In 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. Borehole TAN-2271 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. Borehole TAN-2272 was partially cored between 210 and 282 feet (ft) below land surface (BLS) then drilled and constructed as a monitor well. Boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 are separated by about 63 ft and have similar geologic layers and hydrologic characteristics based on geologic, geophysical, and aquifer test data collected. The final construction for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272 required 10-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing and 9.9-in. diameter open-hole completion below the casing to total depths of 282 and 287 ft BLS, respectively. Depth to water is measured near 228 ft BLS in both boreholes. Following construction and data collection, temporary submersible pumps and water-level access lines were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
Borehole TAN-2271 was cored continuously, starting at the first basalt contact (about 33 ft BLS) to a depth of 284 ft BLS. Excluding surface sediment, recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole TAN-2271 was better than 98 percent. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, material examined from 33 to 211ft BLS primarily consists of two massive basalt flows that are about 78 and 50 ft in thickness and three sediment layers near 122, 197, and 201 ft BLS. Between 211 and 284 ft BLS, geophysical data and core material suggest a high occurrence of fractured and vesicular basalt. For the section of aquifer tested, there are two primary fractured aquifer intervals: the first between 235 and 255 ft BLS and the second between 272 and 282 ft BLS. Basalt texture for borehole TAN-2271 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, and porphyritic. Sediment layers, starting near 122 ft BLS, generally were composed of fine-grained sand and silt with a lesser amount of clay. Basalt flows generally ranged in thickness from 2 to 78 ft and varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation. Geophysical data and limited core material collected from TAN-2272 show similar lithologic sequences to those reported for TAN-2271.
Geophysical and borehole video logs were collected during certain stages of the drilling and construction process at boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Geophysical logs were examined synergistically with available core material to confirm geologic and hydrologic similarities and suggest possible fractured network interconnection between boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Natural gamma log measurements were used to assess the completeness of the vapor port lines behind 10-in. diameter well casing. Electromagnetic flow meter results were used to identify downward flow conditions that exist for boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement at all depths in boreholes TAN-2271 and TAN-2272.
After borehole construction was completed, single‑well aquifer tests were done within wells TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 to provide estimates of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. The transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were estimated for the pumping well and observation well during the aquifer tests conducted on August 25 and August 27, 2015. Estimates for transmissivity range from 4.1 . 103 feet squared per day (ft2/d) to 8.1 . 103 ft2/d; estimates for hydraulic conductivity range from 5.8 to 11.5 feet per day (ft/d). Both TAN-2271 and TAN‑2272 show sustained pumping rates of about 30 gallons per minute (gal/min) with measured drawdown in the pumping well of 1.96 ft and 1.14 ft, respectively. The transmissivity estimates for wells tested were within the range of values determined from previous aquifer tests in other wells near Test Area North.
Groundwater samples were collected from both wells and were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Groundwater samples for most of the inorganic constituents showed similar water chemistry in both wells. Groundwater samples for strontium-90, trichloroethene, and vinyl chloride exceeded maximum contaminant levels for public drinking water supplies in one or both wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165088","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22239Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
Much remains unknown about the genetic status and population connectivity of high-elevation and high-latitude freshwater invertebrates, which often persist near snow and ice masses that are disappearing due to climate change. Here we report on the conservation genetics of the meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana (Ricker) of Montana, USA, a cold-water obligate species. We sequenced 1530 bp of mtDNA from 116 L. tumana individuals representing “historic” (>10 yr old) and 2010 populations. The dominant haplotype was common in both time periods, while the second-most-common haplotype was found only in historic samples, having been lost in the interim. The 2010 populations also showed reduced gene and nucleotide diversity and increased genetic isolation. We found lower genetic diversity in L. tumana compared to two other North American stonefly species, Amphinemura linda (Ricker) and Pteronarcys californica Newport. Our results imply small effective sizes, increased fragmentation, limited gene flow, and loss of genetic variation among contemporary L. tumana populations, which can lead to reduced adaptive capacity and increased extinction risk. This study reinforces concerns that ongoing glacier loss threatens the persistence of L. tumana, and provides baseline data and analysis of how future environmental change could impact populations of similar organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0157386","usgsCitation":"Jordan, S., Giersch, J., Muhlfeld, C.C., Hotalling, S., Fanning, L., Tappenbeck, T.H., and Luikart, G., 2016, Loss of genetic diversity and increased subdivision in an endemic Alpine Stonefly threatened by climate change: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 6, e0157386; 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157386.","productDescription":"e0157386; 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069801","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157386","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -108.19335937499999,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.0625,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -111.07177734375,\n 44.49650533109345\n ],\n [\n -111.4013671875,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -111.46728515624999,\n 44.63739123445585\n ],\n [\n -111.55517578125,\n 44.55916341529182\n ],\n [\n -111.73095703125,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -112.0166015625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -112.21435546875,\n 44.5435052132082\n ],\n [\n -112.39013671875,\n 44.449467536006935\n ],\n [\n -112.65380859375,\n 44.465151013519616\n ],\n [\n -112.8955078125,\n 44.37098696297173\n ],\n [\n -113.00537109375,\n 44.49650533109345\n ],\n [\n -113.09326171875,\n 44.6061127451739\n ],\n [\n -113.18115234375,\n 44.762336674810996\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 44.809121700077355\n ],\n [\n -113.51074218749999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -113.62060546875,\n 45.19752230305682\n ],\n [\n -113.73046875,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -113.7744140625,\n 45.506346901083425\n ],\n [\n -113.88427734374999,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 45.67548217560647\n ],\n [\n -114.12597656249999,\n 45.598665689820635\n ],\n [\n -114.2578125,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -114.3017578125,\n 45.49094569262732\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 45.55252525134013\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -114.54345703125,\n 45.78284835197676\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 45.81348649679971\n ],\n [\n -114.43359375,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -114.49951171875,\n 46.027481852486645\n ],\n [\n -114.49951171875,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -114.36767578124999,\n 46.37725420510028\n ],\n [\n -114.45556640625,\n 46.52863469527167\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 46.649436163350245\n ],\n [\n -114.63134765625001,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -114.7412109375,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -114.80712890625,\n 46.86019101567027\n ],\n [\n -114.9609375,\n 46.965259400349275\n ],\n [\n -115.24658203125,\n 47.15984001304432\n ],\n [\n -115.3564453125,\n 47.2195681123155\n ],\n [\n -115.48828125000001,\n 47.30903424774781\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 47.44294999517949\n ],\n [\n -115.7080078125,\n 47.54687159892238\n ],\n [\n -115.77392578125,\n 47.65058757118734\n ],\n [\n -115.90576171874999,\n 47.79839667295524\n ],\n [\n -116.05957031249999,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"577391a6e4b07657d1a88bd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, Steve","contributorId":168297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25242,"text":"Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giersch, J. Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":4022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J. Joseph","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":641059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hotalling, Scott","contributorId":172501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotalling","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fanning, Liz","contributorId":172502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanning","given":"Liz","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16651,"text":"Bucknell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tappenbeck, Tyler H.","contributorId":176876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tappenbeck","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luikart, Gordon","contributorId":97409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luikart","given":"Gordon","affiliations":[{"id":6580,"text":"University of Montana, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":641063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70174060,"text":"ofr20161109 - 2016 - Jaguar taxonomy and genetic diversity for southern Arizona, United States, and Sonora, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T09:34:58","indexId":"ofr20161109","displayToPublicDate":"2016-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1109","title":"Jaguar taxonomy and genetic diversity for southern Arizona, United States, and Sonora, Mexico","docAbstract":"The jaguar is the largest Neotropical felid and the only extant representative of the genus Panthera in the Americas. In recorded history, the jaguars range has extended from the Southern United States, throughout Mexico, to Central and South America, and they occupy a wide variety of habitats. A previous jaguar genetic study found high historical levels of gene flow among jaguar populations over broad areas but did not include any samples of jaguar from the States of Arizona, United States, or Sonora, Mexico. Arizona and Sonora have been part of the historical distribution of jaguars; however, poaching and habitat fragmentation have limited their distribution until they were declared extinct in the United States and endangered in Sonora. Therefore, a need was apparent to have this northernmost (Arizona/Sonora) jaguar population included in an overall jaguar molecular taxonomy and genetic diversity analyses. In this study, we used molecular genetic markers to examine diversity and taxonomy for jaguars in the Northwestern Jaguar Recovery Unit (NJRU; Sonora, Sinaloa, and Jalisco, Mexico; and southern Arizona and New Mexico, United States) relative to jaguars in other parts of the jaguar range (Central and South America). The objectives of this study were to:
Leader, Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
U.S. Geological Survey
325 Biosciences East
Tucson, Arizona 85721
http://www.coopunits.org/Arizona/
A three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow was developed for the Wood River Valley (WRV) aquifer system, Idaho, to evaluate groundwater and surface-water availability at the regional scale. This mountain valley is located in Blaine County and has a drainage area of about 2,300 square kilometers (888 square miles). The model described in this report can serve as a tool for water-rights administration and water-resource management and planning. The model was completed with support from the Idaho Department of Water Resources, and is part of an ongoing U.S. Geological Survey effort to characterize the groundwater resources of the WRV. A highly reproducible approach was taken for constructing the WRV groundwater-flow model. The collection of datasets, source code, and processing instructions used to construct and analyze the model was distributed as an R statistical-computing and graphics package.
\nFlow in the WRV aquifer was simulated using the MODFLOW-USG groundwater flow model. The transient flow model simulates groundwater flow between 1995 and 2010. The model uses a 100-meter (328-feet) uniform grid spacing with 54,922 active model cells distributed over three model layers. A confining unit in the south-central part of the Bellevue fan necessitated the use of a multi-layer model. Specified-flow boundaries were used to simulate the groundwater inflows from each of the major tributary basins (also known as tributary basin underflow) and the areal recharge of precipitation and applied irrigation. Head‑dependent flow boundaries were used to simulate the stream-aquifer flow exchange in river reaches and the groundwater discharge at the outlet boundaries of Stanton Crossing and Silver Creek. The model was calibrated by adjusting aquifer hydraulic properties to match simulated and measured water levels and stream-aquifer flow exchange, using the parameter-estimation program PEST. The model reasonably simulated the measured water-table elevation, orientation, and gradients. Stream-aquifer flow exchange along river reaches also was reasonably simulated by the model.
\nInflow into the WRV aquifer system originates from three sources (from largest to smallest):
\nOutflow from the WRV aquifer system originates from five sources (from largest to smallest):
\nTemporal changes in aquifer storage are most affected by areal recharge and groundwater pumping, and also contribute to changes in streamflow gains.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165080","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Fisher, J.C., Bartolino, J.R., Wylie, A.H., Sukow, Jennifer, and McVay, Michael, 2016, Groundwater-flow model of the Wood River Valley aquifer system, south-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5080, 71 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165080.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 71 p.; Appendixes A-H; Model Archive; Data Repository","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039541","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324425,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixE.pdf","text":"Appendix E","size":"6.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix E","linkHelpText":"Tributary Basin Underflow into the Wood River Valley Aquifer System, South-Central Idaho"},{"id":324424,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixD.pdf","text":"Appendix D","size":"11 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix D","linkHelpText":"Uncalibrated Groundwater-Flow Model for the Wood River Valley Aquifer System, South-Central Idaho"},{"id":324426,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixF.pdf","text":"Appendix F","size":"8.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix F","linkHelpText":"Natural Groundwater Recharge and Discharge in the Wood River Valley Aquifer System, South-Central Idaho"},{"id":324428,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixH.pdf","text":"Appendix H","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix H","linkHelpText":"Calibration of the Wood River Valley Groundwater Flow Model"},{"id":324427,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixG.pdf","text":"Appendix G","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix G","linkHelpText":"Incidental Groundwater Recharge and Pumping Demand in the Wood River Valley Aquifer System, South-Central Idaho"},{"id":324430,"rank":12,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://github.com/USGS-R/wrv","text":"R-package repository"},{"id":324423,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixC.pdf","text":"Appendix C","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix C","linkHelpText":"Creating Datasets for the R-Package ‘wrv’"},{"id":324429,"rank":11,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7C827DT","text":"Model Archive"},{"id":324419,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":324420,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Report PDF"},{"id":324421,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixA.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"2.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix A","linkHelpText":"An Introduction to the R-Package ‘wrv’"},{"id":324422,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5080/sir20165080_appendixB.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"525 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5080 Appendix B","linkHelpText":"Manual for Functions and Datasets in the R-Package ‘wrv’"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Wood River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 43.82065657651685\n ],\n [\n -114.04083251953124,\n 43.82065657651685\n ],\n [\n -114.04083251953124,\n 43.30119623257966\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 43.30119623257966\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
http://id.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Transportation Department, updated regional regression equations to estimate peak-flow statistics at ungaged sites on Idaho streams using recent streamflow (flow) data and new statistical techniques. Peak-flow statistics with 80-, 67-, 50-, 43-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probabilities (1.25-, 1.50-, 2.00-, 2.33-, 5.00-, 10.0-, 25.0-, 50.0-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year recurrence intervals, respectively) were estimated for 192 streamgages in Idaho and bordering States with at least 10 years of annual peak-flow record through water year 2013. The streamgages were selected from drainage basins with little or no flow diversion or regulation. The peak-flow statistics were estimated by fitting a log-Pearson type III distribution to records of annual peak flows and applying two additional statistical methods: (1) the Expected Moments Algorithm to help describe uncertainty in annual peak flows and to better represent missing and historical record; and (2) the generalized Multiple Grubbs Beck Test to screen out potentially influential low outliers and to better fit the upper end of the peak-flow distribution. Additionally, a new regional skew was estimated for the Pacific Northwest and used to weight at-station skew at most streamgages. The streamgages were grouped into six regions (numbered 1_2, 3, 4, 5, 6_8, and 7, to maintain consistency in region numbering with a previous study), and the estimated peak-flow statistics were related to basin and climatic characteristics to develop regional regression equations using a generalized least squares procedure. Four out of 24 evaluated basin and climatic characteristics were selected for use in the final regional peak-flow regression equations.
Overall, the standard error of prediction for the regional peak-flow regression equations ranged from 22 to 132 percent. Among all regions, regression model fit was best for region 4 in west-central Idaho (average standard error of prediction=46.4 percent; pseudo-R2>92 percent) and region 5 in central Idaho (average standard error of prediction=30.3 percent; pseudo-R2>95 percent). Regression model fit was poor for region 7 in southern Idaho (average standard error of prediction=103 percent; pseudo-R2<78 percent) compared to other regions because few streamgages in region 7 met the criteria for inclusion in the study, and the region’s semi-arid climate and associated variability in precipitation patterns causes substantial variability in peak flows.
A drainage area ratio-adjustment method, using ratio exponents estimated using generalized least-squares regression, was presented as an alternative to the regional regression equations if peak-flow estimates are desired at an ungaged site that is close to a streamgage selected for inclusion in this study. The alternative drainage area ratio-adjustment method is appropriate for use when the drainage area ratio between the ungaged and gaged sites is between 0.5 and 1.5.
The updated regional peak-flow regression equations had lower total error (standard error of prediction) than all regression equations presented in a 1982 study and in four of six regions presented in 2002 and 2003 studies in Idaho. A more extensive streamgage screening process used in the current study resulted in fewer streamgages used in the current study than in the 1982, 2002, and 2003 studies. Fewer streamgages used and the selection of different explanatory variables were likely causes of increased error in some regions compared to previous studies, but overall, regional peak‑flow regression model fit was generally improved for Idaho. The revised statistical procedures and increased streamgage screening applied in the current study most likely resulted in a more accurate representation of natural peak-flow conditions.
The updated, regional peak-flow regression equations will be integrated in the U.S. Geological Survey StreamStats program to allow users to estimate basin and climatic characteristics and peak-flow statistics at ungaged locations of interest. StreamStats estimates peak-flow statistics with quantifiable certainty only when used at sites with basin and climatic characteristics within the range of input variables used to develop the regional regression equations. Both the regional regression equations and StreamStats should be used to estimate peak-flow statistics only in naturally flowing, relatively unregulated streams without substantial local influences to flow, such as large seeps, springs, or other groundwater-surface water interactions that are not widespread or characteristic of the respective region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165083","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Transportation Department","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., Fosness, R.L., Skinner, K.D., and Veilleux, A.G., 2016, Estimating peak-flow frequency statistics for selected gaged and ungaged sites in naturally flowing streams and rivers in Idaho (ver. 1.1, April 2017): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5083, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20165083.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 56 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046287","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324444,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5083/sir20165083.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5083 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\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted June 27, 2016; Version 1.1: April 26, 2017","contact":"Director, Idaho Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
230 Collins Road
Boise, Idaho 83702
https://id.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), as part of the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards project, conducts baseline and storm-response photography missions to document and understand the changes in vulnerability of the Nation's coasts to extreme storms (Morgan, 2009). On October 7–9, 2015, the USGS conducted an oblique aerial photographic survey of the coast from the South Carolina/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York (fig. 1), aboard a Cessna 182 (aircraft) at an altitude of 500 feet (ft) and approximately 1,200 ft offshore fig. 2. This mission was conducted to collect post-Hurricane Joaquin data for assessing incremental changes in the beach and nearshore area since the last surveys, mission flown in September 2014 (Virginia to New York: Morgan, 2015), November 2012 (northern North Carolina: Morgan and others, 2014) and May 2008 (southern North Carolina: unpublished report), and the data can be used to assess of future coastal change.
The photographs in this report are Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) images. ExifTool was used to add the following to the header of each photo: time of collection, Global Positioning System (GPS) latitude, GPS longitude, keywords, credit, artist (photographer), caption, copyright, and contact information. The photograph locations are an estimate of the position of the aircraft at the time the photograph was taken and do not indicate the location of any feature in the images (see the Navigation Data page). These photographs document the state of the barrier islands and other coastal features at the time of the survey. Pages containing thumbnail images of the photographs, referred to as contact sheets, were created in 5-minute segments of flight time. These segments can be found on the Photos and Maps page. Photographs can be opened directly with any JPEG-compatible image viewer by clicking on a thumbnail on the contact sheet.
In addition to the photographs, a Google Earth Keyhole Markup Language (KML) file is provided and can be used to view the images by clicking on the marker and then clicking on either the thumbnail or the link above the thumbnail. The KML file was created using the photographic navigation files. This KML file can be found in the kml folder.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds995","usgsCitation":"Morgan, K.L.M., 2016, Post-Hurricane Joaquin coastal oblique aerial photographs collected from the South Carolina/North Carolina border to Montauk Point, New York, October 7–9, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 995, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds995.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074292","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0995"},{"id":324389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 33.7243396617476\n ],\n [\n -77.816162109375,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -76.431884765625,\n 34.58799745550482\n ],\n [\n -75.41015624999999,\n 35.21869749632885\n ],\n [\n -75.333251953125,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -75.860595703125,\n 36.923547681089296\n ],\n [\n -75.552978515625,\n 37.448696585910376\n ],\n [\n -74.87182617187499,\n 38.53097889440026\n ],\n [\n -74.70703125,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -74.014892578125,\n 39.63953756436671\n ],\n [\n -73.89404296875,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -72.960205078125,\n 40.60561205826018\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -71.817626953125,\n 41.1455697310095\n ],\n [\n -73.10302734375,\n 40.85537053192496\n ],\n [\n -73.948974609375,\n 40.73893324113603\n ],\n [\n -74.1357421875,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -74.38842773437499,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 39.00211029922512\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 38.47939467327645\n ],\n [\n -76.256103515625,\n 36.94111143010772\n ],\n [\n -75.684814453125,\n 35.68407153314097\n ],\n [\n -75.69580078125,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -76.57470703125,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -77.376708984375,\n 34.7506398050501\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 34.23451236236984\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 33.916013113401696\n ],\n [\n -78.55224609374999,\n 33.7243396617476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
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600 4th Street South
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(727) 502–8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov
Bacteria related to the intestinal tract of humans and other warm-blooded animals have been detected in fresh and saline surface waters used for recreational purposes in coastal areas of Horry County, South Carolina, since the early 2000s. Specifically, concentrations of the facultative anaerobic organism, Enterococcus, have been observed to exceed the single-sample regulatory limit of 104 colony forming units per 100 milliliters of water. Water bodies characterized by these concentrations are identified on the 303(d) list for impaired water in South Carolina; moreover, because current analytical methods used to monitor Enterococcus concentrations take up to 1 day for results to become available, water-quality advisories are not reflective of the actual health risk.
\nTo determine if Enterococcus concentrations in surface water could be assessed in a more rapid manner, an investigation was completed between 2003 and 2004 in the study area of coastal Horry County, South Carolina. The study was designed to assess the relation between Enterococcus concentrations and turbidity, which, unlike Enterococcus concentrations, can be measured continuously by using a multiparameter water-quality sensor and results reported in real time. In 2003, three water-quality data collection stations that included a multiparameter water-quality sensor that measured turbidity were located in three representative surface-water basins in coastal Horry County, South Carolina. All these locations had previous reports of high Enterococcus concentrations. At each station, the water-quality sensor was placed in the water column and continuously measured turbidity, pH, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Each water-quality data collection station also monitored instantaneous precipitation and wind speed and direction. Surface-water samples were collected at each station during events characterized by no precipitation and by some recorded precipitation using manual and automatic methods, and analyzed for Enterococcus concentrations. A comparison of Enterococcus concentrations in surface-water samples collected simultaneously using both methods indicated a positive relation, although the average percent relative difference between the methods was 46 percent.
\nDuring a period of no precipitation in February 2004, no relation between turbidity and Enterococcus concentrations was observed for surface-water samples collected at the water-quality data collection station located in the channel that drains a freshwater swamp. In contrast, during periods of precipitation in March and August 2004 at this location, a positive relation was observed between turbidity and Enterococcus concentrations in surface-water samples; that is, water samples characterized by higher turbidity also contained higher Enterococcus concentrations. At the water-quality data collection station located in a channel that drains to the surf zone of the Atlantic Ocean, no relation was observed between turbidity and Enterococcus concentrations during periods of either no precipitation (July 2004) or precipitation (August 2004). At this location, the turbidity was inversely related to relative tide height, high turbidity was observed during low tide when freshwater flowed seaward, and low turbidity was observed during high tide when saline seawater flowed landward.
\nThe positive relation observed between turbidity and Enterococcus concentrations in surface water at the water-quality data collection station located in the channel that drains a freshwater swamp may be attributed to bacterial survival in the abundant channel bed sediments that characterized this more naturalized area. Surface-water bed sediments collected near each water-quality data collection station and the surf zone were incubated in static microcosms in the laboratory and analyzed for Enterococcus concentrations over time. Enterococcus concentrations continued to persist in bed sediments collected in the channel that drains the swamp even after almost 4 months of incubation. Conversely, enterococci were not observed to persist in bed sediments characterized by high specific conductance. Although it is currently (2016) unknown whether this persistence of enterococci demonstrates growth or viability, the data indicate that enterococci can exist in channel bed-sediment environments outside of a host for a long time. This observation confirms previous reports that challenge the use of Enterococcus concentrations as an indicator of the recent introduction of fecal-related material and the associated acute risk to other pathogens.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Horry County Stormwater Management ","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J.E., and Garigen, T.J., 2016, Relation between Enterococcus concentrations and turbidity in fresh and saline recreational waters, coastal Horry County, South Carolina, 2003–04: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1015, 21 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161015.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p., Appendixes: Tables 1-1, 1-2, 1-3","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064657","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324066,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1015/ofr20161015.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 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South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
(678) 924–6700
https://www.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/
This report describes the analytical methods and results of a pilot study to enhance the Ohio StreamStats application by adding the ability to obtain water-use information for selected areas in the northeast quadrant of Ohio. Water-use estimates are determined in StreamStats through a simple multistep process.
\nWater-use data used to develop the Ohio StreamStats water-use application were obtained from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) and 2010 countywide estimates of self-supplied domestic water use (hereafter referred to as “domestic water use”) compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). With the exception of domestic water uses, monthly time series of reported water uses for 2005–2012 are used to calculate average monthly and average annual withdrawals. Domestic water use is estimated from the USGS 2010 countywide estimates, assuming that water use is distributed uniformly in space and time. Consumptive-use coefficients are used to estimate net withdrawals and facilitate computation of return flows.
\nTemporary water-use registrations for hydraulic fracturing are tabulated separately from the other water uses. Water-use indices are computed by dividing average annual net withdrawals (with and without temporary registrations) by the mean October streamflow estimated with StreamStats. The water-use indices are intended to provide metrics of potential consumptive water use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ohio Water Development Authority and the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G.F., Nardi, M.R., and Shaffer, K.H., 2016, Estimation of upstream water use with Ohio’s StreamStats application: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5077, 13 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165077.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-072219","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324337,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5077/sir20165077.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5077"},{"id":324336,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5077/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Ohio Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6480 Doubletree Ave
Columbus, OH 43229–1111
http://oh.water.usgs.gov/
The Texas Department of State Health Services issued fish consumption advisories in 2003 and 2010 for Leon Creek in San Antonio, Texas, based on elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish tissues. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measured elevated PCB concentrations in stream-sediment samples collected during 2007–9 from Leon Creek at Lackland Air Force Base (now known as Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland; the sampling site at this base is hereinafter referred to as the “Joint Base site”) and sites on Leon Creek downstream from the base. This report describes the occurrence and concentrations of selected trace elements and halogenated organic compounds (pesticides, flame retardants, and PCBs) and potential sources of PCBs in stream-sediment samples collected from four sites on Leon Creek during 2012–14. In downstream order, sediment samples were collected from Leon Creek at northwest Interstate Highway 410 (Loop 410), Rodriguez Park, Morey Road, and Joint Base. The USGS periodically collected streambed-sediment samples during low flow and suspended-sediment samples during high flow.
\nTrace element concentrations were low compared to the consensus-based sediment-quality guidelines (SQGs) for the threshold effect concentration (TEC) and probable effect concentration (PEC). Adverse effects to benthic biota are not expected at concentrations less than the TEC and are expected at concentrations greater than the PEC. No trace element concentrations were greater than the PEC in any of the samples. Trace element concentrations were greatest at the Morey Road and Joint Base sites and exceeded the TECs by 41 and 27 percent, respectively. Trace element concentrations were lowest at the Rodriguez Park and Loop 410 sites and exceeded the TECs by 18 and 14 percent, respectively.
\nPesticides that have been banned for several decades are commonly detected in Leon Creek stream sediments, particularly the chlordane compounds. Chlordane compounds were detected in 84 percent of the samples and at every sample collection site. The samples collected from the Rodriguez Park site had the most pesticide compounds detected. Only samples collected from the Joint Base site had dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) concentrations greater than the TEC, and a few were also greater than the PEC.
\nFlame retardants were found at every site on Leon Creek where stream sediments were collected; however, a few compounds were frequently detected in the laboratory reagent blanks so their detections in the environmental samples may not be from local sources. Consensus-based SQGs were not available for flame retardants so samples were compared to Environment Canada Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines (FEQGs). The concentrations of flame retardants generally were greater in the suspended-sediment samples than the streambed-sediment samples and greater than the FEQGs in many cases.
\nEighteen PCB congeners were quantified in the sediment samples collected from Leon Creek. The samples collected from the Joint Base site had the most frequent PCB congener detections. Total PCB concentrations, computed as the sum of the 18 congeners by using the Kaplan-Meier method for left-censored environmental data, were much smaller than the TEC of 59.8 micrograms per kilogram (μg/kg). When detected, the concentrations of total PCBs in the stream-sediment samples collected from Leon Creek during 2012–14 ranged from an estimated 0.2 to 8.7 μg/kg.
\nSediment samples collected from Leon Creek by the USGS during 2007–9 and 2012–14 at a total of eight sites following identical field and laboratory methods were evaluated to determine if potential PCB sources could be identified. Total PCB concentrations in the sediment samples collected upstream from the Joint Base site were low or nondetections; while concentrations in the samples collected on and downstream from the Joint Base site were greater. Congeners 180 and 138 constituted the greatest proportion of the PCB mixture in samples collected upstream from, on, and downstream from the Joint Base site. Upstream from the Joint Base site, congeners 180 and 138 constituted 50 percent and 35 percent respectively of the PCBs congeners found in the samples. On and downstream from the Joint Base site, congeners 180 and 138 constituted 80 percent and 13 percent respectively of the PCBs congeners found in the samples. Chi-square (C2) tests also indicate that samples collected from the Loop 410 site were statistically different from samples collected from the Joint Base site and sites downstream. The PCB congener pattern in the Leon Creek samples is most like the congener mixture in Aroclor 1260, which is chemically similar to the PCBs detected in the fish samples that resulted in the 2003 fish consumption advisory.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.T., 2016, Occurrence and concentrations of selected trace elements and halogenated organic compounds in stream sediments and potential sources of polychlorinated biphenyls, Leon Creek, San Antonio, Texas, 2012–14: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5039, 99 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165039.","productDescription":"viii, 99 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"111","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-069499","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324297,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5039/sir20165039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.90 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5039"},{"id":324296,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5039/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"San Antonio","otherGeospatial":"Leon Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.60401153564452,\n 29.2324852813013\n ],\n [\n -98.60401153564452,\n 29.354349397730857\n ],\n [\n -98.5089111328125,\n 29.354349397730857\n ],\n [\n -98.5089111328125,\n 29.2324852813013\n ],\n [\n -98.60401153564452,\n 29.2324852813013\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754-4501
Bathymetric and velocimetric data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation, near 8 bridges at 7 highway crossings of the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, from June 2 to 4, 2015. A multibeam echosounder mapping system was used to obtain channel-bed elevations for river reaches ranging from 1,640 to 1,660 feet longitudinally and extending laterally across the active channel from bank to bank during low to moderate flood flow conditions. These bathymetric surveys indicate the channel conditions at the time of the surveys and provide characteristics of scour holes that may be useful in the development of predictive guidelines or equations for scour holes. These data also may be useful to the Missouri Department of Transportation as a low to moderate flood flow comparison to help assess the bridges for stability and integrity issues with respect to bridge scour during floods.
\nBathymetric data were collected around every pier that was in water, except those at the edge of water or surrounded by a debris raft, and scour holes were observed at most surveyed piers. The observed scour holes at the surveyed bridges were examined with respect to shape and depth. Although exposure of parts of substructural support elements was observed at several piers, the exposure likely can be considered minimal compared to the overall substructure that remains buried in bed material at these piers.
\nThe frontal slope values determined for scour holes observed in the current (2015) study generally are similar to recommended values in the literature and values determined for scour holes in previous bathymetric surveys. Several of the structures had piers that were skewed to primary approach flow, and generally the scour hole was deeper and longer on the side of the pier with impinging flow, with some amount of deposition on the leeward side, typical of conditions observed at piers skewed to approach flow; however, at structure A7650 (site 10), the scour hole was deeper and longer on the leeward side of the pier, possibly because of a deflection and contraction of flow caused by a protrusion of the corresponding bank at the bridge.
\nPrevious bathymetric surveys exist for all the sites examined in this study. Comparisons between bathymetric surfaces from the previous surveys (in March 2010 and during the 2011 flood) and those of this study do not indicate any consistent correlation in channel-bed elevations with flow conditions. A simplified assumption of equal to lesser magnitude scour for the lower discharge in the 2015 surveys did not consistently prove to be true, particularly in respect to the depth of observed scour near the piers when compared to results collected during the 2011 flood.
\nA local spatial minimum average channel-bed elevation at structure A7650 (site 10) compared to adjacent sites may indicate this site is at or near a local feature that controls sediment deposition and scour. The average channel-bed elevation values and the distribution of channel-bed elevations imply that sediment unable to deposit near structure A7650 is flushed downstream and deposits at the next downstream site, structure A5817 (site 11).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165061","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Huizinga, R.J., 2016, Bathymetric and velocimetric surveys at highway bridges crossing the Missouri River near Kansas City, Missouri, June 2–4, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5061, 93 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165061.","productDescription":"ix, 93 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073946","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/sir20165061.pdf","text":"Report","size":"27.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5061"},{"id":324167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 39.2\n ],\n [\n -94.7,\n 39.2\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Missouri Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District manage groundwater resources in a part of west Texas near the Texas-New Mexico State line. Declining groundwater levels have raised concerns about the amount of available groundwater in the study area and the potential for water-quality changes resulting from dewatering and increased vertical groundwater movement between adjacent water-bearing units.
\nIn 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District, began a multiphase project to develop a regional conceptual model of the hydrogeologic framework and geochemistry of the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers. The Ogallala aquifer is the shallowest aquifer in the study area and is the primary source of water for agriculture and municipal supply in the area. This report describes the results of the first phase of the study, during which groundwater-level-altitude and selected water-quality data from wells in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties were compiled and evaluated for the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, and Dockum aquifers.
\nReadily available digital groundwater data for the study area (geologic, well-construction, groundwater-level-altitude, and selected water-quality data) were compiled to assess temporal and spatial changes in groundwater resources from early development (1930–60) to recent (2005–15) periods. Pertinent data were compiled from available sources for the study area and for a 5-mile buffer area around the study area to prevent gridding errors near the boundary. Geologic and well-construction data were used to determine or verify the aquifer in which each well was completed. Depending on the available data, the aquifer assignment (aquifer in which a given well was completed) was determined on the basis of the following criteria, in order of priority: (1) the screened or open interval(s) of the well, (2) the total depth of the well, or (3) the completed aquifer reported for a given well by the data source.
\nPotentiometric-surface maps were created to depict changes in groundwater-level altitudes for the Ogallala and Edwards-Trinity aquifers. In addition to comparing groundwater-level altitudes and water quality from the early development and recent periods, hydrographs of groundwater-level altitudes were created, and changes in water quality for various periods between 1930 and 2015 were evaluated. Variance maps for each groundwater-level-altitude grid were used to evaluate the spatial data coverage and to identify areas with higher uncertainty because of spatially limited data availability for some of the aquifers.
\nFor this report, existing dissolved-solids and nitrate concentration data were compiled and assessed for evidence of spatial patterns and changes over time. These data were compiled for samples collected from wells completed in the Ogallala, Edwards-Trinity, or Dockum aquifer during the early development period (1930–60) or the recent period (2005–15); temporal and spatial variations were assessed from depictions of the measured concentration values. Dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations measured in samples from three wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer (well identifiers 11524, 11824, and 11825) for which long-term monitoring was done for various periods between 1950 and 2015 were also compiled and analyzed.
\nGroundwater-level altitudes of the Ogallala aquifer are generally higher in the northwestern part of the study area and lower in the southeastern part of the study area, varying by as much as 800 feet. Groundwater flow paths for the early development period generally trend from northwest to southeast across the study area. Compared to those for the early development period, local features in the potentiometric surface for the recent period are more pronounced, likely as a result of additional data coverage, increased groundwater withdrawals, and local flow paths that are more variable.
\nFor the Edwards-Trinity aquifer potentiometric-surface map of the recent period, a general northwest to southeast flow gradient was also evident, with some subtle differences compared to the early development period. The Edwards-Trinity aquifer water-level-altitude change map between the early development and recent periods indicated similar spatial trends as in the Ogallala aquifer and indicated that groundwater-level altitudes declined over a large amount of the area for which sufficient data were available for reliably mapping changes.
\nDuring the recent period, median dissolved-solids concentrations of less than 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) were predominantly measured in the western part of the study area, and median concentrations of more than 1,000 mg/L were predominantly measured in the eastern part of the study area. A general pattern of increasing nitrate concentrations from west to the northeast was evident in the study area. Nitrate concentrations measured in samples collected from 16 wells completed in the Ogallala aquifer for the recent period were equal to or greater than 10 mg/L, the primary drinking water standard for finished drinking water.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3355","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Llano Estacado Underground Water Conservation District, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, and South Plains Underground Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Thomas, J.V., Teeple, A.P., Payne, J.D., and Ikard, Scott, 2016, Changes between early development (1930–60) and recent (2005–15) groundwater-level altitudes and dissolved-solids and nitrate concentrations in and near Gaines, Terry, and Yoakum Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3355, 2 sheets, pamphlet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3355.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 32.00 x 35.00 and 32.00 x 35.00; 11 Tables; Pamphlet: vi, 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-065525","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321242,"rank":3,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet1.pdf","text":"Sheet 1","size":"2.71 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 1"},{"id":321243,"rank":4,"type":{"id":26,"text":"Sheet"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_sheet2.pdf","text":"Sheet 2","size":"1.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Sheet 2"},{"id":321244,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_tables01to11.xlsx","text":"Tables 1 to 11","size":"1.13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIM 3355 Tables 1 to 11"},{"id":321241,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3355/sim3355_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Pamphlet","size":"943 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIM 3355 Pamphlet"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Gaines County, Terry County, Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-102.2039,32.961],[-102.2038,32.5237],[-102.2109,32.524],[-103.0637,32.5215],[-103.0632,32.9589],[-103.0632,33.0017],[-103.0593,33.209],[-103.0559,33.3903],[-102.5954,33.3903],[-102.0774,33.3894],[-102.0782,32.9611],[-102.2039,32.961]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Gaines\",\"state\":\"TX\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Texas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1505 Ferguson Lane
Austin, TX 78754–4733
Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia (fig. 1), is dependent on groundwater for its municipal and industrial water supply. The population of Mongolia is about 3 million people, with about one-half the population residing in or near Ulaanbaatar (World Population Review, 2016). Groundwater is drawn from a network of shallow wells in an alluvial aquifer along the Tuul River. Evidence indicates that current water use may not be sustainable from existing water sources, especially when factoring the projected water demand from a rapidly growing urban population (Ministry of Environment and Green Development, 2013). In response, the Government of Mongolia Ministry of Environment, Green Development, and Tourism (MEGDT) and the Freshwater Institute, Mongolia, requested technical assistance on groundwater modeling through the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Scientists from the USGS and USACE provided two workshops in 2015 to Mongolian hydrology experts on basic principles of groundwater modeling using the USGS groundwater modeling program MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005). The purpose of the workshops was to bring together representatives from the Government of Mongolia, local universities, technical experts, and other key stakeholders to build in-country capacity in hydrogeology and groundwater modeling.
A preliminary steady-state groundwater-flow model was developed as part of the workshops to demonstrate groundwater modeling techniques to simulate groundwater conditions in alluvial deposits along the Tuul River in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar. ModelMuse (Winston, 2009) was used as the graphical user interface for MODFLOW for training purposes during the workshops. Basic and advanced groundwater modeling concepts included in the workshops were groundwater principles; estimating hydraulic properties; developing model grids, data sets, and MODFLOW input files; and viewing and evaluating MODFLOW output files. A key to success was developing in-country technical capacity and partnerships with the Mongolian University of Science and Technology; Freshwater Institute, Mongolia, a non-profit organization; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the Government of Mongolia; and the USACE.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; U.S. Pacific Command; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management under the auspices of UNESCO; Government of Mongolia Ministry of Environment, Green Development, and Tourism; and Freshwater Institute, Mongolia","usgsCitation":"Valder, J.F., Carter, J.M., Anderson, M.T., Davis, K.W., Haynes M.A., and Dechinlhundev, Dorjsuren, 2016, Building groundwater modeling capacity in Mongolia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1096, 1 sheet, https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161096.","productDescription":"Sheet: 60.00 x 36.00 inches","numberOfPages":"1","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-075136","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323764,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1096/ofr20161096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1096"},{"id":323763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1096/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"Mongolia","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[87.75126,49.2972],[88.80557,49.47052],[90.71367,50.33181],[92.23471,50.80217],[93.10422,50.49529],[94.14757,50.48054],[94.81595,50.01343],[95.81403,49.97747],[97.25973,49.72606],[98.23176,50.4224],[97.82574,51.011],[98.86149,52.04737],[99.98173,51.63401],[100.88948,51.51686],[102.06522,51.25992],[102.25591,50.51056],[103.67655,50.08997],[104.62155,50.27533],[105.88659,50.40602],[106.8888,50.2743],[107.86818,49.79371],[108.47517,49.28255],[109.40245,49.29296],[110.66201,49.13013],[111.58123,49.37797],[112.89774,49.54357],[114.36246,50.2483],[114.96211,50.14025],[115.4857,49.80518],[116.6788,49.88853],[116.1918,49.1346],[115.48528,48.13538],[115.74284,47.72654],[116.30895,47.85341],[117.29551,47.69771],[118.06414,48.06673],[118.86657,47.74706],[119.77282,47.04806],[119.66327,46.69268],[118.87433,46.80541],[117.4217,46.67273],[116.71787,46.3882],[115.9851,45.72724],[114.46033,45.33982],[113.46391,44.80889],[112.43606,45.01165],[111.87331,45.10208],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.12968,43.40683],[110.4121,42.87123],[109.2436,42.51945],[107.74477,42.48152],[106.12932,42.13433],[104.96499,41.59741],[104.52228,41.90835],[103.31228,41.90747],[101.83304,42.51487],[100.84587,42.6638],[99.51582,42.52469],[97.45176,42.74889],[96.3494,42.72564],[95.76245,43.31945],[95.30688,44.24133],[94.68893,44.35233],[93.48073,44.97547],[92.13389,45.11508],[90.94554,45.28607],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.28083,47.69355],[88.8543,48.06908],[88.01383,48.59946],[87.75126,49.2972]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mongolia\"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Dakota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, South Dakota 57702
Or visit the South Dakota Water Science Center Web site at:
http://sd.water.usgs.gov/
The ability to characterize baseline streamflow conditions, compare them with current conditions, and assess effects of human activities on streamflow is fundamental to water-management programs addressing water allocation, human-health issues, recreation needs, and establishment of ecological flow criteria. The U.S. Geological Survey, through the National Water Census, has developed the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET) to estimate baseline (minimally altered) and altered (affected by regulation, diversion, mining, or other anthropogenic activities) and altered streamflow at a daily time step for ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin for water years 1960–2010. Daily mean baseline streamflow is estimated by using the QPPQ method to equate streamflow expressed as a percentile from the flow-duration curve (FDC) for a particular day at an ungaged stream location with the percentile from a FDC for the same day at a hydrologically similar gaged location where streamflow is measured. Parameter-based regression equations were developed for 22 exceedance probabilities from the FDC for ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin. Water use data from 2010 is used to adjust the baseline daily mean streamflow generated from the QPPQ method at ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin to reflect current, or altered, conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the overall QPPQ method contained within DRB-SET, a comparison of observed and estimated daily mean streamflows was performed for 109 reference streamgages in and near the Delaware River Basin. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values were computed as a measure of goodness of fit. The NSE values (using log10 streamflow values) ranged from 0.22 to 0.98 (median of 0.90) for 45 streamgages in the Upper Delaware River Basin and from -0.37 to 0.98 (median of 0.79) for 41 streamgages in the Lower Delaware River Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155157","collaboration":"National Water Census","usgsCitation":"Stuckey, M.H., 2016, Estimation of daily mean streamflow for ungaged stream locations in the Delaware River Basin, water years 1960–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5157, 42 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155157.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066276","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20151192","text":"User’s Guide for the Delaware River Basin Streamflow Estimator Tool (DRB-SET)","description":"SIR 2015-5157"},{"id":321421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5157/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321422,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5157/sir20155157.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.64 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5157"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ],\n [\n -74.498291015625,\n 39.8465036024177\n ],\n [\n -74.4927978515625,\n 40.26695230509781\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 40.75974059207392\n ],\n [\n -74.6685791015625,\n 40.979898069620155\n ],\n [\n -74.5806884765625,\n 41.335575973123895\n ],\n [\n -74.11376953125,\n 42.13082130188811\n ],\n [\n -74.9432373046875,\n 42.44372793752476\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -75.8880615234375,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -76.343994140625,\n 40.329795743702064\n ],\n [\n -76.04736328125,\n 39.73253798438173\n ],\n [\n -75.4815673828125,\n 39.70296052957233\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Coordinator—National Water Census
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive
Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Or visit the National Water Census Web site at:
http://water.usgs.gov/watercensus
Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.5-mile reach of Sugar Creek at Crawfordsville, Indiana, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage 03339500, Sugar Creek at Crawfordsville, Ind. Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site (NWS site CRWI3).
Flood profiles were computed for the USGS streamgage 03339500, Sugar Creek at Crawfordsville, Ind., reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater hydraulic modeling software developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated using the current stage-discharge rating at the USGS streamgage 03339500, Sugar Creek at Crawfordsville, Ind., and high-water marks from the flood of April 19, 2013, which reached a stage of 15.3 feet. The hydraulic model was then used to compute 13 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum ranging from 4.0 ft (the NWS “action stage”) to 16.0 ft, which is the highest stage interval of the current USGS stage-discharge rating curve and 2 ft higher than the NWS “major flood stage.” The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Geographic Information System digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging [lidar]) data having a 0.49-ft root mean squared error and 4.9-ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each stage.
The availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NWS, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Martin, Z.W., 2016, Flood-inundation maps for Sugar Creek at Crawfordsville, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5043, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165043.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Metadata; Spatial Data","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-068569","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":322126,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5043/sir20165043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.63 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5043"},{"id":322129,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5043/downloads/sir20165043_metadata_depthgrids.txt","text":"Depth Grids","size":"16.1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5043"},{"id":322130,"rank":3,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5043/downloads/sir20165043_metadata_shapefiles.txt ","text":"Shapefiles","size":"17.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2016-5043"},{"id":322131,"rank":5,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5043/downloads/sir20165043_shapefiles.zip","text":"Shapefiles","size":"1.50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5043"},{"id":322132,"rank":6,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5043/downloads/sir20165043_depthgrids.zip","text":"Depth Grids","size":"11.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"SIR 2016-5043"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Crawfordsville","otherGeospatial":"Sugar Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.956787109375,\n 40.04115213981706\n ],\n [\n -86.95318222045898,\n 40.035369372460266\n ],\n [\n -86.89807891845703,\n 40.04548889350432\n ],\n [\n -86.88434600830078,\n 40.07557573609214\n ],\n [\n -86.89498901367188,\n 40.07807142745009\n ],\n [\n -86.9073486328125,\n 40.05442436453555\n ],\n [\n -86.92811965942383,\n 40.052322006146916\n ],\n [\n -86.956787109375,\n 40.04115213981706\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd
Indianapolis, IN 46278
http://in.water.usgs.gov/
Two test wells were completed at the Barbour Pointe community in western Chatham County, near Savannah, Georgia, in 2013 to investigate the potential of using the Lower Floridan aquifer as a source of municipal water supply. One well was completed in the Lower Floridan aquifer at a depth of 1,080 feet (ft) below land surface; the other well was completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer at a depth of 440 ft below land surface. At the Barbour Pointe test site, the U.S. Geological Survey completed electromagnetic (EM) flowmeter surveys, collected and analyzed water samples from discrete depths, and completed a 72-hour aquifer test of the Floridan aquifer system withdrawing from the Lower Floridan aquifer.
Based on drill cuttings, geophysical logs, and borehole EM flowmeter surveys collected at the Barbour Pointe test site, the Upper Floridan aquifer extends 369 to 567 ft below land surface, the middle semiconfining unit, separating the two aquifers, extends 567 to 714 ft below land surface, and the Lower Floridan aquifer extends 714 to 1,056 ft below land surface.
A borehole EM flowmeter survey indicates that the Upper Floridan and Lower Floridan aquifers each contain four water-bearing zones. The EM flowmeter logs of the test hole open to the entire Floridan aquifer system indicated that the Upper Floridan aquifer contributed 91 percent of the total flow rate of 1,000 gallons per minute; the Lower Floridan aquifer contributed about 8 percent. Based on the transmissivity of the middle semiconfining unit and the Floridan aquifer system, the middle semiconfining unit probably contributed on the order of 1 percent of the total flow.
Hydraulic properties of the Upper Floridan and Lower Floridan aquifers were estimated based on results of the EM flowmeter survey and a 72-hour aquifer test completed in Lower Floridan aquifer well 36Q398. The EM flowmeter data were analyzed using an AnalyzeHOLE-generated model to simulate upward borehole flow and determine the transmissivity of water-bearing zones. Aquifer-test data were analyzed with a two-dimensional, axisymmetric, radial, transient, groundwater-flow model using MODFLOW–2005. The flowmeter-survey and aquifer-test simulations provided an estimated transmissivity of about 60,000 square feet per day for the Upper Floridan aquifer and about 5,000 square feet per day for the Lower Floridan aquifer.
Water in discrete-depth samples collected from the Upper Floridan aquifer, middle semiconfining unit, and Lower Floridan aquifer during the EM flowmeter survey in August 2013 was low in dissolved solids. Tested constituents were in concentrations within established U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water-quality criteria. Concentrations of measured constituents in water samples from Lower Floridan aquifer well 36Q398 collected at the end of the 72-hour aquifer test in November 2013 were generally higher than in the discrete-depth samples collected during EM flowmeter testing in August 2013 but remained within established drinking water-quality criteria.
Water-level data for the aquifer test were filtered for external influences such as barometric pressure, earth-tide effects, and long-term trends to enable detection of small (less than 1 ft) water-level responses to aquifer-test withdrawal. During the 72-hour aquifer test, the Lower Floridan aquifer was pumped at a rate of 750 gallons per minute resulting in a drawdown response of 35.5 ft in the pumped well; 1.6 ft in the Lower Floridan aquifer observation well located about 6,000 ft west of the pumped well; and responses of 0.7, 0.6, and 0.4 ft in the Upper Floridan aquifer observation wells located about 36 ft, 6,000 ft, and 6,800 ft from the pumped well, respectively
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Consolidated Utilities LLC, Chatham County, Georgia","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G.J., and Clarke, J.S., 2016, Hydrogeology and water quality of the Floridan aquifer system and effect of Lower Floridan aquifer withdrawals on the Upper Floridan aquifer at Barbour Pointe Community, Chatham County, Georgia, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5028, 56 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165028.","productDescription":"viii, 56 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045188","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5028/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321738,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5028/sir20165028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5028"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Chatham County","city":"Savannah","otherGeospatial":"Barbour Pointe Community","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.75,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -80.75,\n 31.75\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 31.75\n ],\n [\n -81.75,\n 32.25\n ],\n [\n -80.75,\n 32.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Georgia Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, Georgia 30093
The GIS Flood Tool (GFT) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey with support from the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance to provide a means for production of reconnaissance-level flood inundation mapping for data-sparse and resource-limited areas of the world. The GFT has also attracted interest as a tool for rapid assessment flood inundation mapping for the Flood Inundation Mapping Program of the U.S. Geological Survey. The GFT can fill an important gap for communities that lack flood inundation mapping by providing a first-estimate of inundation zones, pending availability of resources to complete an engineering study. The tool can also help identify priority areas for application of scarce flood inundation mapping resources. The technical basis of the GFT is an application of the Manning equation for steady flow in an open channel, operating on specially processed digital elevation data. The GFT is implemented as a software extension in ArcGIS. Output maps from the GFT were validated at 11 sites with inundation maps produced previously by the Flood Inundation Mapping Program using standard one-dimensional hydraulic modeling techniques. In 80 percent of the cases, the GFT inundation patterns matched 75 percent or more of the one-dimensional hydraulic model inundation patterns. Lower rates of pattern agreement were seen at sites with low relief and subtle surface water divides. Although the GFT is simple to use, it should be applied with the oversight or review of a qualified hydraulic engineer who understands the simplifying assumptions of the approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development, Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA)","usgsCitation":"Verdin, James; Verdin, Kristine; Mathis, Melissa; Magadzire, Tamuka; Kabuchanga, Eric; Woodbury, Mark; and Gadain, Hussein, 2016, A software tool for rapid flood inundation mapping: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1038, 26 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161038.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055868","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322105,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1038/ofr20161038.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1038"},{"id":322104,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1038/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198
Between 2007 and 2008, seven Earthscope Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) boreholes ranging in depth from about 200 to 800 feet deep were drilled in and adjacent to the Yellowstone caldera in Yellowstone National Park, for the purpose of installing volcano monitoring instrumentation. Five of the seven boreholes were equipped with strainmeters, downhole seismometers, and tiltmeters. Data collected during drilling included field observations of drill cuttings, stratigraphy within the boreholes, water temperature, and water and drill cuttings samples from selected depths.
\nSix of the seven boreholes encountered rhyolite lavas and tuffs. The rhyolite lavas compose the Canyon flow, the Gardner River flow, the Gibbon River flow, the Hayden Valley flow, the Nez Perce Creek flow, and the West Thumb flow. Boreholes also penetrated a vertical sequence through the Lava Creek Tuff and the Tuff of Bluff Point. In addition, one borehole drilled through a Swan Lake Flat Basalt sequence and terminated in a rhyolite lava flow.
\nAfter drilling the seven PBO boreholes, cuttings were examined and selected for preparation of grain mounts, thin sections, and geochemical analysis. Major ions and trace elements (including rare earth elements) of selected cuttings were determined by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); the ICP-MS provided more precise trace-element analysis than XRF. A preliminary interpretation of the results of geochemical analyses generally shows a correlation between borehole cuttings and previously mapped geology. The geochemical data and borehole stratigraphy presented in this report provide a foundation for future petrologic, geochemical, and geophysical studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161028","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, and Earthscope Plate Boundary Observatory","usgsCitation":"Jaworowski, C., Susong, D., Heasler, H., Mencin, D., Johnson, W., Conrey, R., and Von Stauffenberg, J., 2016,\nGeologic and geochemical results from boreholes drilled in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, 2007 and 2008:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1028, 39 p. https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161028","productDescription":"Report: viii, 39 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-064084","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/ofr20161028.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1028"},{"id":321192,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/ofr20161028_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"74 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1028 Appendix 1"},{"id":321193,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/ofr20161028_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"35 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1028 Appendix 2"},{"id":321190,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1028/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 44.93758500391091\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 44.93758500391091\n ],\n [\n -110.0830078125,\n 44.402391829093915\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 44.402391829093915\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Utah Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2329 Orton Circle
Salt Lake City, Utah 84119-2047
http://ut.water.usgs.gov
The U.S. Department of Interior’s Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region (Reclamation) is preparing an environmental impact statement (EIS) for the Navajo Generating Station-Kayenta Mine Complex Project (NGS-KMC Project). The proposed project involves various Federal approvals that would facilitate continued operation of the Navajo Generating Station (NGS) from December 23, 2019 through 2044, and continued operation of the Kayenta Mine and support facilities (collectively called the Kayenta Mine Complex, or KMC) to supply coal to the NGS for this operational period. The EIS will consider several project alternatives that are likely to produce different effects on the Navajo (N) aquifer; the N aquifer is the principal water resource in the Black Mesa area used by the Navajo Nation, Hopi Tribe, and Peabody Western Coal Company (PWCC).
The N aquifer is composed of three hydraulically connected formations—the Navajo Sandstone, the Kayenta Formation, and the Lukachukai Member of the Wingate Sandstone—that function as a single aquifer. The N aquifer is confined under most of Black Mesa, and the overlying stratigraphy limits recharge to this part of the aquifer. The N aquifer is unconfined in areas surrounding Black Mesa, and most recharge occurs where the Navajo Sandstone is exposed in the area near Shonto, Arizona. Overlying the N aquifer is the D aquifer, which includes the Dakota Sandstone, Morrison Formation, Entrada Sandstone, and Carmel Formation. The aquifer is named for the Dakota Sandstone, which is the primary water-bearing unit.
The NGS is located near Page, Arizona on the Navajo Nation. The KMC, which delivers coal to NGS by way of a dedicated electric railroad, is located approximately 83 miles southeast of NGS (about 125 miles northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona). The Kayenta Mine permit area is located on about 44,073 acres of land leased within the boundaries of the Hopi and Navajo Indian Reservations. KMC has been conducting mining and reclamation operations within the Kayenta Mine permit boundary since 1973.
The KMC part of the proposed project requires approval by the Office of Surface Mining (OSM) of a significant revision of the mine’s permit to operate in accordance with the Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act (Public Law 95-87, 91 Stat. 445 [30 U.S.C. 1201 et seq.]). The revision will identify coal resource areas that may be used to continue extracting coal at the present rate of approximately 8.2 million tons per year. The Kayenta Mine Complex uses water pumped from the D and N aquifers beneath PWCC’s leasehold to support mining and reclamation activities. Prior to 2006, water from the PWCC well field also was used to transport coal by way of a coal-slurry pipeline to the now-closed Mohave Generating Station. Water usage at the leasehold was approximately 4,100 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) during the period the pipeline was in use, and declined to an average 1,255 acre-ft/yr from 2006 to 2011. The Probable Hydrologic Consequences (PHC) section of the mining and reclamation permit must be modified to project the consequences of extended water use by the mine for the duration of the KMC part of the project, including a post-mining reclamation period.
Since 1971, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has conducted the Black Mesa Monitoring Program, which consists of monitoring water levels and water quality in the N aquifer, compiling information on water use by PWCC and tribal communities, maintaining several stream-gaging stations, measuring discharge at selected springs, conducting special studies, and reporting findings. These data are useful in evaluating the effects on the N aquifer from PWCC and community pumping, and the effects of variable precipitation.
The EIS will assess the impacts of continued pumping on the N aquifer, including changes in storage, water quality, and effects on spring and baseflow discharge, by proposed mining through 2044, and during the reclamation process to 2057.
Several groundwater models exist for the area and Reclamation concluded it would conduct a peer review of the groundwater flow model that will be used to assess the direct, reasonably foreseeable indirect, and cumulative effects of future groundwater withdrawals on the D and N aquifers in the Black Mesa area. Reclamation made this determination because of the level of controversy around the effects of continued water use and the comments received from the 2014 draft EIS scoping meetings. Reclamation requested assistance from the USGS in evaluating existing groundwater flow models of the Black Mesa Basin that can be used to predict the effects of different project alternatives on the D and N aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161088","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-076168","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321807,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1088/ofr20161088.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1088"},{"id":321806,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1088/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 35.545635932499415\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -109.6490478515625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -109.6490478515625,\n 35.545635932499415\n ],\n [\n -111.4453125,\n 35.545635932499415\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Arizona Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
520 N. Park Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85719
http://az.water.usgs.gov/
On average, the Nisqually River delivers about 100,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of suspended sediment to Puget Sound, western Washington, a small proportion of the estimated 1,200,000 metric tons (t) of sediment reported to flow in the upper Nisqually River that drains the glaciated, recurrently active Mount Rainier stratovolcano. Most of the upper Nisqually River sediment load is trapped in Alder Lake, a reservoir completed in 1945. For water year 2011 (October 1, 2010‒September 30, 2011), daily sediment and continuous turbidity data were used to determine that 106,000 t of suspended sediment were delivered to Puget Sound, and 36 percent of this load occurred in 2 days during a typical winter storm. Of the total suspended-sediment load delivered to Puget Sound in the water year 2011, 47 percent was sand (particle size >0.063 millimeters), and the remainder (53 percent) was silt and clay. A sediment-transport curve developed from suspended-sediment samples collected from July 2010 to November 2011 agreed closely with a curve derived in 1973 using similar data-collection methods, indicating that similar sediment-transport conditions exist. The median annual suspended-sediment load of 73,000 t (water years 1980–2014) is substantially less than the average load, and the correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.80, p = 8.1E-9, n=35) between annual maximum 2-day sediment loads and normalized peak discharges for the period indicates the importance of wet years and associated peak discharges of the lower Nisqually River for sediment delivery to Puget Sound. The magnitude of peak discharges in the lower Nisqually River generally is suppressed by flow regulation, and relative to other free-flowing, glacier-influenced rivers entering Puget Sound, the Nisqually River delivers proportionally less sediment because of upstream sediment trapping from dams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nisqually Indian Tribe","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., Grossman, E.E., Magirl, C.S., and Foreman, J.R., 2016, Suspended sediment delivery to Puget Sound from the lower Nisqually River, western Washington, July 2010–November 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5062, 17 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165062.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendixes A-D","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059554","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321772,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_d.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"28 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix D"},{"id":321769,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_a.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"97 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix A"},{"id":321770,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_b.xlsx","text":"Appendix B","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix B"},{"id":321771,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062_appendix_c.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"23 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062 Appendix C"},{"id":321702,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/sir20165062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5062"},{"id":321701,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5062/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Nisqually River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.9,\n 46.62\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 47.166666\n ],\n [\n -121.6,\n 47.166666\n ],\n [\n -121.6,\n 46.62\n ],\n [\n -122.9,\n 46.62\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
934 Broadway, Suite 300
Tacoma, Washington 98402
http://wa.water.usgs.gov
In 2014, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, the Cape Cod Commission, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust, began an evaluation of the potential effects of sea-level rise on water table altitudes and depths to water on central and western Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Increases in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures arising, in part, from the release of greenhouse gases likely will result in higher sea levels globally. Increasing water table altitudes in shallow, unconfined coastal aquifer systems could adversely affect infrastructure—roads, utilities, basements, and septic systems—particularly in low-lying urbanized areas. The Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses on Cape Cod are the largest and most populous of the six flow lenses that comprise the region’s aquifer system, the Cape Cod glacial aquifer. The potential effects of sea-level rise on water table altitude and depths to water were evaluated by use of numerical models of the region. The Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses have a number of large surface water drainages that receive a substantial amount of groundwater discharge, 47 and 29 percent of the total, respectively. The median increase in the simulated water table altitude following a 6-foot sea-level rise across both flow lenses was 2.11 feet, or 35 percent when expressed as a percentage of the total sea-level rise. The response is nearly the same as the sea-level rise (6 feet) in some coastal areas and less than 0.1 foot near some large inland streams. Median water table responses differ substantially between the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses—at 29 and 49 percent, respectively—because larger surface water discharge on the Sagamore flow lens results in increased dampening of the water table response than in the Monomoy flow lens. Surface waters dampen water table altitude increases because streams are fixed-altitude boundaries that cause hydraulic gradients and streamflow to increase as sea-level rises, partially fixing the local water table altitude.
The region has a generally thick vadose zone with a mean of about 38 feet; areas with depths to water of 5 feet or less, as estimated from light detection and ranging (lidar) data from 2011 and simulated water table altitudes, currently [2011] occur over about 24.9 square miles, or about 8.4 percent of the total land area of the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses, generally in low-lying coastal areas and inland near ponds and streams. Excluding potentially submerged areas, an additional 4.5, 9.8, and 15.9 square miles would have shallow depths to water (5 feet or less) for projected sea-level rises of 2, 4, and 6 feet above levels in 2011. The additional areas with shallow depths to water generally occur in the same areas as the areas with current [2011] depths to water of 5 feet or less: low-lying coastal areas and near inland surface water features. Additional areas with shallow depths to water for the largest sea-level rise prediction (6 feet) account for about 5.7 percent of the total land area, excluding areas likely to be inundated by seawater. The numerous surface water drainages will dampen the response of the water table to sea-level rise. This dampening, combined with the region’s thick vadose zone, likely will mitigate the potential for groundwater inundation in most areas. The potential does exist for groundwater inundation in some areas, but the effects of sea-level rise on depths to water and infrastructure likely will not be substantial on a regional level.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165058","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Association to Preserve Cape Cod, the Cape Cod Commission, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Walter, D.A., McCobb, T.D., Masterson, J.P., and Fienen, M.N., 2016, Potential effects of sea-level rise on the depth to saturated sediments of the Sagamore and Monomoy flow lenses on Cape Cod, Massachusetts (ver. 1.1, October 18, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5058, 55 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165058.","productDescription":"vi, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-071028","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321216,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/sir20165058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-5058"},{"id":321215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":329663,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5058/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 41.509605687197975\n ],\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 42.10943017110108\n ],\n [\n -69.90463256835938,\n 42.10943017110108\n ],\n [\n -69.90463256835938,\n 41.509605687197975\n ],\n [\n -70.69427490234375,\n 41.509605687197975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted May 25, 2016; Version 1.1: October 25,2016","contact":"Director, New England Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
10 Bearfoot Road
Northborough, MA 01532
Or visit our Web site at
http://newengland.water.usgs.gov/
Efforts to improve fish passage have resulted in the replacement of six culverts in Crystal Springs Creek in Portland, Oregon. Two more culverts are scheduled to be replaced at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard (Glenwood/Bybee project) in 2016. Recently acquired data have allowed for a more comprehensive understanding of the hydrology of the creek and the topography of the watershed. To evaluate the impact of the culvert replacements and recent hydrologic data, a Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System hydraulic model was developed to estimate water-surface elevations during high-flow events. Longitudinal surface-water profiles were modeled to evaluate current conditions and future conditions using the design plans for the culverts to be installed in 2016. Additional profiles were created to compare with the results from the most recent flood model approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for Crystal Springs Creek and to evaluate model sensitivity.
Model simulation results show that water-surface elevations during high-flow events will be lower than estimates from previous models, primarily due to lower estimates of streamflow associated with the 0.01 and 0.002 annual exceedance probability (AEP) events. Additionally, recent culvert replacements have resulted in less ponding behind crossings. Similarly, model simulation results show that the proposed replacement culverts at Glenwood Street and Bybee Boulevard will result in lower water-surface elevations during high-flow events upstream of the proposed project. Wider culverts will allow more water to pass through crossings, resulting in slightly higher water-surface elevations downstream of the project during high-flows than water-surface elevations that would occur under current conditions. For the 0.01 AEP event, the water-surface elevations downstream of the Glenwood/Bybee project will be an average of 0.05 ft and a maximum of 0.07 ft higher than current conditions. Similarly, for the 0.002 AEP event, the water-surface elevations will be an average of 0.04 ft and a maximum of 0.19 ft higher than current conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Portland Bureau of Environmental Services","usgsCitation":"Stonewall, Adam, and Hess, Glen, 2016, Evaluation of flood inundation in Crystal Springs Creek, Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1079, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161079.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 33 p.; Plate: 24.00 x 36.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052885","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/ofr20161079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1079 Report PDF"},{"id":321612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/ofr20161079_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"9.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1079 Plate 1 PDF"},{"id":321610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1079/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Portland","otherGeospatial":"Crystal Springs Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.45\n ],\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.65,\n 45.5\n ],\n [\n -122.65,\n 45.45\n ],\n [\n -122.62,\n 45.45\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
Late Holocene volcanism at Medicine Lake volcano in the southern Cascades arc exhibited widespread and compositionally diverse magmatism ranging from basalt to rhyolite. Nine well-characterized eruptions have taken place at this very large rear-arc volcano since 5,200 years ago, an eruptive frequency greater than nearly all other Cascade volcanoes. The lavas are widely distributed, scattered over an area of ~300 km2 across the >2,000-km2 volcano. The eruptions are radiocarbon dated and the ages are also constrained by paleomagnetic data that provide strong evidence that the volcanic activity occurred in three distinct episodes at ~1 ka, ~3 ka, and ~5 ka. The ~1-ka final episode produced a variety of compositions including west- and north-flank mafic flows interspersed in time with fissure rhyolites erupted tangential to the volcano’s central caldera, including the youngest and most spectacular lava flow at the volcano, the ~950-yr-old compositionally zoned Glass Mountain flow. At ~3 ka, a north-flank basalt eruption was followed by an andesite eruption 27 km farther south that contains quenched basalt inclusions. The ~5-ka episode produced two caldera-focused dacitic eruptions. Quenched magmatic inclusions record evidence of intrusions that did not independently reach the surface. The inclusions are present in five andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic host lavas, and were erupted in each of the three episodes. Compositional and mineralogic evidence from mafic lavas and inclusions indicate that both tholeiitic (dry) and calcalkaline (wet) parental magmas were present. Petrologic evidence records the operation of complex, multi-stage processes including fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, and magma mixing. Experimental evidence suggests that magmas were stored at 3 to 6 km depth prior to eruption, and that both wet and dry parental magmas were involved in generating the more silicic magmas. The broad distribution of eruptive events and the relative accessibility and good exposure of lavas, combined with physical and petrologic evidence for multiple and varied mafic inputs, has created an unusual opportunity to understand the workings of this large magmatic system. A combined total of more than 25 intrusive and extrusive events are indicated for late Holocene time. Plutonic inclusions, some with ages as young as Holocene, were also brought to the surface in five of the eruptions. All eruptions took place along northwest- to northeast-trending alignments of vents, reflecting the overall east-west extensional tectonic environment. The interaction of tectonism and volcanism is a dominant influence at this subduction-related volcano, located where the west edge of the extensional Basin and Range Province impinges on the Cascades arc. Ongoing subsidence focused at the central caldera has been documented along with geophysical evidence for a small magma body. This evidence, combined with the frequency of eruptive and intrusive activity in late Holocene time, an active geothermal system, and intermittent long-period seismic events indicate that the volcano is likely to erupt again.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1822","usgsCitation":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., Champion, D.E., and Grove, T.L., 2016, Late Holocene volcanism at Medicine Lake volcano, northern California Cascades: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1822, 59 p.,\nhttps://dx.doi.org/10.3133/pp1822.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 59 p.; Tables 1-3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055982","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321256,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321257,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP1822"},{"id":321258,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822_table1.xls","text":"Table 1","size":"411 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP1822 Table 1"},{"id":321259,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822_table2.xls","text":"Table 2","size":"63 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"PP1822 Table 2"},{"id":321260,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1822/pp1822_table3.pdf","text":"Table 3","size":"132 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP1822 Table 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine Lake Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 41.71700538790365\n ],\n [\n -121.3385009765625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ],\n [\n -121.74224853515625,\n 41.35413387210046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact Information
Volcano Science Center - Menlo Park
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 910
Menlo Park, CA 94025
http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/
The original National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) was extensively modified to increase the spatial sampling density and to improve performance in water ranging from 3 to 44 meters (m). The new (EAARL-B) sensor features a higher spatial density that was achieved by optically splitting each laser pulse into three pulses spatially separated by 1.6 m along the flight track and 2.0 m across the flight track, on the water surface when flown at a nominal altitude of 300 m (984 feet). The sample spacing can be optionally increased to 1.0 m across the flight track. Improved depth capability was achieved by increasing the total peak laser power by a factor of 10 and by designing a new “deep-water” receiver, which is optimized to exclusively receive refracted and scattered light from deeper water (15–44 m).
\nTwo different clear-water flight missions were conducted over the U.S. Navy's South Florida Testing Facility (SFTF) to determine the EAARL-B calibration coefficients. The SFTF is an established lidar calibration range located in the coastal waters southeast of Fort Lauderdale, Florida. We used 23 selected polygons at 23 distinct depths to compare a reference dataset from this site to determine EAARL-B calibration constants over the depth range of 6.5 to 34 m.
\nWe also conducted a near-simultaneous single-beam jet-ski-based sonar survey of selected transects ranging from 1 to 33 m depth in the same area. The near-concurrent jet ski data were used to evaluate the EAARL-B performance over the depth range from 0.9 to 10 m. The more timely jet ski data were necessary because the primary reference dataset was 9 years old, and areas shallower than 6.5 m are dominated by shifting sand. We determined the jet ski data were not useful as a calibration reference in water deeper than 10 m due to large uncertainty in the vertical measurement introduced by the lack of any sensor orientation data, that is, for pitch, roll, and heading to correct the measured slant range to a vertical measurement.
\nThe resulting calibrated EAARL-B data were then analyzed and compared with the original reference dataset, the jet-ski-based dataset from the same Fort Lauderdale site, as well as the depth-accuracy requirements of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). We do not claim to meet all of the IHO requirements and standards. The IHO minimum depth-accuracy requirements were used as a reference only and we do not address the other IHO requirements such as “ Full Seafloor Search”. Our results show good agreement between the calibrated EAARL-B data and all reference datasets, with results that are within the 95 percent depth accuracy of the IHO Order 1 (a and b) depth-accuracy requirements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161048","usgsCitation":"Wright, C.W., Kranenburg, C.J., Troche, R.J., Mitchell, R.W., and, Nagle, D.B., 2016, Depth calibration of the experimental advanced airborne research lidar, EAARL-B: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1048, 23 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161048.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 22 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061552","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1048/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":320951,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F79S1P4S","text":"Data Release"},{"id":320938,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1048/ofr20161048.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.98 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1048"}],"contact":"Director, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center
600 4th Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
(727) 502-8000
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/
The U.S. Geological Survey studied water-quality trends at the mouth of McIntyre Creek, an entry point to the J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge, to investigate correlations between flow rates and volumes through the W.P. Franklin Lock and Dam and water-quality constituents inside the refuge from March 2010 to December 2013. Outflow from Lake Okeechobee, and flows from Franklin Lock, tributaries to the Caloosahatchee River Estuary, and the Cape Coral canal system were examined to determine the sources and quantity of water to the study area. Salinity, temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, pH, turbidity, and chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence (FDOM) were measured during moving-boat surveys and at a fixed location in McIntyre Creek. Chlorophyll fluorescence was also recorded in McIntyre Creek. Water-quality surveys were completed on 20 dates between 2011 and 2014 using moving-boat surveys.
Franklin Lock contributed the majority of flow to the Caloosahatchee River. Between 2010 and 2013, the monthly mean flow rate at Franklin Lock ranged from 29 cubic feet per second in May 2011 to 10,650 cubic feet per second in August 2013. Instantaneous near-surface salinity in McIntyre Creek ranged from 12.9 parts per thousand on September 26, 2013, to 37.9 parts per thousand on June 27, 2011. Salinity in McIntyre Creek decreased with increasing flow rate through Franklin Lock. Flow rates through Franklin Lock explained 61 percent of the variation in salinity in McIntyre Creek. Salinity data from moving-boat surveys also indicate that an increase in flow rate at Franklin Lock decreases salinity in the Caloosahatchee River Estuary, and a reduction or elimination in flow increases salinity. The FDOM in McIntyre Creek was positively correlated with flow at Franklin Lock, and 54 percent of the variation in FDOM can be attributed to the flow rate through Franklin Lock. Data from moving-boat surveys indicate that FDOM increases when flow volume from Franklin Lock increases. The highest FDOM recorded during a survey was at Billy’s Creek. Chlorophyll fluorescence was positively correlated with flow at Franklin Lock, with 23 percent of the variation explained by the flow rate at Franklin Lock. An increase in flow rate at Franklin Lock resulted in a decrease in pH (21 percent of variation explained by flow rates). Data from the pH surveys indicate an increase in pH with distance from Franklin Lock. Turbidity and dissolved oxygen near the surface in McIntyre Creek were not correlated with flow rate at Franklin Lock. Moving-boat surveys did not document a change in turbidity or dissolved oxygen with a change in distance from the Franklin Lock. Correlations between Franklin Lock flow rate and water quality in McIntyre Creek indicate that releases at Franklin Lock affect water quality in the Caloosahatchee River Estuary and Ding Darling Refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165033","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science Initiative and in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Booth, A.C., Soderqvist, L.E., and Knight, T.M., 2016, Effects of variations in flow characteristics through W.P. Franklin Lock and Dam on downstream water quality in the Caloosahatchee River Estuary and in McIntyre Creek in the J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge, southern Florida, 2010–13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5033, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165033.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 33 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063026","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321251,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5033/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321252,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5033/sir20165033.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5033"},{"id":321253,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F70863BC","text":"Data Release","description":"Data Release"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Caloosahatchee River Estuary, J.N. “Ding” Darling National Wildlife Refuge, McIntyre Creek,","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.1942138671875,\n 26.40417061185344\n ],\n [\n -82.1942138671875,\n 26.831423660953195\n ],\n [\n -81.24938964843749,\n 26.831423660953195\n ],\n [\n -81.24938964843749,\n 26.40417061185344\n ],\n [\n -82.1942138671875,\n 26.40417061185344\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108
Lutz, FL 33559
Industrial practices at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, in Fridley, Minnesota, caused soil and groundwater contamination. Some volatile organic compounds from the plant might have discharged to the Mississippi River, forced by the natural hydraulic gradient in the surficial aquifer system. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency included the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant on the Superfund National Priorities List in 1989.
\nThis report describes a preliminary characterization of trichloroethene transport in the surficial and Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer systems at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant. The characterization first involved simulation of 2001 conditions using a model, followed by an application of this 2001 simulator to 2011 conditions.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy, used a steady-state, uniform-density groundwater flow model to simulate measured potentiometric heads in aquifer systems on August 20, 2001, and a single-phase, conservative, non-reactive, miscible transport model to simulate trichloroethene concentrations in aquifer systems measured in 2001. The U.S. Department of the Navy furnished trichloroethene source areas and trichloroethene source area concentrations to the U.S. Geological Survey for this model simulation. Furnished delineations were postulated and informed by data collected from 1995 to 2011. The groundwater flow simulation of August 20, 2001, was superior to the trichloroethene transport simulation at replicating measurements; simulated potentiometric heads matched 90 percent of measured potentiometric heads on August 20, within 2 feet at selected locations whereas simulated trichloroethene concentration contours of 3, 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000 micrograms per liter (µg/L) correctly bounded 52 percent of measured concentrations in 2001 at selected locations. The degree to which the simulated trichloroethene plume does not match trichloroethene measurements in the surficial aquifer system during the 2001 simulation may suggest that furnished trichloroethene source areas and trichloroethene source area concentrations did not accurately represent all trichloroethene sources in the hydrogeologic system.
\nDuring the model simulation of 2001, trichloroethene discharged to the Mississippi River. A simulated 900-foot-long zone of benthic trichloroethene discharge flux existed in the shallow flow zone, across which simulated trichloroethene discharged from the surficial aquifer system to the Mississippi River at simulated trichloroethene concentrations that ranged from 3 µg/L to more than 100 µg/L. The Mississippi River was not sampled for volatile organic compounds in Fridley, Minn., from 1999 to 2016 (the publication of this report). Trichloroethene concentrations were measured in wells close to the Mississippi River in the surficial aquifer system on the downgradient side of the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant groundwater flow field; for example, at well MS–43 in the shallow flow zone of the surficial aquifer system 280 feet east of the Mississippi River between December 1999 and August 2012, trichloroethene concentrations ranged from 130 to 220 µg/L. The 220-µg/L maximum concentration was reached in March 2003 and October 2006. The August 2012 concentration was 140 µg/L.
\nThe August 20, 2001, groundwater flow model simulator and the 2001 trichloroethene transport simulator were applied to a groundwater extraction and treatment system that existed in 2011. Furnished trichloroethene source areas and concentrations in the 2001 simulator were replaced with different, furnished, hypothetical source areas and concentrations. Forcing in 2001 was replaced with forcing in 2011. No trichloroethene concentrations greater than 3 µg/L were simulated as discharging to the Mississippi River during applications of the 2001 simulator to the 2011 groundwater extraction and treatment system. These applications were not intended to represent historical conditions. Differences between furnished and actual trichloroethene sources may explain differences between measurements and simulation results for the 2001 trichloroethene transport simulator. Causes of differences between furnished and actual trichloroethene sources may cause differences between hypothetical application results and the performance of the actual U.S. Department of the Navy groundwater extraction and treatment system at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant. Other limitations may also cause differences between application results and performance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command","usgsCitation":"King, J.N., and Davis, J.H., 2016, Preliminary investigation of groundwater flow and trichloroethene transport in the surficial aquifer system, Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant, Fridley, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2016–1066, 120 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161066.","productDescription":"Report: x, 120 p.; Metadata","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-039553","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321042,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F798853M","text":"Data Release","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2016-1066"},{"id":321040,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":321041,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1066/ofr20161066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12,1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1066"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Fridley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.38172912597656,\n 45.09582203415993\n ],\n [\n -93.34877014160155,\n 45.03228854011639\n ],\n [\n -93.27735900878906,\n 45.02986219868277\n ],\n [\n -92.96905517578125,\n 45.180584858570136\n ],\n [\n -93.043212890625,\n 45.25652199219273\n ],\n [\n -93.38172912597656,\n 45.09582203415993\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Minnesota Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2280 Woodale Drive
Mounds View, MN 55112
(763) 783-3100
http://mn.water.usgs.gov/