Nonearthquake seismic events from sources such as landslides, debris flows, dam collapses, floods, glaciers, and avalanches are rarely included in traditional earthquake catalogs. The new Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center Exotic Seismic Events Catalog data product provides information on such events to help accelerate research in the area of environmental seismology. This catalog initially offers information on 113 events in four general categories consisting of flows, lahars, debris flows and outburst floods (17 events); rock or debris falls (23 events); rock, ice, or debris avalanches and slides (68 events); and snow avalanches (5 events). This database will be expanded as information regarding new recent and historical events becomes available. This catalog is now available to the research community at IRIS (see Data and Resources).
Designing effective long-term monitoring strategies is essential for managing wildlife populations. Implementing a cost-effective, practical monitoring program is especially challenging for widespread but locally rare species. Early successional habitat preferred by the New England cottontail (NEC) has become increasingly rare and fragmented, resulting in substantial declines from their peak distribution in the mid-1900s. The introduction of a possible competitor species, the eastern cottontail (EC), may also have played a role. Uncertainty surrounding how these factors have contributed to NEC declines has complicated management and necessitated development of an appropriate monitoring framework to understand possible drivers of distribution and dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO","doi":"10.1071/WR18058","usgsCitation":"Shea, C.P., Eaton, M.J., and MacKenzie, D.I., 2019, Implementation of an occupancy-based monitoring protocol for a wide-spread and cryptic species, the New England cottontail Sylvilagus transitionalis: Wildlife Research, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR18058.","ipdsId":"IP-088955","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467712,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wr18058","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363418,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shea, Colin P.","contributorId":140147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, Mitchell J. 0000-0001-7324-6333","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7324-6333","contributorId":213526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"Mitchell","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacKenzie, Darryl I.","contributorId":194669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202948,"text":"70202948 - 2019 - The contribution of road-based citizen science to the conservation of pond-breeding amphibians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-08T15:24:14","indexId":"70202948","displayToPublicDate":"2019-04-01T12:15:19","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The contribution of road-based citizen science to the conservation of pond-breeding amphibians","docAbstract":"Roadside amphibian citizen science (CS) programmes bring together volunteers focused on collecting scientific data while working to mitigate population declines by reducing road mortality of pond‐breeding amphibians. Despite the international popularity of these movement‐based, roadside conservation efforts (i.e. “big nights,” “bucket brigades” and “toad patrols”), direct benefits to conservation have rarely been quantified or evaluated.
As a case study, we used a population simulation approach to evaluate how volunteer intensity, frequency and distribution influence three conservation outcomes (minimum population size, population growth rate and years to extinction) of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum), often a focal pond‐breeding amphibian of CS and conservation programmes in the United States.
Sensitivity analysis supported the expectation that spotted salamander populations were primarily recruitment‐driven. Thus, conservation outcomes were highest when volunteers focused on metamorph outmigration as opposed to adult in‐migration—contrary to the typical timing of such volunteer events.
Almost every volunteer strategy resulted in increased conservation outcomes compared to a no‐volunteer strategy. Specifically, volunteer frequency during metamorph migration increased outcomes more than the same increases in volunteer effort during adult migration. Small population sizes resulted in a negligible effect of volunteer intensity. Volunteers during the first adult in‐migration had a relatively small effect compared to most other strategies.
Synthesis and applications. Although citizen science (CS)‐focused conservation actions could directly benefit declining populations, additional conservation measures are needed to halt or reverse local amphibian declines. This study demonstrates a need to evaluate the effectiveness of focusing CS mitigation efforts on the metamorph stage, as opposed to the adult stage. This may be challenging, compared to other management actions such as road‐crossing infrastructure. Current amphibian CS programmes will be challenged to balance implementing evidence‐based conservation measures on the most limiting life stage, while retaining social and community benefits for volunteers.
Ecological studies have been conducted on the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) since the 1960s. Desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) were considered rare visitors on the NNSS, with only 9 recorded observations between 1963 and 2009, all of which were males. Females and young were not documented definitively until winter 2011, when several were killed by a radiomarked female mountain lion (Puma concolor). Following these observations, we initiated a study of desert bighorn sheep on the NNSS to better understand their movements/interactions with other populations, prevalence of disease, population size, origin, radionuclide burdens and potential radiological dose to humans that may consume harvested animals away from the NNSS. We captured and radiomarked 6 sheep (2 females, 4 males) in November 2015, and 15 (7 females, 8 males) in November 2016. We sampled blood for genetic and disease testing and collected nasal swabs for respiratory disease testing. Sheep from the NNSS spent most of their time around Shoshone Mountain, Fortymile Canyon, and Yucca Mountain but also moved to Bare Mountain, Thirsty Canyon, and Black Mountain. Females greatly expanded their core and overall home ranges during spring, whereas males expanded their home ranges during summer. Of 18 sheep sampled for disease, 12 showed an immune response to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, and 5 had the bacteria present. Genetic testing revealed that the ancestry of NNSS sheep is from the Bare Mountain (1991-1995, within 24 km of our study area), Specter Range (1990-1995, within 32 km of our study area), and Stonewall Mountain (1975-1983, within 72 km of our study area) reintroduced populations. Radionuclide burden in NNSS sheep was minimal with no significant difference from sheep captured on the Nevada Test and Training Range and northern Nevada. One marked adult male was legally harvested off the NNSS north of Bare Mountain. This recently colonized reproducing population of sheep on the NNSS warrants further monitoring, protection, and inclusion in resource management plans.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Desert Bighorn Council transactions 2019: A compilation of papers presented at the 55th meeting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"55th Meeting","conferenceDate":"April 17-19, 2019","conferenceLocation":"Mesquite, Nevada, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Desert Bighorn Council","usgsCitation":"Hall, D., Longshore, K., Lowrey, C., Wehausen, J.D., WIlson-Henjum, G., and Cummings, P., 2019, Repatriated desert bighorn sheep population on the Nevada National Security Site, in Desert Bighorn Council transactions 2019: A compilation of papers presented at the 55th meeting, v. 55, Mesquite, Nevada, United States, April 17-19, 2019, p. 32-53.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-120326","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":412679,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":412667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.desertbighorncouncil.com/transactions/download-past-dbc-transactions/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada National Security Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.9584341778068,\n 37.512200103774404\n ],\n [\n -116.9584341778068,\n 36.68193488883483\n ],\n [\n -115.51098544733807,\n 36.68193488883483\n ],\n [\n -115.51098544733807,\n 37.512200103774404\n ],\n [\n -116.9584341778068,\n 37.512200103774404\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Derek","contributorId":302024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Derek","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":65398,"text":"Mission Support and Test Services, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longshore, Kathleen 0000-0001-6621-1271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6621-1271","contributorId":216374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longshore","given":"Kathleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowrey, Chris 0000-0001-5084-7275","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-7275","contributorId":216375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrey","given":"Chris","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":863321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wehausen, John D.","contributorId":198149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wehausen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"WIlson-Henjum, Grete","contributorId":302025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"WIlson-Henjum","given":"Grete","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cummings, Patrick","contributorId":174650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cummings","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27489,"text":"Nevada Department of Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":863324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70251808,"text":"70251808 - 2019 - Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-29T14:30:00.503943","indexId":"70251808","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-29T08:15:51","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":14252,"text":"Earth Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA","docAbstract":"The Great Basin of the western United States, the northern component of the Basin and Range Province, is a region of Cenozoic lithospheric extension with multiple periods and types of igneous activity. The composition and volume of Cenozoic magmas reflect a complex interaction between mantle-derived magmas and highly diverse crust, where both mantle sources and magmatic processes were modulated by tectonic environment. The Fish Creek Mountains in north-central Nevada underwent multiple igneous events ranging from ca. 40 Ma to 1 Ma that span all of the complex Cenozoic tectono-magmatic episodes of the Great Basin. The Fish Creek Mountains, therefore, is an ideal location to evaluate the different sources and processes involved in magma generation. Many plutons were emplaced in the region between about 40 and 38 Ma, several of which host base and precious metal deposits. Between 36 and 33 Ma, lava fields and calderas of the 37–19 Ma Ignimbrite Flare-up were emplaced. Both these and the preceding plutons resulted from southwestward rollback of the Farallon plate beneath North America during by far the most voluminous phase of Cenozoic magmatism. The lavas range from rare basalt and basaltic andesite to andesite, dacite, and rhyolite, have continental arc-like incompatible element patterns, and high initial 87Sr/86Sr and low εNd that require a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source combined with minor crustal component. Ignimbrites of the 34.4 Ma Cove Mine (trachydacite to rhyolite) and 34.0 Ma Caetano calderas (rhyolite to high-silica rhyolite) are abundantly porphyritic, include hydrous phases, were largely derived from partial melts of crustal rocks, but likely include 20–30% of a mantle-derived component.
Igneous activity ceased in the region as the rollback-arc migrated to the southwest, but at 24.9 Ma a new caldera formed in the southern Fish Creek Mountains that was filled by ignimbrites of the Fish Creek Mountains Tuff. Intracaldera rhyolite ignimbrites range from aphyric, pumice-rich deposits at the base to progressively more quartz-feldspar phyric ignimbrites at higher levels; all flow units lack hydrous phases. No contemporaneous mafic or intermediate igneous activity accompanied caldera formation, but initial 87Sr/86Sr values in the Fish Creek Mountains tuffs are lower than in the Caetano Tuff, suggesting a greater mantle contribution to the 24.9 Ma ignimbrites.
After another hiatus in igneous activity, the region was intruded and overlain by basalt to rhyolite dykes and lavas of the northern Nevada rift between 16.8 and 15.1 Ma. The primarily tholeiitic igneous suite is of the same age, chemistry, and isotopic composition as the Grande Ronde Formation of the Columbia River flood basalts, and evolved members (trachydacite and rhyolite) are crustally contaminated. The youngest northern Nevada rift lava is an alkali olivine basalt with isotopic affinity to basalts of the eastern Snake River Plain.
After 10 Ma of quiescence, the region was locally covered by mafic lava flows with high-alumina olivine tholeiite compositions, represented by the 5.4 Ma Pumpernickel Valley flows. Their mid-ocean ridge-like incompatible element compositions indicate a depleted mantle source for the lavas, but radiogenic isotopic compositions indicate that the lavas of this region include a significant contribution from a mafic to ultramafic, high-87Sr/86Sr source.
The final igneous event in the Fish Creek Mountains region, the 4.0 to 1.0 Ma Buffalo Valley volcanic field, includes flows and spatter cones of transitional to alkalic basalt that are divided into two geochemical groups with identical isotopic compositions. They represent variable, low percent partial melts of the asthenosphere at different depths, yielding different rare earth element characteristics. Similar to the Lunar Crater volcanic field, the Buffalo Valley rocks represent a rare case where the lithosphere in the central Great Basin is now thin enough to allow melting of the underlying asthenosphere.
Cenozoic magmatism in the northern Great Basin exhibits several transitions in magma sources and tectonic setting with time. Magmatism began as pre-extension, subduction-related, primarily lithospherically-derived magmas emplaced on/in tectonically-thickened crust. The onset of extension was partially driven by impingement of the Yellowstone plume that resulted in emplacement of rift-related volcanic and intrusive rocks in the northern Nevada rift, followed by the eruption of extension-related HAOT lavas along the northwest margin of the Great Basin. Finally, lithospheric thinning allowed for partial melting of the asthenosphere and eruption of alkaline basaltic lavas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013","usgsCitation":"Cousens, B.L., Henry, C., Stevens, C., Varve, S., John, D.A., and Wetmore, S., 2019, Igneous rocks in the Fish Creek Mountains and environs, Battle Mountain area, north-central Nevada: A microcosm of Cenozoic igneous activity in the northern Great Basin, Basin and Range Province, USA: Earth Science Reviews, v. 192, p. 403-444, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"444","ipdsId":"IP-106227","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.03.013","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":426126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Fish Creek Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.28016235329471\n ],\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.07291126292276\n ],\n [\n -117.18999422148758,\n 40.07291126292276\n ],\n [\n -117.18999422148758,\n 40.28016235329471\n ],\n [\n -117.47697929230347,\n 40.28016235329471\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"192","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cousens, Brian L. 0000-0002-9704-6974","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9704-6974","contributorId":242801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cousens","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":36556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Christopher","contributorId":334440,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Varve, Susan","contributorId":334441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Varve","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wetmore, Stacey","contributorId":334442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wetmore","given":"Stacey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17786,"text":"Carleton University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203221,"text":"70203221 - 2019 - Does perspective matter? A case study comparing Eulerian and Lagrangian estimates of common murre (Uria aalge) distributions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-29T13:49:02","indexId":"70203221","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-26T13:48:36","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does perspective matter? A case study comparing Eulerian and Lagrangian estimates of common murre (Uria aalge) distributions","docAbstract":"Studies estimating species' distributions require information about animal locations in space and time. Location data can be collected using surveys within a predetermined frame of reference (i.e., Eulerian sampling) or from animal‐borne tracking devices (i.e., Lagrangian sampling). Integration of observations obtained from Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives can provide insights into animal movement and habitat use. However, contemporaneous data from both perspectives are rarely available, making examination of biases associated with each sampling approach difficult. We compared distributions of a mobile seabird observed concurrently from ship, aerial, and satellite tag surveys during May, June, and July 2012 in the northern California Current. We calculated utilization distributions to quantify and compare variability in common murre (Uria aalge) space use and examine how sampling perspective and platform influence observed patterns. Spatial distributions of murres were similar in May, regardless of sampling perspective. Greatest densities occurred in coastal waters off southern Washington and northern Oregon, near large murre colonies and the mouth of the Columbia River. Density distributions of murres estimated from ship and aerial surveys in June and July were similar to those observed in May, whereas distributions of satellite‐tagged murres in June and July indicated northward movement into British Columbia, Canada, resulting in different patterns observed from Eulerian and Lagrangian perspectives. These results suggest that the population of murres observed in the northern California Current during spring and summer includes relatively stationary individuals attending breeding colonies and nonstationary, vagile adults and subadults. Given the expected growth of telemetry studies and advances in survey technology (e.g., unmanned aerial systems), these results highlight the importance of considering methodological approaches, spatial extent, and synopticity of distribution data sets prior to integrating data from different sampling perspectives.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/ece3.5083","usgsCitation":"Phillips, E.M., Horne, J., Zamon, J.E., Felis, J.J., and Adams, J., 2019, Does perspective matter? A case study comparing Eulerian and Lagrangian estimates of common murre (Uria aalge) distributions: Ecology and Evolution, v. 9, no. 8, p. 4805-4819, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5083.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4805","endPage":"4819","ipdsId":"IP-104177","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":363316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.31005859374999,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 48.56024979174329\n ],\n [\n -125.31005859374999,\n 48.56024979174329\n ],\n [\n -125.31005859374999,\n 45.96642454131025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":204681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horne, John K.","contributorId":204682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horne","given":"John K.","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zamon, Jeannette E.","contributorId":168453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zamon","given":"Jeannette","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":25294,"text":"NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":761755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Felis, Jonathan J. 0000-0002-0608-8950 jfelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-8950","contributorId":4825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Felis","given":"Jonathan","email":"jfelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Josh","contributorId":215165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203951,"text":"70203951 - 2019 - A strong colonizer rules the trematode guild in an intertidal snail host","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-24T17:12:37","indexId":"70203951","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T17:06:25","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A strong colonizer rules the trematode guild in an intertidal snail host","docAbstract":"We examined the extent to which supply‐side, niche, and competition theories and concepts help explain a trematode community in which one species comprises 87% of the trematode individuals, and the remaining 15 species each have <3%. We collected and dissected the common and wide‐ranging snail host Heleobia australis over four seasons from three distinct habitats from the intertidal area of the Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina. Inside a snail, trematodes interact with each other with outcomes that depend on facilitation, competition, and preemption, suggesting that dominant species should be common. The abundant trematode species, Microphallus simillimus, is a weak competitor,but has life‐history traits and strategies associated with higher colonization ability that could increase its probability of invading the host first, allowing it to preempt the rare species. Rather than segregate by habitat, trematode species aggregated in pans during the summer where dominant trematode species often excluded subordinate ones. Despite losses to competition, and a lack of niche partitioning, M. simillimus ruled this species‐rich trematode guild through strong recruitment and (potentially) preemption. Therefore, extremely skewed species abundance distributions, like this one, can derive from extremely skewed colonization abilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecy.2696","usgsCitation":"Alda, P., Bonel, N., Cazzaniga, N.J., Martorelli, S.R., and Lafferty, K.D., 2019, A strong colonizer rules the trematode guild in an intertidal snail host: Ecology, v. 100, no. 6, e02696; 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2696.","productDescription":"e02696; 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-077841","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-04891376","text":"External Repository"},{"id":364979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Bahia Blanca Estuary","volume":"100","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alda, Pilar","contributorId":216511,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alda","given":"Pilar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39463,"text":"Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Argentina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonel, Nicolas","contributorId":216512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonel","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39464,"text":"Universidad Nacional del Sur","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cazzaniga, Nestor J.","contributorId":216513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cazzaniga","given":"Nestor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39464,"text":"Universidad Nacional del Sur","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Martorelli, Sergio R.","contributorId":216514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martorelli","given":"Sergio","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39465,"text":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70215324,"text":"70215324 - 2019 - Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-16T15:11:31.57633","indexId":"70215324","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-25T10:09:21","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7577,"text":"Annual Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"title":"Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2018","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center has conducted lake-wide surveys of the fish community in Lake Michigan each fall since 1973 using standard 12 m bottom trawls towed along contour at depths of 9 to 110 m at each of seven index transects. The survey provides relative abundance and biomass estimates between the 5 m and 114 m depth contours of the lake for prey fish populations, as well as for burbot and yellow perch. The resulting data are used to estimate various population parameters that are in turn used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. All seven established index transects of the survey were completed in 2018, although depths 64 m and greater offshore of Frankfort could not be completed due to excessive dreissenid mussel biomass on our multiple tow attempts. Mean biomass of alewives in 2018 was estimated at 0.54 kg/ha, which was the highest value since 2013, but still only 6.7% of the long-term average (7.96 kg/ha). Age distribution of alewives remained truncated with no alewife age exceeding 5 years. Bloater biomass was 2.60 kg/ha in 2018, relatively unchanged from 2017, but still only 14% of the long-term average. Round goby biomass was 1.25 kg/ha in 2018, the 3rd largest estimate in the time series and 62% higher than the average since they were first sampled in 2003. Rainbow smelt biomass was 0.45 kg/ha, which was the highest since 2006 but only 21% of the long-term average. Likewise, deepwater sculpin biomass was 1.30 kg/ha in 2018, which was the highest since 2007 but only 20% of the long-term average. Slimy sculpin biomass was only 0.07 kg/ha in 2018, and similar to the very low levels estimated since 2012 and only 17% of the long-term average. Ninespine stickleback remained very rare in 2018 (0.004 kg/ha), and only 1% of the long-term average. Overall, the total prey fish biomass (sum of alewife, bloater, rainbow smelt, deepwater sculpin, slimy sculpin, round goby, and ninespine stickleback) in 2018 was 6.22 kg/ha, roughly 65% greater than in 2017 but still only 17% of the long-term average. With respect to other species of interest, burbot biomass was only 0.04 kg/ha in 2018 (18% of the long-term average) and no age-0 yellow perch were caught in 2018, indicating a weak year-class.","language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Bunnell, D.B., Madenjian, C.P., Desorcie, T.J., Dieter, P., and Adams, J.V., 2019, Status and trends of prey fish populations in Lake Michigan, 2018: Annual Report, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-106561","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/lake-michigan-committee.php"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Desorcie, Timothy J. 0000-0002-9965-1668 tdesorcie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-1668","contributorId":3672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desorcie","given":"Timothy","email":"tdesorcie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dieter, Patricia M. 0000-0003-1686-2679","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-2679","contributorId":217345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieter","given":"Patricia","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Adams, Jean V. 0000-0002-9101-068X jvadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9101-068X","contributorId":3140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Jean","email":"jvadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":801724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70203927,"text":"70203927 - 2019 - Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-21T11:29:27","indexId":"70203927","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T11:17:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"1. Wetlands are critical components of freshwater biodiversity and provide ecosystem services, but human activities have resulted in large-scale loss of these habitats across the globe. To offset this loss, mitigation wetlands are frequently constructed, but their ability to replicate the functions of natural wetlands remains uncertain. Further, monitoring of mitigation wetlands is limited and often focused exclusively on vegetation and physical characteristics.
2. Wetland fauna are assumed to be present if suitable habitat restoration is achieved, but this assumption is rarely tested. We used the macroinvertebrate community as a proxy for wetland function to compare created mitigation wetlands, natural wetlands impacted but not destroyed by road construction activity, and unimpacted reference wetlands along a highway corridor in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Unlike most other studies of invertebrate communities in created wetlands which have occurred in warm climates, our study area has a cold temperate climate with short growing seasons.
3. We estimated macroinvertebrate taxonomic richness and used linear models to test for effects of wetland design features (wetland age, isolation, depth, vegetation, size, and pH) on invertebrate richness. We also used non-metric multidimensional scaling to examine differences in community composition among wetland types and used indicator species analysis to determine which taxa were causing observed differences.
4. Taxonomic richness of macroinvertebrates was lower in created wetlands than impacted or reference wetlands, whereas richness was similar in impacted and reference wetlands. Wetland age was positively correlated with taxonomic richness. The amount of aquatic vegetation in wetlands had the greatest influence on taxonomic richness, so that recently created wetlands with little vegetation had the simplest invertebrate communities. Community composition of invertebrates in created wetlands also differed from community composition in reference and impacted wetlands. Most notably, created wetlands lacked some passive dispersers that were common in other wetland types, although we found no relationship between taxonomic richness and wetland isolation.
5. Overall, constructed wetlands had diminished and altered macroinvertebrate communities relative to reference and impacted wetlands, suggesting that longer times may be required for wetland mitigation projects in cold temperate climates to attain full functionality.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.13276","usgsCitation":"SWARTZ, L.K., Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Newell, R.L., and Lowe, W.H., 2019, Aquatic macroinvertebrate community responses to wetland mitigation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Freshwater Biology, v. 64, p. 942-953, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13276.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"942","endPage":"953","ipdsId":"IP-098009","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364893,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Togwotee Pass","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.50735473632812,\n 43.875128129336716\n ],\n [\n -110.52520751953125,\n 43.79092385423618\n ],\n [\n -109.62570190429688,\n 43.48082639482503\n ],\n [\n -109.53643798828125,\n 43.574421623084234\n ],\n [\n -110.14480590820312,\n 43.875128129336716\n ],\n [\n -110.48126220703125,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -110.49774169921875,\n 43.916691089303114\n ],\n [\n -110.50735473632812,\n 43.875128129336716\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"SWARTZ, LEAH K. 0000-0003-2315-8727","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8727","contributorId":216428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"SWARTZ","given":"LEAH","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newell, Robert L.","contributorId":146452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16698,"text":"Wilderness Research Institute, 790 East Beckwith Avenue, Missoul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lowe, Winsor H.","contributorId":146455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowe","given":"Winsor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5084,"text":"Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70222523,"text":"70222523 - 2019 - Snowmelt-triggered earthquake swarms at the margin of Long Valley Caldera, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T13:08:55.847945","indexId":"70222523","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-22T08:02:54","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Snowmelt-triggered earthquake swarms at the margin of Long Valley Caldera, California","docAbstract":"Fluids are well known to influence earthquakes, yet rarely are earthquakes convincingly linked to precipitation. Weak modulation or limited data often leads to ambiguous interpretations. In contrast, here we find that shallow seismicity in the Sierra Nevada range near Long Valley Caldera is strongly modulated by snowmelt. Over 33 years, shallow seismicity rates were ~37 times higher during very wet periods versus very dry periods. Relative earthquake relocations from a swarm in 2017 reveal downward migration from ~1- to 3-km depth along a steeply inclined plane. Steeply dipping strata may provide high-permeability pathways and faulting plane. Here we combine the correlated seismicity and hydrologic time series with the propagation observed in the relatively relocated earthquakes. From this combined evidence, we infer that pressure diffusion from groundwater recharge dramatically accelerated shallow seismicity rates, causing seismic swarms unrelated to volcanic processes.
The invasive grass cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) presents major challenges for land management and habitat conservation in the western United States. Feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) have become overabundant in some areas of the West and can impact fragile semiarid ecosystems. Amid ongoing efforts to control cheatgrass in the Great Basin, we conducted a study to determine if feral horses contribute to the spread of cheatgrass through distribution via their feces. We collected feral horse fecal samples from Little Book Cliffs Herd Management Area in western Colorado in 2014. Fecal samples were dried, and 20 from each of 3 collection sessions were cultivated to examine germination success. Six species germinated from 18 samples (30%; mostly one plant per sample where germination occurred), including cheatgrass from 8% of samples. In a separate study we examined the diet of this same horse population using fecal plant DNA barcoding. Plant species that germinated were rare in the diet and germinated from fewer samples than expected relative to their detection in the diet. Our results suggest that feral horses could be contributing to cheatgrass propagation. Native ungulates and domestic cattle also have this potential. Although management of all large ungulates is necessary to mitigate cheatgrass spread, control of feral horse numbers is particularly necessary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rama.2019.02.006","usgsCitation":"King, S., Schoenecker, K.A., and Manier, D.J., 2019, Potential spread of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) by feral horses (Equus ferus caballus) in Western Colorado: Rangeland Ecology and Management, v. 72, no. 4, p. 706-710, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.02.006.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"710","ipdsId":"IP-095248","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2019.02.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":373556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Grand Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Little Book Cliffs Herd Management Aarea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.51882934570312,\n 39.12473362566029\n ],\n [\n -108.29910278320312,\n 39.12473362566029\n ],\n [\n -108.29910278320312,\n 39.29498546816049\n ],\n [\n -108.51882934570312,\n 39.29498546816049\n ],\n [\n -108.51882934570312,\n 39.12473362566029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Sarah R.B.","contributorId":127791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Sarah R.B.","affiliations":[{"id":6737,"text":"Colorado State University, Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":785641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manier, Daniel J. 0000-0002-1105-1327 manierd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-1327","contributorId":127553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel","email":"manierd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":785642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70227919,"text":"70227919 - 2019 - Validating the performance of occupancy models for estimating habitat use and predicting the distribution of highly-mobile species: A case study using the American black bear","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-02T16:21:43.226849","indexId":"70227919","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-21T10:04:44","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating the performance of occupancy models for estimating habitat use and predicting the distribution of highly-mobile species: A case study using the American black bear","docAbstract":"Occupancy models have become a valuable tool for estimating wildlife-habitat relationships and for predicting species distributions. Highly-mobile species often violate the assumption that sampling units are geographically closed shifting the probability of occupancy to be interpreted as the probability of use. We used occupancy models, in conjunction with noninvasive sampling, to estimate habitat use and predict the distribution of a highly-mobile carnivore, the American black bear (Ursus americanus) in New Mexico, USA. The top model indicated that black bears use areas with higher primary productivity and fewer roads. The predictive performance of such models is rarely validated with independent data, so we validated our model predictions with 2-independent datasets. We first assessed the correlation between predicted and observed habitat use for 28 telemetry-collared bears in the Jemez Mountains. Predicted habitat use was positively correlated with observed use for all 3 years (2012: ρ = 0.81; 2013: ρ = 0.87; 2014: ρ = 0.90). We then predicted the probability of use within a cell where a bear mortality was documented using 2043 mortality locations from sport harvest, depredation, and vehicle collisions. The probability of habitat use at a mortality location was also positively correlated with observed use by the species (2012: ρ = 0.74; 2013: ρ = 0.89; 2014: ρ = 0.93). Our validation procedure supports the notion that occupancy models can be an effective tool for estimating habitat use and predicting the distribution of highly-mobile species when the assumption of geographic closure has been violated. Our findings may be of interest to studies that are estimating habitat use for highly-mobile species that are secretive or rare, difficult to capture, or expensive to monitor with other more intensive methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2019.03.010","usgsCitation":"Gould, M.J., Gould, W., Cain, J.W., and Roemer, G.W., 2019, Validating the performance of occupancy models for estimating habitat use and predicting the distribution of highly-mobile species: A case study using the American black bear: Biological Conservation, v. 234, p. 28-36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.03.010.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"28","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-099292","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Sangre de Cristo, Sacramento, and Jemez Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.479248046875,\n 32.37996146435729\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 32.37996146435729\n ],\n [\n -104.83154296875,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -107.479248046875,\n 36.712467243386264\n ],\n [\n -107.479248046875,\n 32.37996146435729\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"234","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, Matthew J.","contributorId":201504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":832573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gould, William R.","contributorId":244516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"William R.","affiliations":[{"id":27575,"text":"NMSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roemer, Gary W.","contributorId":273109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roemer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12628,"text":"New Mexico State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228045,"text":"70228045 - 2019 - Behavior of adult and young grassland songbirds at fledging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T15:52:54.250301","indexId":"70228045","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-13T09:46:03","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavior of adult and young grassland songbirds at fledging","docAbstract":"The behavior of adults and young at the time of fledging is one of the least understood aspects of the breeding ecology of birds. Current hypotheses propose that fledging occurs either as a result of parent-offspring conflict or nestling choice. We used video recordings to monitor the behavior of nestling and adult grassland songbirds at the time of fledging. We observed 525 nestlings from 166 nests of 15 bird species nesting in grasslands of Alberta, Canada, and Wisconsin, USA. Overall, 78% of nestlings used terrestrial locomotion for fledging and 22% used wing-assisted locomotion. Species varied in propensity for using wing-assisted locomotion when fledging, with nestling Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and Henslow's Sparrows (Centronyx henslowii) often doing so (47% of fledgings) and nestling Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia), Common Yellowthroats (Geothlypis trichas), and Chestnut-collared Longspurs (Calcarius ornatus) rarely doing so (3.5% of fledgings). For 390 fledging events at 127 nests, camera placement allowed adults near nests to be observed. Of these, most young fledged (81.5%) when no adult was present at nests. Of 72 fledging events that occurred when an adult was either at or approaching a nest, 49 (68.1%) involved feeding. Of those 49 fledgings, 30 (62.1%) occurred when one or more nestlings jumped or ran from nests to be fed as an adult approached nests. The low probability of nestlings fledging while an adult was at nests, and the tendency of young to jump or run from nests when adults did approach nests with food minimize opportunities for parents to withhold food to motivate nestlings to fledge. These results suggest that the nestling choice hypothesis best explains fledging by nestlings of ground-nesting grassland songbirds, and fledging results in families shifting from being place-based to being mobile and spatially dispersed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12289","usgsCitation":"Ribic, C., Rugg, D., Koper, N., Ellison, K., and Ng, C.S., 2019, Behavior of adult and young grassland songbirds at fledging: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 90, no. 2, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12289.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","ipdsId":"IP-099894","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":395355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alberta, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Brooks, Mount Horeb","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.77323532104492,\n 43.01004492519582\n ],\n [\n -89.72929000854492,\n 43.01004492519582\n ],\n [\n -89.72929000854492,\n 43.04116715093847\n ],\n [\n -89.77323532104492,\n 43.04116715093847\n ],\n [\n -89.77323532104492,\n 43.01004492519582\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 50.55\n ],\n [\n -111.85,\n 50.55\n ],\n [\n -111.85,\n 50.58\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 50.58\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 50.55\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":832959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rugg, David J.","contributorId":274388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rugg","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koper, Nicola","contributorId":274389,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koper","given":"Nicola","affiliations":[{"id":16603,"text":"University of Manitoba","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellison, Kevin","contributorId":274390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellison","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[{"id":37767,"text":"World Wildlife Fund","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ng, Christoph S.","contributorId":274391,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ng","given":"Christoph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16603,"text":"University of Manitoba","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":832963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70202490,"text":"70202490 - 2019 - Not so normal normals: Species distribution model results are sensitive to choice of climate normals and model type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T11:22:40","indexId":"70202490","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-06T11:22:37","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5811,"text":"Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Not so normal normals: Species distribution model results are sensitive to choice of climate normals and model type","docAbstract":"Species distribution models have many applications in conservation and ecology, and climate data are frequently a key driver of these models. Often, correlative modeling approaches are developed with readily available climate data; however, the impacts of the choice of climate normals is rarely considered. Here, we produced species distribution models for five disparate species using four different modeling algorithms and compared results between two different, but overlapping, climate normals time periods. Although the correlation structure among climate predictors did not change between the time periods, model results were sensitive to both baseline climate period and model method, even with model parameters specifically tuned to a species. Each species and each model type had at least one difference in variable retention or relative ranking with the change in climate time period. Pairwise comparisons of spatial predictions were also different, ranging from a low of 1.6% for climate period differences to a high of 25% for algorithm differences. While uncertainty from model algorithm selection is recognized as an important source of uncertainty, the impact of climate period is not commonly assessed. These uncertainties may affect conservation decisions, especially when projecting to future climates, and should be evaluated during model development.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/cli7030037","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., and Young, N.E., 2019, Not so normal normals: Species distribution model results are sensitive to choice of climate normals and model type: Climate, v. 7, no. 3, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7030037.","productDescription":"Article 37; 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-073502","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7030037","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":361797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, Nicholas E.","contributorId":189060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202493,"text":"70202493 - 2019 - The area under the precision‐recall curve as a performance metric for rare binary events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T10:36:48","indexId":"70202493","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-06T11:16:23","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The area under the precision‐recall curve as a performance metric for rare binary events","docAbstract":"In the U.S., about 44 million people rely on self-supplied groundwater for drinking water. Because most self-supplied homeowners do not treat their water to control corrosion, drinking water can be susceptible to lead (Pb) contamination from metal plumbing. To assess the types and locations of susceptible groundwater, a geochemical reaction model that included pure Pb minerals and solid solutions of calcite (CaxPb1–xCO3) and apatite [CaxPb5-x(PO4)3(OH; Cl; F)] was developed to estimate the lead solubility potential (LSP) for over 8300 untreated groundwater samples collected from domestic and public-supply sites between 2000 and 2016 in the U.S. The LSP is the calculated amount of Pb metal that could dissolve at 25 °C before a Pb-bearing mineral precipitates. About 33% of untreated groundwater samples had LSP greater than 15 μg/L—the USEPA action level for dissolved plus particulate forms of Pb. Five percent of samples had high LSP (above 300 μg/L) and tended to occur in the eastern and southeastern U.S. Measured Pb concentrations above 15 μg/L were rarely detected (<1%) but always coincided with high LSP values. Future work will provide a better understanding of the relation between water chemistry, Pb-mineral formation, and dissolved Pb concentrations in tap water.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b04475","usgsCitation":"Jurgens, B., Parkhurst, D.L., and Belitz, K., 2019, Assessing the lead solubility potential of untreated groundwater of the United States: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 53, no. 6, p. 3095-3103, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04475.","productDescription":"Article: 9 p.; Data Release ","startPage":"3095","endPage":"3103","ipdsId":"IP-083634","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467842,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04475","text":"Publisher Index 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]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":203430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":213728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":770838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202465,"text":"70202465 - 2019 - Physical, biogeochemical, and meteorological factors responsible for interannual changes in cyanobacterial community composition and biovolume over two decades in a eutrophic lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T15:28:51","indexId":"70202465","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-04T15:28:45","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical, biogeochemical, and meteorological factors responsible for interannual changes in cyanobacterial community composition and biovolume over two decades in a eutrophic lake","docAbstract":"This study used a 20-year dataset (1995–2014) to identify factors affecting cyanobacterial community composition (CCC) and abundance in a eutrophic lake. We hypothesized that differences in thermal structure, nutrients, and meteorology drive interannual variability in CCC and abundance. Cluster analysis differentiated dominant cyanobacteria into rare, low abundance, or sporadically occurring taxa. The bloom-forming genera were Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, accounting for ~ 70% of total cyanobacterial biovolume (BV) on average, whereas unusually high abundance of Planktothrix, Synechococcus, and Oscillatoria were clear outliers in three of the years. Variability in CCC was significantly correlated (P < 0.05, R > 0.3) with ice duration, Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and spring nitrite + nitrate (NO2+3); ice duration and TKN were associated with the occurrence of primarily non-bloom-forming genera. Pairwise correlations tested linear, exponential, and polynomial correlates of absolute and relative total Cyanophyta, Microcystis, or Aphanizomenon BV. TKN, total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP), TN:TP ratio, Schmidt stability, and rainfall correlated with total Cyanophyta, Microcystis, and Aphanizomenon BV, whereas ice cover, NO2+3, and TKN correlated with relative Microcystis and Aphanizomenon BV. Despite increasing TN:TP ratio over two decades, cyanobacterial abundance had not changed significantly. These data suggest differing responses of cyanobacterial genera to important environmental factors over two decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-018-3810-x","usgsCitation":"Weirich, C.A., Robertson, D.M., and Miller, T.R., 2019, Physical, biogeochemical, and meteorological factors responsible for interannual changes in cyanobacterial community composition and biovolume over two decades in a eutrophic lake: Hydrobiologia, v. 828, no. 1, p. 165-182, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3810-x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"182","ipdsId":"IP-095911","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361713,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"828","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weirich, Chelsea A. 0000-0002-2481-4987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-4987","contributorId":213923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weirich","given":"Chelsea","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":204668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Todd R. 0000-0002-2113-1662","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-1662","contributorId":213924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202715,"text":"70202715 - 2019 - Landscape connectivity planning for adaptation to future climate and land-use change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-21T16:33:11","indexId":"70202715","displayToPublicDate":"2019-03-01T12:56:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5476,"text":"Current Landscape Ecology Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape connectivity planning for adaptation to future climate and land-use change","docAbstract":"Purpose of Review
We examined recent literature on promoting habitat connectivity in the context of climate change (CC) and land-use change (LUC). These two global change forcings have wide-reaching ecological effects that are projected to worsen in the future. Improving connectivity is a common adaptation strategy, but CC and LUC can also degrade planned connections, potentially reducing their effectiveness. We synthesize advances in connectivity design approaches, identify challenges confronted by researchers and practitioners, and offer suggestions for future research.
Recent Findings
Recent studies incorporated future CC into connectivity design more often than LUC and rarely considered the two drivers jointly. When considering CC, most studies have focused on relatively broad spatial and temporal extents and have included either species-based targets or coarse-filter targets like geodiversity and climate gradients. High levels of uncertainty about future LUC and lack of consistent, readily available model simulations are likely hindering its inclusion in connectivity modeling. This high degree of uncertainty extends to efforts to jointly consider future CC and LUC.
Summary
We argue that successful promotion of connectivity as a means to adapt to CC and LUC will depend on (1) the velocity of CC, (2) the velocity of LUC, and (3) the degree of existing landscape fragmentation. We present a new conceptual framework to assist in identifying connectivity networks given these three factors. Given the high uncertainty associated with future CC and LUC, incorporating insights from decision science into connectivity planning will facilitate the development of more robust adaptation strategies.
Reintroductions are important components of conservation and recovery programs for rare plant species, but their long‐term success rates are poorly understood. Previous reviews of plant reintroductions focused on short‐term (e.g., ≤3 years) survival and flowering of founder individuals rather than on benchmarks of intergenerational persistence, such as seedling recruitment. However, short‐term metrics may obscure outcomes because the unique demographic properties of reintroductions, including small size and unstable stage structure, could create lags in population growth. We used time‐to‐event analysis on a database of unusually well‐monitored and long‐term (4–28 years) reintroductions of 27 rare plant species to test whether life‐history traits and population characteristics of reintroductions create time‐lagged responses in seedling recruitment (i.e., recruitment time lags [RTLs]), an important benchmark of success and indicator of persistence in reintroduced populations. Recruitment time lags were highly variable among reintroductions, ranging from <1 to 17 years after installation. Recruitment patterns matched predictions from life‐history theory with short‐lived species (fast species) exhibiting consistently shorter and less variable RTLs than long‐lived species (slow species). Long RTLs occurred in long‐lived herbs, especially in grasslands, whereas short RTLs occurred in short‐lived subtropical woody plants and annual herbs. Across plant life histories, as reproductive adult abundance increased, RTLs decreased. Highly variable RTLs were observed in species with multiple reintroduction events, suggesting local processes are just as important as life‐history strategy in determining reintroduction outcomes. Time lags in restoration outcomes highlight the need to scale success benchmarks in reintroduction monitoring programs with plant life‐history strategies and the unique demographic properties of restored populations. Drawing conclusions on the long‐term success of plant reintroduction programs is premature given that demographic processes in species with slow life‐histories take decades to unfold.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.13255","usgsCitation":"Albrecht, M.A., Osazuwa-Peters, O.L., Maschinski, J., Bell, T.J., Bowles, M.L., Brumback, W.E., Duquesnel, J., Kunz, M., Lange, J., McCue, K.A., McEachern, K., Murray, S., Olwell, P., Pavlovic, N.B., Peterson, C.L., Possley, J., Randall, J.L., and Wright, S.J., 2019, Effects of life history and reproduction on recruitment time lags in reintroductions of rare plants: Conservation Biology, v. 33, no. 3, p. 601-611, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13255.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"611","ipdsId":"IP-093197","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albrecht, Matthew A. 0000-0002-1079-1630","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1079-1630","contributorId":213559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albrecht","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38790,"text":"Missouri Botanical Garden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osazuwa-Peters, Oyomoare L.","contributorId":213560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osazuwa-Peters","given":"Oyomoare","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38791,"text":"Missouri Botanical Garden, Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maschinski, Joyce","contributorId":213561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maschinski","given":"Joyce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38792,"text":"San Diego Zoo Global","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bell, Timothy J.","contributorId":181524,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bell","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":758029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowles, Marlin L.","contributorId":213562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"Marlin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37343,"text":"The Morton Arboretum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brumback, William E.","contributorId":213563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brumback","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38793,"text":"New England Wild Flower Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Duquesnel, Janice","contributorId":213564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duquesnel","given":"Janice","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38794,"text":"Florida Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kunz, Michael","contributorId":213565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunz","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":38795,"text":"North Carolina Botanical Garden, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lange, Jimmy","contributorId":213566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lange","given":"Jimmy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38796,"text":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCue, Kimberlie A.","contributorId":213567,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCue","given":"Kimberlie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":38797,"text":"Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, AZ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"McEachern, Kathryn 0000-0003-2631-8247 kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-8247","contributorId":146324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_mceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":758025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Murray, Sheila","contributorId":213568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Sheila","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38798,"text":"The Arboretum at Flagstaff","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Olwell, Peggy","contributorId":213569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olwell","given":"Peggy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38799,"text":"Bureau of Land Management, Washington DC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Pavlovic, Noel B. 0000-0002-2335-2274 npavlovic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-2274","contributorId":1976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlovic","given":"Noel","email":"npavlovic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":758038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Peterson, Cheryl L.","contributorId":213570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38800,"text":"Bok Tower Gardens, Lake Wales, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Possley, Jennifer","contributorId":213571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Possley","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38796,"text":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Randall, John L.","contributorId":213572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randall","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38795,"text":"North Carolina Botanical Garden, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Wright, Samuel J.","contributorId":213573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38796,"text":"Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":758042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70202224,"text":"70202224 - 2019 - Life history of the endemic saddleback crayfish, Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884), (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T07:51:02","indexId":"70202224","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-22T16:00:39","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5290,"text":"Freshwater Crayfish","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Life history of the endemic saddleback crayfish, Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884), (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA","title":"Life history of the endemic saddleback crayfish, Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884), (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The saddleback crayfish, Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884), is endemic to a single drainage in eastern Missouri, USA, that is affected by heavy metals mining, and adjacent to a rapidly-expanding urban area. We studied populations of F. medius in two small streams for 18 months to describe the annual reproductive cycle and gather information about fecundity, sex ratio, size at maturity, and size-class structure. We also obtained information about the species’ density at supplemental sites. The species, though rare in a geographic context, is locally abundant; we captured a monthly average of more than 75 F. medius from each of the two study populations. Densities of F. medius were high relative to several sympatric species of Faxonius Cope, 1872 and Cambarus Erichson, 1846. The species exhibited traits of an r-strategist life history; it was relatively short-lived and early to maturity. Its fecundity and egg size were comparable to Ozark congeners. Breeding season occurred in autumn, perhaps extending into early winter. Egg brooding occurred primarily in April. Young of year first appeared in samples in June. We estimated that these populations contained 2 to 3 size-classes, and most individuals became sexually mature in their first year of life. Life history information presented herein will be important for future conservation efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"International association of Astacology","doi":"10.5869/fc.2019.v24-1.1","usgsCitation":"DiStefano, R., Westhoff, J., Rice, C., and Rosenberger, A.E., 2019, Life history of the endemic saddleback crayfish, Faxonius medius (Faxon, 1884), (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in Missouri, USA: Freshwater Crayfish, v. 24, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.5869/fc.2019.v24-1.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","ipdsId":"IP-097665","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362966,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberger, Amanda E. 0000-0002-5520-8349 arosenberger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5520-8349","contributorId":5581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberger","given":"Amanda","email":"arosenberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70205845,"text":"70205845 - 2019 - Factors affecting species richness and distribution spatially and temporally within a protected area using multi-season occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T13:12:54","indexId":"70205845","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-22T13:10:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting species richness and distribution spatially and temporally within a protected area using multi-season occupancy models","docAbstract":"Exploring trends in species richness and the distribution of individual species over time as well as the factors affecting these trends informs conservation priorities in protecting species and ecosystems as a whole. We used data from 41 park-wide line transect surveys in 2009 and 2014 and multi-season occupancy models with multi-species data to explore trends in species richness and distribution of individual species and factors affecting these trends in Nyungwe National Park (NNP), Rwanda. Mammalian species richness and the distributional range of 5 of the 7 species increased between 2009 and 2014 in NNP. The probability of colonization of a species into a new area in 2014, where it was not present in 2009, was highest in sites with a lower probability of poaching activity, close to tourist trails, and at lower elevations. The probability of colonization with no poaching activity was about 50% but dropped to about 10% with a 100% chance of poaching activity. Duiker species had the largest increase in distribution during the study, while there was a decrease in the distribution of the eastern chimpanzee and blue monkey. Our results suggest that increased patrols should be implemented in areas of the park with low species richness and areas with a low probability of occurrence for species of conservation concern to combat poaching activity and thus increase the probability of a species moving into a new area. Our use of a single multi-season model for multiple species explicitly accounts for imperfect detection and species-specific identities, while allowing for inferences to be made about rarely detected species by sharing covariates with common species. These results can be used to improve conservation planning in NNP for species management and ranger patrol protocols and our modelling framework is broadly applicable to any protected area with presence/absence species field data.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/acv.12491","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.F., Hines, J.E., and Masozera, M.K., 2019, Factors affecting species richness and distribution spatially and temporally within a protected area using multi-season occupancy models: Animal Conservation, v. 22, no. 5, p. 503-514, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12491.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"514","ipdsId":"IP-098950","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Rwanda","otherGeospatial":"Nyungwe Forest National Park","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[30.4191,-1.13466],[30.81613,-1.69891],[30.75831,-2.28725],[30.4697,-2.41386],[29.93836,-2.34849],[29.63218,-2.91786],[29.02493,-2.83926],[29.11748,-2.29221],[29.25483,-2.21511],[29.29189,-1.62006],[29.57947,-1.34131],[29.82152,-1.44332],[30.4191,-1.13466]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Rwanda\"}}]}","volume":"22","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Jennifer F.","contributorId":189122,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":772590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hines, James E. 0000-0001-5478-7230 jhines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":146530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":772589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masozera, Michel K.","contributorId":201300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Masozera","given":"Michel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35968,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Rwanda Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":772591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70202326,"text":"70202326 - 2019 - Assessing vulnerability and threat from housing development to Conservation Opportunity Areas in State Wildlife Action Plans across the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-22T12:52:37","indexId":"70202326","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-22T12:52:34","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2603,"text":"Landscape and Urban Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing vulnerability and threat from housing development to Conservation Opportunity Areas in State Wildlife Action Plans across the United States","docAbstract":"Targeting conservation actions efficiently requires information on vulnerability of and threats to conservation targets, but such information is rarely included in conservation plans. In the U.S., recently updated State Wildlife Action Plans identify Conservation Opportunity Areas (COAs) selected by each state as priority areas for future action to conserve wildlife and habitats. The question is how threatened these COAs are by habitat loss and degradation, major threats to wildlife in the U.S. that are often caused by housing development. We compiled spatial data on COAs across the conterminous U.S. We estimated COA vulnerability using current land protection status and COA threat using projected housing growth derived from U.S. census data. COAs comprise 1–46% of each region. Across regions, 28–82% of the area within COAs is vulnerable to future housing development, and 5–55% and 7–23% of that vulnerable COA area is threatened by projected dense housing and rapid housing growth, respectively. COA vulnerability is greatest in the East. Threat from dense housing and rapid housing growth is highest in the Northeast and Pacific Southwest, respectively. Results highlight that many areas identified as important for reducing wildlife listings under the U.S. Endangered Species Act may need further protection to fulfill their conservation goals because they are both vulnerable to and threatened by future housing development. Our analyses can help practitioners target local government outreach, land protection efforts, and landscape-scale mitigation programs to decrease future COA loss from housing development, and could be expanded to address additional COA threats (e.g., wildfire, invasive species).
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