{"pageNumber":"3807","pageRowStart":"95150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185217,"records":[{"id":70018590,"text":"70018590 - 1996 - Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater: Introduction and overview","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-03T16:55:57","indexId":"70018590","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":612,"text":"ACS Symposium Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater: Introduction and overview","docAbstract":"Several future research topics for herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water are outlined in this chapter. They are herbicide usage, chemical analysis of metabolites, and fate and transport of metabolites in surface and ground water. These three ideas follow the themes in this book, which are the summary of a symposium of the American Chemical Society on herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water. First, geographic information systems allow the spatial distribution of herbicide-use data to be combined with geochemical information on fate and transport of herbicides. Next these two types of information are useful in predicting the kinds of metabolites present and their probable distribution in surface and ground water. Finally, methods development efforts may be focused on these specific target analytes. This chapter discusses these three concepts and provides an introduction to this book on the analysis, chemistry, and fate and transport of herbicide metabolites in surface and ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch001","issn":"00976156","usgsCitation":"Thurman, E., and Meyer, M.T., 1996, Herbicide metabolites in surface water and groundwater: Introduction and overview: ACS Symposium Series, v. 630, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0630.ch001.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"630","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3063e4b0c8380cd5d5e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, M. T.","contributorId":92279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018615,"text":"70018615 - 1996 - Shallow subsurface geology of part of the Savannah River alluvial valley in the upper Coastal Plain of Georgia and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:15","indexId":"70018615","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow subsurface geology of part of the Savannah River alluvial valley in the upper Coastal Plain of Georgia and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The depth to which Coastal Plain rivers incise underlying formations is an important control on local and regional hydrologic flow systems. In order to clarify these stream/aquifer relations, a better understanding of the shallow subsurface geology of the Savannah River was necessary. To accomplish this, three drillhole transects were completed across a part of the Savannah River alluvial valley in September 1993, and five geologic sections were constructed from the data. The alluvium is coarser, more angular, and more poorly sorted than the underlying formations, and lithologic differences between the strata are readily apparent, especially in areas where the underlying strata are of marine origin. Inspection of the transects indicates an asymmetry to both the alluvial terrace complex and the underlying bedrock strath. The alluvium thins in a coastward direction; and similarly, bulk-grain size diminishes in a downstream direction. This phenomenon has remained constant over time and is most likely a function of the change in slope which occurs when the river traverses the Fall Line north of the study area. The maximum thickness of the alluvial valley fill is 50 ft. The elevation of the unconformity between the alluvium and the underlying formation is far below the lowest elevation of the modern-day thalweg, indicating that the alluvial system has aggraded to form the modern-day Savannah River Valley. Formerly, the Savannah River was located immediately adjacent to and east of the modern floodplain when the river valley was formed by a cyclic pattern of infilling and subsequent entrenchment that gave rise to an irregular bedrock surface beneath the depositional terrace system. After this depositional period, the river migrated to the southwest and began a period of downcutting that ended with the formation of the unconformity (erosional terrace) that lies some 45 ft. beneath the modern-day river. The protracted southwestward migration of the river system is perhaps the best indication that pre-historic tectonism exerts an influence on the modern-day alluvial system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Leeth, D., and Nagle, D., 1996, Shallow subsurface geology of part of the Savannah River alluvial valley in the upper Coastal Plain of Georgia and South Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 36, no. 1, p. 1-14.","startPage":"1","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e3ee4b08c986b3187fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leeth, D.C.","contributorId":12991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leeth","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nagle, D.D.","contributorId":59072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018962,"text":"70018962 - 1996 - Recurrent eruption and subsidence at the Platoro caldera complex, southeastern San Juan volcanic field, Colorado: New tales from old tuffs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T12:15:29.649935","indexId":"70018962","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recurrent eruption and subsidence at the Platoro caldera complex, southeastern San Juan volcanic field, Colorado: New tales from old tuffs","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15008746\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Reinterpretation of a voluminous regional ash-flow sheet (Masonic Park Tuff) as two separate tuff sheets of similar phenocryst-rich dacite erupted from separate source calderas has important implications for evolution of the multicyclic Platoro caldera complex and for caldera-forming processes generally. Masonic Park Tuff in central parts of the San Juan field, including the type area, was erupted from a concealed source at 28.6 Ma, but widespread tuff previously mapped as Masonic Park Tuff in the southeastern San Juan Mountains is the product of the youngest large-volume eruption of the Platoro caldera complex at 28.4 Ma. This large unit, newly named the “Chiquito Peak Tuff,” is the last-erupted tuff of the Treasure Mountain Group, which consists of at least 20 separate ash-flow sheets of dacite to low-silica rhyolite erupted from the Platoro complex during a 1 m.y. interval (29.5−28.4 Ma). Two Treasure Mountain tuff sheets have volumes in excess of 1000 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>each, and five more have volumes of 50–150 km<sup>3</sup>. The total volume of ash-flow tuff exceeds 2500 km<sup>3</sup>, and caldera-related lavas of dominantly andesitic composition make up 250-500 km<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>more. A much greater volume of intermediate-composition magma must have solidified in subcaldera magma chambers. Most preserved features of the Platoro complex-including postcollapse asymmetrical trap-door resurgent uplift of the ponded intracaldera tuff and concurrent infilling by andesitic lava flows-postdate eruption of the Chiquito Peak Tuff. The numerous large-volume pre-Chiquito Peak ash-flow tuffs document multiple eruptions accompanied by recurrent subsidence; early-formed caldera walls nearly coincide with margins of the later Chiquito Peak collapse. Repeated syneruptive collapse at the Platoro complex requires cumulative subsidence of at least 10 km. The rapid regeneration of silicic magmas requires the sustained presence of an andesitic subcaldera magma reservoir, or its rapid replenishment, during the 1 m.y. life span of the Platoro complex. Either case implies large-scale stoping and assimilative recycling of the Tertiary section, including intracaldera tuffs.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1039:REASAT>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00167606","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Dungan, M., Brown, L., and Deino, A., 1996, Recurrent eruption and subsidence at the Platoro caldera complex, southeastern San Juan volcanic field, Colorado: New tales from old tuffs: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 108, no. 8, p. 1039-1055, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<1039:REASAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1039","endPage":"1055","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","volume":"108","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a365e4b0e8fec6cdb861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dungan, M.A.","contributorId":36304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dungan","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, L.L.","contributorId":46907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deino, A.","contributorId":58404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deino","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018612,"text":"70018612 - 1996 - Slip history of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake determined from strong motion, teleseismic, and geodetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T15:01:06.435766","indexId":"70018612","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2429,"text":"Journal of Physics of the Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip history of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake determined from strong motion, teleseismic, and geodetic data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Near-source ground motions, teleseismic body waveforms, and geodetic displacements produced by the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake have been used to determine the spatial and temporal dislocation pattern on the faulting surfaces. A linear, least-squares approach was used to invert the data sets both independently and in unison in order to investigate the resolving power of each data set and to determine a model most consistent with all the available data. A two-fault model was used, with a single rupture plane representing faulting beneath Kobe and a second plane representing slip underneath Awaji Island. The total seismic moment is estimated to be 2.4×10</span><sup>19</sup><span>Nm (M</span><sub>W</sub><span>&nbsp;6.9), with rupture partitioned such that about 40% of the slip was relatively deep (5-20 km) and northeast of the epicenter toward Kobe, and about 60% was toward the southwest and shallower (mostly 0-10 km) beneath Awaji Island. Analysis of the slip model indicates that the ground motions recorded within the severely damaged region of Kobe originated from the region of relatively low slip (about 1 m) deep beneath Kobe and not from the shallow, higher slip regions (about 3 m) beneath Awaji Island. Although the slip was relatively low beneath Kobe, the combined effects of source rupture directivity, a short slip duration, and site amplification conspired to generate very damaging ground motions within the city.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Seismological Society of Japan, The Volcanological Society of Japan, The Geodetic Society of Japan","doi":"10.4294/jpe1952.44.489","issn":"00223743","usgsCitation":"Wald, D., 1996, Slip history of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake determined from strong motion, teleseismic, and geodetic data: Journal of Physics of the Earth, v. 44, no. 5, p. 489-503, https://doi.org/10.4294/jpe1952.44.489.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"489","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479170,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4294/jpe1952.44.489","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227655,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9148e4b08c986b3197ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, D.J. 0000-0002-1454-4514","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":43809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018963,"text":"70018963 - 1996 - Occurrence of dicofol in the San Joaquin River, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:35:09","indexId":"70018963","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of dicofol in the San Joaquin River, California","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s001289900188","issn":"00074861","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1996, Occurrence of dicofol in the San Joaquin River, California: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 57, no. 2, p. 284-291, https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900188.","startPage":"284","endPage":"291","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205709,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900188"}],"volume":"57","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6be5e4b0c8380cd74949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":381225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001122,"text":"1001122 - 1996 - Trophic analysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior Coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T12:00:49.635626","indexId":"1001122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trophic analysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior Coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>We examined the trophic roles of two nonindigenous species, ruffe (<i>Gymnocephalus cernuus</i>) and white perch (<i>Morone americana</i>), in the food web of a western Lake Superior coastal wetland, using stable isotope techniques. The δ<sup>15</sup>N signature of ruffe was similar to published values for YOY yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>), and intermediate to those of white sucker (<i>Catostomus commersoni</i>), a ben-thivore, and alewife (<i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i>), a planktivore. Ruffe of all sizes sampled had an approximately 4%c enrichment in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N over published values for benthos, and a 3%c<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>15</sup>N enrichment over values for plankton. A 3–4%c difference is consistent with commonly reported shifts in 5<sup>I5</sup>N signature between food and prey. These results suggest that ruffe in this food web feed on both benthos and plankton. White perch undergo ontogenetic shifts in nitrogen isotope signatures similar to those reported earlier for yellow perch, and appear to become piscivorous by the time they are 25 cm long. Our data suggest that interactions between ruffe and yellow perch could represent a competitive bottleneck. If yellow perch are able to grow large enough to become piscivorous, they should be able to escape competition with ruffe. In contrast, white perch appear to have the potential to compete with yellow perch throughout their lives.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70968-1","usgsCitation":"Sierszen, M., Keough, J., and Hagley, C., 1996, Trophic analysis of ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) and white perch (Morone americana) in a Lake Superior Coastal food web, using stable isotope techniques: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 436-443, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70968-1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"436","endPage":"443","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128860,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db6243b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sierszen, M.E.","contributorId":97849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sierszen","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keough, J.R.","contributorId":87880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagley, C.A.","contributorId":25509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagley","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019306,"text":"70019306 - 1996 - Friction-term response to boundary-condition type in flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-12T16:48:02.312178","indexId":"70019306","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2338,"text":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Friction-term response to boundary-condition type in flow models","docAbstract":"<p><span>The friction-slope term in the unsteady open-channel flow equations is examined using two numerical models based on different formulations of the governing equations and employing different solution methods. The purposes of the study are to analyze, evaluate, and demonstrate the behavior of the term in a set of controlled numerical experiments using varied types and combinations of boundary conditions. Results of numerical experiments illustrate that a given model can respond inconsistently for the identical resistance-coefficient value under different types and combinations of boundary conditions. Findings also demonstrate that two models employing different dependent variables and solution methods can respond similarly for the identical resistance-coefficient value under similar types and combinations of boundary conditions. Discussion of qualitative considerations and quantitative experimental results provides insight into the proper treatment, evaluation, and significance of the friction-slope term, thereby offering practical guidelines for model implementation and calibration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:2(73)","issn":"07339429","usgsCitation":"Schaffranek, R., and Lai, C., 1996, Friction-term response to boundary-condition type in flow models: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 122, no. 2, p. 73-81, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1996)122:2(73).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"81","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13ede4b0c8380cd54826","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranek, R.W.","contributorId":61468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranek","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lai, C.","contributorId":27622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019379,"text":"70019379 - 1996 - Reactive solute transport in streams: 1. Development of an equilibrium- based model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T09:49:42","indexId":"70019379","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive solute transport in streams: 1. Development of an equilibrium- based model","docAbstract":"<p><span>An equilibrium-based solute transport model is developed for the simulation of trace metal fate and transport in streams. The model is formed by coupling a solute transport model with a chemical equilibrium submodel based on MINTEQ. The solute transport model considers the physical processes of advection, dispersion, lateral inflow, and transient storage, while the equilibrium submodel considers the speciation and complexation of aqueous species, precipitation/dissolution and sorption. Within the model, reactions in the water column may result in the formation of solid phases (precipitates and sorbed species) that are subject to downstream transport and settling processes. Solid phases on the streambed may also interact with the water column through dissolution and sorption/desorption reactions. Consideration of both mobile (water-borne) and immobile (streambed) solid phases requires a unique set of governing differential equations and solution techniques that are developed herein. The partial differential equations describing physical transport and the algebraic equations describing chemical equilibria are coupled using the sequential iteration approach.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR03106","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., Bencala, K.E., Broshears, R.E., and Chapra, S.C., 1996, Reactive solute transport in streams: 1. Development of an equilibrium- based model: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 409-418, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03106.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"418","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226742,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9587e4b0c8380cd81a8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Broshears, Robert E.","contributorId":40675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Broshears","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapra, Steven C.","contributorId":189667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapra","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70184587,"text":"70184587 - 1996 - Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:22:11","indexId":"70184587","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured forage intake, digestibility, and retention time for 11 free-ranging, human-imprinted lesser snow geese (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Chen caerulescens caerulescens</i><span>) as they consumed underground stembases of tall cotton-grass (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Eriophorum angustifolium</i><span>) on an arctic staging area in northeastern Alaska. Geese fed in small patches (<i>x̄</i></span><span>=21.5 m</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of forage that made up ≤3% of the study area and consisted of high-quality “aquatic graminoid” and intermediate-quality “wet sedge” vegetation types. Dominant geese spent more time feeding in aquatic graminoid areas (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span>=0.61), but less total time feeding and more time resting than subdominant geese. Subdominant geese were displaced to areas of wet sedge where cotton-grass was a smaller proportion of underground biomass. Geese metabolized an average of 48% of the organic matter in stembases and there was a positive correlation between dominance and organic matter metabolizability (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">r</i><span>=0.61). Total mean retention time of forage was 1.37 h and dry matter intake was 14.3 g/h. Snow geese that stage on the coastal plain of the Beaufort Sea likely use an extensive area because they consume a large mass of forage and exploit habitats that are patchily distributed and make up a small percentage of the landscape. Individual variation in nutrient absorption may result from agonistic interactions in an environment where resources are heterogeneously distributed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00334646","usgsCitation":"Hupp, J.W., White, R.G., Sedinger, J.S., and Robertson, D.G., 1996, Forage digestibility and intake by lesser snow geese: effects of dominance and resource heterogeneity: Oecologia, v. 108, no. 2, p. 232-240, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334646.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"240","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"108","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c947e4b0f37a93ee9b77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Robert G.","contributorId":181759,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":682134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robertson, Donna G.","contributorId":29965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019328,"text":"70019328 - 1996 - Occurrence and morphology of carbonate concretions in the Beulah-Zap coal bed, Williston basin, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:11","indexId":"70019328","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Occurrence and morphology of carbonate concretions in the Beulah-Zap coal bed, Williston basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Carbonate concretionary bodies were encountered during mining of the Beulah-Zap lignite seam in the Coteau Properties' Freedom mine, Mercer County, North Dakota. Preliminary studies show that areal and vertical distribution of the concretions are variable. All concretions examined are composed almost entirely of calcite. They occur as thin tabular bodies, as more or less elliptical forms, or as tear shaped bodies, and may occur individually or as clusters of buff-colored, poorly consolidated to solidly crystalline material. The carbonate masses vary in size from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. Bedding in the lignite may display some compactional folding over dense spheroidal to elliptical concretions, indicating formation of the concretions prior to compaction. Internal morphology of the concretions is complex, and includes cone-in-cone structure, cross-cutting calcite veinlets, and multiple generations of calcite. Carbon isotope values suggest the concretions are composed of biogenic carbonate, probably related to early diagenesis and decomposition of organic matter (peat); oxygen isotope values are light, and consistent with a freshwater origin.","largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(96)00020-4","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Keighin, C., Flores, R.M., and Rowland, T., 1996, Occurrence and morphology of carbonate concretions in the Beulah-Zap coal bed, Williston basin, North Dakota, <i>in</i> Organic Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 2, p. 227-232, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(96)00020-4.","startPage":"227","endPage":"232","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205737,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(96)00020-4"},{"id":226509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b70e4b0c8380cd746c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keighin, C.W.M.","contributorId":10170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keighin","given":"C.W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, T.","contributorId":69723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019298,"text":"70019298 - 1996 - Petrogenesis of the flood-basalt sequence at Noril'sk, North Central Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T11:52:53.041776","indexId":"70019298","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2020,"text":"International Geology Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the flood-basalt sequence at Noril'sk, North Central Siberia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","issn":"00206814","usgsCitation":"Fedorenko, V., Lightfoot, P., Naldrett, A., Czamanske, G., Hawkesworth, C., Wooden, J.L., and Ebel, D., 1996, Petrogenesis of the flood-basalt sequence at Noril'sk, North Central Siberia: International Geology Review, v. 38, no. 2, p. 99-135.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7784e4b0c8380cd784fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fedorenko, V.A.","contributorId":59961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedorenko","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lightfoot, P.C.","contributorId":43506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lightfoot","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naldrett, A.J.","contributorId":88490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naldrett","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hawkesworth, C.J.","contributorId":47818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawkesworth","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebel, D.S.","contributorId":37879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019311,"text":"70019311 - 1996 - The generation of HCl in the system CaCl<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O: Vapor-liquid relations from 380-500°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-21T13:37:58","indexId":"70019311","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The generation of HCl in the system CaCl<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O: Vapor-liquid relations from 380-500°C","docAbstract":"We determined vapor-liquid relations (P-T-x) and derived critical parameters for the system CaCl2-H2O from 380-500??C. Results show that the two-phase region of this system is extremely large and occupies a significant portion of the P-T space to which circulation of fluids in the Earth's crust is constrained. Results also show the system generates significant amounts of HCl (as much as 0.1 mol/kg) in the vapor phase buffered by the liquid at surprisingly high pressures (???230 bars at 380??C, <580 bars at 500??C), presumably by hydrolysis of CaCl2: CaCl2 + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl. We interpret the abundance of HCl in the vapor as due to its preference for the vapor phase, and by the preference of Ca(OH)2 for either the liquid phase or solid. The recent recognition of the abundance of CaCl2 in deep brines of the Earth's crust and their hydrothermal mobilization makes the hydrolysis of CaCl2 geologically important. The boiling of Ca-rich brines produces abundant HCl buffered by the presence of the liquid at moderate pressures. The resultant Ca(OH)2 generated by this process reacts with silicates to form a variety of alteration products, such as epidote, whereas the vapor produces acid-alteration of rocks through which it ascends.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(95)00365-7","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., Rosenbauer, R.J., and Fournier, R.O., 1996, The generation of HCl in the system CaCl<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O: Vapor-liquid relations from 380-500°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, no. 1, p. 7-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00365-7.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205800,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00365-7"},{"id":226875,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac3de4b08c986b323370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70019334,"text":"70019334 - 1996 - Combined use of flowmeter and time-drawdown data to estimate hydraulic conductivities in layered aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-01T14:42:35","indexId":"70019334","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined use of flowmeter and time-drawdown data to estimate hydraulic conductivities in layered aquifer systems","docAbstract":"The vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in layered aquifer systems commonly is needed for model simulations of ground-water flow and transport. In previous studies, time-drawdown data or flowmeter data were used individually, but not in combination, to estimate hydraulic conductivity. In this study, flowmeter data and time-drawdown data collected from a long-screened production well and nearby monitoring wells are combined to estimate the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity in a complex multilayer coastal aquifer system. Flowmeter measurements recorded as a function of depth delineate nonuniform inflow to the wellbore, and this information is used to better discretize the vertical distribution of hydraulic conductivity using analytical and numerical methods. The time-drawdown data complement the flowmeter data by giving insight into the hydraulic response of aquitards when flow rates within the wellbore are below the detection limit of the flowmeter. The combination of these field data allows for the testing of alternative conceptual models of radial flow to the wellbore.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb01868.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., and Nishikawa, T., 1996, Combined use of flowmeter and time-drawdown data to estimate hydraulic conductivities in layered aquifer systems: Ground Water, v. 34, no. 1, p. 84-94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb01868.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7dbe4b0c8380cd4cd31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, R. T.","contributorId":91148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70019294,"text":"70019294 - 1996 - The effect of using different 0.45 μm filter membranes on 'dissolved' element concentrations in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T17:23:44.691469","indexId":"70019294","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The effect of using different 0.45 μm filter membranes on 'dissolved' element concentrations in natural waters","docAbstract":"<p><span>The effect of 4 different 0.45 μm pore size filter membrane systems on the ‘dissolved’ concentration of 28 elements in 5 natural water samples of varying matrix is reported. In 3 of the 5 waters, consistently higher concentrations of most elements (minor and trace) are obtained using Nucleopore 47 mm filter and the cellulose acetate/nitrate 47 mm filter than those measured using the 142 mm cellulose nitrate MFS filter or the Gelman capsule 47 mm filter. These distinct and coherent patterns in elemental behaviour disappear for the other 2 samples, an organic-rich peat water of high suspended load and a mineralised sample high in Si and Ca. Thus the nature and degree of filtration artifacts is matrix-dependent. These trends are evident in both data sets produced by 2 independent laboratories using different instrumentation, techniques and calibrating procedures. The average relative standard deviation in elemental concentration across the 4 filter types is in the range 9–21%. The presence of such filtration artifacts must be considered in projects where, for example, seasonal variability of water composition is under examination, data from various sources are being merged or hydrogeochemical surveys are being conducted.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(96)00059-5","usgsCitation":"Hall, G., Bonham-Carter, G.F., Horowitz, A.J., Lum, K., Lemieux, C., Quemerais, B., and Garbarino, J., 1996, The effect of using different 0.45 μm filter membranes on 'dissolved' element concentrations in natural waters: Applied Geochemistry, v. 11, no. 1-2, p. 243-249, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(96)00059-5.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"249","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bab5ee4b08c986b322dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, G.E.M.","contributorId":67671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"G.E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonham-Carter, G. F.","contributorId":39137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonham-Carter","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horowitz, A. J.","contributorId":102066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowitz","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lum, K.","contributorId":60791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lum","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lemieux, C.","contributorId":18118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemieux","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Quemerais, B.","contributorId":57218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quemerais","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70019329,"text":"70019329 - 1996 - Reactive solute transport in streams: 2. Simulation of a pH modification experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-20T09:43:37","indexId":"70019329","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reactive solute transport in streams: 2. Simulation of a pH modification experiment","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present an application of an equilibrium-based solute transport model to a&nbsp;</span><i>p</i><span>H-modification experiment conducted on the Snake River, an acidic, metal-rich stream located in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. During the experiment, instream<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H decreased from 4.2 to 3.2, causing a marked increase in dissolved iron concentrations. Model application requires specification of several parameters that are estimated using tracer techniques, mass balance calculations, and geochemical data. Two basic questions are addressed through model application: (1) What are the processes responsible for the observed increase in dissolved iron concentrations? (2) Can the identified processes be represented within the equilibrium-based transport model? Simulation results indicate that the increase in iron was due to the dissolution of hydrous iron oxides and the photoreduction of ferric iron. Dissolution from the streambed is represented by considering a trace compartment consisting of freshly precipitated hydrous iron oxide and an abundant compartment consisting of aged precipitates that are less soluble. Spatial variability in the solubility of hydrous iron oxide is attributed to heterogeneity in the streambed sediments, temperature effects, and/or variability in the effects of photoreduction. Solubility products estimated via simulation fall within a narrow range (</span><i>pK<sub>sp</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from 40.2 to 40.8) relative to the 6 order of magnitude variation reported for laboratory experiments (</span><i>pK<sub>sp</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from 37.3 to 43.3). Results also support the use of an equilibrium-based transport model as the predominate features of the iron and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H profiles are reproduced. The model provides a valuable tool for quantifying the nature and extent of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>H-dependent processes within the context of hydrologic transport.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95WR03107","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., McKnight, D.M., Bencala, K.E., and Chapra, S.C., 1996, Reactive solute transport in streams: 2. Simulation of a pH modification experiment: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 2, p. 419-430, https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR03107.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"430","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226510,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9588e4b0c8380cd81a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":382368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":382370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapra, Steven C.","contributorId":189667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapra","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70019299,"text":"70019299 - 1996 - The accuracy of seismic estimates of dynamic strains: an evaluation using strainmeter and seismometer data from Piñon Flat Observatory, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:16:21.258696","indexId":"70019299","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The accuracy of seismic estimates of dynamic strains: an evaluation using strainmeter and seismometer data from Piñon Flat Observatory, California","docAbstract":"<div id=\"136841857\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The dynamic strains associated with seismic waves may play a significant role in earthquake triggering, hydrological and magmatic changes, earthquake damage, and ground failure. We determine how accurately dynamic strains may be estimated from seismometer data and elastic-wave theory by comparing such estimated strains with strains measured on a three-component long-base strainmeter system at Piñon Flat, California. We quantify the uncertainties and errors through cross-spectral analysis of data from three regional earthquakes (the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4 × 10<sup>17</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>N-m St. George, Utah;<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 4 × 10<sup>17</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>N-m Little Skull Mountain, Nevada; and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><sub>0</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1 × 10<sup>19</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>N-m Northridge, California, events at distances of 470, 345, and 206 km, respectively). Our analysis indicates that in most cases the phase of the estimated strain matches that of the observed strain quite well (to within the uncertainties, which are about ±0.1 to ±0.2 cycles). However, the amplitudes are often systematically off, at levels exceeding the uncertainties (about 20%); in one case, the predicted strain amplitudes are nearly twice those observed. We also observe significant<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ<sub>φφ</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>strains (<i>φ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= tangential direction), which should be zero theoretically; in the worst case, the rms<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ<sub>φφ</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>strain exceeds the other nonzero components. These nonzero<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ɛ<sub>φφ</sub></i><span>&nbsp;</span>strains cannot be caused by deviations of the surface-wave propagation paths from the expected azimuth or by departures from the plane-wave approximation. We believe that distortion of the strain field by topography or material heterogeneities give rise to these complexities.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA08601A0212","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Gomberg, J.S., and Agnew, D., 1996, The accuracy of seismic estimates of dynamic strains: an evaluation using strainmeter and seismometer data from Piñon Flat Observatory, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 86, no. 1 SUPPL. A, p. 212-220, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA08601A0212.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"212","endPage":"220","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Piñon Flat Observatory","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.4208087174198,\n              35.82058748907717\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.96914856116959,\n              35.82058748907717\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.96914856116959,\n              32.90091090249189\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4208087174198,\n              32.90091090249189\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.4208087174198,\n              35.82058748907717\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"1 SUPPL. A","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba99de4b08c986b3223ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomberg, Joan S. 0000-0002-0134-2606 gomberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-2606","contributorId":1269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomberg","given":"Joan","email":"gomberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":382291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agnew, Duncan Carr","contributorId":53686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agnew","given":"Duncan Carr","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":382290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1017400,"text":"1017400 - 1996 - Letter to the editor: current subspecific names for western Thamnophis sirtalis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:35","indexId":"1017400","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Letter to the editor: current subspecific names for western Thamnophis sirtalis","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Barry, S., Jennings, M., and Smith, H., 1996, Letter to the editor: current subspecific names for western Thamnophis sirtalis: Herpetological Review, v. 27, no. 4, p. 172-173.","productDescription":"p. 172-173","startPage":"172","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132789,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barry, S.J.","contributorId":99088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, M.R.","contributorId":18296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, H.M.","contributorId":89483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"H.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018079,"text":"70018079 - 1996 - Structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology of the Little Plain basin, northwestern Hungary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-20T15:42:26.96255","indexId":"70018079","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology of the Little Plain basin, northwestern Hungary","docAbstract":"<p>The basement of the Little Plain (Kisalfold) basin is composed of two parts: an eastern part comprised of folded and overthrusted Triassic and Paleozoic rocks of the Pelso block (Transdanubian Central Range) compressed in the Early Cretaceous, and a western part consisting of stacked nappes of the Austroalpine zone of Paleozoic rocks, significantly metamorphosed during Cretaceous and later compression, overriding Jurassic oceanic rift-zone rocks of the Penninic zone.</p><p>The evolution of the basin began in the late Karpatian-early Badenian (middle Miocene) when the eastern part of the basin began to open along conjugate sets of northeast- and northwest-trending normal faults.</p><p>Neogene rocks in the study area, on the average, contain less than 0.5 wt. % total organic carbon (TOC) and, therefore, are not considered effective source rocks. Locally, however, where TOC values are as high as 3 wt. %, significant amounts of gas may have been generated and expelled. Although potential stratigraphic traps are numerous in the Neogene section, these potential traps must be downgraded because of the small amount of hydrocarbons discovered in structural traps to date.</p><p>With the exception of the Cretaceous, the Mesozoic section has not been actively explored. Large anticlinal and overthrust structures involving pre-Cretaceous strata remain undrilled.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/64EDA168-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Mattick, R.E., Teleki, P.G., Phillips, R., Clayton, J., David, G., Pogacsas, G., Bardocz, B., and Simon, E., 1996, Structure, stratigraphy, and petroleum geology of the Little Plain basin, northwestern Hungary: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 80, no. 11, p. 1780-1800, https://doi.org/10.1306/64EDA168-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1780","endPage":"1800","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Hungary","otherGeospatial":"Little Plain basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              16.29563326930554,\n              48.41460624592102\n            ],\n            [\n              16.29563326930554,\n              46.62479455393577\n            ],\n            [\n              18.09024236635298,\n              46.62479455393577\n            ],\n            [\n              18.09024236635298,\n              48.41460624592102\n            ],\n            [\n              16.29563326930554,\n              48.41460624592102\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c6ce4b08c986b31d3f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mattick, Robert E.","contributorId":44130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teleki, P. G.","contributorId":31137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teleki","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clayton, J.L.","contributorId":76767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"David, G.","contributorId":16594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pogacsas, G.","contributorId":138735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pogacsas","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bardocz, B.","contributorId":92815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bardocz","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Simon, E.","contributorId":43515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70018058,"text":"70018058 - 1996 - Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California sequence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70018058","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California sequence","docAbstract":"Close examination of the P waves from earthquakes ranging in size across several orders of magnitude shows that the shape of the initiation of the velocity waveforms is independent of the magnitude of the earthquake. A model in which earthquakes of all sizes have similar rupture initiation can explain the data. This suggests that it is difficult to estimate the eventual size of an earthquake from the initial portion of the waveform. Previously reported curvature seen in the beginning of some velocity waveforms can be largely explained as the effect of anelastic attenuation; thus there is little evidence for a departure from models of simple rupture initiation that grow dynamically from a small region. The results of this study indicate that any \"precursory\" radiation at seismic frequencies must emanate from a source region no larger than the equivalent of a M0.5 event (i.e. a characteristic length of ???10 m). The size of the nucleation region for magnitude 0 to 5 earthquakes thus is not resolvable with the standard seismic instrumentation deployed in California. Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., and Kanamori, H., 1996, Initial rupture of earthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California sequence: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, no. 18, p. 2437-2440.","startPage":"2437","endPage":"2440","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bebe4b0c8380cd6292d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kanamori, H.","contributorId":55438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanamori","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018076,"text":"70018076 - 1996 - Geometry of the 1954 Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquake sequence from a joint inversion of leveling and triangulation data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T17:22:09.162863","indexId":"70018076","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry of the 1954 Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquake sequence from a joint inversion of leveling and triangulation data","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1954, four earthquakes greater than&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>s</sub></i><span>&nbsp;= 6.0 occurred within a 30-km radius and in a period of 6 months. Elevation and angle changes calculated from repeated leveling and triangulation surveys which span the coseismic period provide constraints on the fault geometries and coseismic slip of the faults which were activated. The quality of the coseismic geodetic data is assessed. Corrections are applied to the leveling data for subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal in the Fallon area, and a rod miscalibration error of 150 ± 30 ppm is isolated in leveling surveys made in 1967. The leveling and triangulation observations are then simultaneously inverted using the single value decomposition (SVD) inversion method to determine fault geometries and coseismic slip. Using SVD, it is possible to determine on which faults slip is resolvable given the data distribution. The faults are found to dip between 50° and 80° and extend to depths of 5 to 14 km. The geodetically derived slip values are generally equal to, or greater than, the maximum observed displacement along the surface scarps. Where slip is resolvable the geodetic data indicates the 1954 sequence contained a significant component of right-lateral slip. This is consistent with the N15°W trending shear zone which geodetic surveys have detected in western Nevada.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB01643","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hodgkinson, K., Stein, R., and Marshall, G., 1996, Geometry of the 1954 Fairview Peak-Dixie Valley earthquake sequence from a joint inversion of leveling and triangulation data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. B11, p. 25437-25457, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB01643.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"25437","endPage":"25457","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228550,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a276ee4b0c8380cd598aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkinson, K.M.","contributorId":99314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkinson","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, G.","contributorId":21292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018056,"text":"70018056 - 1996 - Occurrence and significance of stalactites within the epithermal deposits at Creede, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70018056","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence and significance of stalactites within the epithermal deposits at Creede, Colorado","docAbstract":"In addition to the common and abundant features in karst terranes, stalactites involving a wide variety of minerals have also been found in other settings, including epigenetic mineral deposits, but these are almost always associated with supergene stages. Here we describe a different mode of occurrence from the Creede epithermal ore deposits, in Colorado, wherein stalactites of silica, sphalerite, galena, or pyrite formed in a vapor-dominated setting, below the paleo-water table, and except possibly for pyrite, as part of the hypogene mineralization. Axial cavities may, or may not, be present. No stalagmites have been recognized. The stalactites are small, from a few millimeters to a few centimeters long and a few millimeters in outer diameter. They represent only a small fraction of one percent of the total mineralization, and are covered by later crystals. Their growth orientation usually is unobservable; however, the parallel arrangement of all stalactites in a given specimen, consistency with indicators of gravitational settling, and the common presence of axial structures make the stalactitic interpretation almost unavoidable. In contrast with common carbonate stalactites, the growth mechanism for the sulfide and silica stalactites requires extensive evaporation. Stalactitic forms have also been reported from other deposits, mostly epithermal or Mississippi-Valley-type occurrences, but we caution that stalactite-like features can form by alternative processes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W.R., and Barton, P.B., 1996, Occurrence and significance of stalactites within the epithermal deposits at Creede, Colorado: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 34, no. 5, p. 905-930.","startPage":"905","endPage":"930","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b7de4b0c8380cd7471b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W. R.","contributorId":20775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barton, P. B. Jr.","contributorId":23683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018633,"text":"70018633 - 1996 - Basal debris entrainment and transport in glaciers of southwestern Bylot Island, Canadian Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-31T01:44:05.493832","indexId":"70018633","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":794,"text":"Annals of Glaciology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Basal debris entrainment and transport in glaciers of southwestern Bylot Island, Canadian Arctic","docAbstract":"Glaciers on southwestern Bylot Island in the Canadian Arctic flow from an alpine setting in high-grade crystalline Archean terrane, on to coastal lowlands underlain by clastic sedimentary strata of Cretaceous to Tertiary age. We have used the contrasting mineralogy of the substrate as a tool to study subglacial entrainment and transport of debris in two large piedmont glaciers on Bylot Island. High chlorite/ and mica-illite/smectite ratios indicate that most basal debris is derived from crystalline rocks underlying the upper reaches of the glaciers. The subglacial accretion of Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments appears restricted to the lowermost part of the basal zone and is most noticeable near the glaciers' termini. Ice associated with discrete silty-sandy debris layers is characterized by an isotopic signature indicative of refreezing of meltwater at the glacier sole. The compositional, textural and isotopic characteristics of basal sediment and ice lead us to conclude that subglacial entrainment through basal ice accretion occurs in both the upper and marginal parts of the glaciers.","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.3189/1996AoG22-1-107-113","issn":"02603055","usgsCitation":"Zdanowicz, C., Michel, F., and Shilts, W., 1996, Basal debris entrainment and transport in glaciers of southwestern Bylot Island, Canadian Arctic: Annals of Glaciology, v. 22, p. 107-113, https://doi.org/10.3189/1996AoG22-1-107-113.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"113","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479067,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300891","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227263,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Bylot Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.33323513264861,\n              72.83548879187873\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6303542732732,\n              72.83548879187873\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6303542732732,\n              73.22982195707812\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.33323513264861,\n              73.22982195707812\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.33323513264861,\n              72.83548879187873\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efc1e4b0c8380cd4a425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zdanowicz, C.M.","contributorId":30771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zdanowicz","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michel, F.A.","contributorId":93218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"F.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shilts, W.W.","contributorId":54357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shilts","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1014844,"text":"1014844 - 1996 - Comparison of four cell diluents to determine viable counts of Renibacterinium salmoninarum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T12:30:10.370626","indexId":"1014844","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1036,"text":"Biomedical Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of four cell diluents to determine viable counts of Renibacterinium salmoninarum","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Starliper, C.E., 1996, Comparison of four cell diluents to determine viable counts of Renibacterinium salmoninarum: Biomedical Letters, v. 53, p. 139-147.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131579,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae315","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starliper, C. E.","contributorId":59739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starliper","given":"C.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":321338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018062,"text":"70018062 - 1996 - Simultaneous confidence intervals for a steady-state leaky aquifer groundwater flow model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70018062","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simultaneous confidence intervals for a steady-state leaky aquifer groundwater flow model","docAbstract":"Using the optimization method of Vecchia & Cooley (1987), nonlinear Scheffe??-type confidence intervals were calculated tor the parameters and the simulated heads of a steady-state groundwater flow model covering 450 km2 of a leaky aquifer. The nonlinear confidence intervals are compared to corresponding linear intervals. As suggested by the significant nonlinearity of the regression model, linear confidence intervals are often not accurate. The commonly made assumption that widths of linear confidence intervals always underestimate the actual (nonlinear widths was not correct for the head intervals. Results show that nonlinear effects can cause the nonlinear intervals to be offset from, and either larger or smaller than, the linear approximations. Prior information on some transmissivities helps reduce and stabilize the confidence intervals, with the most notable effects occurring for the parameters on which there is prior information and for head values in parameter zones for which there is prior information on the parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Christensen, S., and Cooley, R., 1996, Simultaneous confidence intervals for a steady-state leaky aquifer groundwater flow model: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 237, p. 561-569.","startPage":"561","endPage":"569","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"237","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90cfe4b08c986b31967c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, S.","contributorId":30387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018567,"text":"70018567 - 1996 - Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-06T15:41:45.086613","indexId":"70018567","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":889,"text":"Archives of Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new, phylogenetically distinct, dissimilatory, Fe(III)-reducing bacterium was isolated from surface sediment of a hydrocarbon-contaminated ditch. The isolate, designated strain PAL-1, was an obligately anaerobic, non-fermentative, motile, gram-negative vibrio. PAL-1 grew in a defined medium with acetate as electron donor and ferric pyrophosphate, ferric oxyhydroxide, ferric citrate, Co(III)-EDTA, or elemental sulfur as sole electron acceptor. PAL-1 also used proline, hydrogen, lactate, propionate, succinate, fumarate, pyruvate, or yeast extract as electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. It is the first bacterium known to couple the oxidation of an amino acid to Fe(III) reduction. PAl-1 did not reduce oxygen, Mn(IV), U(VI), Cr(VI), nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfate with acetate as the electron donor. Cell suspensions of PAL-1 exhibited dithionite-reduced&nbsp;</span><i>minus</i><span>&nbsp;air-oxidized difference spectra that were characteristic of&nbsp;</span><i>c</i><span>-type cytochromes. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of PAL-1 showed that the strain is not related to any of the described metal-reducing bacteria in the Proteobacteria and, together with&nbsp;</span><i>Flexistipes sinusarabici,<span>&nbsp;</span></i><span>forms a separate line of descent within the Bacteria. Phenotypically and phylogenetically, strain PAl-1 differs from all other described bacteria, and represents the type strain of a new genus and species,&nbsp;</span><i>Geovibrio</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>ferrireducens</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002030050340","usgsCitation":"Caccavo, F., Coates, J.D., Rossello-Mora, R.A., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.H., Lovley, D.R., and McInerney, M.K., 1996, Geovibrio ferrireducens, a phylogenetically distinct dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium: Archives of Microbiology, v. 165, no. 6, p. 370-376, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002030050340.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480166,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.montana.edu/handle/1/14267","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227570,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"165","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28e0e4b0c8380cd5a4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caccavo, F. Jr.","contributorId":15351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caccavo","given":"F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coates, John D.","contributorId":107667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rossello-Mora, R. A.","contributorId":45065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossello-Mora","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ludwig, W.","contributorId":81263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schleifer, K. H.","contributorId":106660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleifer","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McInerney, Michael K.","contributorId":196370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McInerney","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}