Studies by Russian scientists have documented significant alterations and impairment of critical behavioral functions in aquatic organisms following exposure to environmental contaminants. Behavioral responses disrupted by sublethal exposure to toxicants are intimately involved in habitat selection, foraging, competition, predator-prey relationships, and reproduction, and are essential to survival. Behavioral responses of benthic invertebrates have received considerable study in Russia. A range of invertebrate taxa have been studied, including leeches, insects, molluscs, plankton, and crustaceans. In addition, aquatic invertebrates exhibit a large number of behavioral responses which are sensitive to contaminant exposure and are easily quantified. Standardized behavioral methodologies for measuring contaminant effects are being developed.
Fishing gear alters seafloor habitats, but the extent of these alterations, and their effects, have not been quantified extensively in the northwest Atlantic. Understanding the extent of these impacts, and their effects on populations of living marine resources, is needed to properly manage current and future levels of fishing effort and fishing power. For example, the entire U.S. side of the Gulf of Maine was impacted annually by mobile fishing gear between 1984 and 1990, based on calculations of area swept by trawl and dredge gear. Georges Bank was imparted three to nearly four times annually during the same period.
Studies at three sites in the Gulf of Maine (off Swans Island, Jeffreys Bank, and Stellwagen Bank) showed that mobile fishing gear altered the physical structure (=complexity) of benthic habitats. Complexity was reduced by direct removal of biogenic (e.g., sponges, hydrozoans, bryozoans, amphipod tubes, holothurians, shell aggregates) and‐ sedimentary (e.g., sand waves, depressions) structures. Also, removal of organisms that create.structures (e.g., crabs, scallops) indirectly reduced complexity. Reductions in habitat complexity may lead to increased predation on juveniles of harvested species and ultimately recruitment to the harvestable stock. Because of a lack of reference sites, where use of mobile fishing is prohibited, no empirical studies have yet been conducted on a scale that could demonstrate population level effects of habitat‐management options. If marine fisheries management is to evolve toward an ecosystem or habitat management approach, experiments are required on the effects of habitat change, both anthropogenic and natural.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641269609388584","issn":"10641262","usgsCitation":"Auster, P., Malatesta, R., Langton, R., Watling, L., Valentine, P.C., Donaldson, C., Langton, E., Shepard, A., and Babb, I.G., 1996, The impacts of mobile fishing gear on seafloor habitats in the Gulf of Maine (Northwest Atlantic): Implications for conservation of fish populations: Reviews in Fisheries Science, v. 4, no. 2, p. 185-202, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641269609388584.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"202","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229045,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacf0e4b08c986b323865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auster, P.J.","contributorId":99323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auster","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malatesta, R.J.","contributorId":97659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malatesta","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langton, R.W.","contributorId":90895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Watling, Les","contributorId":54755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watling","given":"Les","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":377736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Valentine, P. C.","contributorId":46505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donaldson, C.L.S.","contributorId":13766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donaldson","given":"C.L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Langton, E.W.","contributorId":96852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langton","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shepard, A.N.","contributorId":72546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Babb, Ivar G.","contributorId":12223,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babb","given":"Ivar","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13162,"text":"NOAA National Undersea Research Center, The University of Connecticut at Avery ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":377733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70177035,"text":"70177035 - 1996 - A two-step experimental design for a sediment bioassay using growth of the amphipod Hyalella azteca for the test end point","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-17T10:13:34","indexId":"70177035","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A two-step experimental design for a sediment bioassay using growth of the amphipod Hyalella azteca for the test end point","docAbstract":"We designed a sediment bioassay using 25% growth inhibition of Hyalella azteca as the end point.Hyalella azteca exhibits size-specific fecundity, so growth is a surrogate of reproductive production. We investigated density effects on growth to address whether crowding could affect test interpretation; amphipods in 14,000/m2 exposures were 16 to 20% smaller than those at 7,000/m2. Using power analysis, we found that 20 to 25 samples are required to determine significance when α = 0.10 and 1 − β = 0.90. To minimize the need for laboratory resources, we designed a two-step (screening and confirmatory) bioassay, which we tested with field-collected sediments. The screening bioassay compared 11 sediments to a reference. Three sediments were “toxic” (significant growth inhibition when 1 − β = 0.66 and n = 5), five sediments were “nontoxic” (>90% of reference), and three sediments were “possibly toxic” (growth inhibition was insignificant). In the confirmatory bioassay, three possibly toxic and two nontoxic samples were reevaluated. Two were toxic (1 − β = 0.91 and n = 20), and the remaining four samples were nontoxic. In summary, five sediments were toxic and six sediments were nontoxic. The two-step analysis used minimal laboratory resources but maximized statistical power, where needed, to discriminate growth effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620151020","usgsCitation":"Kubitz, J.A., Besser, J.M., and Giesy, J.P., 1996, A two-step experimental design for a sediment bioassay using growth of the amphipod Hyalella azteca for the test end point: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 10, p. 1783-1792, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620151020.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1783","endPage":"1792","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5805e34fe4b0824b2d1c24ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kubitz, Jody A.","contributorId":175430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kubitz","given":"Jody","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giesy, John P.","contributorId":57426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giesy","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017836,"text":"70017836 - 1996 - Sediment mass-flow processes on a depositional lobe, outer Mississippi Fan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T13:21:24","indexId":"70017836","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment mass-flow processes on a depositional lobe, outer Mississippi Fan","docAbstract":"SeaMARC 1A sidescan-sonar imagery and cores from the distal reaches of a depositional lobe on the Mississippi Fan show that channelized mass flow was the dominant mechanism for transport of silt and sand during the formation of this part of the fan. Sediments in these flows were rapidly deposited once outside of their confining channels. The mass flows most likely originated from slope failure at the head of the Mississippi Canyon or on the outer continental shelf and flowed approximately 500 km to the distal reaches of the fan, with debris flow being the dominant flow type.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1306/D426843C-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schwab, W.C., Lee, H., Twichell, D., Locat, J., Nelson, C., McArthur, W., and Kenyon, N.H., 1996, Sediment mass-flow processes on a depositional lobe, outer Mississippi Fan: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 66, no. 5, p. 916-927, https://doi.org/10.1306/D426843C-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"916","endPage":"927","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 25.839449402063185\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -93.42773437499999,\n 25.839449402063185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8999e4b08c986b316e36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwab, W. C.","contributorId":78740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, H.J.","contributorId":96693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Locat, J.","contributorId":56392,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Locat","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25484,"text":"Université Laval, Québec City, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":377699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McArthur, W.G.","contributorId":38727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArthur","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70177023,"text":"70177023 - 1996 - A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T14:24:14","indexId":"70177023","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems","docAbstract":"Sediment quality assessment values were developed using a weight of evidence approach in which matching biological and chemical data from numerous modelling, laboratory, and field studies performed on freshwater sediments were compiled and analyzed. Two assessment values (a threshold effect level (TEL) and a probable effect level(PEL)) were derived for 23 substances, including eight trace metals, six individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and eight pesticides. The two values defined three ranges of chemical concentrations; those that were (1) rarely, (2) occasionally, and (3) frequently associated with adverse biological effects. An evaluation of the percent incidence of adverse biological effects within the three concentration ranges indicated that the reliability of the TELs (i.e., the degree to which the TELs represent concentrations within the data set below which adverse effects rarely occur) was consistently good. However, this preliminary evaluation indicated that most of the PELs were less reliable (i.e., they did not adequately represent concentrations within the data set above which adverse effects frequently occur). Nonetheless, these values were often comparable to other biological effects-based assessment values (which were themselves reliable), which increased the level of confidence that could be placed in our values. This method is being used as a basis for developing national sediment quality guidelines for freshwater systems in Canada and sediment effect concentrations as part of the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (ARCS) program in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70985-1","usgsCitation":"Smith, S.L., MacDonald, D., Keenleyside, K.A., Ingersoll, C.G., and Field, L.J., 1996, A preliminary evaluation of sediment quality assessment values for freshwater ecosystems: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 3, p. 624-638, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70985-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"624","endPage":"638","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5801eebfe4b0824b2d18c435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Sherri L.","contributorId":175399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Sherri","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacDonald, Donald D.","contributorId":49911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Donald D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keenleyside, Karen A.","contributorId":175400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keenleyside","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, L. Jay","contributorId":87032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jay","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70017823,"text":"70017823 - 1996 - The effects of liming an Adirondack lake watershed on downstream water chemistry: Effects of liming on stream chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T16:04:31.118143","indexId":"70017823","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effects of liming an Adirondack lake watershed on downstream water chemistry: Effects of liming on stream chemistry","docAbstract":"Calcite treatment of chronically acidic lakes has improved fish habitat, but the effects on downstream water quality have not previously been examined. In this study, the spatial and temporal effects of watershed CaCO3 treatment on the chemistry of a lake outlet stream in the Adirondack Mountains of New York were examined. Before CaCO3 treatment, the stream was chronically acidic. During spring snowmelt before treatment, pH and acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) in the outlet stream declined, and NO −3 and inorganic monomeric aluminum (AlIM) concentrations increased sharply. During that summer, SO −4 and NO −3 concentrations decreased downstream, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and ANC increased, in association with the seasonal increase in decomposition of organic matter and the attendant SO −4 -reduction process. A charge-balance ANC calculation closely matched measured downstream changes in ANC in the summer and indicated that SO −4 reduction was the major process contributing to summer increases in ANC. Increases in Ca2+ concentration and ANC began immediately after CaCO3 application, and within 3 months, exceeded their pretreatment values by more than 130 μeq/L. Within 2 months after treatment, downstream decreases in Ca2+ concentration, ANC, and pH, were noted. Stream mass balances between the lake and the sampling site 1.5 km downstream revealed that the transport of all chemical constituents was dominated by conservative mixing with tributaries and ground water; however, non-conservative processes resulted in significant Ca2+ losses during the 13-month period after CaCO3 treatment. Comparison of substrate samples from the buffered outlet stream with those from its untreated tributaries showed that the percentage of cation-exchange sites occupied by Ca2+ as well as non-exchangeable Ca, were higher in the outlet-stream substrate than in tributary-stream substrate. Mass-balance data for Ca2+ H+, AlIM, and DOC revealed net downstream losses of these constituents and indicated that a reasonable set of hypothesized reactions involving AlIM, HCO −3 , Ca2+, SO −4 NO −3 , and DOC could have caused the measured changes in stream acid/base chemistry. In the summer, the sharp decrease in ANC continued despite significant downstream decreases in SO4 2− concentrations. After CaCO3 treatment, reduction of SO −4 was only a minor contributor to ANC changes relative to those caused by Ca2+ dilution from acidic tributaries and acidic ground water, and Ca2+ interactions with stream substrate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02187145","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., 1996, The effects of liming an Adirondack lake watershed on downstream water chemistry: Effects of liming on stream chemistry: Biogeochemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 339-362, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187145.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"362","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab8be4b08c986b322eeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017837,"text":"70017837 - 1996 - Relative sea-level changes during Middle Ordovician through Mississippian deposition in the Iowa area, North American craton","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017837","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3005,"text":"Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: views from the North American craton","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relative sea-level changes during Middle Ordovician through Mississippian deposition in the Iowa area, North American craton","docAbstract":"The Tippecanoe and Kaskaskia cratonic megasequences in the Iowa area are subdivided into a succession of third-order transgressive-regressive (T-R) depositional cycles of ~1 to 3 m.y. duration. Cratonic deposition in the Iowa area is categorized into two broad-scale facies groupings, each dominated by shallowing-upward patterns: 1) an inner shelf with shallow subtidal to peritidal facies, and 2) a middle shelf dominated by subtidal facies. Relative changes in sea level, as documented in the cycles, are considered primarily to reflect eustatic patterns, but local variations in subsidence history and sedimentation rates complicate interpretations of the eustatic signal. Minor modification of certain sequence stratigraphic paradigms that were developed originally for continental margin settings is suggested for application to the Iowa cratonic cycles.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: views from the North American craton","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America; Special Paper","publisherLocation":"306","usgsCitation":"Witzke, B., and Bunker, B., 1996, Relative sea-level changes during Middle Ordovician through Mississippian deposition in the Iowa area, North American craton: Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy: views from the North American craton, p. 307-330.","startPage":"307","endPage":"330","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa692e4b0c8380cd84f1e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Witzke B.J.","contributorId":128402,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Witzke B.J.","id":536381,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Witzke, B.J.","contributorId":12976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witzke","given":"B.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bunker, B.J.","contributorId":15778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunker","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017822,"text":"70017822 - 1996 - Proposed criteria for recognizing intrastratal deformation features in marine high resolution seismic reflection profiles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T17:03:50.558107","indexId":"70017822","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proposed criteria for recognizing intrastratal deformation features in marine high resolution seismic reflection profiles","docAbstract":"Intrastratal deformation of marine strata is ordinarily recorded in high-resolution seismic reflection profiles as acoustically transparent or “chaotic” intervals marked by hyperbolic echoes. Intrastratal deformation is easily confused with buried slump or slide deposits formed initially at the sea floor. Correct identification of intrastratal deformation depends on the presence of a warped continuously reflective layer overlying a chaotic/transparent layer. Decollement is the key criterion for identification in seismic reflection profiles. Other criteria include intrusive structures or faults rooted in a chaotic/transparent layer and thickening and thinning of a chaotic/transparent layer with transitions to reflective intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01245561","usgsCitation":"O’Leary, D.W., and Laine, E., 1996, Proposed criteria for recognizing intrastratal deformation features in marine high resolution seismic reflection profiles: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 16, no. 4, p. 305-312, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245561.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228675,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f34e4b0c8380cd7f619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":91501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laine, E.","contributorId":101401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laine","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017821,"text":"70017821 - 1996 - An approach for using AVHRR data to monitor U.S. great plains grasslands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T13:54:00","indexId":"70017821","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for using AVHRR data to monitor U.S. great plains grasslands","docAbstract":"Environmental monitoring requires regular observations regarding the status of the landscape- The concept behind most monitoring efforts using satellite data involve deriving normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values or accumulating the NDVI over a specified time period. These efforts attempt to estimate the continuous growth of green biomass by using continuous additions of NDVI as a surrogate measure. To build upon this concept, this study proposes three refinements; 1) use an objective definition of the current growing season to adjust the time window during which the NDVI is accumulated, 2) accumulate only the NDVI values which are affected by green vegetation, and 3) base monitoring units upon land cover type. 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