcanic island: Kilauea volcano area, Hawaii: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3525-3537, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR02837.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"3525","endPage":"3537","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5be4b08c986b329aee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, M. A.","contributorId":86365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ingebritsen, S. E.","contributorId":8078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kauahikaua, J. P.","contributorId":69992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70195845,"text":"70195845 - 1996 - [Book Review] J.P. Riley, R. Chester (Eds.) SEAREX: The sea/air exchange program, a review with comments on recovery of data, from large earth-science research programs, chemical oceanography, Vol. 10, Academic Press (1989), 404p., US $48.00 (ISBN 0-12-588610-1)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T16:35:18","indexId":"70195845","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book Review] J.P. Riley, R. Chester (Eds.) SEAREX: The sea/air exchange program, a review with comments on recovery of data, from large earth-science research programs, chemical oceanography, Vol. 10, Academic Press (1989), 404p., US $48.00 (ISBN 0-12-588610-1)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0016-7037(97)81137-4","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., 1996, [Book Review] J.P. Riley, R. Chester (Eds.) SEAREX: The sea/air exchange program, a review with comments on recovery of data, from large earth-science research programs, chemical oceanography, Vol. 10, Academic Press (1989), 404p., US $48.00 (ISBN 0-12-588610-1): Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, no. 24, p. 5160-5163, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(97)81137-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"5160","endPage":"5163","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff1df9e4b0da30c1bfd542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, F.T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":55421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018503,"text":"70018503 - 1996 - Numerical simulation of widening and bed deformation of straight sand-bed rivers. II: Model evaluation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:43:50.709128","indexId":"70018503","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Numerical simulation of widening and bed deformation of straight sand-bed rivers. II: Model evaluation","docAbstract":"<p><span>In this paper the numerical model presented in the companion paper is tested and applied. Assessment of model accuracy was based on two approaches. First, predictions of evolution of a 13.5 km reach of the South Fork of the Forked Deer River, in west Tennessee, were compared to observations over a 24-yr period. Results suggest that although the model was able to qualitatively predict trends of widening and deepening, quantitative predictions were not reliable. Simulated widths and depths were within 15% of the corresponding observed values, but observed change in these parameters at the study sites were also close to these values. Simulated rates of depth adjustment were within 15% of observed rates, but observed rates of channel widening at the study sites were approximately three times those simulated by the model. In the second approach, the model was used to generate relationships between stable channel width and bank-full discharge. The model was able to successfully replicate the form of empirically derived regime-width equations. Simulations were used to demonstrate the model's ability to obtain more realistic predictions of bed evolution in widening channels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:4(194)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Darby, S., Thorne, C., and Simon, A., 1996, Numerical simulation of widening and bed deformation of straight sand-bed rivers. II: Model evaluation: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 122, no. 4, p. 194-202, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:4(194).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227254,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a692ee4b0c8380cd73be2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Darby, S.E.","contributorId":9012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Darby","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Colin R.","contributorId":78886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Colin R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, A.","contributorId":43501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}