The acceptability of the hypothesis of Darcian flow through a semiconfined carbonate aquifer was tested prior to running a multiple-day aquifer test in Pinellas County, Florida. The approach used to test the hypothesis was to run a number of hour-long aquifer tests at different discharges with drawdown measured at the same time during each test in two observation wells, one at 35 feet and the other at 733 feet from the pumped well. The hypothesis of Darcian flow through the semiconfined carbonate aquifer was deemed acceptable.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01423.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hickey, J., 1984, Field testing the hypothesis of Darcian flow through a carbonate aquifer: Ground Water, v. 22, no. 5, p. 544-547, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1984.tb01423.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"544","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220208,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fdfe4b0c8380cd53a54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hickey, J.J.","contributorId":57010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006957,"text":"70006957 - 1983 - Nest sites and eggs of Kittlitz's and Marbled murrelets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-26T14:51:42.538146","indexId":"70006957","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T19:35:17","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest sites and eggs of Kittlitz's and Marbled murrelets","docAbstract":"Fourteen known and three probable nests of Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris) and eight known and one probable nest of Marbled Murrelet (B. marmoratus) have been reported. Nests of Kittlitz's Murrelet tend to be at higher elevations and farther inland than those of Marbled Murrelet. Kittlitz's nests have much less vegetative cover than Marbled nests. Nests of both species are generally a short distance below a peak or ridge, Kittlitz's on the ground and Marbled either in a tree or on the ground. The eggs of the two species are similar in color and their mean dimensions are not separable statistically. Our findings support the idea that Kittlitz's fledglings commonly get to the sea by way of streams.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367058","usgsCitation":"Day, R.H., Oakley, K.L., and Barnard, D., 1983, Nest sites and eggs of Kittlitz's and Marbled murrelets: Condor, v. 85, no. 3, p. 265-273, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367058.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"265","endPage":"273","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260128,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6485e4b0c8380cd729f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Robert H.","contributorId":74446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Day","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnard, D.R.","contributorId":8716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221870,"text":"5221870 - 1983 - Feeding habitats of nesting wading birds: Spatial use and social influences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-13T16:04:28","indexId":"5221870","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feeding habitats of nesting wading birds: Spatial use and social influences","docAbstract":"In an effort to relate social interactions to feeding-habitat use, I observed six species of wading birds near a major colony site in coastal North Carolina. Three spatial scales of habitat use were considered: the general orientation to and from the colony (coarsest level), the habitat \"patch,\" and (at the finest level) the microhabitat. Departure-arrival directions of Great Egrets (Casmerodius albus), Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula), Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis), Little Blue Herons (Egretta caerulea), Tricolored Herons (Egretta tricolor), and Glossy Ibises (Plegadis falcinellus) were monitored at the colony site to document coarse patterns of feeding-habitat use. Added to these data were observations made at five different wetland sites to monitor between-habitat and within-habitat patterns for the five aquatic-feeding species. The results indicated a broad and variable use of feeding habitat over time. At the coarsest scale (i.e. orientation at the colony), diffuse patterns, influenced little by either inter- or intraspecific social interaction, were found for all species. At the next level (habitat \"patch\"), only one of five wetland sites was relatively consistent in attracting feeding birds, and its use increased from May to June. Few groups were seen at four of the five sites. At the one \"attractive\" site, the within-habitat patterns again were spatially variable over time, except for those of the abundant Snowy Egret, whose microhabitat preference was fairly consistent. Glossy Ibises and Snowy Egrets frequently formed mixed-species groups, Little Blue Herons were the least social, and Great Egrets and Tricolored Herons generally occurred in groups of less than 10 birds but rarely in groups larger than 30. The close association between Snowy Egrets and Glossy Ibises appeared to be based on a \"beater-follower\" relationship, wherein the probing, nonvisually feeding ibises make prey more available to the followers. In the study area, local enhancement appeared to play a more important role than did any \"information-sharing\" at the colony.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R.M., 1983, Feeding habitats of nesting wading birds: Spatial use and social influences: The Auk, v. 100, no. 4, p. 960-970.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"960","endPage":"970","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341266,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4086425"}],"volume":"100","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael","contributorId":87854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5224569,"text":"5224569 - 1983 - Reduced fecundity in small populations of the rare plant Gentianopsis ciliate (Gentianaceae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:32","indexId":"5224569","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:19:16","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":708,"text":"American Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reduced fecundity in small populations of the rare plant Gentianopsis ciliate (Gentianaceae)","docAbstract":"Habitat destruction is the main cause for the biodiversity crisis. Surviving populations are often fragmented, i.e., small and isolated from each other. Reproduction of plants in small populations is often reduced, and this has been attributed to inbreeding depression, reduced attractiveness for pollinators, and reduced habitat quality in small populations. Here we present data on the effects of fragmentation on the rare, self-compatible perennial herb Gentianopsis ciliata (Gentianaceae), a species with very small and presumably well-dispersed seeds. We studied the relationship between population size, plant size, and the number of flowers produced in 63 populations from 1996-1998. In one of the years, leaf and flower size and the number of seeds produced per fruit was studied in a subset of 25 populations. Plant size, flower size, and the number of seeds per fruit and per plant increased with population size, whereas leaf length and the number of flowers per plant did not. The effects of population size on reproduction and on flower size remained significant if the effects were adjusted for differences in plant size, indicating that they could not be explained by differences in habitat quality. The strongly reduced reproduction in small populations may be due to pollination limitation, while the reduced flower size could indicate genetic effects.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1983, Reduced fecundity in small populations of the rare plant Gentianopsis ciliate (Gentianaceae): American Birds, v. 37, no. 4.","productDescription":"519","startPage":"519","numberOfPages":"519","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":17595,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119822609/abstract","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":341975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5221853,"text":"5221853 - 1983 - Pack size and wolf pup survival: their relationship under varying ecological conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-01T11:06:38","indexId":"5221853","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:57","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":982,"text":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pack size and wolf pup survival: their relationship under varying ecological conditions","docAbstract":"The relationship between pack size and two parameters of reproductive success (litter size at 7–8 months and pup weights at 5–6 months) were determined for two wolf (Canis lupus) populations in northern Minnesota. Pup weights were not correlated with pack size for either population. Litter size, however, was correlated with pack size, but the direction of the relationship varied between the two study populations.
In the superior National Forest, where prey were scarce and the wolf population was declining from high densities, litter size and pack size were inversely related. Pairs produced more surviving pups than did larger packs with one or more potential helpers. In the Beltrami Island State Forest, where prey were relatively abundant and the wolf population was increasing, pack size and litter size were positively correlated. The results suggest that ecological factors, such as prey availability, affected the ability or willingness of various pack members to provide food or other care for the pups.
The lack of correlation between number of auxiliaries and number of pups in canid populations with low and declining prey densities may be explained on the basis of heterogeneous prey density resulting in drastic annual variation in litter production. No study to date has measured the actual benefit that pups derive from helping by auxiliaries, and the costs and benefits of it. The relationships discussed herein can be considered valid only after such research is completed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00295072","usgsCitation":"Harrington, F.H., Mech, L.D., and Fritts, S., 1983, Pack size and wolf pup survival: their relationship under varying ecological conditions: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 13, no. 1, p. 19-26, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295072.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689df2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harrington, Fred H.","contributorId":114172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrington","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":334839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011211,"text":"70011211 - 1983 - Heavy-mineral distribution in modern and ancient bay deposits, Willapa Bay, Washington, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:32:22.113321","indexId":"70011211","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy-mineral distribution in modern and ancient bay deposits, Willapa Bay, Washington, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Analysis of heavy-mineral distribution in modern sediments of Willapa Bay, Washington, indicates a dominance of two mineralogic assemblages, one with approximately equivalent amounts of hornblende, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene, the other dominated by clinopyroxene. The hornblende-orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene suite is derived from the Columbia River, which discharges into the ocean a short distance south of the bay. The clinopyroxene suite is restricted in modern sediments to sands in rivers flowing into the bay from the east. The heavy-mineral distributions suggest that sand discharged from the Columbia River, borne north by longshore transport, and carried into the bay by tidal currents accounts for most of the sand within the interior of Willapa Bay.
Three heavy-mineral assemblages are present in the surrounding Pleistocene deposits; two of these are identical to the modern assemblages described above. These heavy-mineral assemblages reflect the relative influence of tidal and fluvial processes on the Late Pleistocene deposits; their relative influences are consistent with those inferred on the basis of sedimentary structures and stratigraphic relations in about two-thirds of the samples examined. The anomalies can be explained by recycling of sand from older deposits. The persistence of the two heavy-mineral assemblages suggests that the pattern of estuarine sedimentation in Late Pleistocene deposits closely resembled that of the modern bay.
The third heavy-mineral suite, dominated by epidote, occurs in a few older Pleistocene units. On the north side of the bay, the association of this suite with southwest-directed foresets in crossbedded gravel indicates derivation from the northeast, perhaps from an area of glacial outwash. The presence of this suite in ancient estuarine sands exposed on the east side of the bay suggests that input from this northerly source may have intermittently dominated bay deposition in the past.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(83)90060-X","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Luepke, G., and Clifton, H.E., 1983, Heavy-mineral distribution in modern and ancient bay deposits, Willapa Bay, Washington, U.S.A.: Sedimentary Geology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 233-247, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(83)90060-X.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"247","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.0937343147915,\n 46.746899656305146\n ],\n [\n -124.0937343147915,\n 46.648829449792714\n ],\n [\n -123.82927626347455,\n 46.648829449792714\n ],\n [\n -123.82927626347455,\n 46.746899656305146\n ],\n [\n -124.0937343147915,\n 46.746899656305146\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3026e4b0c8380cd5d3ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luepke, Gretchen","contributorId":91827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luepke","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clifton, H. Edward","contributorId":46503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clifton","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011423,"text":"70011423 - 1983 - Surface deformation in volcanic rift zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-27T16:34:00.671675","indexId":"70011423","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Surface deformation in volcanic rift zones","docAbstract":"The principal conduits for magma transport within rift zones of basaltic volcanoes are steeply dipping dikes, some of which feed fissure eruptions. Elastic displacements accompanying a single dike emplacement elevate the flanks of the rift relative to a central depression. Concomitant normal faulting may transform the depression into a graben thus accentuating the topographic features of the rift. If eruption occurs the characteristic ridge-trough-ridge displacement profile changes to a single ridge, centered at the fissure, and the erupted lava alters the local topography. A well-developed rift zone owes its structure and topography to the integrated effects of many magmatic rifting events. To investigate this process we compute the elastic displacements and stresses in a homogeneous, two-dimensional half-space driven by a pressurized crack that may breach the surface. A derivative graphical method permits one to estimate the three geometric parameters of the dike (height, inclination, and depth-to-center) and the mechanical parameter (driving pressure/rock stiffness) from a smoothly varying displacement profile. Direct comparison of measured and theoretical profiles may be used to estimate these parameters even if inelastic deformation, notably normal faulting, creates discontinuities in the profile. Geological structures (open cracks, normal faults, buckles, and thrust faults) form because of stresses induced by dike emplacement and fissure eruption. Theoretical stress states associated with dilation of a pressurized crack are used to interpret the distribution and orientation of these structures and their role in rift formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(83)90034-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Pollard, D.D., Delaney, P.T., Duffield, W.A., Endo, E.T., and Okamura, A.T., 1983, Surface deformation in volcanic rift zones: Tectonophysics, v. 94, no. 1-4, p. 541-584, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(83)90034-3.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"541","endPage":"584","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9fa1e4b08c986b31e71f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollard, David D.","contributorId":206100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":361068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delaney, Paul T.","contributorId":15195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Endo, Elliot T.","contributorId":10439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endo","given":"Elliot","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Okamura, Arnold T.","contributorId":53782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":36557,"text":"fwsobs82_10_42 - 1983 - Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern red-backed vole (western United States)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T15:35:53.099877","indexId":"fwsobs82_10_42","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":20,"text":"FWS/OBS","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"82/10.42","subseriesTitle":"Habitat Suitability Index","title":"Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern red-backed vole (western United States)","docAbstract":"Habitat preferences of the southern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) are\r\ndescribed in this publication, which is one of a series of Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) models. A review and synthesis of the literature is followed by development of a model of the species-habitat requirements of the southern red-backed vole. Habitat suitability indexes are designed for use with Habitat Evaluation Procedures previously developed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, A.W., 1983, Habitat Suitability Index Models: Southern red-backed vole (western United States): FWS/OBS 82/10.42, v, 14 p.","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64979a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":216537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25718,"text":"wri834013 - 1983 - Preliminary appraisal of the hydrology of the Rock Island area, Le Flore County, Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:15","indexId":"wri834013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4013","title":"Preliminary appraisal of the hydrology of the Rock Island area, Le Flore County, Oklahoma","docAbstract":"Bed rock in the Rock Island area of northeastern Le Flore County in southeastern Oklahoma consists of shale, siltstone, and sandstone of the McAlester, Hartshorne, and Atoka Formations of Pennsylvanian age. The area is on the south flank of the Backbone anticline; the rocks dip to the south at 5o-45o. Alluvium along James Fork consists of sandy and clayey silt and may be as much as 30 feet thick.\r\nWater in bedrock is under artesian conditions. The depth to water in most wells is less than 20 feet below the surface; a few wells flow. Yields of most wells probably are less than 5 gallons per minute. Water from nine wells was a sodium carbonate or sodium mixed anion type; dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 294 to 1,250 milligrams per liter. No relationship between variations in chemistry of ground water and well depth, geographic distribution, or geologic formation is apparent.\r\n\r\nJames Fork has flow most of the time and discharge exceeds 25 cubic feet per second about one-half the time. The mean dissolved-solids concentration in James Fork water ranged from 224 milligrams per liter near Williams, Oklahoma, to 332 milligrams per liter near Hackett, Arkansas. Water in James Fork is a calcium magnesium sulfate type about 75 percent of the time. Maximum suspended sediment discharge was 2,720 tons per day. Silt-clay particles (diameters less than 0.062 millimeter) are the dominant sediment size.\r\n\r\nPotential hydrologic effects of surface mining for coal include: (1) Creation of additional water storage in surface-mine ponds, (2) changes in rock permeability and ground-water storage, (3) changes in runoff and streamflow characteristics, (4) changes in drainage patterns, and (5) changes in the chemical quality and sediment load of James Fork. Although mining may increase the quantities of sediment and dissolved minerals added to James Fork, detection of these increases would be difficult because the potentially mineable area is very small in proportion to the total area of the basin.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834013","usgsCitation":"Marcher, M., 1983, Preliminary appraisal of the hydrology of the Rock Island area, Le Flore County, Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4013, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834013.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54480,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54481,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54482,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4013/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54483,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marcher, M.V.","contributorId":9267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcher","given":"M.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1057,"text":"wsp2237 - 1983 - Regional flow in the Dakota aquifer: A study of the role of confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T19:18:02.542032","indexId":"wsp2237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2237","title":"Regional flow in the Dakota aquifer: A study of the role of confining layers","docAbstract":"The Dakota Sandstone in South Dakota is one of the classic artesian aquifers; it was first studied by N. H. Darton at the turn of the century. Since then, hydrogeologists have debated the source of the large quantities of water which have been discharged by artesian flow from the Dakota. Among suggestions for the source of this water are (1) recharge of the aquifer at outcrops in the Black Hills, (2) compaction and compressive storage within the aquifer, (3)leakage through confining layers, and (4) upward flow from the underlying Madison Group limestones. \r\n\r\nA series of increasingly refined models of the aquifer system in South Dakota have been developed and used for numerical simulations of the ground-water flow. The simulations have provided estimates of leakage through the confining layers. The results indicate that, before development, most of the flow into and out of the Dakota Sandstone occurred as leakage through confining layers and, since development, most of the water released from storage has come from the confining layers. \r\n\r\nIn situ and laboratory hydraulic conductivity measurements have been made for the Cretaceous shale confining layer which overlies the Dakota. These data indicate hydraulic conductivities which are one to three orders of magnitude lower than the conductivities indicated by the numerical analyses; this suggests that the leakage through the confining layer is largely through fractures. The fractures apparently did not influence the laboratory and in situ measurements. \r\n\r\nTo test the conception of flow in the aquifer-confining layer system derived from our analyses, the transport of sulfate in the system was simulated. Simulations using a numerical ground-water transport model were reasonably successful in explaining the present distribution of sulfate in the system. This result increases confidence in the flow system implied by the flow simulations in which leakage through confining layers is dominant.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2237","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J.D., Neuzil, C., and Milly, P.C., 1983, Regional flow in the Dakota aquifer: A study of the role of confining layers: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2237, iv, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2237.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25541.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":25731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138082,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2237/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Dakota aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.432,\n 45.946\n ],\n [\n -104.049,\n 45.946\n ],\n [\n -104.049,\n 42.477\n ],\n [\n -96.432,\n 42.477\n ],\n [\n -96.432,\n 45.946\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, John D.","contributorId":86747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neuzil, C. E. 0000-0003-2022-4055","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-4055","contributorId":81078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neuzil","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Milly, P. C.","contributorId":80652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10675,"text":"ofr83711 - 1983 - Geology of the Volga-Ural petroleum province and detailed description of the Ramashkino and Arlan oil fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:24","indexId":"ofr83711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-711","title":"Geology of the Volga-Ural petroleum province and detailed description of the Ramashkino and Arlan oil fields","docAbstract":"The Volga-Ural petroleum province is in general coincident with the Volga-Ural regional high, a broad upwarp of the east-central part of the Russian (East European) platform. The central part of the province is occupied by the Tatar arch, which contains the major share of the oil fields of the province. The Perm-Bashkir arch forms the northeastern part of the regional high, and the Zhigulevsko-Orenburg arch makes up the southern part. These arches are separated from one another by elongate downwarps. \r\n\r\nThe platform cover overlies an Archean crystalline basement and consists of seven main sedimentation cycles as follows: 1) Riphean (lower Bavly) continental sandstone, shale, and conglomerate beds from 500 to 5,000 m thick deposited in aulacogens. 2) Vendian (upper Bavly) continental and marine shale and sandstone up to 3,000 m thick. 3) Middle Devonian-Tournaisian transgressive deposits, which are sandstone, siltstone, and shale in the lower part and carbonates with abundant reefs in the upper; thickness is 300-1,000 m. In the upper carbonate part is the Kamsko-Kinel trough system, which consists of narrow interconnected deep-water troughs. 4) The Visean-Namurian-Bashkirian cycle, which began with deposition of Visean clastics that draped over reefs of the previous cycle and filled in an erosional relief that had formed in some places on the sediments of the previous cycle. The Visean clastics are overlain by marine carbonates. Thickness of the cycle is 50-800 m. 5) Early Moscovian-Early Permian terrigenous clastic deposits and marine carbonate beds 1,000-3,000 m thick. 6) The late Early Permian-Late Permian cycle, which reflects maximum growth of the Ural Mountains and associated Ural foredeep. Evaporites were first deposited, then marine limestones and dolomites, which intertongue eastward with clastic sediments from the Ural Mountains. 7) Continental redbeds of Triassic age and mixed continental and marine elastic beds of Jurassic and Cretaceous age, which were deposited on the southern, southwestern, and northern margins of the Russian platform; they are generally absent in the Volga-Ural province, however. \r\n\r\nThe Volga-Ural oil and gas basin is a single artesian system that contains seven aquifers separated by seals. The areas of greatest hydraulic head are in the eastern parts of the basin near areas where the aquifers crop out on the western slopes of the Ural Mountains. The Peri-Caspian basin is the principal drainage area of the artesian system. \r\n\r\nApproximately 600 oil and gas fields and 2,000 pools have been found in the Volga-Ural province. Nine productive sequences are recognized as follows: 1) Upper Proterozoic (Bavly beds), which are promising but not yet commercial. 2) Clastic Devonian, which contains the major reserves and includes the main pays of the super-giant Romashkino field. 3) Carbonate Upper Devonian and lowermost Carboniferous, which is one of the main reef-bearing intervals. 4) Visean (Lower Carboniferous) elastics, which are the main pays in the super-giant Arian field. 5) Carbonate Lower and Middle Carboniferous. 6) Clastic Middle Carboniferous Moscovian. 7) Carbonate Middle and Upper Carboniferous. 8) Carbonate-evaporite Lower Permian, which contains the major gas reserves and the lower part of the Melekess tar deposits. 9) Clastic-carbonate Upper Permian, which contains the major part of the Melekess tar deposits.\r\n\r\nThe Volga-Ural province is divided into several productive regions on a basis of differences in structure, distribution of reservoir and source-rock facies, and general composition of the petroleum accumulations. These regions are the Tatar arch, Birsk saddle, Upper Kama depression, Perm-Bashkir arch, Ufa-Orenburg monocline, Melekess-Sernovodsko-Abdulino basin, Zhligulevsko-Orenburg arch, Ural foredeep, and north borders of the Peri-Casplan depression. \r\n\r\nExploration activity has declined in recent years; however, interest remains high in several parts of the province, particula","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83711","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.A., and Clarke, J.W., 1983, Geology of the Volga-Ural petroleum province and detailed description of the Ramashkino and Arlan oil fields: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-711, vii, 175 p. ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83711.","productDescription":"vii, 175 p. ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0711/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":38498,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0711/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, James A.","contributorId":106872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, James W.","contributorId":35297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7943,"text":"ofr83432 - 1983 - Montana; basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in Geotherm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:02","indexId":"ofr83432","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-432","title":"Montana; basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in Geotherm","docAbstract":"Changes in ground-water withdrawals, water levels, and quality of water occurred in the artesian aquifers of the Sevier Desert, Utah during 1963-81. Ground-water withdrawals increased from an average of 9,500 acre-feet (11.7 cubic hectometers) per year between 1951 and 1963 to an average of 27,500 acre-feet (33.9 cubic hectometers) per year between 1964 and 1981. Most of the increased withdrawal was from the deep artesian aquifer. Water levels declined as much as 19 feet (5.8 meters) in the deep artesian aquifer and as much as 13 feet (4.0 meters) in the shallow artesian aquifer between 1963 and 1981. The declines probably are due to increased ground-water withdrawals for irrigation and municipal use. Quality of water in parts of the shallow artesian aquifer is deteriorating. The deterioration probably is the result of recharge of poor quality from the overlying water-table aquifer. A digital-computer model was constructed to predict water-level changes resulting from changes in recharge and discharge for 20 years (1981-2000) at one-half, one, and two times the 1977-79 average rate. The model computer water-level declines of more than 80 feet (24 meters) in the deep artesian aquifer with withdrawals twice the 1977-79 average, declines of more than 40 feet (12 meters) if withdrawals were equal to the 1977-79 average, and declines of more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) if withdrawals were one-half the 1977-79 average. Computer water-level declines after 20 years in the shallow artesian aquifer were more than 50 feet (15 meters) at two times the 1977-79 average rate, more than 15 feet (4.6 meters) at the 1977-79 average, and less than 4 feet (1.2 meters) at one-half the 1977-79 average. The model also was used to predict the effects of approximate changes in ground-water withdrawals related to the Intermountain Power Project. Water-level declines in the deep artesian aquifer of more than 15 feet (4.6 meters), and only small changes in water levels in the shallow artesian aquifer after 20 years. These changes are in addition to changes computed for 20 years of withdrawals at the 1977-79 rate. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr83432","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., 1983, Montana; basic data for thermal springs and wells as recorded in Geotherm: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-432, 166 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83432.","productDescription":"166 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140868,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0432/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35514,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1983/0432/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4814e4b07f02db4dab3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":156871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7782,"text":"ofr83677 - 1983 - Hydrology of the Jasper (Miocene) Aquifer in the Southeast Texas coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:51:31.349837","indexId":"ofr83677","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-677","title":"Hydrology of the Jasper (Miocene) Aquifer in the Southeast Texas coastal plain","docAbstract":"The Jasper (Miocene) aquifer is one of several important hydrologic units in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Because the Jasper aquifer underlies shallower aquifers in many areas, regional water withdrawals from the Jasper are not significant; however, it is capable of yielding 3,000 gallons per minute (200 liters per second) or more of water to wells in certain areas. The Jasper is underlain by the Catahoula confining system (restricted) and overlain by the Burkeville confining system. The Evangeline and Chicot aquifers, in turn, overlie the Burkeville and also are prolific water-yielding aquifers.
The ground-water hydrology of the Jasper aquifer in an area of about 20,000 square miles (52,000 square kilometers) was simulated by a two-dimensional digital model using a steady-state approach. The model represents hydrologic conditions prior to development by wells, when natural recharge equaled natural discharge. The model's grid pattern of 15 x 24 nodes varies from a dimension of 5 by 10 miles (8 by 16 kilometers) in the outcrop to 10 by 10 miles (16 by 16 kilometers) in the artesian section downdip from the outcrop.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr83677","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Baker, E., 1983, Hydrology of the Jasper (Miocene) Aquifer in the Southeast Texas coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-677, Report: viii, 68 p.; 17 Plates: 20.28 x 10.58 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83677.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 68 p.; 17 Plates: 20.28 x 10.58 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdc3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, E.T.","contributorId":11584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":156590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70197827,"text":"70197827 - 1983 - The ophiolitic North Fork terrane in the Salmon River region, central Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-21T09:38:27","indexId":"70197827","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ophiolitic North Fork terrane in the Salmon River region, central Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"The North Fork terrane is an assemblage of ophiolitic and other oceanic volcanic and sedimentary rocks that has been internally imbricated and folded. The ophiolitic rocks form a north-trending belt through the central part of the region and consist of a disrupted sequence of homogeneous gabbro, diabase, massive to pillowed basalt, and interleaved tectonitic harzburgite. U-Pb zircon age data on a plagiogranite pod from the gabbroic unit indicate that at least this part of the igneous sequence is late Paleozoic in age.
The ophiolitic belt is flanked on either side by mafic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, limestone, bedded chert, and argillite. Most of the chert is Triassic, including much of Late Triassic age, but chert with uncertain stratigraphic relations at one locality is Permian. The strata flanking the east side of the ophiolitic belt face eastward, and depositional contacts between units are for the most part preserved. The strata on the west side of the ophiolitic belt are more highly disrupted than those on the east side, contain chert-argillite melange, and have unproven stratigraphic relation to either the ophiolitic rocks or the eastern strata.
Rocks of the North Fork terrane do not show widespread evidence of penetrative deformation at elevated temperatures, except an early tectonitic fabric in the harzburgite. Slip-fiber foliation in serpentinite, phacoidal foliation in chert and mafic rocks, scaly foliation in argillite, and mesoscopic folds in bedded chert are consistent with an interpretation of large-scale anti-formal folding of the terrane about a north-south hinge found along the ophiolitic belt, but other structural interpretations are tenable. The age of folding of North Fork rocks is constrained by the involvement of Triassic and younger cherts and crosscutting Late Jurassic plutons. Deformation in the North Fork terrane must have spanned a short period of time because the terrane is bounded structurally above and below by Middle or Late Jurassic thrust faults.
The North Fork terrane appears to contain no arc volcanic rocks or arc-derived detritus, suggesting that it neither constituted the base for an arc nor was in a basinal setting adjacent to an arc sediment source. Details of the progressive accretion and evolutionary relationship of the North Fork to other terranes of the Klamath Mountains are not yet clear.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<236:TONFTI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Ando, C., Irwin, W., Jones, D.L., and Saleeby, J., 1983, The ophiolitic North Fork terrane in the Salmon River region, central Klamath Mountains, California: GSA Bulletin, v. 94, no. 2, p. 236-252, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1983)94<236:TONFTI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","volume":"94","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ando, C.J.","contributorId":205855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ando","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saleeby, J.B.","contributorId":36148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saleeby","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70197591,"text":"70197591 - 1983 - New data on the age of Lepidocyclina in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:17:29.053664","indexId":"70197591","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2294,"text":"Journal of Foraminiferal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New data on the age of Lepidocyclina in California","docAbstract":"During the 1930's and early 1940's, controversy about the age of Lepidocyclina californica and faunas associated with it led to unreconcilable differences of opinion in the attempt to provide a standard stratigraphic framework for Cenozoic rocks of western North America. Two standards with significantly different series age assignments were provided, one based largelyon benthic foraminifers and the other on mollusks and echinoderms. Although both standards have more recently converged in regard to correlating faunas of the Pacific Coast with those in Europe, and although the age of Lepidocyclina has been more firmly established in various countries, the age of the California Lepidocyclina remains in doubt. We report here, for the first time, planktic foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton associated with the Lepidocyclina. These floras and faunas correlate with the Helicosphaera ampliaperta Zone of Bukrv and Zone N 7 of Blow and indicate that Lepidocyclina californica is probably early Miocene. This revised age removes the basis for the significantly different series age assignments for the Pacific Coast standards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.2113/gsjfr.13.3.167","usgsCitation":"Brabb, E.E., McDougall, K., and Poore, R., 1983, New data on the age of Lepidocyclina in California: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 167-178, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.13.3.167.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"178","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDougall, Kristen 0000-0002-8788-3664","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8788-3664","contributorId":52673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, R.Z.","contributorId":35314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"R.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207111,"text":"70207111 - 1983 - Strain‐rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas Faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973‐81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:28:14.525601","indexId":"70207111","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:23:24","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain‐rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas Faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973‐81","docAbstract":"A profile of the strain accumulation rate along a line trending N50°E across the subparallel Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas faults near Palm Springs, California, has been constructed from trilateration surveys in the 1973‐81 interval. The strain accumulation is principally right‐lateral shear across a vertical plane parallel to fault strike (N40°W). The strain rate profile for that component exhibits two clearly resolved maxima, one centered on the San Jacinto fault (γmax = 0.35 ± 0.02 µrad/a) and the other on the San Andreas fault (γmax = 0.40 ± 0.02 µrad/a); no maximum is associated with the Elsinore fault. This result clearly implies that slip at depth on both the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults is loading the shallower sections of these faults, and that eventually rupture can be expected on both.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL010i001p00055","usgsCitation":"King, N., and Savage, J.C., 1983, Strain‐rate profile across the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas Faults near Palm Springs, California, 1973‐81: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 10, no. 1, p. 55-57, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL010i001p00055.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"55","endPage":"57","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370046,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ],\n [\n -114.60937499999999,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -119.61914062499999,\n 32.861132322810946\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, N.E.","contributorId":29950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207109,"text":"70207109 - 1983 - Strain accumulation in western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-01T12:22:40.138835","indexId":"70207109","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-06T12:06:24","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":806,"text":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain accumulation in western United States","docAbstract":"This review is principally concerned with recent geodetic strain measurements in western United States undertaken by the US Geological Survey as part of the earthquake studies program and, as a consequence, is heavily biased toward the author's own publications. Most of the publications reporting crustal-strain measurements in western United States prior to about 1968 have been compiled in one volume (National Geodetic Survey 1973), and more recent work (with complete bibliographies) is summarized in three successive quadrennial reports to the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Meade 1971, Savage 1975, Thatcher 1979b). The following conventions are employed in this paper: Strain, a dimensionless quantity, is reported in units of 106 Extension is taken as positive. To distinguish between engineering and tensor shear strain, we denote the former by γ and quote the units as μrad, whereas the latter is denoted by e and given the units of μstrain. Uncertainties in all cases are quoted as ± one standard deviation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Review","doi":"10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.000303","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 1983, Strain accumulation in western United States: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 11, p. 11-43, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ea.11.050183.000303.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 32.731840896865684\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 34.4793919710481\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 34.4793919710481\n ],\n [\n -117.23510742187501,\n 32.731840896865684\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185620,"text":"70185620 - 1983 - Effect of retorted-oil shale leachate on a blue-green alga (Anabaena flos-aquae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:46:04","indexId":"70185620","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of retorted-oil shale leachate on a blue-green alga (Anabaena flos-aquae)","docAbstract":"In the event of the development of the large oil shale reserves of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, one of the main environmental concerns will be disposal of retorted-oil shale which will be generated in greater volume than the original volume oI the mined oil shale. Investigators have found that leachates of retorted-oil shale are alkaline and have large concentrations of dissolved solids, molybdenum, boron, and fluoride (STOLLENWERK & RUNNELS 1981). STOLLENWERK & RUNNELS (1981) concluded that drainage from waste shale piles could have deleterious effects on the water quality of streams in northwestern Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01610091","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C.E., and Stiles, E.A., 1983, Effect of retorted-oil shale leachate on a blue-green alga (Anabaena flos-aquae): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 30, no. 1, p. 6-16, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01610091.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"6","endPage":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303fe4b05ec799131115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pereira, Wilfred E.","contributorId":95552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"Wilfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rostad, Colleen E. cerostad@usgs.gov","contributorId":833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"Colleen","email":"cerostad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stiles, Eric A.","contributorId":8449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stiles","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011183,"text":"70011183 - 1983 - K-Ar ages and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean: Basaltic rock from the Brazilian margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T16:24:54.784161","indexId":"70011183","displayToPublicDate":"1983-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"K-Ar ages and the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean: Basaltic rock from the Brazilian margin","docAbstract":"Those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data have been examined. Subscenes of radiometric all raw data (B-data) were examined on an individual detector basis: areas of uniform radiance were used to characterize subtle radiometric differences and noise problems. A variety of anomalies have been discovered with magnitude of a few digital levels or less: the only problem not addressable by ground processing is irregular width of the digital levels. Essentially all of this non-ideal performance is incorporated in the fully processed (P-type) images, but disguised by the geometric resampling procedure. The overall performance of the Thematic Mapper is a great improvement over previous Landsat scanners.
\nThe effective resolution in radiance is degraded by about a factor of two by irregular width of the digital levels. Several detectors have a change of gain with a period of several scans, the largest effect is about 4%. These detectors appear to switch between two response levels during scan direction reversal; there is no apparent periodicity to these changes. This can cause small apparent difference between forward and reverse scans for portions of an image. The high-frequency noise level of each detector was characterized by the standard deviation of the first derivative in the sample direction across a flat field. Coherent sinusoidal noise patterns were determined using one-dimensional Fourier transforms. A \"stitching\" pattern in Band 1 has a period of 13.8 samples with a peak-to-peak amplitude ranging from 1 to 5 DN. Noise with a period of 3.24 samples is pronounced for most detectors in band 1, to a lesser extent in bands 2, 3, and 4, and below background noise levels in bands 5, 6, and 7.
\nThe geometric fidelity of the GSFC film writer used for Thematic Mapper (TM) images was assessed by measurement with accuracy bette than three micrometers of a test grid. A set of 55 control points with known UTM coordinates was measured on a digital display of part of band 5 of the TM image of the Washington, D.C. area and fitted to the control points. The standard error of the fit of the TM image to the control is 37 meters, or 1.3 pixels, with no consistent distortion. These test indicate that the geometric fidelity of TM images is likely to be higher than the ability of film recorders to reproduce the images.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pecora VIII Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Augustana Research Institute","publisherLocation":"Sioux Falls, SD","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H., 1983, Thematic mapper: detailed radiometric and geometric characteristics: Pecora VIII Symposium, p. 75-75.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7872e4b0abf75cf2d571","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh","contributorId":13747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185622,"text":"70185622 - 1983 - Transport of reacting solutes in porous media: Relation between mathematical nature of problem formulation and chemical nature of reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:57:34","indexId":"70185622","displayToPublicDate":"1983-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of reacting solutes in porous media: Relation between mathematical nature of problem formulation and chemical nature of reactions","docAbstract":"Examples involving six broad reaction classes show that the nature of transport-affecting chemistry may have a profound effect on the mathematical character of solute transport problem formulation. Substantive mathematical diversity among such formulations is brought about principally by reaction properties that determine whether (1) the reaction can be regarded as being controlled by local chemical equilibria or whether it must be considered as being controlled by kinetics, (2) the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous, (3) the reaction is a surface reaction (adsorption, ion exchange) or one of the reactions of classical chemistry (e.g., precipitation, dissolution, oxidation, reduction, complex formation). These properties, as well as the choice of means to describe them, stipulate, for instance, (1) the type of chemical entities for which a formulation's basic, mass-balance equations should be written; (2) the nature of mathematical transformations needed to change the problem's basic equations into operational ones. These and other influences determine such mathematical features of problem formulations as the nature of the operational transport-equation system (e.g., whether it involves algebraic, partial-differential, or integro-partial-differential simultaneous equations), the type of nonlinearities of such a system, and the character of the boundaries (e.g., whether they are stationary or moving). Exploration of the reasons for the dependence of transport mathematics on transport chemistry suggests that many results of this dependence stem from the basic properties of the reactions' chemical-relation (i.e., equilibrium or rate) equations.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i005p01231","usgsCitation":"Rubin, J., 1983, Transport of reacting solutes in porous media: Relation between mathematical nature of problem formulation and chemical nature of reactions: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 5, p. 1231-1252, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i005p01231.","productDescription":"22 p. ","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1252","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63040e4b05ec799131117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207804,"text":"70207804 - 1983 - Opening of the Red Sea: Constraints from a palaeomagnetic study of the As Sarat volcanic field, south‐western Saudi Arabia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T17:15:00.689351","indexId":"70207804","displayToPublicDate":"1983-09-01T11:44:45","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1804,"text":"Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Opening of the Red Sea: Constraints from a palaeomagnetic study of the As Sarat volcanic field, south‐western Saudi Arabia","docAbstract":"Four stratigraphic sections through alkali basalt flows of Oligocene to Miocene age (29‐24 Ma) in the As Sarat volcanic field, south‐western Saudi Arabia, were sampled for palaeomagnetic study. After systematic alternating‐field demagnetization, 42 magnetically acceptable flows (139 samples) yield a mean direction of magnetization of =355.3°, =15.2° (α=4.3°), which defines a palaeomagnetic pole at 78.8°N, 247.8°E. Of these acceptable flows, 24 are normally, and 18 reversely, magnetized. Part of one section was apparently erupted during the early phases of a polarity reversal of the Earth's field. The mean direction derived from the 24 normally magnetized flows is significantly different (after inverting 180°) from that derived from the 18 reversed flows, supporting the hypothesis of a displaced dipole source for the Earth's field in late Oligocene to early Miocene time. A comparison of the results from As Sarat with palaeomagnetic results from upper Tertiary rocks in Africa indicates that the Red Sea has opened 12° (estimated ±8° at the 95 per cent confidence level). These results indicate that most of the counter‐clockwise rotation of Arabia relative to Africa occurred since the eruption of the As Sarat volcanics, in disagreement with proposed models for main‐stage Red Sea spreading from late Eocene to early Oligocene time. The palaeomagnetic results also indicate that the Arabian Peninsula was more equatorial in late Oligocene to early Miocene time than it is now, by an amount compatible with the opening of the Gulf of Aden
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K.S., and Reynolds, R.L., 1983, Opening of the Red Sea: Constraints from a palaeomagnetic study of the As Sarat volcanic field, south‐western Saudi Arabia: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 74, no. 3, p. 649-665.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"665","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/74/3/649/577855","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":371216,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Saudi Arabia","otherGeospatial":"As Sarat volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 42.9345703125,\n 17.5602465032949\n ],\n [\n 45.703125,\n 17.5602465032949\n ],\n [\n 45.703125,\n 19.145168196205297\n ],\n [\n 42.9345703125,\n 19.145168196205297\n ],\n [\n 42.9345703125,\n 17.5602465032949\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S. 0000-0002-6536-9066 kkellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-9066","contributorId":1206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl","email":"kkellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204617,"text":"70204617 - 1983 - Seedling establishment on a landslide site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-06T12:22:26","indexId":"70204617","displayToPublicDate":"1983-08-06T12:02:24","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1195,"text":"Castanea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seedling establishment on a landslide site","docAbstract":"Two landslide scars (slide tracks) were plot sampled one and two years after landsliding to determine plant species involved in ecesis. The study site is located in a blockfield cove on Massanutten Mountain, northern Virginia. Old growth forest, adjacent to the slide tracks, is composed primarily of hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and sweet birch (Betula lenta). These species are the first and foremost colonizers on the slide tracks. Dendrochronological analysis shows that landsliding is frequent at the study site and this disturbance may impart non-equilibrium conditions on the forest. Seed bed characteristics, light availability, and mode of dispersal may be important factors in plant ecesis on slide tracks
","language":"English","publisher":"Southern Appalachian Botanical Society","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C.R., 1983, Seedling establishment on a landslide site: Castanea, v. 48, no. 2, p. 89-98.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":366302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4033072"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":" Massanutten Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -78.5302734375,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -78.5302734375,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 38.62545397209084\n ],\n [\n -78.79394531249999,\n 38.35027253825765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001481,"text":"1001481 - 1983 - Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-01T15:49:08.811316","indexId":"1001481","displayToPublicDate":"1983-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota","docAbstract":"Island-nesting mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and gadwalls (A. strepera) were studied on a 4.5-ha island in 385-ha Miller Lake in northwestern North Dakota during 1976-80. During the 5-year study, 2,561 duck nests of 9 species were found on Island A located 180 m offshore; 59% were mallard and 34% were gadwall. In patches of shrub cover, which contained the greatest concentrations of nests, densities ranged from 241 to 389 mallard nests/ha and from 139 to 237 gadwall nests/ha. Over 97% of the nests were placed in 4 patches of shrubs totaling about 1 ha of western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis)--Woods rose (Rosa woodsii) cover, which composed about 30% of the island's vegetation. Average hatching success was 85% for clutches of all species. Abandonment averaged 14% (348 of 2,426 nests) and was the major cause of egg failure. Only 15 nests (<1%) were destroyed, primarily by ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) or California gulls (L. californicus). A minimum of 15,960 ducklings including 9,300 mallards and 5,150 gadwalls hatched on 4.5-ha Island A. Hatching rates of eggs in successful nests averaged 83% for mallards and 87% for gadwalls. Despite the close spacing of nests, most individual hens maintained normal nesting regimes. Eighty-one percent of the mallard clutches contained 7-13 eggs and 81% of the gadwall clutches contained 8-14 eggs. Island A in Miller Lake provides an outstanding example of the potential for high reproduction levels of mallards and gadwalls nesting in small areas of predator-free habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808608","usgsCitation":"Duebbert, H.F., Lokemoen, J.T., and Sharp, D.E., 1983, Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 3, p. 729-740, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808608.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"740","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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