{"pageNumber":"3804","pageRowStart":"95075","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185258,"records":[{"id":70018124,"text":"70018124 - 1996 - Jellyfish Lake, Palau: Regeneration of C, N, Si, and P in anoxic marine lake sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018124","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Jellyfish Lake, Palau: Regeneration of C, N, Si, and P in anoxic marine lake sediments","docAbstract":"Sediment cores from Jellyfish Lake were processed under an inert atmosphere and the pore waters extracted and analyzed for the following parameters: pH, titration alkalinity (TA), Cl-, H4SiO4, PO43-, NH4+, Ca2-, Mg2+, SO42-, and H2S. Additionally, in one set of pore-water samples (core 10), the ??13C of the ??CO2 was also determined. The TA, H4SiO4, PO43-, NH4+, and H2S increased with depth in the pore waters above anoxic bottom-water values. H2S values increased to 3.8 ??M. In one case, both H4SiO4 and PO43- concentrations increased to a maximum value and then decreased with depth, suggesting removal into solid phases. The H4SiO4 concentrations are equal to or greater than pore-water values observed in sediments underlying upwelling areas. PO43- concentrations are, in general, lower than pore-water values from terrigenous nearshore areas but higher than nearshore carbonate pore-water values from Florida Bay or Bermuda. The Ca2+, Cl-, and Mg2+: Cl- ratios show slight decreases in the top 15-20 cm, suggesting that authigenic carbonate may be forming. This suggestion is supported by the fact that the pore waters are saturated with respect to CaCO3 due to the very high TAs. The ??13C measurements of the pore-water ??CO2 are from a shorter core. These measurements reach their most negative concentration at 72 cm and then become slightly heavier. This change is accompanied by a decrease in TA, suggesting the onset of methanogenesis at this location in this core.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00243590","usgsCitation":"Lyons, W., Lent, R., Burnett, W.C., Chin, P., Landing, W., Orem, W., and McArthur, J., 1996, Jellyfish Lake, Palau: Regeneration of C, N, Si, and P in anoxic marine lake sediments: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 41, no. 7, p. 1394-1403.","startPage":"1394","endPage":"1403","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"41","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3feee4b0c8380cd6492e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, W.B.","contributorId":71319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lent, R.M.","contributorId":80317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chin, P.","contributorId":9787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landing, W.M.","contributorId":99303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landing","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McArthur, J.M.","contributorId":101826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArthur","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019378,"text":"70019378 - 1996 - Comparison of denitrification activity measurements in groundwater using cores and natural-gradient tracer tests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T13:52:14","indexId":"70019378","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of denitrification activity measurements in groundwater using cores and natural-gradient tracer tests","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article_abstract\"><div class=\"container container_scaled-down\"><div class=\"row\"><div class=\"col-xs-12\"><div id=\"abstractBox\" class=\"article_abstract-content hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"articleBody_abstractText\">The transport of many solutes in groundwater is dependent upon the relative rates of physical flow and microbial metabolism. Quantifying rates of microbial processes under subsurface conditions is difficult and is most commonly approximated using laboratory studies with aquifer materials. In this study, we measured in situ rates of denitrification in a nitrate-contaminated aquifer using small-scale, natural-gradient tracer tests and compared the results with rates obtained from laboratory incubations with aquifer core material. Activity was measured using the acetylene block technique. For the tracer tests, co-injection of acetylene and bromide into the aquifer produced a 30 μM increase in nitrous oxide after 10 m of transport (23−30 days). An advection−dispersion transport model was modified to include an acetylene-dependent nitrous oxide production term and used to simulate the tracer breakthrough curves. The model required a 4-day lag period and a relatively low sensitivity to acetylene to match the narrow nitrous oxide breakthrough curves. Estimates of in situ denitrification rates were 0.60 and 1.51 nmol of N<sub>2</sub>O produced cm<sup>-</sup><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>aquifer day<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>for two successive tests. Aquifer core material collected from the tracer test site and incubated as mixed slurries in flasks and as intact cores yielded rates that were 1.2−26 times higher than the tracer test rate estimates. Results with the coring-dependent techniques were variable and subject to the small-scale heterogeneity within the aquifer, while the tracer tests integrated the heterogeneity along a flow path, giving a rate estimate that is more applicable to transport at the scale of the aquifer.</p></div></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es960042g","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., Garabedian, S., and Brooks, M.H., 1996, Comparison of denitrification activity measurements in groundwater using cores and natural-gradient tracer tests: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 30, no. 12, p. 3448-3456, https://doi.org/10.1021/es960042g.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3448","endPage":"3456","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f859e4b0c8380cd4d042","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. L.","contributorId":93904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":382522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, M. H.","contributorId":107735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019016,"text":"70019016 - 1996 - Reconstructing the Avalon continent: Marginal to inner platform transition in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T22:32:21.178614","indexId":"70019016","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing the Avalon continent: Marginal to inner platform transition in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick","docAbstract":"<p><span>A west to east, marginal to inner Avalonian platform transition, comparable to that in southeast Newfoundland and southern Britain, is present in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick. The Saint John–Caton's Island–Hanford Brook area lay on the marginal platform, and its thick, uppermost Precambrian–lower Lower Cambrian is unconformably overlain by trilobite-bearing, upper Lower Cambrian. An inner platform remnant is preserved in the Cradle Brook outlier 60 km northeast of Saint John. In contrast to the marginal platform sequences, the Cradle Brook outlier has a very thin lower Lower Cambrian and has middle Lower Cambrian strata (Bonavista Group) not present on the marginal platform. The Cradle Brook Lower Cambrian closely resembles inner platform successions in eastern Massachusetts and Trinity and Placentia bays, southeast Newfoundland. A limestone with&nbsp;</span><i>Camenella baltica</i><span>&nbsp;Zone fossils on Cradle Brook seems to be the peritidal limestone cap of the subtrilobitic Lower Cambrian known in Avalonian North America (Fosters Point Formation) and England (Home Farm Member).</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e96-089","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Landing, E., 1996, Reconstructing the Avalon continent: Marginal to inner platform transition in the Cambrian of southern New Brunswick: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, no. 8, p. 1185-1192, https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-089.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1192","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"New Brunswick","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.78177630965563,\n              45.850512719836445\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.78177630965563,\n              44.90847396176096\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.45492707497668,\n              44.90847396176096\n            ],\n            [\n              -64.45492707497668,\n              45.850512719836445\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.78177630965563,\n              45.850512719836445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a254e4b0e8fec6cdb57e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landing, E.","contributorId":53964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landing","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018691,"text":"70018691 - 1996 - Death Valley regional groundwater flow model calibration using optimal parameter estimation methods and geoscientific information systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018691","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Death Valley regional groundwater flow model calibration using optimal parameter estimation methods and geoscientific information systems","docAbstract":"A three-layer Death Valley regional groundwater flow model was constructed to evaluate potential regional groundwater flow paths in the vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Geoscientific information systems were used to characterize the complex surface and subsurface hydrogeological conditions of the area, and this characterization was used to construct likely conceptual models of the flow system. The high contrasts and abrupt contacts of the different hydrogeological units in the subsurface make zonation the logical choice for representing the hydraulic conductivity distribution. Hydraulic head and spring flow data were used to test different conceptual models by using nonlinear regression to determine parameter values that currently provide the best match between the measured and simulated heads and flows.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"D’Agnese, F.A., Faunt, C., Hill, M.C., and Turner, A.K., 1996, Death Valley regional groundwater flow model calibration using optimal parameter estimation methods and geoscientific information systems: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 237, p. 41-52.","startPage":"41","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdece4b0c8380cd4e9fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D’Agnese, F. A.","contributorId":6096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Agnese","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, C.C. 0000-0001-5659-7529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":103314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"C.C.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, A. K.","contributorId":82351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1012814,"text":"1012814 - 1996 - An image-processing program for automated counting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-20T21:06:49","indexId":"1012814","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An image-processing program for automated counting","docAbstract":"An image-processing program developed by the National Institute of\r\nHealth, IMAGE, was modified in a cooperative project between remote sensing\r\nspecialists at the Ohio State University Center for Mapping and scientists at\r\nthe Alaska Science Center to facilitate estimating numbers of black brant\r\n(Branta bernicla nigricans) in flocks at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge. The\r\nmodified program, DUCK HUNT, runs on Apple computers. Modifications provide\r\nusers with a pull down menu that optimizes image quality; identifies objects of\r\ninterest (e.g., brant) by spectral, morphometric, and spatial parameters defined\r\ninteractively by users; counts and labels objects of interest; and produces\r\nsummary tables. Images from digitized photography, videography, and high-\r\nresolution digital photography have been used with this program to count various\r\nspecies of waterfowl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, D., Anderson, W., and Anthony, R., 1996, An image-processing program for automated counting: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 24, no. 2, p. 345-346.","productDescription":"pp. 345-346","startPage":"345","endPage":"346","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab790","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, D.J.","contributorId":25522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, W.H.","contributorId":93420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, R.M.","contributorId":181902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018530,"text":"70018530 - 1996 - Is internal friction friction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-12T12:13:54.679111","indexId":"70018530","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is internal friction friction?","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p><i>Mogi</i><span>&nbsp;</span>[1974] proposed a simple model of the incipient rupture surface to explain the Coulomb failure criterion. We show here that this model can plausibly be extended to explain the Mohr failure criterion. In Mogi's model the incipient rupture surface immediately before fracture consists of areas across which material integrity is maintained (intact areas) and areas across which it is not (cracks). The strength of the incipient rupture surface is made up of the inherent strength of the intact areas plus the frictional resistance to sliding offered by the cracked areas. Although the coefficient of internal friction (slope of the strength versus normal stress curve) depends upon both the frictional and inherent strengths, the phenomenon of internal friction can be identified with the frictional part. The curvature of the Mohr failure envelope is interpreted as a consequence of differences in damage (cracking) accumulated in prefailure loading at different confining pressures.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96GL00241","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Savage, J., Byerlee, J., and Lockner, D., 1996, Is internal friction friction?: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, no. 5, p. 487-490, https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00241.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"490","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226991,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f29e4b0c8380cd642e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, J.C. 0000-0002-5114-7673","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":102876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lockner, D.A. 0000-0001-8630-6833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":85603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013473,"text":"1013473 - 1996 - Results of Bayesian methods depend on details of implementation: An example of estimating salmon escapement goals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-31T11:04:09.458816","indexId":"1013473","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Results of Bayesian methods depend on details of implementation: An example of estimating salmon escapement goals","docAbstract":"Bayesian methods have been proposed to estimate optimal escapement \r\n   goals, using both knowledge about physical determinants of salmon \r\n   productivity and stock-recruitment data. The Bayesian approach has \r\n   several advantages over many traditional methods for estimating stock \r\n   productivity: it allows integration of information from diverse \r\n   sources and provides a framework for decision-making that takes into \r\n   account uncertainty reflected in the data. However, results can be \r\n   critically dependent on details of implementation of this approach. \r\n   For instance, unintended and unwarranted confidence about \r\n   stock-recruitment relationships can arise if the range of relationships \r\n   examined is too narrow, if too few discrete alternatives are \r\n   considered, or if data are contradictory. This unfounded confidence \r\n   can result in a suboptimal choice of a spawning escapement goal.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-7836(95)00405-X","usgsCitation":"Adkison, M.D., and Peterman, R.M., 1996, Results of Bayesian methods depend on details of implementation: An example of estimating salmon escapement goals: Fisheries Research, v. 25, p. 155-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(95)00405-X.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db6059fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterman, R. M.","contributorId":83871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018523,"text":"70018523 - 1996 - Chemical and isotopic characteristics of fluids along the cameroon volcanic line, cameroon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T14:14:47","indexId":"70018523","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2147,"text":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical and isotopic characteristics of fluids along the cameroon volcanic line, cameroon","docAbstract":"Results of the chemical and isotopic analysis of the water and gases discharged from volcanic crater lakes and soda springs located along the Cameroon Volcanic Line were used to characterize and infer their genetic relationships. Variations in the solute compositions of the waters indicate the dominant influence of silicate hydrolysis. Na+ (40-95%) constitutes the major cation in the springs while Fe2+ + Mg2+ (70%) dominate in the CO2-rich lakes. The principal anion is HCO3 (>90%), except in the coastal springs where Cl predominates. Lakes Nyos and Monoun have Fe-Mg-Ca-HCO3 type signatures; the soda springs are essentially Na-HCO3 type, while all other lakes show similar ionic compositions to dilute surface waters. Dissolved gases show essentially CO2 (>90%), with small amounts of Ar and N2, while CH4 constitutes the principal component in the non-gassy lakes. Active volcanic gases are generally absent, except in the Lobe spring with detectable H2S. Stable isotope ratio evidence indicates that the bicarbonate waters are essentially of meteoric origin. CO2 (??13C = -2 to -8???) and He (3He/4He = 1 to 5.6Ra) infer a mantle contribution to the total CO2. CH4 has a biogenic source, while Ar and N2 are essentially atmospheric in origin, but mixing is quite common.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0899-5362(96)00025-5","issn":"08995362","usgsCitation":"Tanyileke, G., Kusakabe, M., and Evans, W.C., 1996, Chemical and isotopic characteristics of fluids along the cameroon volcanic line, cameroon: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 22, no. 4, p. 433-441, https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(96)00025-5.","startPage":"433","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205948,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(96)00025-5"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f540e4b0c8380cd4c137","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanyileke, G.Z.","contributorId":20486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanyileke","given":"G.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kusakabe, M.","contributorId":94437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kusakabe","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018547,"text":"70018547 - 1996 - Age and character of basaltic rocks of the Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-13T17:17:02.417053","indexId":"70018547","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and character of basaltic rocks of the Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Volcanism in the Yucca Mountain region of southern Nevada in the last 5 m.y. is restricted to moderate-to-small volumes of subalkaline basaltic magmas, produced during at least 6 intervals, and spanning an age range from 4.6 Ma to about 125 ka. Where paleomagnetic evidence is available, the period of volcanism at individual eruptive centers apparently was geologically short-lived, even where multiple eruptions involved different magma types. K-Ar studies are consistent with most other geochronologic information, such as the minimum ages of exposure-dating techniques, and show no evidence of renewed volcanism after a significant quiescence at any of the centers in the Yucca Mountain region. A volcanic recurrence interval of 860 ± 350 kyr is computed from a large K-Ar data set and an evaluation of their uncertainties. Monte Carlo error propagations demonstrate the validity of uncertainties obtained for weighted-mean ages when modified using the goodness of fit parameter, MSWD. Elevated&nbsp;</span><sup>87</sup><span>Sr/</span><sup>86</sup><span>Sr initial ratios (Sr</span><sub><i>i</i></sub><span>) in the basalts, nearly constant at 0.707, combined with low SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;and Rb/Sr ratios indicate a subcontinental, lithospheric mantle source, previously enriched in radiogenic Sr and depleted in Rb. Beginning with eruptions of the most voluminous eruptive center, the newly dated Pliocene Thirsty Mountain volcano, basaltic magmas have decreased in eruptive volume, plagioclase-phenocryst content, various trace element ratios, and TiO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, while increasing in light rare earth elements, U, Th, P</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>5</sub><span>, and light REE/heavy REE ratios. These time-correlated changes are consistent with either increasing depths of melting or a decreasing thermal gradient in the Yucca Mountain region during the last 5 m.y.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95JB03123","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R., Turrin, B.D., Sawyer, D., Warren, R., Champion, D., Hudson, M., and Minor, S., 1996, Age and character of basaltic rocks of the Yucca Mountain region, southern Nevada: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 4, p. 8205-8227, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB03123.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"8205","endPage":"8227","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227213,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-04-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8d6e4b0c8380cd47ee6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, R.J.","contributorId":25147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turrin, B. D.","contributorId":32548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turrin","given":"B.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sawyer, D.A.","contributorId":107666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sawyer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warren, R.G.","contributorId":6037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Champion, D.E.","contributorId":70402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Champion","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, M.R.","contributorId":68317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minor, S.A.","contributorId":65047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70018158,"text":"70018158 - 1996 - Writing user selectable data on the extended header of seismic recordings made on the Texas Instruments DFS-V","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018158","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Writing user selectable data on the extended header of seismic recordings made on the Texas Instruments DFS-V","docAbstract":"A circuit has been developed to allow the writing of up to 192 digits of user-selectable data on a portion of tape called extended header, which is always available for use before each DFS-V seismic record is written. Such data could include navigation information, air gun and streamer depth and shot times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00049-7","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Robinson, W., 1996, Writing user selectable data on the extended header of seismic recordings made on the Texas Instruments DFS-V: Marine Geology, v. 135, no. 1-4, p. 159-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00049-7.","startPage":"159","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(96)00049-7"},{"id":227366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"135","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1e2e4b08c986b32f5cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, W.C.","contributorId":19311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019389,"text":"70019389 - 1996 - Ramah Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation - A new stratigraphic unit in the Zuni Basin, west-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019389","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2860,"text":"New Mexico Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ramah Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation - A new stratigraphic unit in the Zuni Basin, west-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"Nonmarine deposition accompanying and following a regression of the Cretaceous Interior Seaway during late Turonian time left a sedimentary sequence consisting of fluvial channel sandstones, thin overbank sandstones, and paludal shales containing thin coal beds. This unit is herein designated the Ramah Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation. The Ramah Member is locally well exposed in the Zuni Basin of west-central New Mexico where it rests on the Gallup Sandstone (marine) and is overlain by the distinctive, feldspathic Torrivio Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation (formerly of the Gallup Sandstone) Near Ramah, New Mexico the sequence overlies the F member of the Gallup but northward it overlies progressively younger members. These younger members are discrete sand-stone units associated with minor oscillations of relative sea level during a major regional-scale regression. North and east of Puerco Gap, near Gallup. New Mexico, the Ramah Member thins appreciably, and where unmappable it may be included with the Torrivio Member Southward from Gallup in the Zuni Basin. the Ramah locally approaches 150 ft in thickness and contains minable coal beds. The interval was previously referred to as the coal-bearing member of the Gallup (Mapel and Yesberger, 1985) or the Ramah unit (Anderson and Stricker, 1904). In the northern part of the Zuni Basin a problem may exist locally in determinig the top of the Ramah Member. This is due to the presence of fluviel sandstone with coarse-grained facies that looks much the s ame as the Torrivio Member, but underlines it Two criteria may be employed to distiguish the lower sandstone from the Torrivio and properly place it in the strartigraphic succession: (1) the lower sandstone is generally not as feldspathic as the Torrivio nor do the coarse-grained facies contain pebble-size material; and (2) the lower sandstone is not nearly as widespread as the overlying Torrivio. which has a blanket geometry. The type section of the Ramah Member is in the SE1/4 NW1/4 sec. 16 T10N R16W approximately 4 mi southwest of the town of Ramah. The principal coal lies near the top of the member and was mined during the 1920s to supply coal for the Zuni Pueblo schools.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Mexico Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0196948X","usgsCitation":"Anderson, O., and Stricker, G.D., 1996, Ramah Member of the Crevasse Canyon Formation - A new stratigraphic unit in the Zuni Basin, west-central New Mexico: New Mexico Geology, v. 18, no. 1, p. 6-12.","startPage":"6","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226879,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9484e4b0c8380cd8145c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, O.J.","contributorId":22510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"O.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stricker, G. D.","contributorId":38977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018510,"text":"70018510 - 1996 - Effects of thermal vapor diffusion on seasonal dynamics of water in the unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:32:33","indexId":"70018510","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of thermal vapor diffusion on seasonal dynamics of water in the unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"<p><span>The response of water in the unsaturated zone to seasonal changes of temperature (</span><i>T</i><span>) is determined analytically using the theory of nonisothermal water transport in porous media, and the solutions are tested against field observations of moisture potential and bomb fallout isotopic (</span><sup>36</sup><span>Cl and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><sup>3</sup><span>H) concentrations. Seasonally varying land surface temperatures and the resulting subsurface temperature gradients induce thermal vapor diffusion. The annual mean vertical temperature gradient is close to zero; however, the annual mean thermal vapor flux is downward, because the temperature‐dependent vapor diffusion coefficient is larger, on average, during downward diffusion (occurring at high<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><span>) than during upward diffusion (low<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>T</i><span>). The annual mean thermal vapor flux is shown to decay exponentially with depth; the depth (about 1 m) at which it decays to<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>e</i><sup>−1</sup><span>of its surface value is one half of the corresponding decay depth for the amplitude of seasonal temperature changes. This depth‐dependent annual mean flux is effectively a source of water, which must be balanced by a flux divergence associated with other transport processes. In a relatively humid environment the liquid fluxes greatly exceed the thermal vapor fluxes, so such a balance is readily achieved without measurable effect on the dynamics of water in the unsaturated zone. However, if the mean vertical water flux through the unsaturated zone is very small (&lt;1 mm y</span><sup>−1</sup><span>), as it may be at many locations in a desert landscape, the thermal vapor flux must be balanced mostly by a matric‐potential‐induced upward flux of water. This return flux may include both vapor and liquid components. Below any near‐surface zone of weather‐related fluctuations of matric potential, maintenance of this upward flux requires an increase with depth in the annual mean matric potential; this theoretical prediction is supported by long‐term field measurements in the Chihuahuan Desert. The analysis also makes predictions, confirmed by the field observations, regarding the seasonal variations of matric potential at a given depth. The conceptual model of unsaturated zone water transport developed here implies the possibility of near‐surface trapping of any aqueous constituent introduced at the surface.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR03489","usgsCitation":"Milly, P., 1996, Effects of thermal vapor diffusion on seasonal dynamics of water in the unsaturated zone: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 3, p. 509-518, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03489.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"509","endPage":"518","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a080ae4b0c8380cd51947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018531,"text":"70018531 - 1996 - Occurrence and accumulation of pesticides and organic contaminants in river sediment, water and clam tissues from the San Joaquin River and tributaries, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-31T14:11:00.224733","indexId":"70018531","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and accumulation of pesticides and organic contaminants in river sediment, water and clam tissues from the San Joaquin River and tributaries, California","docAbstract":"<p>A study was conducted in 1992 to assess the effects of anthropogenic activities and land use on the water quality of the San Joaquin River and its major tributaries. This study focused on pesticides and organic contaminants, looking at distributions of contaminants in water, bed and suspended sediment, and the bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Results indicated that this river system is affected by agricultural practices and urban runoff. Sediments from Dry Creek contained elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), possibly derived from urban runoff from the city of Modesto; suspended sediments contained elevated amounts of chlordane. Trace levels of triazine herbicides atrazine and simazine were present in water at most sites. Sediments, water, and bivalves from Orestimba Creek, a westside tributary draining agricultural areas, contained the greatest levels of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2-2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane), and its degradates DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane), and DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethylene). Sediment adsorption co efficients (K(oc)), and bioconcentration factors (BCF) in Corbicula of DDT, DDD, and DDE at Orestimba Creek were greater than predicted values. Streams of the western San Joaquin Valley can potentially transport significant amounts of chlorinated pesticides to the San Joaquin River, the delta, and San Francisco Bay. Organochlorine compounds accumulate in bivalves and sediment and may pose a problem to other biotic species in this watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0172:OAAOPA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Domagalski, J.L., Hostettler, F., Brown, L., and Rapp, J.B., 1996, Occurrence and accumulation of pesticides and organic contaminants in river sediment, water and clam tissues from the San Joaquin River and tributaries, California: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 2, p. 172-180, https://doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0172:OAAOPA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River and tributaries","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.06982421874999,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.728759765625,\n              38.66835610151506\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.17919921875001,\n              39.58875727696545\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.728515625,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.728271484375,\n              39.53793974517628\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.178955078125,\n              38.315801006824984\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.135009765625,\n              38.06539235133249\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.377197265625,\n              36.89719446989036\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06982421874999,\n              36.87962060502676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b27e4b0c8380cd74547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hostettler, F. D.","contributorId":99563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostettler","given":"F. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, L. R. 0000-0001-6702-4531","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":66391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rapp, J. B.","contributorId":28987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rapp","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016256,"text":"1016256 - 1996 - Simulating secondary succession of elk forage values in a managed forest landscape, western Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-17T15:45:37.061162","indexId":"1016256","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating secondary succession of elk forage values in a managed forest landscape, western Washington","docAbstract":"Modern timber management practices often influence forage production for elk (Cervus elaphus) on broad temporal and spatial scales in forested landscapes. We incorporated site-specific information on postharvesting forest succession and forage characteristics in a simulation model to evaluate past and future influences of forest management practices on forage values for elk in a commercially managed Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii, PSME)-western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla, TSHE) forest in western Washington. We evaluated future effects of: (1) clear-cut logging 0, 20, and 40% of harvestable stands every five years; (2) thinning 20-year-old Douglas fir forests; and (3) reducing the harvesting cycle from 60 to 45 years. Reconstruction of historical patterns of vegetation succession indicated that forage values peaked in the 1960s and declined from the 1970s to the present, but recent values still were higher than may have existed in the unmanaged landscape in 1945. Increased forest harvesting rates had little short-term influence on forage trends because harvestable stands were scarce. Simulations of forest thinning also produced negligible benefits because thinning did not improve forage productivity appreciably at the stand level. Simulations of reduced harvesting cycles shortened the duration of declining forage values from approximately 30 to 15 years. We concluded that simulation models are useful tools for examining landscape responses of forage production to forest management strategies, but the options examined provided little potential for improving elk forages in the immediate future.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01204142","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, K.J., and Starkey, E.E., 1996, Simulating secondary succession of elk forage values in a managed forest landscape, western Washington: Environmental Management, v. 20, no. 5, p. 715-724, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01204142.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"724","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f307a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":323818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Starkey, Edward E.","contributorId":29778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starkey","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018710,"text":"70018710 - 1996 - Sand deposition in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from flooding of the Little Colorado River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:16:08","indexId":"70018710","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sand deposition in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from flooding of the Little Colorado River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Methods for computing the volume of sand deposited in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park by floods in major tributaries and for determining redistribution of that sand by main-channel flows are required for successful management of sand-dependent riparian resources. We have derived flow, sediment transport, and bed evolution models based on a gridded topography developed from measured channel topography and used these models to compute deposition in a short reach of the river just downstream from the Little Colorado River, the largest tributary in the park. Model computations of deposition from a Little Colorado River flood in January 1993 were compared to bed changes measured at 15 cross sections. The total difference between changes in cross-sectional area due to deposition computed by the model and the measured changes was 6%. A wide reach with large areas of recirculating flow and large depressions in the main channel accumulated the most sand, whereas a reach with similar planimetric area but a long, narrow shape and relatively small areas of recirculating flow and small depressions in the main channel accumulated only about a seventh as much sand. About 32% of the total deposition was in recirculation zones, 65% was in the main channel, and 3% was deposited along the channel margin away from the recirculation zone. Overall, about 15% of the total input of sand from this Little Colorado River flood was deposited in the first 3 km below the confluence, suggesting that deposition of the flood-derived material extended for only several tens of kilometers downstream from the confluence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96WR02842","usgsCitation":"Wiele, S., Graf, J., and Smith, J., 1996, Sand deposition in the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon from flooding of the Little Colorado River: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 12, p. 3579-3596, https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR02842.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3579","endPage":"3596","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8692e4b08c986b316006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiele, S.M.","contributorId":100027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiele","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graf, J.B.","contributorId":75928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graf","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J.D.","contributorId":35796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018706,"text":"70018706 - 1996 - Open-ocean boundary conditions from interior data: Local and remote forcing of Massachusetts Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-30T16:32:31.352142","indexId":"70018706","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Open-ocean boundary conditions from interior data: Local and remote forcing of Massachusetts Bay","docAbstract":"<p><span>Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays form a semienclosed coastal basin that opens onto the much larger Gulf of Maine. Subtidal circulation in the bay is driven by local winds and remotely driven flows from the gulf. The local-wind forced flow is estimated with a regional shallow water model driven by wind measurements. The model uses a gravity wave radiation condition along the open-ocean boundary. Results compare reasonably well with observed currents near the coast. In some offshore regions, however, modeled flows are an order of magnitude less energetic than the data. Strong flows are observed even during periods of weak local wind forcing. Poor model-data comparisons are attributable, at least in part, to open-ocean boundary conditions that neglect the effects of remote forcing. Velocity measurements from within Massachusetts Bay are used to estimate the remotely forced component of the flow. The data are combined with shallow water dynamics in an inverse-model formulation that follows the theory of&nbsp;</span><i>Bennett and McIntosh</i><span>&nbsp;[1982], who considered tides. We extend their analysis to consider the subtidal response to transient forcing. The inverse model adjusts the a priori open-ocean boundary condition, thereby minimizing a combined measure of model-data misfit and boundary condition adjustment. A “consistency criterion” determines the optimal trade-off between the two. The criterion is based on a measure of plausibility for the inverse solution. The “consistent” inverse solution reproduces 56% of the average squared variation in the data. The local-wind-driven flow alone accounts for half of the model skill. The other half is attributable to remotely forced flows from the Gulf of Maine. The unexplained 44% comes from measurement errors and model errors that are not accounted for in the analysis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95JC03705","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bogden, P., Malanotte-Rizzoli, P., and Signell, R., 1996, Open-ocean boundary conditions from interior data: Local and remote forcing of Massachusetts Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 101, no. C3, p. 6487-6500, https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC03705.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6487","endPage":"6500","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Massachusetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.0211181640625,\n              41.95540515378059\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.1806640625,\n              41.95540515378059\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.1806640625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0211181640625,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.0211181640625,\n              41.95540515378059\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"C3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e67e4b0c8380cd75621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bogden, P.S.","contributorId":93216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bogden","given":"P.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malanotte-Rizzoli, P.","contributorId":102212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malanotte-Rizzoli","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signell, R.","contributorId":76052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018675,"text":"70018675 - 1996 - Stream-aquifer interaction model with diffusive wave routing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:46:31.351268","indexId":"70018675","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream-aquifer interaction model with diffusive wave routing","docAbstract":"<p><span>A practical approach to modeling the hydraulic interaction of a stream and aquifer via streambed leakage is based on the established U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) model, MODFLOW. To represent flood-wave propagation and the associated bank storage, MODFLOW's STREAM module is replaced by the Muskingum-Cunge diffusive-wave-routing scheme. The diffusive wave model closely approximates a dynamic model of a flood wave's speed, shape, and streambed leakage. Because the stream responds more rapidly to disturbances than the aquifer, streambed leakage is calculated at the flood routing time scale in order to properly represent the stream-aquifer coupling. However, both the relative magnitude and timing of aquifer response to a flood wave depend on the strength of this coupling. We find discrepancies in both the flood wave and the streambed leakage when the wave and ground-water motions are evaluated at different time scales. These discrepancies are significant in the case of a strong stream-aquifer coupling, for which equal aquifer and flood-routing time steps may be required. Wave diffusion and bank storage are shown to be comparable in magnitude and should, therefore, be included in stream-aquifer interaction models. Diffusive wave routing more accurately represents wave propagation, bed leakage, and aquifer response if short aquifer time steps are taken, and is preferable to the STREAM module for simulating short time transients. However, the STREAM module is useful for simulating large time frames if accurate modeling of the flood-wave propagation is not required.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:4(210)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Perkins, S., and Koussis, A.D., 1996, Stream-aquifer interaction model with diffusive wave routing: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 122, no. 4, p. 210-218, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:4(210).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"218","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227310,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9a92e4b08c986b31c9f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perkins, S.P.","contributorId":12211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koussis, Antonis D.","contributorId":99299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koussis","given":"Antonis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018435,"text":"70018435 - 1996 - Character, paleoenvironment, rate of accumulation, and evidence for seismic triggering of Holocene turbidites, Canada Abyssal Plain, Arctic Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T12:08:31","indexId":"70018435","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Character, paleoenvironment, rate of accumulation, and evidence for seismic triggering of Holocene turbidites, Canada Abyssal Plain, Arctic Ocean","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id8\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id9\"><p>Four box cores and one piston core show that Holocene sedimentation on the southern Canada Abyssal Plain for the last 8010 ± 120 yr has consisted of a continuing rain of pelagic organic and ice-rafted clastic sediment with a net accumulation rate during the late Holocene of ⩽10 mm/1000 yr, and episodically emplaced turbidites 1–5 m thick deposited at intervals of 830 to 3450 yr (average 2000 yr). The average net accumulation rate of the mixed sequence of turbidites and thin pelagite interbeds in the cores is about 1.2 m/1000 yr.</p><p>Physiography suggests that the turbidites originated on the Mackenzie Delta or its clinoform, and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values of −27 to −25%. in the turbidites are compatible with a provenance on a delta. Extant displaced neritic and lower slope to basin plain calcareous benthic foraminifers coexist in the turbidite units. Their joint occurence indicates that the turbidites originated on the modern continental shelf and entrained sediment from the slope and rise enroute to their final resting place on the Canada Abyssal Plain. The presence of Middle Pleistocene diatoms in the turbidites suggests, in addition, that the turbidites may have originated in shallow submarine slides beneath the upper slope or outer shelf. Small but consistent differences in organic carbon content and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>C values between the turbidite units suggest that they did not share an identical provenance, which is at least compatible with an origin in slope failures.</p><p>The primary provenance of the ice-rafted component of the pelagic beds was the glaciated terrane of northwestern Canada; and the provenance of the turbidite units was Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary deposits on the outer continental shelf and upper slope of the Mackenzie Delta. Largely local derivation of the sediment of the Canada Abyssal Plain indicates that sediment accumulation rates in the Arctic Ocean are valid only for regions with similar depositional sources and processes, and that these rates cannot be extrapolated regionally. The location of an elliptical zone of active seismicity over the inferred provenance of the turbidites suggests that they were triggered by large earthquakes.</p><p>Distal turbidite sediment accumulation rates were more than two orders of magnitude greater than pelagic sediment accumulation rates on the Canada Abyssal Plain during the last 8000 years. This disparity reconciles the discrepancy between the high accumulation rates assumed by some for the Arctic Ocean because of the numerous major rivers and large ice sheets that discharge into this small mediterranean basin and the low pelagic sedimentation rates that have been reported from the Arctic Ocean.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(96)00015-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Grantz, A., Phillips, R., Mullen, M.W., Starratt, S., Jones, G.A., Naidu, A., and Finney, B.P., 1996, Character, paleoenvironment, rate of accumulation, and evidence for seismic triggering of Holocene turbidites, Canada Abyssal Plain, Arctic Ocean: Marine Geology, v. 133, no. 1-2, p. 51-73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00015-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"73","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479157,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(96)00015-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f489e4b0c8380cd4bd91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grantz, A.","contributorId":60378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullen, M. W.","contributorId":15587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Starratt, S. W.","contributorId":89145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, Glenn A.","contributorId":17779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Glenn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":379573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naidu, A.S.","contributorId":64403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naidu","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Finney, B. P.","contributorId":93643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finney","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":1012812,"text":"1012812 - 1996 - Breeding populations of northern pintails have similar mitochondrial DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:20:05.464142","indexId":"1012812","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Breeding populations of northern pintails have similar mitochondrial DNA","docAbstract":"Northern pintails (Anas acuta) are highly nomadic, which may result in\r\nhigh levels of gene flow among nesting areas. To assess the extent of genetic \r\ndifferentiation among nesting areas, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) \r\nvariation in northern pintail females from three regions: Alaska, California, \r\nand midcontinent prairies and parklands. Abundant mtDNA variation was evident \r\n(20 genotypes among 289 birds), but there was no significant genetic \r\ndifferentiation of nesting areas within or among regions. Results indicate that\r\npintails have had historically large breeding population sizes and a high rate \r\nof gene flow among North American nesting areas. Specific nesting areas are not\r\nindependent units, but part of a larger continental population. High rates of \r\ngene flow suggest that over time, localized reductions in recruitment or \r\nsurvival may be compensated for by immigration.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z96-112","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., Grand, J., Esler, D., Derksen, D., and Scribner, K., 1996, Breeding populations of northern pintails have similar mitochondrial DNA: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 74, no. 6, p. 992-999, https://doi.org/10.1139/z96-112.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"992","endPage":"999","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb42f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, M. A.","contributorId":80216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J.B.","contributorId":11150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":318388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Derksen, D.V.","contributorId":23483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derksen","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scribner, K.T.","contributorId":97033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scribner","given":"K.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018419,"text":"70018419 - 1996 - Speciation of trihalomethane mixtures for the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018419","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Speciation of trihalomethane mixtures for the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers","docAbstract":"Trihalomethane formation potentials were determined for the chlorination of water samples from the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. Samples were collected during the summer and fall of 1991 and the spring of 1992 at 12 locations on the Mississippi from New Orleans, LA, to Minneapolis, MN, and on the Missouri and Ohio 1.6 km upstream from their confluences with the Mississippi. Formation potentials were determined as a function of pH and initial free-chlorine concentration. Chloroform concentrations decreased with distance downstream and approximately paralleled the decrease of the dissolved organic-carbon concentration. Bromide concentrations were 3.7-5.7 times higher for the Missouri and 1.4-1.6 times higher for the Ohio than for the Mississippi above their confluences, resulting in an overall increase of the bromide concentration with distance downstream. Variations of the concentrations of the brominated trihalomethanes with distance downstream approximately paralleled the variation of the bromide concentration. Concentrations of all four trihalomethanes increased as the pH increased. Concentrations of chloroform and bromodichloromethane increased slightly and the concentration of bromoform decreased as the initial free-chlorine concentration increased; the chlorodibromomethane concentration had little dependence on the free-chlorine concentration.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0048-9697(95)04938-X","issn":"00489697","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., 1996, Speciation of trihalomethane mixtures for the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers: Science of the Total Environment, v. 180, no. 2, p. 125-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04938-X.","startPage":"125","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04938-X"},{"id":227158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"180","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b94ede4b08c986b31acc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70019034,"text":"70019034 - 1996 - A seismic refraction and reflection study across the central San Jacinto Basin, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:16:59.120727","indexId":"70019034","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismic refraction and reflection study across the central San Jacinto Basin, Southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Jacinto Basin is a northwest-trending, pull-apart basin in the San Jacinto fault zone of the San Andreas fault system in southern California. About 24 km long and 2 to 4 km wide, the basin sits on a graben bounded by two strands of the San Jacinto fault zone: the Claremont Fault on the northeast and the Casa Loma Fault on the southwest. We present a case study of shallow structure (less than 1 km) in the central basin. A 2.75-km refraction line running from the northeast to southwest across the regional structural trend reveals a groundwater barrier (Offset I). Another line, bent southward and continued for 1.65-km, shows a crystalline basement offset (Offset III) near an inferred trace of the Casa Loma Fault. Although a basement refractor was not observed along the 2.75-km line, a mismatch between the estimate of its minimum depth and the basement depth determined for the 1.65-km line suggests that an offset in the basement (greater than 260 m) exists around the junction of the two refraction lines (Offset II). By revealing more faults and subtle sedimentary structures, the reflection stack sections confirm the two refraction offsets as faults. Offsets I and III each separate sediments of contrasting structures and, in addition, Offset III disrupts an unconformity. However, the sense and amount of the offset across Offset III contradict what may be expected across the Casa Loma Fault, which has its basinward basement down-thrown to about 2.5 km in the better defined southeastern part of the graben. The Casa Loma Fault trace has been mislinked in the existing geological maps and the trace should be remapped to Offset II where the reflector disruptions spread over a 400-m wide zone. Our Offset III is an unnamed, concealed fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1444050","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, T., Biehler, S., Park, S.K., and Stephenson, W.J., 1996, A seismic refraction and reflection study across the central San Jacinto Basin, Southern California: Geophysics, v. 61, no. 5, p. 1258-1268, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444050.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1258","endPage":"1268","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226857,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e580e4b0c8380cd46d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, T.-C.","contributorId":49120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"T.-C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biehler, S.","contributorId":57560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Park, S. K.","contributorId":29585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Park","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stephenson, W. J.","contributorId":87982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018704,"text":"70018704 - 1996 - Pumping strategies for management of a shallow water table: The value of the simulation-optimization approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T10:42:56","indexId":"70018704","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumping strategies for management of a shallow water table: The value of the simulation-optimization approach","docAbstract":"The simulation-optimization approach is used to identify ground-water pumping strategies for control of the shallow water table in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, where shallow ground water threatens continued agricultural productivity. The approach combines the use of ground-water flow simulation with optimization techniques to build on and refine pumping strategies identified in previous research that used flow simulation alone. Use of the combined simulation-optimization model resulted in a 20 percent reduction in the area subject to a shallow water table over that identified by use of the simulation model alone. The simulation-optimization model identifies increasingly more effective pumping strategies for control of the water table as the complexity of the problem increases; that is, as the number of subareas in which pumping is to be managed increases, the simulation-optimization model is better able to discriminate areally among subareas to determine optimal pumping locations. The simulation-optimization approach provides an improved understanding of controls on the ground-water flow system and management alternatives that can be implemented in the valley. In particular, results of the simulation-optimization model indicate that optimal pumping strategies are constrained by the existing distribution of wells between the semiconfined and confined zones of the aquifer, by the distribution of sediment types (and associated hydraulic conductivities) in the western valley, and by the historical distribution of pumping throughout the western valley.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb01890.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Barlow, P.M., Wagner, B., and Belitz, K., 1996, Pumping strategies for management of a shallow water table: The value of the simulation-optimization approach: Ground Water, v. 34, no. 2, p. 305-317, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb01890.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"305","endPage":"317","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9030e4b0c8380cd7fbad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barlow, P. M.","contributorId":63022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, B.J.","contributorId":18012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, K. 0000-0003-4481-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":10164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018681,"text":"70018681 - 1996 - Compensating for estimation smoothing in kriging","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-01T15:13:15","indexId":"70018681","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compensating for estimation smoothing in kriging","docAbstract":"Smoothing is a characteristic inherent to all minimum mean-square-error spatial estimators such as kriging. Cross-validation can be used to detect and model such smoothing. Inversion of the model produces a new estimator-compensated kriging. A numerical comparison based on an exhaustive permeability sampling of a 4-fr2 slab of Berea Sandstone shows that the estimation surface generated by compensated kriging has properties intermediate between those generated by ordinary kriging and stochastic realizations resulting from simulated annealing and sequential Gaussian simulation. The frequency distribution is well reproduced by the compensated kriging surface, which also approximates the experimental semivariogram well - better than ordinary kriging, but not as well as stochastic realizations. Compensated kriging produces surfaces that are more accurate than stochastic realizations, but not as accurate as ordinary kriging. ?? 1996 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02083653","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Pawlowsky, V., 1996, Compensating for estimation smoothing in kriging: Mathematical Geology, v. 28, no. 4, p. 407-417, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02083653.","startPage":"407","endPage":"417","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":268635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083653"},{"id":227437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c7e4b0c8380cd4d2c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":380440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pawlowsky, Vera","contributorId":83289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlowsky","given":"Vera","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175089,"text":"70175089 - 1996 - Uncertainties in assessing contaminant exposure from sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:34:48","indexId":"70175089","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Uncertainties in assessing contaminant exposure from sediments","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological risk assessments of contaminated sediments: SETAC special publication series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"SetacPress","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., and Fisher, N., 1996, Uncertainties in assessing contaminant exposure from sediments, chap. 14 <i>of</i> Ecological risk assessments of contaminated sediments: SETAC special publication series, p. 211-238.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"238","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cb6e4b0589fa1c980e9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Biddinger, Gregory R.","contributorId":111662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biddinger","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, T.","contributorId":173242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillon","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, S. N.","contributorId":120222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, N.S.","contributorId":67668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175354,"text":"70175354 - 1996 - European tools to consider","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T12:38:26","indexId":"70175354","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"European tools to consider","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041299-2.x","usgsCitation":"Stanley, T.R., 1996, European tools to consider: Conservation Biology, v. 10, no. 4, p. 1300-1301, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041299-2.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1300","endPage":"1301","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041299-2.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":326149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a5b8bbe4b0ebae89b788a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Thomas R. 0000-0002-8393-0005 stanleyt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0005","contributorId":209928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Thomas","email":"stanleyt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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