Two independent methods, with no common assumptions, have been used to estimate the extension across the heavily deformed Tempe Terra province of the Tharsis region of Mars. One method uses measurements of normal fault scarp width with average scarp slope data for simple grabens and rifts on Mars to estimate the fault throw, which, combined with sparse fault dip data, can be used to estimate extension. Formal uncertainties in this method are only slightly greater than those in other methods, given that the total uncertainty is dominated by the likely uncertainty in the fault dip (assumed to be 60° ± 15°). Measurement of normal fault scarp widths along two N25°–50°W directed traverses across Tempe Terra both yield about 22 ± 16 km of extension (or ∼2% strain across the northern traverse and nearly 3% across the southern one). About three quarters of the extension has occurred during the two main phases of Tharsis-related deformation from Middle/Late Noachian to Early Hesperian and from Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian, with more extension closer to the center of Tharsis during the first phase. Extension across the region was also determined by measuring the elongation and elongation direction of all ancient Noachian impact craters without ejecta blankets, which predate most of the deformation. Results have been corrected for initial non circularity of craters, established from similar measurements of young (post deformation) impact craters, yielding a statistically significant mean strain of 1.96 ± 0.35% in a N38° ± 10°W direction across Tempe Terra (extension of ∼20 ± 4, comparable in magnitude and direction to the average result from the scarp measurement method). Both methods indicate an average extension for single normal fault scarps (and shortening across wrinkle ridges for the crater method) of ∼100 m. The agreement between the results of the two independent methods in overall extension and average single normal fault extension argues that the average scarp slope and fault dip data in the fault scarp width method accurately represent the actual extension across the observed structures. This conclusion supports existing geometric and kinematic models for structural features on Mars. A preliminary estimate of the total circumferential extension around Tharsis (at a radius of ∼2500 km) is roughly 60 ± 42 km; total hoop strain is about 0.4% distributed heterogeneously (Tempe Terra is the most highly strained region on Mars).
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JE02709","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Golombek, M., Tanaka, K.L., and Franklin, B., 1996, Extension across Tempe Terra, Mars, from measurements of fault scarp widths and deformed craters: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 101, no. E11, p. 26119-26130, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JE02709.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"26119","endPage":"26130","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228772,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"101","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e41e4b0c8380cd53384","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Golombek, M.P.","contributorId":52696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golombek","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanaka, K. L.","contributorId":31394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tanaka","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, B.J.","contributorId":48358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1000640,"text":"1000640 - 1996 - Recovery of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Hexagenia) in western Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T12:54:32","indexId":"1000640","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Hexagenia) in western Lake Erie","docAbstract":"Burrowing mayflies (Hexagenia spp.) are native to western Lake Erie and were abundant until the 1950s, when they disappeared due to degraded water and sediment quality. Nymphs were absent from the sediments of most of western Lake Erie after the 1950s, although small, widely disjunct populations apparently persisted near shore. Sediment samples collected in 1993 revealed several small populations near the western and southern shores and beyond the mouths of the Detroit and Maumee rivers. A larger population was found in the southern island area, but nymphs were absent in the middle of the basin. By 1995, nymphs had spread throughout the western half and eastern end of the basin but remained absent from the middle of the basin. These data indicate thatHexagenia began recolonizing nearshore areas before offshore areas. Increasingly large swarms of winged Hexagenia on shore and over the lake between 1992 and 1994 further indicate that mayflies are recolonizing the basin. Factors that have permitted Hexageniarecovery in western Lake Erie probably include improved sediment and water quality attributed to pollution abatement programs implemented after the early 1970s, and perhaps environmental changes in the early 1990s attributed to effects of the exotic zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70953-X","usgsCitation":"Krieger, K.A., Schloesser, D.W., Manny, B.A., Trisler, C.E., Heady, S.E., Ciborowski, J.J., and Muth, K.M., 1996, Recovery of burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae: Hexagenia) in western Lake Erie: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 254-263, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70953-X.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"263","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e74a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krieger, Kenneth A.","contributorId":12411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krieger","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Don W.","contributorId":21485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trisler, Carmen E.","contributorId":69514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trisler","given":"Carmen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heady, Susan E.","contributorId":13191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heady","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ciborowski, Jan J.H.","contributorId":107240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ciborowski","given":"Jan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Muth, Kenneth M.","contributorId":44863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muth","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1000785,"text":"1000785 - 1996 - Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-03T21:27:37.601627","indexId":"1000785","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":749,"text":"American Zoologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America","title":"Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America","docAbstract":"The reproductive cycle of the zebra mussel {Dreissena polymorpha) is highly variable throughout its range in Europe, Russia, and North America. The environmental factors influencing this variation are poorly understood, but successful reproduction is occurring in areas where it was initially believed that adult zebra mussels could not survive (i.e., southern United States). The differences in mussel reproduction occurring from site-to-site make it difficult to predict timing of specific events, such as the start of larval production, that are important in initiating containment or control procedures. For example, the amount of time required for a fertilized egg to develop into a juvenile mussel can be as short as 8 days, or as long as 240 days. Release of gametes by adults can be a highly synchronized event, focused over a 1–2 week period, or it can be completely non-synchronized, occurring throughout the year. Zebra mussels in some localities start spawning at water temperatures of 12–13°C, but do not start until water temperatures reaches 22°C at other sites. While some of this variability in reproductive behavior stems from mussel adaptation to local conditions, part is due to difficulties in sampling these events. It is difficult to determine reproductive success of a specific population because of the problems in separating locally produced larvae from larvae drifting in from other areas. Further research is needed not only on the relationship between reproduction and environment at the community level, but also on the variability in response of individual mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic Press","doi":"10.1093/icb/36.3.311","usgsCitation":"Nichols, S.J., 1996, Variations in the reproductive cycle of Dreissena polymorpha in Europe, Russia, and North America: American Zoologist, v. 36, no. 3, p. 311-325, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.3.311.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"325","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133573,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Susan Jerrine","contributorId":83076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000676,"text":"1000676 - 1996 - Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T09:34:39","indexId":"1000676","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991","docAbstract":"The ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus, an exotic Eurasian percid, recently became established in the St. Louis River estuary, Lake Superior, after accidental introduction. Management actions (catch regulations and stockings) were enacted in 1989 to increase the density of top-level predators in the estuary, and thus to increase predation on ruffe. We conducted a field and laboratory study to determine if, and to what extent, native piscivores consume ruffe. Stomachs of 3,669 predators were examined in 1989–1991. Ruffe occurred in 6.7% of burbot Lota lota, 5.8% of bullheads Ictalurus spp., 4.7% of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, 2.6% of northern pike Esox lucius, 2.6% of black crappiesPomoxis nigromaculatus, and 1.3% of yellow perch Perca flavescens (4.5% after 1989) captured during the 3-year study. No ruffe were found in 967 stomachs of walleyesStizostedion vitreum examined. Ruffe were 22.7%, of the diet (by weight) of bullheads (during the only year bullheads were captured) and 0.1–17.9% of the diet of northern pike. Ruffe were 0.9–24.5% of the diet of smallmouth bass that contained fish, 1.5–6.9% of yellow perch that contained fish, and 0.0–10.9% of black crappies that contained fish. Most ruffe eaten were age-0 or small age- 1 fish. In the laboratory, walleyes that were first fed soft-rayed prey or that were also offered soft-rayed prey consumed very few ruffe, whereas walleyes that were first fed spiny-rayed yellow perch or were also offered yellow perch consumed about equal numbers of ruffe and yellow perch. Northern pike and burbot consumed about equal numbers of ruffe and yellow perch in the laboratory. It is unlikely that predation will effectively control the initial expansion of ruffe in other areas of the Great Lakes because native predators initially consume few ruffe, especially if more preferred soft-rayed prey are available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0115:PORBNF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ogle, D.H., Selgeby, J.H., Savino, J.F., Newman, R.M., and Henry, M.G., 1996, Predation on ruffe by native fishes of the St. Louis River Estuary, Lake Superior, 1989-1991: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 16, no. 1, p. 115-123, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0115:PORBNF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"123","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogle, Derek H.","contributorId":73967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogle","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Newman, Raymond M.","contributorId":99519,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newman","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000651,"text":"1000651 - 1996 - Myxobolus cognati n. sp. (Myxosporea) from the opercular integument of Cottus cognatus (Cottidae) in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-14T09:39:12","indexId":"1000651","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Myxobolus cognati n. sp. (Myxosporea) from the opercular integument of Cottus cognatus (Cottidae) in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"A myxosporean producing aggregations of white pseudocysts in skin covering the posterior margin of the operculum and perioral tissue of Cottus cognatus in Lake Michigan is described as Myxobolus cognati n. sp. (Myxosporea). Histological sections revealed that the parasite develops in vascularized regions of the dermis and with development protrudes beyond the surrounding skin surface. Myxobolus cognati resembles Myxobolus rhinichthidis Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939 from subepithelial tissue of the operculum of the cyprinid Rhinichthys cataractae. Spores in the 2 species are the same size and shape. However, in contrast to those of M. cognati, spores of M. rhinichthidis have filament coils wound loosely at 45A? to the axis of the polar capsule and have no natural sutural ridge folds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3284129","usgsCitation":"Cone, D.K., Stickel, R.G., Eck, G.W., and Muzzall, P.M., 1996, Myxobolus cognati n. sp. (Myxosporea) from the opercular integument of Cottus cognatus (Cottidae) in Lake Michigan: Journal of Parasitology, v. 82, no. 1, p. 137-139, https://doi.org/10.2307/3284129.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486856,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3284129","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":132853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cone, David K.","contributorId":107241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cone","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, Richard Greg","contributorId":37291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"Greg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eck, Gary W.","contributorId":106053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eck","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muzzall, Patrick M.","contributorId":61371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muzzall","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1000677,"text":"1000677 - 1996 - Comparison of three nonlinear models to describe long-term tag shedding by lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-11T12:37:35","indexId":"1000677","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of three nonlinear models to describe long-term tag shedding by lake trout","docAbstract":"We estimated long-term tag-shedding rates for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush using two existing models and a model we developed to account for the observed permanence of some tags. Because tag design changed over the course of the study, we examined tag-shedding rates for three types of numbered anchor tags (Floy tags FD-67, FD-67C, and FD-68BC) and an unprinted anchor tag (FD-67F). Lake trout from the Gull Island Shoal region, Lake Superior, were double-tagged, and subsequent recaptures were monitored in annual surveys conducted from 1974 to 1992. We modeled tag-shedding rates, using time at liberty and probabilities of tag shedding estimated from fish released in 1974 and 1978–1983 and later recaptured. Long-term shedding of numbered anchor tags in lake trout was best described by a nonlinear model with two parameters: an instantaneous tag-shedding rate and a constant representing the proportion of tags that were never shed. Although our estimates of annual shedding rates varied with tag type (0.300 for FD-67, 0.441 for FD-67C, and 0.656 for FD-68BC), differences were not significant. About 36% of tags remained permanently affixed to the fish. Of the numbered tags that were shed (about 64%), two mechanisms contributed to tag loss: disintegration and dislodgment. Tags from about 11% of recaptured fish had disintegrated, but most tags were dislodged. Unprinted tags were shed at a significant but low rate immediately after release, but the long-term, annual shedding rate of these tags was only 0.013. Compared with unprinted tags, numbered tags dislodged at higher annual rates; we hypothesized that this was due to the greater frictional drag associated with the larger cross-sectional area of numbered tags.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0261:COTNMT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fabrizio, M.C., Swanson, B.L., Schram, S.T., and Hoff, M.H., 1996, Comparison of three nonlinear models to describe long-term tag shedding by lake trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 125, no. 2, p. 261-273, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1996)125<0261:COTNMT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"273","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a3be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fabrizio, Mary C.","contributorId":77471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fabrizio","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Bruce L.","contributorId":105660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schram, Stephen T.","contributorId":59384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schram","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":23878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223098,"text":"5223098 - 1996 - Habitat characteristics of American woodcock nest sites on a managed area in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-30T17:37:50.053273","indexId":"5223098","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat characteristics of American woodcock nest sites on a managed area in Maine","docAbstract":"We measured characteristics of habitat near 89 nests of American woodcock (Scolopax minor) and 100 randomly selected points on Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge, Calais, Maine, an area managed for woodcock. At nest sites, basal area was lower (P < 0.001), densities of deciduous saplings were greater (P < 0.001), densities of coniferous saplings were lower (P = 0.001), densities of shrub stems were greater (P = 0.002), and height of trees was shorter (P = 0.001) than at random sites. Nest sites were closer to openings (P < 0.001) than were random sites. Nests were in 15 cover types. The aspen (Populus spp.), tamarack (Larix laricina), and alder (Alnus rugosa) types were used as nest sites more often than expected in relation to habitat types available at random sites (P < 0.001). Fifty-eight percent (n = 89) of nests were in stands of aspen, 11% in alder or tamarack, and 10% in mature second-growth gray birch (Betula populifolia) and red maple (Acer rubrum). Forty-four percent (n = 89) of the nests were in clearcuts <10 years old. Habitat characteristics around sites of first nests were not different among years (P > 0.05) or between sites of successful nests and nests destroyed by predators, although the large variances of the variables reduced our power to detect differences. Habitat around sites of renests differed from sites of first nests. Sites around first nests had lower basal area of dead trees (P = 0.05) and higher stem densities of aspen (P = 0.03) and cherry saplings (P = 0.001), and viburnum (P = 0.05), while renest sites had taller trees (P = 0.02). The change from nest sites in areas dominated by alders and tree-size gray birch used in 1977-80 to sites dominated by sapling trees, especially aspen, used during 1987-90 suggests that woodcock in the expanding population at the refuge are selecting nest sites created by habitat management since 1979.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802048","usgsCitation":"McAuley, D., Longcore, J., Sepik, G.F., and Pendleton, G.W., 1996, Habitat characteristics of American woodcock nest sites on a managed area in Maine: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 1, p. 138-148, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802048.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"148","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198240,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Calais","otherGeospatial":"Moosehorn National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.3178139727194,\n 45.125820551745136\n ],\n [\n -67.3178139727194,\n 45.04308205412198\n ],\n [\n -67.24566827332606,\n 45.04308205412198\n ],\n [\n -67.24566827332606,\n 45.125820551745136\n ],\n [\n -67.3178139727194,\n 45.125820551745136\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64948f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAuley, Daniel G.","contributorId":346357,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAuley","given":"Daniel G.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, Jerry R.","contributorId":346356,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Longcore","given":"Jerry R.","affiliations":[{"id":37196,"text":"Retired USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sepik, Greg F.","contributorId":100055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sepik","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70175683,"text":"70175683 - 1996 - The influence of spatial patterns of landcover and use on hydrological and ecosystem dynamics at the mountain plains interface in the Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T15:46:18","indexId":"70175683","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The influence of spatial patterns of landcover and use on hydrological and ecosystem dynamics at the mountain plains interface in the Central United States","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of IGBP/BAHC-LUCC Joints Inter-Core Projects Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"IGBP/BAHC-LUCC Joints Inter-Core Projects Symposium","conferenceDate":"1996","conferenceLocation":"Kyoto, Japan","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Baron, J., Ojima, D.S., Hartman, M., Kittel, T.G., Lammers, R., Band, L., and Pielke, R.A., 1996, The influence of spatial patterns of landcover and use on hydrological and ecosystem dynamics at the mountain plains interface in the Central United States, in Proceedings of IGBP/BAHC-LUCC Joints Inter-Core Projects Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, 1996, p. 50-54.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b6dc6fe4b03fd6b7d94c99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ojima, D. S.","contributorId":13166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojima","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, M.D.","contributorId":7671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kittel, Timothy G.F.","contributorId":66612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kittel","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lammers, R.B.","contributorId":67469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lammers","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Band, L.","contributorId":75460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Band","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pielke, R. A.","contributorId":13163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pielke","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1000787,"text":"1000787 - 1996 - Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T15:43:59","indexId":"1000787","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993","docAbstract":"Bathythermal distributions, sexual maturity, and growth of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) strains stocked in Lake Ontario were determined for fish collected with trawls and gill nets in 1978-93. The purpose was to augment the basis for deciding which strains to continue stocking in an effort to reestablish a self-sustaining population. The Clearwater Lake (CWL) strain was found in shallower, warmer water than all other strains; the Seneca Lake (SEN) strain was usually shallower than the Jenny Lake (JEN) and Lake Superior (SUP) strains at ages 1 and 2 but was usually deeper at age 3 and older. Depth distribution of the 'Ontario strain'--from gametes of several strains that survived to maturity in Lake Ontario-- was similar to that of the SEN and SUP strains. About half the males matured at age 4 and half the females at age 5; males < 500 mm and females < 600 mm long were rarely mature. Least-sqaures mean lengths and weights of the CWL strain were greater than those of all other strains through age 4. At age 7 and older, CWL and JEN fish were generally smaller than all other strains. Means lengths and weights of males and females of the same age and strain frequently differed at age 4 and older. Growth in weight at age 4 and older was not associated with biomass indices of prey fishes. Differences in growth rates among strains were associated with bathythermal distribution which is a heritable trait. Weight-length regressions differed by year, sex, and stage of maturity but were rarely different among strains. Competition for space appeared to affect condition of large lake trout. Growth rates and maturity schedules provide little basis for recommending stocking one strain in preference to another. Depth ranges of strains overlapped widely, but lake trout occupied only about one-fourth of available bottom habitat. Stocking several strains should be continued to maximize use of sustainable habitat.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70992-9","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., O’Gorman, R., and Schneider, C.P., 1996, Bathythermal distribution, maturity, and growth of lake trout strains stocked in U.S. waters of Lake Ontario, 1978-1993: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 22, no. 3, p. 722-743, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70992-9.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"722","endPage":"743","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134031,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267056,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(96)70992-9"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e4cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":309431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017773,"text":"70017773 - 1996 - Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved Adriatic shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T01:42:51.576231","indexId":"70017773","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved Adriatic shelf","docAbstract":"The Adriatic epicontinental basin is a low-gradient shelf where the late-Quaternary transgressive systems tract (TST) is composed of thin parasequences of backbarrier, shoreface and offshore deposits. The facies and internal architecture of the late-Quaternary TST in the Adriatic epicontinental basin changed consistently from early transgression to late transgression reflecting: (1) fluctuations in the balance between sediment supply and accommodation increase, and (2) a progressive intensification of the oceanographic regime, driven by the transgressive widening of the basin to as much as seven times its lowstand extent. One of the consequences of this trend is that high-energy marine bedforms such as sand ridges and sand waves characterize only areas that were flooded close to the end of the late-Quaternary sea-level rise, when the wind fetch was maximum and bigger waves and stronger storm currents could form. We studied the morphology, sediment composition and sequence-stratigraphical setting of a field of asymmetric bedforms (typically 3 m high and 600 m in wavelength) in 20-24 m water depth offshore the Venice Lagoon in the sediment-starved North Adriatic shelf. The sand that forms these large dunes derived from a drowned transgressive coastal deposit reworked by marine processes. Early cementation took place over most of the dune crests limiting their activity and preventing their destruction. Both the formation and deactivation of this field of sand dunes occurred over a short time interval close to the turn-around point that separates the late-Quaternary sea-level rise and the following highstand and reflect rapid changes in the oceanographic regime of the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society, London","doi":"10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.09","issn":"03058719","usgsCitation":"Correggiari, A., Field, M., and Trincardi, F., 1996, Late Quaternary transgressive large dunes on the sediment-starved Adriatic shelf: Geological Society Special Publication, v. 117, p. 155-169, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.117.01.09.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"169","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228724,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"117","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a453be4b0c8380cd67143","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Correggiari, A.","contributorId":88110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Correggiari","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trincardi, F.","contributorId":94794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trincardi","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018049,"text":"70018049 - 1996 - Intraguild predation and cannibalism among larvae of detritivorous caddisflies in subalpine wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T17:12:53.018043","indexId":"70018049","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraguild predation and cannibalism among larvae of detritivorous caddisflies in subalpine wetlands","docAbstract":"Comparative data from subalpine wetlands in Colorado indicate that larvae of the limnephilid caddisflies, Asynarchus nigriculus and Limnephilus externus, are reciprocally abundant among habitats–Limnephilus larvae dominate in permanent waters, whereas Asynarchus larvae dominate in temporary basins. The purpose of this paper is to report on field and laboratory experiments that link this pattern of abundance to biotic interactions among larvae. In the first field experiment, growth and survival were compared in single and mixed species treatments in littoral enclosures. Larvae, which eat mainly vascular plant detritus, grew at similar rates among treatments in both temporary and permanent habitats suggesting that exploitative competition is not important under natural food levels and caddisfly densities. However, the survival of Limnephilus larvae was reduced in the presence of Asynarchus larvae. Subsequent behavioral studies in laboratory arenas revealed that Asynarchus larvae are extremely aggressive predators on Limnephilus larvae. In a second field experiment we manipulated the relative sizes of larvae and found that Limnephilus larvae were preyed on only when Asynarchus larvae had the same size advantage observed in natural populations. Our data suggest that the dominance of Asynarchus larvae in temporary habitats is due to asymmetric intraguild predation (IGP) facilitated by a phenological head start in development. These data do not explain the dominance of Limnephilus larvae in permanent basins, which we show elsewhere to be an indirect effect of salamander predation. Behavioral observations also revealed that Asynarchus larvae are cannibalistic. In contrast to the IGP on Limnephilus larvae, Asynarchus cannibalism occurs among same—sized larvae and often involves the mobbing of one victim by several conspecifics. In a third field experiment, we found that Asynarchus cannibalism was not density—dependent and occurred even at low larval densities. We hypothesize that Asynarchus IGP and cannibalism provide a dietary supplement to detritus that may be necessary for the timely completion of development in these nutrient—poor, high—elevation wetlands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/2265743","usgsCitation":"Wissinger, S., Sparks, G.B., Rouse, G.L., Brown, W.S., and Steltzer, H., 1996, Intraguild predation and cannibalism among larvae of detritivorous caddisflies in subalpine wetlands: Ecology, v. 77, no. 8, p. 2421-2430, https://doi.org/10.2307/2265743.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2421","endPage":"2430","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"77","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3dc5e4b0c8380cd6381f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wissinger, Scott A","contributorId":279574,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wissinger","given":"Scott A","affiliations":[{"id":57292,"text":"Biology and Environmental Science Departments, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":378311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparks, G. B.","contributorId":9788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparks","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rouse, G. L.","contributorId":105069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rouse","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, W. S.","contributorId":14466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steltzer, Heidi","contributorId":72735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steltzer","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70018457,"text":"70018457 - 1996 - Comparison of the partitioning behaviours of yttrium, rare earth elements, and titanium between hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese crusts and seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-07-18T15:47:47.035364","indexId":"70018457","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of the partitioning behaviours of yttrium, rare earth elements, and titanium between hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese crusts and seawater","docAbstract":"In order to evaluate details of the partitioning behaviours of Y, rare earth elements (REEs), and Ti between inorganic metal oxide surfaces and seawater, we studied the distribution of these elements in hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from the Central Pacific Ocean. Nonphosphatized Fe-Mn crusts display shale-normalized rare earths and yttrium (REYSN) patterns (Y inserted between Dy and Ho) that are depleted in light REEs (LREEs) and which show negative anomalies for Ysn, and positive anomalies for LaSN, EuSN, GdSN, and in most cases, Cesn. They show considerably smaller Y/ Ho ratios than seawater or common igneous and clastic rocks, indicating that Y and Ho are fractionated in the marine environment. Compared to P-poor crusts, REYSN patterns of phosphatized Fe-Mn crusts are similar, but yield pronounced positive Ysn anomalies, stronger positive LaSN anomalies, and enrichment of the HREEs relative to the MREEs. The data suggest modification of REY during phosphatization and indicate that studies requiring primary REY distributions or isotopic ratios should be restricted to non-phosphatized (layers of) Fe-Mn crusts.
Apparent bulk coefficients, Kdm, describing trace metal partitioning between nonphosphatized hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts and seawater, are similar for Pr to Eu and decrease for Eu to Yb. Exceptionally high values of KDCe, which are similar to those of Ti, result from oxidative scavenging of Ce and support previous suggestions that Ce (IV) is a hydroxide-dominated element in seawater. Yttrium and Gd show lower KD values than their respective neighbours in the REY series. Results of modelling the exchange equilibrium between REY dissolved in seawater and REY sorbed on hydrous Fe-Mn oxides corroborate previous studies that suggested the surface complexation of REY can be approximated by their first hydroxide binding constant. Negative “anomalies” occur for stabilities of bulk surface complexes of Gd, La, and particularly Y. The differences in inorganic surface complex stability between Y and Ho and between Gd and its REE neighbours are similar to those shown by the stabilities of complexes with aminocarboxylic acids and are significantly larger than those shown by stabilities of complexes with carboxylic acids. Hence, sorption of Y and REEs onto hydrous Fe-Mn oxides may contribute significantly to the positive YSN and GdSN anomalies in seawater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(96)00063-4","usgsCitation":"Bau, M., Koschinsky, A., Dulski, P., and Hein, J.R., 1996, Comparison of the partitioning behaviours of yttrium, rare earth elements, and titanium between hydrogenetic marine ferromanganese crusts and seawater: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, no. 10, p. 1709-1725, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00063-4.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1709","endPage":"1725","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227115,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8afe4b0c8380cd4d218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bau, Michael","contributorId":103174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bau","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koschinsky, Andrea 0000-0002-9224-0663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-0663","contributorId":242599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Koschinsky","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48477,"text":"Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":379656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dulski, Peter","contributorId":187708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dulski","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017690,"text":"70017690 - 1996 - Effect of whole catchment liming on the episodic acidification of two Adirondack streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T16:07:28.376187","indexId":"70017690","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of whole catchment liming on the episodic acidification of two Adirondack streams","docAbstract":"During the fall of 1989 7.7Mg/ha of calcium carbonate was applied on two tributary catchments (40 ha and 60 ha) to Woods Lake, a small (25 ha) acidic headwater lake in the western Adirondack region of New York. Stream-water chemistry in both catchment tributaries responded immediately. Acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased by more than 200 μeq/L in one of the streams and more than 1000 μeq/L in the other, from pre-liming values which ranged from −25 to +40 μeq/L. The increase in ANC was primarily due to increases in dissolved Ca2+ concentrations. Most of the initial response of the streams was due to the dissolution of calcite that fell directly into the stream channels and adjacent wetlands. A small beaver impoundment and associated wetlands were probably responsible for the greater response observed in one of the streams.
After the liming of subcatchmentIV (60 ha), Ca2+ concentrations increased with increasing stream discharge in the stream during fall rain events, suggesting a contribution from calcite dissolved within the soil and transported to the stream by surface runoff or shallow interflow. Concentrations of other ions not associated with the calcite (e.g. Na+) decreased during fall rain events, presumably due to mixing of solute-rich base flow with more dilute shallow interflow. The strong relation between changes in Ca2+ and changes in NO −3 concentrations during spring snowmelt, (r2 = 0.93, slope = 0.96, on an equivalent basis) suggests that both solutes had a common source in the organic horizon of the soil. Increases in NO −3 concentrations during snowmelt were balanced by increases in Ca2+ that was released either directly from the calcite or from exchange sites, mitigating episodic acidification of the stream. However, high ambient NO −3 concentrations and relatively low ambient Ca2+ concentrations in the stream during the spring caused the stream to become acidic despite the CaCO3 treatment.
In stream WO2 (40ha), Ca2+ concentrations were much higher than in stream WO4 because of the dissolution of calcite which fell directly into the upstream beaver pond and its associated wetlands. Calcium concentrations decreased as both NO −3 concentrations and stream discharge increased, due to the dilution of Ca-enriched beaver pond water by shallow interflow. Despite this dilution, Ca2+ concentrations were high enough to more than balance strong acid anion (SO −4 , NO −3 , Cl−) concentrations, resulting in a positive ANC in this stream throughout the year. These data indicate that liming of wetlands and beaver ponds is more effective than whole catchment liming in neutralizing acidic surface waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02187143","usgsCitation":"Newton, R.M., Burns, D.A., Blette, V.L., and Driscoll, C.T., 1996, Effect of whole catchment liming on the episodic acidification of two Adirondack streams: Biogeochemistry, v. 32, no. 3, p. 299-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187143.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"322","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a062fe4b0c8380cd51139","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newton, R. M.","contributorId":66741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":29450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blette, V. L.","contributorId":61191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blette","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Driscoll, C. T.","contributorId":47530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Driscoll","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70180835,"text":"70180835 - 1996 - Overview of fire history in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T12:25:51","indexId":"70180835","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Overview of fire history in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"New Mexico Geological Society Fall Field Conference Guidebook - 47: Jemez Mountains Region","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"New Mexico Geological Society, Forty-seventh Annual Field Conference","conferenceDate":"September 25-28, 1996","conferenceLocation":"Socorro, NM","language":"English","publisher":"New Mexico Geological Society","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., Touchan, R., and Swetnam, T., 1996, Overview of fire history in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, in New Mexico Geological Society Fall Field Conference Guidebook - 47: Jemez Mountains Region, Socorro, NM, September 25-28, 1996, p. 35-36.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"36","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350510,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/47/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Jemez Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4c1e4b0fa1e59bc1e17","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Goff, Fraser","contributorId":45340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"Fraser","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kues, Barry S.","contributorId":114103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kues","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogers, Margaret Anne","contributorId":173094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McFadden, Les D.","contributorId":139980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McFadden","given":"Les","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, Jamie N.","contributorId":806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Touchan, R.","contributorId":49196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Touchan","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swetnam, Thomas W.","contributorId":90455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swetnam","given":"Thomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018111,"text":"70018111 - 1996 - Streamflow-induced variations in nitrate flux in tributaries to the Atlantic coastal zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-25T15:57:45.121796","indexId":"70018111","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Streamflow-induced variations in nitrate flux in tributaries to the Atlantic coastal zone","docAbstract":"Streamflow-related variability in nutrient flux represents an important source of uncertainty in managing nutrient inputs to coastal ecosystems. Quantification of flux variability is of particular interest to coastal resource managers in adopting effective nutrient-reduction goals and monitoring progress towards these goals. We used historical records of streamflow and water-quality measurements for 104 river monitoring stations in an analysis of variability in annual and seasonal flux of nitrate to the Atlantic coastal zone. We present two measures of temporal flux variability: the coefficient of variation (CV) and the exceedence probability (EP) of 1.5 times the median flux. The magnitude of flux variations spans a very wide range and depends importantly upon the season of year and the climatic and land-use characteristics of the tributary watersheds. Year-to-year variations (CV) in annual mean flux range over two orders of magnitude, from 3-200% of the long-term mean flux, although variations more typically range from 20-40% of the long term mean. The annual probability of exceeding the long term median flux by more than 50% (EP) is less than 0.10 in most rivers, but is between 0.10 and 0.35 in 40% of the rivers. Year- to-year variability in seasonal mean flux commonly exceeds that in annual flux by a factor of 1.5 to 4. In western Gulf of Mexico coastal rivers, the year-to- year variability in the seasonal mean flux is larger than in other regions, and is of a similar magnitude in all seasons. By contrast, in Atlantic coastal rivers, the winter and spring seasons, which account for about 70% of the annual flux, display the smallest relative variability in seasonal mean flux. We quantify the elasticity of nutrient flux to hypothetical changes in streamflow (i.e., the percent increase in flux per percentage increase in mean discharge) to allow the approximation of flux variability from streamflow records and the estimation of the effects of future climatically induced changes in streamflow on nutrient flux. Flux elasticities are less than unity (median = 0.93%) at most stations, but vary widely from 0.05 % to 1.59%. Elasticities above unity occur most frequently in the largest rivers and in rivers draining the arid portions of the western Gulf of Mexico Basin. Historical flux variability and elasticity generally increase with the extent of arid conditions and the quantity of nonurban land use in the watershed. We extend the analysis of flux variability to examine several case studies of highly unusual meteorological events capable of significantly elevating nitrate flux and degrading estuarine ecology.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02181070","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Murdoch, P., and Smith, R.A., 1996, Streamflow-induced variations in nitrate flux in tributaries to the Atlantic coastal zone: Biogeochemistry, v. 33, no. 3, p. 149-177, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02181070.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228505,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9b3ce4b08c986b31cd58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, R. B.","contributorId":108103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, R. A.","contributorId":60584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180277,"text":"70180277 - 1996 - Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:58:17","indexId":"70180277","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C","docAbstract":"Not abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Parsley, M., Counihan, T., Miller, A.I., Morgan, M., and Gallion, D., 1996, Effects of mitigative measures on productivity of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia River downstream from McNary Dam and status and habitat requirements of white sturgeon populations in the Columbia and Snake rivers upstream from McNary Dam. Report C, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"110","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b1979e4b0ad67323f982a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsley, M.J.","contributorId":59542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsley","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Counihan, T.D.","contributorId":9789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Counihan","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Allen I.","contributorId":31544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morgan, M.N.","contributorId":178689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"M.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallion, D.","contributorId":178690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallion","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70019319,"text":"70019319 - 1996 - Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-22T14:08:35.752975","indexId":"70019319","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake (Mw = 6.7) triggered more than 11,000 landslides over an area of about 10,000 km2. Most of the landslides were concentrated in a 1000-km2 area that included the Santa Susana Mountains and the mountains north of the Santa Clara River valley. We mapped landslides triggered by the earthquake in the field and from 1:60,000-nominal-scale aerial photography provided by the U.S. Air Force and taken the morning of the earthquake; these mapped landslides were subsequently digitized and plotted in a GIS-based format. Most of the triggered landslides were shallow (1- to 5-m thick), highly disrupted falls and slides within weakly cemented Tertiary to Pleistocene clastic sediment. Average volumes of these types of landslides were less than 1000 m3, but many had volumes exceeding 100,000 m3. The larger disrupted slides commonly had runout paths of more than 50 m, and a few traveled as far as 200 m from the bases of steep parent slopes. Deeper (>5-m thick) rotational slumps and block slides numbered in the tens to perhaps hundreds, a few of which exceeded 100,000 m3 in volume. Most of these were reactivations of previously existing landslides. The largest single landslide triggered by the earthquake was a rotational slump/block slide having a volume of 8 × 106 m3. Analysis of the mapped landslide distribution with respect to variations in (1) landslide susceptibility and (2) strong shaking recorded by hundreds of instruments will form the basis of a seismic landslide hazard analysis of the Los Angeles area.
A study was undertaken to understand the groundwater flow conditions in the Bangkok Basin, Thailand, by comparing 14C-based and simulated groundwater ages. 14C measurements were made on about 50 water samples taken from wells throughout the basin. Simulated ages were obtained using 1) backward-pathline tracking based on the well locations, and 2) results from a three-dimensional groundwater flow model. Comparisons of ages at these locations reveal a large difference between 14C-based ages and ages predicted by the steady-state groundwater flow model. Mainly, 14C and 13C analyses indicate that groundwater in the Bangkok area is about 20,000 years old, whereas steady-state flow and transport simulations imply that groundwater in the Bangkok area is 50,000–100,000 years old. One potential reason for the discrepancy between simulated and 14C-based ages is the assumption in the model of steady-state flow. Groundwater velocities were probably greater in the region before about 10,000 years ago, during the last glacial maximum, because of the lower position of sea level and the absence of the surficial Bangkok Clay. Paleoflow conditions were estimated and then incorporated into a second set of simulations. The new assumption was that current steady-state flow conditions existed for the last 8,000 years but were preceded by steady-state conditions representative of flow during the last glacial maximum. This “transient” paleohydrologic simulation yielded a mean simulated age that more closely agrees with the mean 14C-based age, especially if the 14C-based age corrected for diffusion into clay layers. Although the uncertainties in both the simulated and 14C-based ages are nontrivial, the magnitude of the improved match in the mean age using a paleohydrologic simulation instead of a steady-state simulation suggests that flow conditions in the basin have changed significantly over the last 10,000–20,000 years. Given that the valid age range of 14C-dating methods and the timing of the last glacial maximum are of similar magnitude, adjustments for paleohydrologic conditions may be required for many such studies.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1159","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., 1996, Timing of emplacement of the sapphire-bearing Yogo Dike, Little Belt Mountains, Montana: Economic Geology, v. 91, no. 6, p. 1159-1162, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.91.6.1159.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1159","endPage":"1162","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227305,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3efe4b08c986b326091","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018450,"text":"70018450 - 1996 - Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-14T14:45:44.453445","indexId":"70018450","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project","docAbstract":"We have examined the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of Mauna Kea lavas recovered by the first drilling phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project. These lavas, which range in age from ∼200 to 400 ka, provide a detailed record of chemical and isotopic changes in basalt composition during the shield/postshield transition and extend our record of Mauna Kea volcanism to a late-shield period roughly equivalent to the last ∼100 ka of Mauna Loa activity. Stratigraphic variations in isotopic composition reveal a gradual shift over time toward a more depleted source composition (e.g., higher 143Nd/144Nd, lower 87Sr/86Sr, and lower 3He/4He). This gradual evolution is in sharp contrast with the abrupt appearance of alkalic lavas at ∼240 ka recorded by the upper 50 m of Mauna Kea lavas from the core. Intercalated tholeiitic and alkalic lavas from the uppermost Mauna Kea section are isotopically indistinguishable. Combined with major element evidence (e.g., decreasing SiO2 and increasing FeO) that the depth of melt segregation increased during the transition from tholeiitic to alkalic volcanism, the isotopic similarity of tholeiitic and alkalic lavas argues against significant lithosphere involvement during melt generation. Instead, the depleted isotopic signatures found in late shield-stage lavas are best explained by increasing the proportion of melt generated from a depleted upper mantle component entrained and heated by the rising central plume. Direct comparison of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa lavas erupted at equivalent stages in these volcanoes' life cycles reveals persistent chemical and isotopic differences independent of the temporal evolution of each volcano. The oldest lavas recovered from the drillcore are similar to modern Kilauea lavas, but are distinct from Mauna Loa lavas. Mauna Kea lavas have higher 143Nd/144Nd and 206Pb/204Pb and lower 87Sr/86Sr. Higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements in primary magmas, lower SiO2, and higher FeO also indicate that Mauna Kea lavas formed through smaller degrees of partial melting at greater depth than Mauna Loa lavas. These chemical and isotopic differences are consistently found between volcanoes along the western “Loa” and eastern “Kea” trends and reflect large-scale variations in source composition and melting environment. We propose a simple model of a radially zoned plume centered beneath the Loa trend. Loa trend lavas generated from the hot plume axis reflect high degrees of partial melting from a source containing a mixture of enriched plume-source material and entrained lower mantle. Kea trend lavas, in contrast, are generated from the cooler, peripheral portions of the plume, record lower degrees of partial melting, and tap a source containing a greater proportion of depleted upper mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/96JB00181","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Lassiter, J., DePaolo, D., and Tatsumoto, M., 1996, Isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Results from the initial phase of the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 101, no. 5, p. 11769-11780, https://doi.org/10.1029/96JB00181.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"11769","endPage":"11780","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227646,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"101","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1996-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fb4e4b0c8380cd64748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lassiter, J.C.","contributorId":84928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lassiter","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePaolo, D.J.","contributorId":8617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePaolo","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tatsumoto, M.","contributorId":76798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tatsumoto","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018563,"text":"70018563 - 1996 - Determination of low concentrations of acetochlor in water by automated solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass-selective detection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T22:53:38.611695","indexId":"70018563","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2143,"text":"Journal of AOAC International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of low concentrations of acetochlor in water by automated solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass-selective detection","docAbstract":"A sensitive and reliable gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method for determining acetochlor in environmental water samples was developed. The method involves automated extraction of the herbicide from a filtered 1 L water sample through a C18 solid-phase extraction column, elution from the column with hexane-isopropyl alcohol (3 + 1), and concentration of the extract with nitrogen gas. The herbicide is quantitated by capillary/column GC/MS with selected-ion monitoring of 3 characteristic ions. The single-operator method detection limit for reagent water samples is 0.0015 μg/L Mean recoveries ranged from about 92 to 115% for 3 water matrixes fortified at 0.05 and 0.5 μg\\L. Average single-operator precision, over the course of 1 week, was better than 5%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jaoac/79.4.962","usgsCitation":"Lindley, C., Stewart, J., and Sandstrom, M.W., 1996, Determination of low concentrations of acetochlor in water by automated solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass-selective detection: Journal of AOAC International, v. 79, no. 4, p. 962-966, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.4.962.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"962","endPage":"966","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.4.962","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff89e4b0c8380cd4f248","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindley, C.E.","contributorId":55031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindley","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, J.T.","contributorId":30383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":380049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018749,"text":"70018749 - 1996 - Mn-rich ilmenite from the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:25","indexId":"70018749","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mn-rich ilmenite from the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia","docAbstract":"Electron-microprobe analyses of 76 ilmenite grains from 13 locations in the footwall, hanging wall, and ore zone of the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Kimberley, British Columbia, and from regionally developed tourmalinite of the Middle Proterozoic Aldridge Formation show two different modes that reflect two stages of formation. The first stage of ilmenite formation occurred as a result of greenschist-facies regional metamorphism, which also produced the associated Mn-rich garnet. Ilmenite from this stage forms inclusions within garnet and has a relatively low Mn content (<5.5 wt% MnO), owing to the preferential partitioning of Mn into the garnet. A second metamorphic or hydrothermal event resulted in the formation of ilmenite-bearing veinlets (+ chlorite + quartz + sulfides) that cut garnet and associated biotite. This latter type of ilmenite has a higher Mn content (up to 16.7 wt% MnO) that reflects remobilization of Mn within the local environment. Both types of Mn-rich ilmenite are considered to be derived from Mn originally concentrated in pools of dense brine that formed during synsedimentary, submarine-exhalative mineralization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Jiang, S., Palmer, M.R., and Slack, J.F., 1996, Mn-rich ilmenite from the Sullivan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, British Columbia: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 34, no. 1, p. 29-36.","startPage":"29","endPage":"36","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5b8ce4b0c8380cd6f625","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, S.-Y.","contributorId":79248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"S.-Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palmer, M. R.","contributorId":81256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palmer","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slack, J. F.","contributorId":75917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018596,"text":"70018596 - 1996 - 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and paleomagnetism of Independence volcano, Absaroka volcanic supergroup, Beartooth mountains, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-20T22:59:40.04994","indexId":"70018596","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1168,"text":"Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"40Ar/39Ar geochronology and paleomagnetism of Independence volcano, Absaroka volcanic supergroup, Beartooth mountains, Montana","title":"40Ar/39Ar geochronology and paleomagnetism of Independence volcano, Absaroka volcanic supergroup, Beartooth mountains, Montana","docAbstract":"Independence volcano is a major volcanic complex in the lower part of the Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup (AVS) of Montana and Wyoming. Recently reported Rb–Sr mineral dates from the complex give apparent ages of 91 and 84 Ma, whereas field relationships and the physical and compositional similarity of the rocks with other dated parts of the AVS indicate an Early to Middle Eocene age for eruption and deposition. To resolve the conflict between age assignments based on stratigraphic correlations and Rb–Sr dates, we report new paleomagnetic data and 40Ar/39Ar dates for Independence volcano. Paleomagnetic data for the stock and an andesite plug that cuts the stock are well grouped, of reverse polarity, and yield a virtual geomagnetic pole that is essentially identical to Late Cretaceous and Tertiary reference poles. The reverse polarity indicates that the magnetization of these rocks is probably younger than the Cretaceous normal superchron, or less than about 83.5 Ma. Hornblende from a volcanic breccia near the base of the volcanic pile gives a 40Ar/39Ar age of 51.57 Ma, whereas biotites from a dacite sill and a granodiorite stock that forms the core of the volcano give dates that range from 49.96 to 48.50 Ma. These dates record the age of eruption and intrusion of these rocks and clearly show that the age of Independence volcano is Early to Middle Eocene, consistent with stratigraphic relations. We suggest that the Rb–Sr mineral dates from the Independence stock and related intrusions are unreliable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/e96-125","issn":"00084077","usgsCitation":"Harlan, S.S., Snee, L., and Geissman, J.W., 1996, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and paleomagnetism of Independence volcano, Absaroka volcanic supergroup, Beartooth mountains, Montana: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 33, no. 12, p. 1648-1654, https://doi.org/10.1139/e96-125.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1648","endPage":"1654","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, Beartooth Mountains, Independence Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.67469285282459,\n 46.254385774519136\n ],\n [\n -111.67469285282459,\n 42.07580893801048\n ],\n [\n -106.13914749225992,\n 42.07580893801048\n ],\n [\n -106.13914749225992,\n 46.254385774519136\n ],\n [\n -111.67469285282459,\n 46.254385774519136\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e266e4b0c8380cd45b4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlan, S. S.","contributorId":11651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlan","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snee, L.W.","contributorId":99981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snee","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geissman, J. W.","contributorId":105760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geissman","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":380168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}