Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), an additive used to oxygenate gasoline, has been detected in lakes in northwestern New Jersey. This occurrence has been attributed to the use of gasoline-powered watercraft. This paper documents and explains both seasonal and daily variations in MTBE concentrations at Cranberry Lake. During a recent boating season (late April to September 1999), concentrations of MTBE typically exceeded 20 μg/L. MTBE concentrations varied daily from 12 to 24 μg/L over a 2-week period that included the Labor Day holiday. Concentrations were highest on weekends when there is more boat traffic, which had an immediate effect on MTBE mass throughout the lake. MTBE concentrations decreased to about 2 μg/L shortly after the end of the summer recreational season. The loss of MTBE can be accounted for by volatilization, with a half-life on the order of 10 days. The volatilization rate was modeled with the daily decrease in MTBE then the modeled rate was validated using the data from the seasonal decline.
MTBE and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely observed in shallow groundwater in the United States, especially in urban areas. Previous studies suggest that the atmosphere and/or nonpoint surficial sources could be responsible for some of those VOCs, especially in areas where there is net recharge to groundwater. However, in semi-arid locations where annual potential evapotranspiration can exceed annual precipitation, VOC detections in groundwater can be frequent. VOC transport to groundwater under net discharge conditions has not previously been examined. A numerical model is used here to demonstrate that daily precipitation and evapotranspiration (ET) patterns can have a significant effect on recharge to groundwater, water table elevations, and VOC transport. Ten-year precipitation/ET scenarios from six sites in the United States are examined using both actual daily observed values and “average” pulsed precipitation. MTBE and tetrachloroethylene transport, including gas-phase diffusion, are considered. The effects of the precipitation/ET scenarios on net recharge and groundwater flow are significant and complicated, especially under low-precipitation conditions when pulsed precipitation can significantly underestimate transport to groundwater. In addition to precipitation and evapotranspiration effects, location of VOC entry into the subsurface within the watershed is important for transport in groundwater. This is caused by groundwater hydraulics at the watershed scale as well as variations in ET within the watershed. The model results indicate that it is important to consider both daily precipitation/ET patterns and location within the watershed in order to interpret VOC occurrence in groundwater, especially in low-precipitation settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es026252c","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.L., Thoms, R., and Zogorski, J., 2003, Effects of daily precipitation and evapotranspiration patterns on flow and VOC transport to groundwater along a watershed flow path: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 21, p. 4944-4954, https://doi.org/10.1021/es026252c.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"4944","endPage":"4954","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a064ee4b0c8380cd511c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thoms, R.B.","contributorId":7466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thoms","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, J.S.","contributorId":108201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70024947,"text":"70024947 - 2003 - Pyrolysis-combustion 14C dating of soil organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70024947","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyrolysis-combustion 14C dating of soil organic matter","docAbstract":"Radiocarbon (14C) dating of total soil organic matter (SOM) often yields results inconsistent with the stratigraphic sequence. The onerous chemical extractions for SOM fractions do not always produce satisfactory 14C dates. In an effort to develop an alternative method, the pyrolysis-combustion technique was investigated to partition SOM into pyrolysis volatile (Py-V) and pyrolysis residue (Py-R) fractions. The Py-V fractions obtained from a thick glacigenic loess succession in Illinois yielded 14C dates much younger but more reasonable than the counterpart Py-R fractions for the soil residence time. Carbon isotopic composition (??13C) was heavier in the Py-V fractions, suggesting a greater abundance of carbohydrate- and protein-related constituents, and ??13C was lighter in the Py-R fractions, suggesting more lignin- and lipid-related constituents. The combination of 14C dates and ??13C values indicates that the Py-V fractions are less biodegradation resistant and the Py-R fractions are more biodegradation resistant. The pyrolysis-combustion method provides a less cumbersome approach for 14C dating of SOM fractions. With further study, this method may become a useful tool for analyzing unlithified terrestrial sediments when macrofossils are absent. ?? 2003 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2003.07.004","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Hackley, K.C., Panno, S., Coleman, D., Liu, J., and Brown, J., 2003, Pyrolysis-combustion 14C dating of soil organic matter: Quaternary Research, v. 60, no. 3, p. 348-355, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.07.004.","startPage":"348","endPage":"355","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207679,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2003.07.004"},{"id":232831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9060e4b0c8380cd7fcdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongfang","contributorId":92635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongfang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Keith C.","contributorId":12166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Panno, S.V.","contributorId":102990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panno","given":"S.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coleman, D.D.","contributorId":93198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Liu, J.C.-L.","contributorId":52370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"J.C.-L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brown, J.","contributorId":57801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":403214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70026103,"text":"70026103 - 2003 - Highly siderophile elements in chondrites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:21","indexId":"70026103","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Highly siderophile elements in chondrites","docAbstract":"The abundances of the highly siderophile elements (HSE), Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd, were determined by isotope dilution mass spectrometry for bulk samples of 13 carbonaceous chondrites, 13 ordinary chondrites and 9 enstatite chondrites. These data are coupled with corresponding 187Re-187Os isotopic data reported by Walker et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2002] in order to constrain the nature and timing of chemical fractionation relating to these elements in the early solar system. The suite of chondrites examined displays considerable variations in absolute abundances of the HSE, and in the ratios of certain HSE. Absolute abundances of the HSE vary by nearly a factor of 80 among the chondrite groups, although most vary within a factor of only 2. Variations in concentration largely reflect heterogeneities in the sample aliquants. Different aliquants of the same chondrite may contain variable proportions of metal and/or refractory inclusions that are HSE-rich, and sulfides that are HSE-poor. The relatively low concentrations of the HSE in CI1 chondrites likely reflect dilution by the presence of volatile components. Carbonaceous chondrites have Re/Os ratios that are, on average, approximately 8% lower than ratios for ordinary and enstatite chondrites. This is also reflected in 187Os/188Os ratios that are approximately 3% lower for carbonaceous chondrites than for ordinary and enstatite chondrites. Given the similarly refractory natures of Re and Os, this fractionation may have occurred within a narrow range of high temperatures, during condensation of these elements from the solar nebula. Superimposed on this major fractionation are more modest movements of Re or Os that occurred within the last 0-2 Ga, as indicated by minor open-system behavior of the Re-Os isotope systematics of some chondrites. The relative abundances of other HSE can also be used to discriminate among the major classes of chondrites. For example, in comparison to the enstatite chondrites, carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites have distinctly lower ratios of Pd to the more refractory HSE (Re, Os, Ir, Ru and Pt). Differences are particularly well resolved for the EH chondrites that have Pd/Ir ratios that average more than 40% higher than for carbonaceous and ordinary chondrite classes. This fractionation probably occurred at lower temperatures, and may be associated with fractionation processes that also affected the major refractory lithophile elements. Combined, 187Os/188Os ratios and HSE ratios reflect unique early solar system processing of HSE for each major chondrite class. ?? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Horan, M., Walker, R., Morgan, J.W., Grossman, J.N., and Rubin, A., 2003, Highly siderophile elements in chondrites: Chemical Geology, v. 196, no. 1-4, p. 5-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9.","startPage":"5","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208661,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00405-9"},{"id":234553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"196","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3149e4b0c8380cd5ddca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grossman, J. N.","contributorId":41840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grossman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rubin, A.E.","contributorId":99308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":407915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025852,"text":"70025852 - 2003 - Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:24","indexId":"70025852","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The influence of the Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Superfund Site on the Sudbury River, Massachusetts, was assessed by analysis of sediment, fish prey organisms, and predator fish from four locations in the river system. Whitehall Reservoir is an impoundment upstream of the site, and Reservoir #2 is an impoundment downstream of the site. Cedar Street is a flowing reach upstream of the site, and Sherman Bridge is a flowing reach downstream of the site. Collections of material for analysis were made three times, in May, July, and October. Sediment was analyzed for acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), simultaneously-extracted (SEM) metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Sb, Zn), and total recoverable Hg. The dominant predatory fish species collected at all sites, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), was analyzed for the same suite of metals as sediment. Analysis of stomach contents of bass identified small fish (yellow perch Perca flavescens, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus), crayfish, and dragonfly larvae as the dominant prey organisms. Samples of the prey were collected from the same locations and at the same times as predator fish, and were analyzed for total and methyl mercury. Results of AVS and SEM analyses indicated that sediments were not toxic to aquatic invertebrates at any site. The SEM concentrations of As, Cd, and Cr were significantly higher at Reservoir #2 than at the reference sites, and SEM As and Cd were significantly higher at Sherman Bridge than at Cedar St. Sediment total Hg was elevated only at Reservoir #2. Hg was higher at site-influenced locations in all fish species except brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Cd was higher in bluegill, black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), and brown bullhead, and Cr was higher in largemouth bass fillet samples but not in whole-body samples. There were no seasonal differences in sediment or prey organism metals, but some metals in some fish species did vary over time in an inconsistent manner. Predator fish Hg concentration was significantly linearly related to weighted prey organism methyl Hg concentration. Largemouth bass Hg was significantly lower at Reservoir #2 in our study than in previous investigations in 1989 and 1990. High concentrations of inorganic Hg remain in river sediment as a result of operation of the Nyanza site, and fish Hg concentrations in river reaches downstream of the site are elevated compared to upstream reference sites. However, the differences are relatively small and Hg concentrations in largemouth bass from the site-influenced locations are no higher than those from some other, nearby uncontaminated sites. We hypothesize that this results from burial of contaminated sediment with cleaner material, which reduces bioavailability of contaminants and possibly reduces methylation of mercury.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1023/A:1024017329382","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Haines, T., May, T., Finlayson, R., and Mierzykowski, S., 2003, Factors affecting food chain transfer of mercury in the vicinity of the Nyanza site, Sudbury River, Massachusetts: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 86, no. 3, p. 211-232, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024017329382.","startPage":"211","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208654,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1024017329382"},{"id":234539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ea0e4b0c8380cd53545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, T.A.","contributorId":83062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, T.W.","contributorId":75878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, R.T.","contributorId":14164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mierzykowski, S.E.","contributorId":81671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mierzykowski","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70025755,"text":"70025755 - 2003 - An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-25T12:08:18","indexId":"70025755","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":644,"text":"Acta Petrologica Sinica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications","docAbstract":"This paper provides an overview of some of the more important developments in fluid-inclusion research and applications in recent years, including fluid-inclusion petrography, PVTX studies, and analytical techniques. In fluid-inclusion petrography, the introduction of the concept of 'fluid-inclusion assemblage' has been a major advance. In PVTX studies, the use of synthetic fluid inclusions and hydrothermal diamond-anvil cells has greatly contributed to the characterization of the phase behaviour of geologically relevant fluid systems. Various analytical methods are being developed and refined rapidly, with the Laser-Raman and LA-ICP-MS techniques being particularly useful for volatile and solute analyses, respectively. Ore deposit research has been and will continue to be the main field of application of fluid inclusions. However, fluid inclusions have been increasingly applied to other fields of earth science, especially in petroleum geology and the study of magmatic and earth interior processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta Petrologica Sinica","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"Chinese","issn":"10000569","usgsCitation":"Chi, G., Chou, I., and Lu, H., 2003, An overview on current fluid-inclusion research and applications: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 19, no. 2, p. 201-212.","startPage":"201","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269998,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/5692253/An_overview_on_current_fluid_inclusion_research_and_applications.htm"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaaee4b0c8380cd489ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chi, G.","contributorId":26865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chou, I.-M. 0000-0001-5233-6479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-6479","contributorId":44283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chou","given":"I.-M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":406452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, H.-Z.","contributorId":6638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"H.-Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025713,"text":"70025713 - 2003 - Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:22","indexId":"70025713","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?","docAbstract":"The Dongping gold deposit (>100 t Au) occurs about 200 km inboard of the northern margin of the North China craton. The deposit is mainly hosted by syenite of a middle Paleozoic alkalic intrusive complex that was emplaced into Late Archean basement rocks. Both groups of rocks are intruded by Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous crustal-melt granite dikes and stocks, some within a few kilometers of the deposit. The gold ores were deposited during this latter magmatic period at about 150 Ma, a time that was characterized by widespread regional north-south compression that formed the east-west-trending Yanshan deformational belt. The ores include both the telluride mineral-bearing, low sulfide quartz veins and the highly K-feldspar-altered syenite, with most of the resource concentrated in two orebodies (1 and 70). Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates heterogeneous trapping of low-salinity (e.g., 5-7 wt % NaCl equiv) fluids that varied from a few to 60 mole percent nonaqueous volatile species. Laser Raman spectroscopy confirms that the vapor phase in these inclusions is dominated by CO2, but may be comprised of as much as 9 mole percent H2S and 20 mole percent N2; methane concentrations in the vapor phase are consistently <1 mole percent. The variable phase ratios are consistent with fluid immiscibility during ore formation. Fluid inclusion trapping conditions are estimated to be 250?? to 375??C and 0.6 to 1.0 kbar. Helium isotope studies of fluid inclusions in ore-stage pyrites indicate He/He ratios of 2.1 to 5.2 Ra (Ra = 1.4 x 10-6 for air) for orebody 1 and 0.3 to 0.8 Ra for orebody 70. The former data suggest that at least 26 to 65 percent mantle helium occurs in the fluids that deposited the veins in orebody 1. The lower values for orebody 70, which is characterized by a more disseminated style of gold mineralization, are interpreted to reflect an increased interaction of ore fluids with surrounding crustal rocks, which may have contributed additional He to the fluids. A mantle source for at least some of the components of the gold-forming fluid is consistent with upwelling of hot asthenosphere and erosion of as much as 100 to 150 km of cool Archean lithosphere beneath the craton during this time. The Dongping deposit is located along the 100-km-wide north-south gravity lineament, which marks the western border of the thinned crust. As both regional metamorphism of Mesoproterozoic and younger cover rocks, and widespread granite magmatism, also occurred at ca. 150 Ma, it is unclear as to whether one or both of these also contributed fluid and/or metals to the hydrothermal system. Importantly, these new data suggest that economically significant gold deposits of similar mineral style and fluid composition, which are scattered along the margins of the craton, may all be products of a fluid originally partly sourced within the mantle.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Mao, J., Li, Y., Goldfarb, R., He, Y., and Zaw, K., 2003, Fluid inclusion and noble gas studies of the Dongping gold deposit, Hebei Province, China: A mantle connection for mineralization?: Economic Geology, v. 98, no. 3, p. 517-534.","startPage":"517","endPage":"534","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":234708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1270e4b0c8380cd542d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, J.","contributorId":87513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.","contributorId":43113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"He, Y.","contributorId":23319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zaw, K.","contributorId":18941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaw","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70025703,"text":"70025703 - 2003 - Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:23","indexId":"70025703","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery","docAbstract":"Sorption of gas onto coal is sensitive to pressure and temperature, and carbon dioxide can be a potentially volatile supercritical fluid in coalbed methane reservoirs. More than 5000 wells have been drilled in the coalbed methane fields of the Black Warrior basin in west-central Alabama, and the hydrologic and geothermic information from geophysical well logs provides a robust database that can be used to assess the potential for carbon sequestration in coal-bearing strata.Reservoir temperature within the coalbed methane target zone generally ranges from 80 to 125 ??F (27-52 ??C), and geothermal gradient ranges from 6.0 to 19.9 ??F/1000 ft (10.9-36.2 ??C/km). Geothermal gradient data have a strong central tendency about a mean of 9.0 ??F/1000 ft (16.4 ??C/km). Hydrostatic pressure gradients in the coalbed methane fields range from normal (0.43 psi/ft) to extremely underpressured (<0.05 psi/ft). Pressure-depth plots establish a bimodal regime in which 70% of the wells have pressure gradients greater than 0.30 psi/ft, and 20% have pressure gradients lower than 0.10 psi/ft. Pockets of underpressure are developed around deep longwall coal mines and in areas distal to the main hydrologic recharge zone, which is developed in structurally upturned strata along the southeastern margin of the basin.Geothermal gradients within the coalbed methane fields are high enough that reservoirs never cross the gas-liquid condensation line for carbon dioxide. However, reservoirs have potential for supercritical fluid conditions beyond a depth of 2480 ft (756 m) under normally pressured conditions. All target coal beds are subcritically pressured in the northeastern half of the coalbed methane exploration fairway, whereas those same beds were in the supercritical phase window prior to gas production in the southwestern half of the fairway. Although mature reservoirs are dewatered and thus are in the carbon dioxide gas window, supercritical conditions may develop as reservoirs equilibrate toward a normal hydrostatic pressure gradient after abandonment. Coal can hold large quantities of carbon dioxide under supercritical conditions, and supercritical isotherms indicate non-Langmiur conditions under which some carbon dioxide may remain mobile in coal or may react with formation fluids or minerals. Hence, carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery show great promise in subcritical reservoirs, and additional research is required to assess the behavior of carbon dioxide in coal under supercritical conditions where additional sequestration capacity may exist. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Pashin, J., and McIntyre, M., 2003, Temperature-pressure conditions in coalbed methane reservoirs of the Black Warrior basin: Implications for carbon sequestration and enhanced coalbed methane recovery: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 54, no. 3-4, p. 167-183, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X.","startPage":"167","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208648,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00034-X"},{"id":234531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4d7e4b08c986b32060d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pashin, J.C.","contributorId":41897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pashin","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McIntyre, M.R.","contributorId":96882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025656,"text":"70025656 - 2003 - Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T14:43:19","indexId":"70025656","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins","docAbstract":"Infiltration of storm water through detention and retention basins may increase the risk of groundwater contamination, especially in areas where the soil is sandy and the water table shallow, and contaminants may not have a chance to degrade or sorb onto soil particles before reaching the saturated zone. Groundwater from 16 monitoring wells installed in basins in southern New Jersey was compared to the quality of shallow groundwater from 30 wells in areas of new-urban land use. Basin groundwater contained much lower levels of dissolved oxygen, which affected concentrations of major ions. Patterns of volatile organic compound and pesticide occurrence in basin groundwater reflected the land use in the drainage areas served by the basins, and differed from patterns in background samples, exhibiting a greater occurrence of petroleum hydrocarbons and certain pesticides. Dilution effects and volatilization likely decrease the concentration and detection frequency of certain compounds commonly found in background groundwater. High recharge rates in storm water basins may cause loading factors to be substantial even when constituent concentrations in infiltrating storm water are relatively low.","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(464)","issn":"07339372","usgsCitation":"Fischer, D., Charles, E.G., and Baehr, A.L., 2003, Effects of stormwater infiltration on quality of groundwater beneath retention and detention basins: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 129, no. 5, p. 464-471, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:5(464).","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"464","endPage":"471","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":234963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"129","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07e0e4b0c8380cd51894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, D.","contributorId":92218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":406044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charles, Emmanuel G. 0000-0002-3338-4958 echarles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3338-4958","contributorId":4280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charles","given":"Emmanuel","email":"echarles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70025623,"text":"70025623 - 2003 - Oceans on Mars: An assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:00","indexId":"70025623","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oceans on Mars: An assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate","docAbstract":"If the large Late Hesperian outflow channels were eroded by extensive floods, as appears likely, then large bodies of water must have once occupied the northern plains during that period. Previous estimates of the sizes of bodies of water in the northern lowlands range up to 3 ?? 108 km3. Several contacts have been previously mapped around the edges of the northern plains and interpreted to be shorelines remaining from these former standing bodies of water. We examine the elevations and geologic relations along these contacts in detail and find little support for their interpretation as shorelines. Some contacts are clearly of volcanic origin, and all have significant variations in elevation. Better support for the former presence of water over large parts of the northern plains is provided by the Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF). Most of the post-Noachian fill within the northern basin is ridged plains of Lower Hesperian age, interpreted to be volcanic in origin. Overlying the ridged plains is the VBF, a thin veneer of material of Upper Hesperian age. The VBF may have been deposited from large floods. Support for this interpretation is the similarity in age between the outflow channels and the VBF, the presence of the VBF at the lower ends of the outflow channels, and identification of numerous features in the outcrop areas of the VBF that are suggestive of basal melting of an ice sheet. To cover all the area over which the VBF is exposed would require ???2.3 ?? 107 km3 of water. Spread over the entire surface of Mars, this volume is equal to a global layer (global equivalent layer, or GEL) ???156 m deep. We find no support for the larger estimates of ocean volumes that range up to 3 ?? 108 km3 and which imply comparable amounts of water per unit area as are currently present on the surface of the Earth. Under present climatic conditions on Mars an ocean would freeze in a geologically short time period (???104 years), then would sublimate away at rates strongly dependent on the presence or absence of debris on the ice surface. The present VBF is interpreted as a sublimation residue from the ponded outflow channel effluents. The fate of a volume of water thought to have been emplaced by the outflow channels (???2.3 ?? 107 km3) is largely accounted for by the presence of other existing reservoirs on the planet. An approximately 20-30 m GEL of water is estimated to be in the present polar caps, and a 50 m GEL may have escaped to space since the Hesperian, leaving ???80 m GEL unaccounted for. This amount may be partly trapped in other volatile-rich deposits on the surface, and a significant amount could have reentered the groundwater system by south polar basal melting and been progressively cold-trapped at the base of a growing cryosphere. On the basis of our assessment of the Hesperian-aged deposits, we predict that testing of the Clifford and Parker [2001] hypothesis that a Noachian-aged ocean covered up to one third of the surface of Mars will be made very difficult by the enhanced degradation rates in the Noachian and subsequent geological events in the northern lowlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., and Head, J.W., 2003, Oceans on Mars: An assessment of the observational evidence and possible fate: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 108, no. 5, p. 8-1.","startPage":"8","endPage":"1","numberOfPages":"-6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":236204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6c9fe4b0c8380cd74d1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70025554,"text":"70025554 - 2003 - Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-09T09:59:11","indexId":"70025554","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling","docAbstract":"Quaternary volcanic unrest has provided heat for episodic hydrothermal circulation in the Long Valley caldera, including the present-day hydrothermal system, which has been active over the past 40 kyr. The most recent period of crustal unrest in this region of east-central California began around 1980 and has included periods of intense seismicity and ground deformation. Uplift totaling more than 0.7 m has been centered on the caldera's resurgent dome, and is best modeled by a near-vertical ellipsoidal source centered at depths of 6-7 km. Modeling of both deformation and microgravity data now suggests that (1) there are two inflation sources beneath the caldera, a shallower source 7-10 km beneath the resurgent dome and a deeper source ???15 km beneath the caldera's south moat and (2) the shallower source may contain components of magmatic brine and gas. The Long Valley Exploration Well (LVEW), completed in 1998 on the resurgent dome, penetrates to a depth of 3 km directly above this shallower source, but bottoms in a zone of 100??C fluid with zero vertical thermal gradient. Although these results preclude extrapolations of temperatures at depths below 3 km, other information obtained from flow tests and fluid sampling at this well indicates the presence of magmatic volatiles and fault-related permeability within the metamorphic basement rocks underlying the volcanic fill. In this paper, we present recently acquired data from LVEW and compare them with information from other drill holes and thermal springs in Long Valley to delineate the likely flow paths and fluid system properties under the resurgent dome. Additional information from mineralogical assemblages in core obtained from fracture zones in LVEW documents a previous period of more vigorous and energetic fluid circulation beneath the resurgent dome. Although this system apparently died off as a result of mineral deposition and cooling (and/or deepening) of magmatic heat sources, flow testing and tidal analyses of LVEW water level data show that relatively high permeability and strain sensitivity still exist in the steeply dipping principal fracture zone penetrated at a depth of 2.6 km. The hydraulic properties of this zone would allow a pressure change induced at distances of several kilometers below the well to be observable within a matter of days. This indicates that continuous fluid pressure monitoring in the well could provide direct evidence of future intrusions of magma or high-temperature fluids at depths of 5-7 km. ?? 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., Sorey, M., Roeloffs, E., Galloway, D., Howle, J., and Jacobson, R., 2003, Inferences on the hydrothermal system beneath the resurgent dome in Long Valley Caldera, east-central California, USA, from recent pumping tests and geochemical sampling: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 127, no. 3-4, p. 305-328, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"328","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":236199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":209578,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00174-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.93936157226562,\n 37.78645343442073\n ],\n [\n -119.10621643066408,\n 37.709899354855125\n ],\n [\n -119.04579162597656,\n 37.61477533148087\n ],\n [\n -118.82469177246095,\n 37.591383348725785\n ],\n [\n -118.62213134765626,\n 37.61586315165877\n ],\n [\n -118.64479064941406,\n 37.67729913640425\n ],\n [\n -118.71551513671876,\n 37.759858513184625\n ],\n [\n -118.93936157226562,\n 37.78645343442073\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"127","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae6e4b0c8380cd62079","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, C. D.","contributorId":71978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roeloffs, E.","contributorId":21680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galloway, D. L. 0000-0003-0904-5355","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":31383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":405624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Howle, J. F. 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":66294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jacobson, R.","contributorId":55373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70025531,"text":"70025531 - 2003 - Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:25","indexId":"70025531","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2751,"text":"Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy","docAbstract":"The Campanian Plain is an 80 x 30 km region of southern Italy, bordered by the Apennine Chain, that has experienced subsidence during the Quaternary. This region, volcanologically active in the last 600 ka, has been identified as the Campanian Volcanic Zone (CVZ). The products of three periods of trachytic ignimbrite volcanism (289-246 ka, 157 ka and 106 ka) have been identified in the Apennine area in the last 300 ka. These deposits probably represent distal ash flow units of ignimbrite eruptions which occurred throughout the CVZ. The resulting deposits are interstratified with marine sediments indicating that periods of repeated volcano-tectonic emergence and subsidence may have occurred in the past. The eruption, defined as the Campanian Ignimbrite (CI), with the largest volume (310 km3), occurred in the CVZ 39 ka ago. The products of the CI eruption consist of two units (unit-1 and unit-2) formed from a single compositionally zoned magma body. Slightly different in composition, three trachytic melts constitute the two units. Unit-1 type A is an acid trachyte, type B is a trachyte and type C of unit-2 is a mafic trachyte. The CI, vented from pre-existing neotectonic faults, formed during the Apennine uplift, Initially the venting of volatile-rich type A magma deposited the products to the N-NE of the CVZ. During the eruption, the Acerra graben already affected by a NE-SW fault system, was transected by E-W faults, forming a cross-graben that extended to the gulf of Naples. E-W faults were then further dislocated by NE-SW transcurrent movements. This additional collapse significantly influenced the deposition of the B-type magma of unit-1, and the C-type magma of unit-2 toward the E-SE and S, in the Bay of Naples. The pumice fall deposit underlying the CI deposits, until now thought to be associated with the CI eruption, is not a strict transition from plinian to CI-forming activity. It is derived instead from an independent source probably located near the Naples area. This initial volcanic activity is assumed to be a precursor to the CI trachytic eruptions, which vented along regional faults.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00710-003-0014-4","issn":"09300708","usgsCitation":"Rolandi, G., Bellucci, F., Heizler, M., Belkin, H., and de Vivo, B., 2003, Tectonic controls on the genesis of ignimbrites from the Campanian Volcanic Zone, southern Italy: Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 79, no. 1-2, p. 3-31, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-003-0014-4.","startPage":"3","endPage":"31","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":209397,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00710-003-0014-4"},{"id":235793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba459e4b08c986b320297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rolandi, G.","contributorId":76472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rolandi","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bellucci, F.","contributorId":47956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bellucci","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heizler, M.T.","contributorId":94799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heizler","given":"M.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":405538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":57963,"text":"ofr03468 - 2003 - Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected test, monitor, and water-supply wells in Cayuga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-04T13:34:29","indexId":"ofr03468","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-468","title":"Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected test, monitor, and water-supply wells in Cayuga County, New York","docAbstract":"Volatile-organic compounds have been detected in water sampled from more than 50 supply wells between the City of Auburn and Village of Union Springs in Cayuga County, New York, and the area was declared a Superfund site in 2002. In 2001-04, geophysical logs were collected from 37 test, monitor, and water-supply wells as a preliminary part of the investigation of volatile-organic compound contamination in the carbonate-bedrock aquifer system. The geophysical logs included gamma, induction, caliper, wellbore image, deviation, fluid resistivity and temperature, and flowmeter. The geophysical logs were analyzed along with core samples and outcrops of the bedrock to define the stratigraphic units and flow zones penetrated by the wells. This report describes the logging methods used in the study and presents the geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03468","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Anderson, J., Williams, J., Eckhardt, D., and Miller, T.S., 2003, Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs of selected test, monitor, and water-supply wells in Cayuga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-468, 10 p., 38 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03468.","productDescription":"10 p., 38 figs.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323360,"rank":32,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0468/pdf/ofr20030468_cy208.pdf","text":"Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs - Site Name CY 208","size":"413 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2003-0468"},{"id":323361,"rank":33,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0468/pdf/ofr20030468_cy209.pdf","text":"Geophysical, stratigraphic, and flow-zone logs - 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U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Rd
Troy, NY 12180
(518) 285-5695
http://ny.water.usgs.gov/
Exploration for and production of petroleum have caused major detrimental impacts to soils, surface and ground waters, and the local ecosystems in the United States. These impacts arise primarily from the improper disposal of large volumes of saline water produced with oil and gas, from accidental hydrocarbon and produced water releases, and from abandoned oil wells that were not correctly sealed. It is important to understand the long-term and short-term effects of produced water and hydrocarbon releases from these sites in order to develop risk-based remediation plans. Remediation is particularly needed in aging and depleted fields where land use is changing from petroleum production to residential, agricultural or recreational uses. About 20 scientists from the USGS and other governmental agencies and academia are involved in a multidisciplinary investigation to study the transport, fate, and natural attenuation of inorganic salts, trace metals, organic compounds and radionuclides present in produced water, and their impacts at the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research (OSPER) 'A' and 'B' sites, located on the Osage Reservation in Osage County, Oklahoma. Stakeholders in the project include the Osage Nation, which holds the mineral rights, the Bureau of Indian Affairs with trust responsibility, and the Army Corps of Engineers, which owns the surface rights at these sites and manages adjacent Skiatook Lake. The 4250-hectare Skiatook Lake provides drinking water to local Tulsa suburban communities and a rural water district, and offers recreational fishing and boating opportunities to tens of thousands of visitors each year. Approximately 1.5 and 1.0 hectare of land at the OSPER 'A' (depleted Lester lease) and 'B' (active Branstetter lease) sites, respectively, are affected by salt scarring, tree kills, soil salinization and brine and petroleum contamination due to the leakage of produced water and associated hydrocarbons from brine pits and accidental releases from active and inactive pipes and tank batteries. The leases are typical of many depleted and aging petroleum fields in Osage County, which ranks among the top oil and gas producing counties in Oklahoma with about 39,000 wells. Oil and gas production has occurred in Osage county for over one hundred years, but current production is mainly from stripper wells (averaging ~2.8 bbl/d oil and >30 bbl/d brine) that are shallow, mostly 300-700 m in depth, and produce from several sandstones of Pennsylvanian age. Results to date show that the produced water source is a Na-Ca-Cl brine (~150,000 mg/L total dissolved solids), with relatively high concentrations of Mg, Sr, and NH4, but low SO4 and H2S. With the exception of Fe and Mn, the concentrations of trace metals are low. Results also show that some and, eventually, the bulk, of inorganic salts and some dissolved organic species in the released brine from both sites will reach Skiatook Lake. Results at the 'A' site show that the salts have essentially been removed from the sandy soil which formed in a surficial layer of eolian sand, but degraded and weathered oil persists on the surface of old oil and brine pits, close to sites of old tanks, on old channels that carried oil from tanks to the oil pits and other impacted areas. Results also show a plume of high salinity water (5,000-30,600 mg/L TDS) is present at intermediate depths that extend from below the old oil and brine pits to Skiatook Lake. No liquid petroleum was found in the contaminated groundwater, but soluble petroleum byproducts, including organic acid anions and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present. Results to date clearly show that significant amounts of salts from produced-water releases and petroleum hydrocarbons still remain in the soils and rocks of the impacted area after more than 60 years of natural attenuation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri034260","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., and Otton, J.K., 2003, Environmental impacts of petroleum production--Initial results from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research Sites, Osage County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4260, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri034260.","productDescription":"155 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3971,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri034260/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Osage 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Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":47450,"text":"wri024190 - 2003 - Surface-Water Quality of the Skokomish, Nooksack, and Green-Duwamish Rivers and Thornton Creek, Puget Sound Basin, Washington, 1995-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:38","indexId":"wri024190","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4190","title":"Surface-Water Quality of the Skokomish, Nooksack, and Green-Duwamish Rivers and Thornton Creek, Puget Sound Basin, Washington, 1995-98","docAbstract":"Streamflow and surface-water-quality data were collected from November 1995 through April 1998 (water years 1996-98) from a surface-water network in the Puget Sound Basin study unit of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program. Water samples collected monthly and during storm runoff events were analyzed for nutrients, major ions, organic carbon, and suspended sediment, and at selected sites, samples were analyzed for pesticides and volatile organic compounds. Eleven sites were established in three major watersheds--two in the Skokomish River Basin, three in the Nooksack River Basin, five in the Green-Duwamish River Basin, and one site in Thornton Creek Basin, a small tributary to Lake Washington. The Skokomish River near Potlatch, Nooksack River at Brennan, and Duwamish River at Tukwila are integrators of mixed land uses with the sampling sites locally influenced by forestry practices, agriculture, and urbanization, respectively. The remaining eight sites are indicators of relatively homogeneous land use/land cover in their basins. The site on the North Fork Skokomish River is an indicator site chosen to measure reference or background conditions in the study unit. In the Nooksack River Basin, the site on Fishtrap Creek is an indicator of agriculture, and the Nooksack River at North Cedarville is an indicator site of forestry practices in the upper watershed. In the Green-Duwamish River Basin, Springbrook Creek is an urban indicator, Big Soos Creek is an indicator of a rapidly developing suburban basin; Newaukum Creek is an indicator of agriculture; and the Green River above Twin Camp Creek is an indicator of forestry practices. Thornton Creek is an indicator of high-density urban residential and commercial development.\r\n\r\nConditions during the first 18 months of sampling were dominated by above-normal precipitation. For the Seattle-Tacoma area, water year 1997 was the wettest of the 3 years during the sample-collection period. Nearly 52 inches fell (about 14 inches above average) and monthly precipitation was often 200 percent of normal. The wet years kept streamflows generally above normal and contributed to high concentrations of pesticides, nutrients, suspended sediment, and organic carbon in samples.\r\n\r\nOn the basis of chemical concentrations, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and water temperature, the relative quality of water among the 11 study sites ranged from exceptionally high in the North Fork Skokomish and the Green to fair in Springbrook and Thornton. Water in the large rivers (Skokomish, Nooksack, Green-Duwamish) and in two of the small streams in the Puget Sound Lowlands (Big Soos and Newaukum) was characterized by dilute water chemistry with dissolved solids concentrations less than 130 milligrams per liter. Water in three other small streams in the Lowlands (Fishtrap, Springbrook, and Thornton) had dissolved solids concentrations as high as 320 milligrams per liter. Nutrient and pesticide concentrations mostly were higher in the small streams than in the large rivers. Suspended-sediment concentrations, however, were highest in the large rivers, with averages ranging from 85 to 443 milligrams per liter. During storm and flood events, suspended-sediment concentrations in samples from the Nooksack were as much as 2,800 milligrams per liter, and from the Skokomish, 1,500 milligrams per liter.\r\n\r\nOut of 86 pesticides and 86 volatile organic compounds analyzed, a total of 35 pesticides and 11 volatile organic compounds were detected at concentrations above laboratory reporting levels in samples collected from the four intensively studied sites, the lower Nooksack River, Duwamish River, Fishtrap Creek, and Thornton Creek. Herbicides were detected more frequently than insecticides. The herbicide prometon was detected in 66 percent of all 124 samples collected, followed by simazine (65 percent), atrazine (64 percent), and the insecticide diazinon (50 percent). The detected volatile organic c","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024190","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., and Frans, L., 2003, Surface-Water Quality of the Skokomish, Nooksack, and Green-Duwamish Rivers and Thornton Creek, Puget Sound Basin, Washington, 1995-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4190, 199 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024190.","productDescription":"199 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3981,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024190/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae6e4b07f02db68b4e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, L.M.","contributorId":74803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":51978,"text":"wri20034207 - 2003 - Evaluation of Streamflow, Water Quality, and Permitted and Nonpermitted Loads and Yields in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, Water Years 1991-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wri20034207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4207","title":"Evaluation of Streamflow, Water Quality, and Permitted and Nonpermitted Loads and Yields in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, Water Years 1991-98","docAbstract":"Seventeen water-quality constituents were analyzed in samples collected from 21 surface-water sampling sites in the Raritan River Basin during water years 1991-97. Loads were computed for seven constituents. Thirteen constituents have associated instream water-quality standards that are used as reference levels when evaluating the data. Nine of the 13 constituents did not meet water-quality reference levels in all samples at all sites. The constituents that most commonly failed to meet the water-quality reference levels in the 801 samples analyzed were total phosphorus (greater than 0.1 mg/L (milligrams per liter) in 32 percent of samples), fecal coliform bacteria (greater than 400 counts/100 milliliters in 29 percent), hardness (less than 50 mg/L in 21 percent), pH (greater than 8.5 or less than 6.5 in 17 percent), and water temperature in designated trout waters (greater than 20 degrees Celsius in 12 percent of samples). Concentrations of chloride, total dissolved solids, nitrate plus nitrite, and sulfate did not exceed water-quality reference levels in any sample. Results from previous studies on pesticides and volatile organic compounds in streamwater during 1996-98, and organic compounds and trace elements in sediments during 1976-93, were summarized for this study. Concentrations of pesticides in some samples exceeded the relevant standards. \r\n\r\nWater-quality data varied significantly as season and streamflow changed. Concentrations or values of 12 constituents were significantly higher in the growing season than in the nongrowing season at 1 to 21 sites, and concentrations of 6 constituents were significantly higher in the nongrowing season at 1 to 21 sites. Concentrations or values of seven constituents decreased significantly with increased streamflow, indicating a more significant contribution from base flow or permitted sources than from runoff. Concentrations or values of four constituents increased with increased flow, indicating a more significant contribution from runoff than from base flow or permitted sources. Phosphorus concentrations increased with flow at two sites with no point sources and decreased with flow at five sites with four or more permitted point sources. Concentrations of five constituents did not vary significantly with changes in streamflow at any of the sites. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of constituents differed significantly between sites. The sites with the most desirable values for the most constituents were Mulhockaway Creek, Spruce Run, Millstone River at Manalapan, Manalapan Brook, and Lamington River at Pottersville. The sites with the least desirable values for the most constituents were Millstone River at Blackwells Mills, Matchaponix Brook, Raritan River at Bound Brook, Neshanic River, and Millstone River at Grovers Mill. \r\n\r\nThe total instream loads of seven constituents - total ammonia plus organic nitrogen (TKN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate plus nitrite (NO3+NO2), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus, and total suspended solids (TSS) - were analyzed at low, median, and high flows. The quantities of total instream load that originated from facilities with permits issued by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to discharge effluent to streams (permitted sources) and from other sources (nonpermitted sources) were estimated for each sampling site. TOC and TSS loads primarily were contributed by nonpermitted sources at all flows. BOD and TDS loads primarily were contributed by nonpermitted sources at median and high flows. At low flow, permitted sources contributed more than one-third of the TDS load at 10 sites and more than one-third of the BOD load at 3 sites. Permitted sources contributed more than one-third of the total phosphorus load at 15 and 14 sites at low and median flows, respectively. Permitted sources accounted for more than one-third of total instream load of NO3+NO2 at low- and median-flow conditions at nearly ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20034207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Water Supply Authority","usgsCitation":"Reiser, R.G., 2003, Evaluation of Streamflow, Water Quality, and Permitted and Nonpermitted Loads and Yields in the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, Water Years 1991-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4207, xii, 210 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034207.","productDescription":"xii, 210 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1990-10-01","temporalEnd":"1997-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":178877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12679,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.16666666666667,40 ], [ -75.16666666666667,41 ], [ -74,41 ], [ -74,40 ], [ -75.16666666666667,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f8626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reiser, Robert G. 0000-0001-5140-2745 rreiser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5140-2745","contributorId":4083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"Robert","email":"rreiser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":244594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56954,"text":"wri20034259 - 2003 - Review of Selected References and Data sets on Ambient Ground- and Surface-Water Quality in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek Basins, New Jersey, 1980-2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:17","indexId":"wri20034259","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-4259","title":"Review of Selected References and Data sets on Ambient Ground- and Surface-Water Quality in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek Basins, New Jersey, 1980-2001","docAbstract":"Surface water and ground water from unconfined aquifers are the primary sources of drinking water for much of the population, about 391,000, in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek watersheds in the New Jersey Coastal Plain. The quality of these sources of drinking water is a concern because they are vulnerable to contamination. Indications of the occurrence, distribution, and likely sources and transport mechanisms of certain contaminants were obtained from 48 selected reports and 2 selected data sets on water quality in or near the watersheds (1980-2001). These indications are described and briefly summarized in this report.\r\n\r\nThe findings of studies on ground-water quality indicate that shallow ground water within the study area generally meets primary drinking-water standards, with notable exceptions. Volatile organic compounds, mercury, arsenic, radionuclides, nitrate, and coliform bacteria have been detected in shallow ground water in some areas at levels that exceed Federal and State drinking-water standards. For example, results of analyses of untreated samples collected from more than 13,000 private wells during 1983-99 indicated that concentrations of volatile organic compounds in samples from 7.3 percent of the wells exceeded at least 1 of 11 drinking-water standards, according to records maintained by the Ocean County Health Department. In cases of exceedances, however, water treatment, well replacement, and (or) retesting assured that applicable drinking-water standards were being met at the tap. Reported concentrations of the pesticide chlordane in some areas exceeded the drinking-water standard; few data are available on the occurrence of other pesticides. Studies of nearby areas, however, indicate that pesticide concentrations generally could be expected to be below drinking-water standards. The combination of low pH and low dissolved solids in many areas results in shallow ground water that is highly corrosive and, if untreated, able to leach trace elements and release asbestos fibers from plumbing materials. \r\n\r\nReported concentrations of nitrate, volatile organic compounds, trace elements, and pesticides in samples from the monitored mainstem and tributary streams within the study area generally are below maximum contaminant levels for drinking water or below detection limits. Results of studies in other areas indicate that pesticide concentrations in surface water could be considerably higher during high flows soon after the application of pesticides to crops than during low flows. Fecal coliform bacteria counts in streams vary considerably. Concentrations or counts of these classes of surface-water-quality constituents likely are functions of the intensity and type of upstream development. Results of limited monitoring for radionuclide concentrations reported by the Brick Township Municipal Utilities Authority of the Metedeconk River indicate that radionuclide concentrations or activities do not exceed maximum contaminant levels for drinking water. As a consequence of organic matter in surface water, the formati ultraviolet absorbance in samples from the Metedeconk River and the Toms River exceeded the alternative compliance criteria for source water (2.0 milligrams per liter for total organic carbon and 0.02 absorbance units-liters per milligram-centimeter for specific ultraviolet absorbance) with respect to treatment requirements for preventing elevated concentrations of disinfection by-products in treated water.\r\n\r\nWater-quality and treatment issues associated with use of ground and surface water for potable supply in the study area are related to human activities and naturally occurring factors. Additional monitoring and analysis of ground and surface water would be needed to determine conclusively the occurrence and distribution of some contaminants and the relative importance of various potential contaminant sources, transport and attenuation mechanisms, and transport pathways.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20034259","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, R.S., Hunchak-Kariouk, K., and Cauller, S.J., 2003, Review of Selected References and Data sets on Ambient Ground- and Surface-Water Quality in the Metedeconk River, Toms River, and Kettle Creek Basins, New Jersey, 1980-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2003-4259, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20034259.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":185336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12148,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri03-4259/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.58333333333333,39.833333333333336 ], [ -74.58333333333333,40.25 ], [ -74,40.25 ], [ -74,39.833333333333336 ], [ -74.58333333333333,39.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db6041ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":255977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn","contributorId":41448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunchak-Kariouk","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":255979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cauller, Stephen J. 0000-0002-1823-8813 sjcaulle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1823-8813","contributorId":3641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cauller","given":"Stephen","email":"sjcaulle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":255978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211186,"text":"5211186 - 2002 - Toxicological assessment of aquatic ecosystems: application to watercraft contaminants in shallow water environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5211186","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Toxicological assessment of aquatic ecosystems: application to watercraft contaminants in shallow water environments","docAbstract":"Recreational boating and personal watercraft use have the potential to adversely impact shallow water systems through contaminant release and physical disturbance of bottom sediments. These nearshore areas are often already degraded by surface runoff, municipal and industrial effluents, and other anthropogenic activities. For proper management, information is needed on the level of contamination and environmental quality of these systems. A number of field and laboratory procedures can be used to provide this much needed information. Contaminants, such as metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, entering aquatic environments generally attach to particulate matter that eventually settles and becomes incorporated into the bottom sediments. Because bottom sediments serve as a sink and as a source for contaminants, environmental assessments generally focus on this matrix. While contaminant residues in sediments and sediment pore waters can reflect environmental quality, characteristics of sediment (redox potential, sediment/pore-water chemistry, acid volatile sulfides, percent organic matter, and sediment particle size) influence their bioavailability and make interpretation of environmental significance difficult. Comparisons of contaminant concentrations in pore water (interstitial water) and sediment with water quality criteria and sediment quality guidelines, respectively, can provide insight into potential biological effects. Laboratory bioaccumulation studies and residue concentrations in resident or caged biota also yield information on potential biological impacts. The usefulness of these measurements may increase as data are developed relating in-situ concentrations, tissue residue levels, and biological responses. Exposure of test organisms in situ or to field-collected sediment and pore water are additional procedures that can be used to assess the biological effects of contaminants. A battery of tests using multi-species and/or various life stages with different sensitivities to contaminants may offer a more conservative assessment of toxicity than single species testing. Using a ?weight of evidence? approach, the Sediment Quality Trial produces a robust evaluation of habitat quality and includes a measure of contaminant concentrations in the sediment, an assessment of sediment/pore-water toxicity to laboratory animals, and an evaluation of in situ biological assemblages. Field and laboratory procedures are available that can be used to ascertain habitat quality, identify contaminants causing environmental degradation and delineate aquatic systems requiring mitigation of protective efforts. These studies provide the scientific data that are integral to developing an environmental risk assessment of contaminants from watercraft use in shallow water systems.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts of Motorized Watercraft on Shallow Estuarine and Coastal Marine Environments.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","collaboration":"See URL for ordering location.","usgsCitation":"Winger, P.V., 2002, Toxicological assessment of aquatic ecosystems: application to watercraft contaminants in shallow water environments, chap. of Impacts of Motorized Watercraft on Shallow Estuarine and Coastal Marine Environments., p. 179-191.","productDescription":"202","startPage":"179","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"202","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627f03","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kemmish, Michael J.","contributorId":111600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kemmish","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":52912,"text":"wri024294 - 2002 - Quality of shallow ground water in recently developed residential and commercial areas, Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, 1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:45","indexId":"wri024294","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4294","title":"Quality of shallow ground water in recently developed residential and commercial areas, Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, 1997","docAbstract":"Twenty-four monitor wells screened in the shallow water-table aquifer and eight monitor wells screened in the upper part of the Memphis aquifer in the Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, were sampled as part of the Mississippi Embayment National Water-Quality Assessment Program. These samples were collected during April and May 1997, and were analyzed for turbidity, water temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen concentration, alkalinity, major ions, nutrients, 18 trace elements, 85 pesticides, 87 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radioisotopes, and stable isotopes. The Memphis study area consists of 76 square miles of residential-commercial areas ranging in age from 5 to 25 years.\r\n\r\nAtrazine was the only compound in this study detected at a concentration that exceeded a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water standard. Manganese, iron, and dissolved solids concentrations in water from some wells exceeded secondary standards. At least one pesticide was detected in water from 24 of 32 wells. The most frequently detected pesticides in water from the monitor wells were atrazine, simazine, and metolachlor. At least one VOC was detected in water from 31 of 32 wells. The most frequently detected VOCs in water from the wells were carbon disulfide, chloroform, m- and pxylenes, tetrachloroethene, and toluene.\r\n\r\nWater from 17 wells was a sodium bicarbonate type water; water from 12 wells was a calciummagnesium bicarbonate type water; water from 2 wells was a sodium chloride type water; water from 1 well was a sodium mixed anion type water. Based on both tritium and chlorofluorocarbon data, the average age of water from the monitor wells in the Memphis study area was estimated to range from 10 to more than 43 years old. Occurrence of VOCs increased with increasing urban land use.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024294","usgsCitation":"Gonthier, G., 2002, Quality of shallow ground water in recently developed residential and commercial areas, Memphis vicinity, Tennessee, 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4294, x, 105 p. : ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024294.","productDescription":"x, 105 p. : ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5002,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ms.water.usgs.gov/publications/WRIR_02_4294.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":174810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8ee4b07f02db654a13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonthier, Gerard 0000-0003-4078-8579 gonthier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-8579","contributorId":3141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonthier","given":"Gerard ","email":"gonthier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":246215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45084,"text":"wri20024188 - 2002 - Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas — Surface-water quality, shallow ground-water quality, and factors affecting water quality in the Rincon Valley, south-central New Mexico, 1994-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T22:21:31.176964","indexId":"wri20024188","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4188","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas — Surface-water quality, shallow ground-water quality, and factors affecting water quality in the Rincon Valley, south-central New Mexico, 1994-95","docAbstract":"As part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, surface-water and ground-water samples were collected in 1994 and 1995 for analysis of common constituents, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, trace elements, radioactivity, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides to characterize surface water quality and shallow ground-water quality and to determine factors affecting water quality in the Rincon Valley, south-central New Mexico. Samples of surface water were collected from three sites on the Rio Grande and from sites on three agricultural drains in the Rincon Valley in January 1994 and 1995, April 1994, and October 1994Ground-water samples were collected in late April and early May 1994 from 30 shallow wells that were installed during the investigation.
Dissolved-solids concentrations in surface water ranged from 434 to 1,510 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Dissolved-solids concentrations were smallest in water from the Rio Grande below Caballo Dam and largest in the drains. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 3.3 mg/L as nitrogen, and ammonia concentrations ranged from less than 0.015 to 0.33 mg/L as nitrogen in surface-water samples.
Trace-element concentrations in surface water were significantly smaller than the acute-fisheries standards. One or more pesticides were detected in 34 of 37 surface-water samples. DCPA (dacthal) and metolachlor were the most commonly detected pesticides. No standards have been established for the pesticides analyzed for in this study.
Dissolved-solids concentrations in shallow ground water ranged from 481 to 3,630 mg/L. All but 2 of 30 samples exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level for dissolved solids of 500 mg/L. Water from about 73 percent of the wells sampled exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level of 250 mg/L for sulfate, and water from about 7 percent of the wells sampled exceeded the secondary maximum contaminant level of 250 mg/L for chloride. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.05 to 33 mg/L as nitrogen in shallow ground water. Water from about 17 percent of the well samples exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L as nitrogen for nitrite plus nitrate.
Trace-element concentrations in shallow ground water generally were small (1 to 10 micrograms per liter)The proposed maximum contaminant level of 20 micrograms per liter for uranium was exceeded in about 13 percent of the samples. The secondary maximum contaminant level of 300 micrograms per liter for iron was exceeded in about 17 percent of the samples and of 50 micrograms per liter for manganese was exceeded in about 83 percent of the samples. Samples from about 23 percent of the wells exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 15 picocuries per liter for gross alpha activity.
One or more pesticides were detected in water from 12 of 30 wells sampled. The pesticides or pesticide metabolites diazinon, metolachlor, napropamide, p,p’-DDE, and prometon were detected in one or more samples. Metolachlor and prometon were the most commonly detected pesticides. Health advisories for the pesticides detected in shallow ground water (no maximum contaminant levels have been established for the pesticides detected) are 10 to 300 times larger than the concentrations detected.
Infiltration, evaporation, and transpiration of irrigation water are important factors affecting the concentrations of common constituents in shallow ground water in the Rincon Valley. Dissolution and precipitation of minerals and mixing of shallow ground water and inflow of ground water from adjacent areas also affect the composition of shallow ground water and water in the drains.
Relatively large nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in several shallow ground-water samples indicate leaching of fertilizers in some areas of the Rincon Valley. Molybdenum and uranium concentrations in part of the Rincon Valley are affected by inflow of ground water to the valley from adjacent areas. A large amount of the gross alpha activity in shallow ground water is from uranium isotopes. Gross beta activity increases with dissolved potassium, indicating that part of the dissolved gross beta activity is from potassium-40.
The detection of a larger number of different pesticides in surface water than in ground water indicates that pesticides are entering surface water as runoff from fields or that the number of ground-water samples collected and the time of year that the samples were collected did not adequately represent the composition of ground water in the Rincon Valley that discharges to the drains.
On the basis of pesticide concentrations detected in shallow ground water in the Rincon Valley, large amounts of the pesticides analyzed for are not leaching from land surface into ground water. There is some indication that several pesticides are leaching downward into shallow ground water (metolachlor and prometon especially); however, the concentrations detected in shallow ground water are significantly smaller than any standards or health advisories issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20024188","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the New Mexico Environment Department","usgsCitation":"Anderholm, S.K., 2002, Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas — Surface-water quality, shallow ground-water quality, and factors affecting water quality in the Rincon Valley, south-central New Mexico, 1994-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4188, vii, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024188.","productDescription":"vii, 117 p.","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":10814,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri02-4188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54165.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rincon Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.3333,\n 32.5583\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 32.8986\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 32.8986\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 32.5583\n ],\n [\n -107.3333,\n 32.5583\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd00c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":94270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44599,"text":"wri024079 - 2002 - A National survey of methyl tert-butyl ether and other volatile organic compounds in drinking-water sources: Results of the random source-water survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-16T10:41:17","indexId":"wri024079","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4079","displayTitle":"A National survey of methyl tert-butyl ether and other volatile organic compounds in drinking-water sources: Results of the random source-water survey","title":"A National survey of methyl tert-butyl ether and other volatile organic compounds in drinking-water sources: Results of the random source-water survey","docAbstract":"Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was detected in source water used by 8.7 percent of randomly selected community water systems (CWSs) in the United States at concentrations that ranged from 0.2 to 20 micrograms per liter (μg/L). The Random Survey conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California and the Oregon Health & Science University, was designed to provide an assessment of the frequency of detection, concentration, and distribution of MTBE, three other ether gasoline oxygenates, and 62 other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground- and surface-water sources used for drinking-water supplies. The Random Survey was the first of two components of a national assessment of the quality of source water supplying CWSs sponsored by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation. A total of 954 CWSs were selected for VOC sampling from the population of nearly 47,000 active, self-supplied CWSs in all 50 States, Native American Lands, and Puerto Rico based on a statistical design that stratified on CWS size (population served), type of source water (ground and surface water), and geographic distribution (State).
At a reporting level of 0.2 μg/L, VOCs were detected in 27 percent of source-water samples collected from May 3, 1999 through October 23, 2000. Chloroform (in 13 percent of samples) was the most frequently detected of 42 VOCs present in the source-water samples, followed by MTBE. VOC concentrations were generally less than 10 μg/L 95 percent of the 530 detections and 63 percent were less than 1.0 μg/L. Concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, vinyl chloride, and total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), however, exceeded drinking-water regulations in eight samples.
Detections of most VOCs were more frequent in surface-water sources than in ground-water sources, with gasoline compounds collectively and MTBE individually detected significantly more often in surface water. Use of personal and commercial motorized watercraft on surface-water bodies that are drinking-water sources is probably the reason for the elevated detections of gasoline contaminants relative to ground water. MTBE detections demonstrated a seasonal pattern with more frequent detections in surface water in summer months, which is consistent with seasonal watercraft use.
The detection frequency of most VOCs was significantly related to urban land use and population density. Detections of any VOC, non-trihalo-methane compounds, gasoline compounds collectively, the specific gasoline compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), MTBE, solvents, and refrigerants were significantly greater in areas with more than 60 percent urban land use and (or) population density greater than 1,000 people per square mile than in source waters from less urbanized or lower population-density areas. MTBE detections were five times more frequent in source waters from areas with high MTBE use than in source waters from low or no MTBE use, but, unlike other gasoline compounds, MTBE detections were not significantly related to the density of gasoline storage tanks near drinking-water sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri024079","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,the Oregon Health & Science University, and the American Water Works Association Research Foundation","usgsCitation":"Grady, S.J., 2002, A National survey of methyl tert-butyl ether and other volatile organic compounds in drinking-water sources: Results of the random source-water survey (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4079, viii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024079.","productDescription":"viii, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354175,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4079/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":354176,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2002/4079/wrir20024079.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.99 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2002–4079"}],"edition":"Online Version 1.0","contact":"Director, Dakota Water Science Center, South Dakota Office
U.S. Geological Survey
1608 Mountain View Road
Rapid City, SD 57702