A study to determine the major factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas in eastern North Dakota was conducted from 1969 through 1974. A total of 186 duck nests was found during searches on 6,018 ha of upland. Nest density per km2 for 5 major habitat types was 20.2 in untilled upland, 3.7 in standing grain stubble, 1.6 in mulched grain stubble, 1.2 in summer fallow, and 1.1 in growing grain. Pintails (Anas acuta) nested in cultivated cropland types in greater prevalence than other duck species. Nest densities were 12 times greater on untilled upland (20.2/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (1.7/km2), and hatched-clutch densities were 16 times greater on untilled upland (4.8/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (0.3/km2). Hatching success was greater on untilled upland (25%) than on tilled cropland (17%). Of 186 nests found, 77 percent did not hatch; 76 percent of the failures were attributed to predators and 19 percent to farming operations. Poor quality nesting cover, the result of intensive land use practices, and nesting failures caused by machinery and predators mainly mammals, were the principal factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas.
","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800600","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K., 1977, Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 2, p. 232-242, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800600.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"41","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170909,"text":"70170909 - 1977 - Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:56:02","indexId":"70170909","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":293,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Intensified land development on the Anoka sand plain necessitates a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the surficial outwash deposits of the area. The Anoka sand-plain aquifer consists of outwash attributable to two different ice lobes. Predominant grain size of the upper outwash decreases and sorting coefficient increases from west to east. Till or lake deposits underlie most of the surficial outwash. In some areas, these deposits are absent and the aquifer is directly underlain by bedrock, mainly sandstone. Preliminary study indicates that parts of the aquifer may yield several hundred to more than 1,000 gallons of water per minute to properly developed large-diameter wells. Storage in the aquifer is estimated to be 2,000 billion gallons and annual withdrawals approaching 250 billion gallons may be sustained. More detailed analysis is essential for proper management and optimum use of the resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Helgesen, J.O., and Lindholm, G.F., 1977, Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota: Technical Paper 6, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.leg.state.mn.us/edocs/edocs?oclcnumber=05392091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Anoka Sand Plain aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57330630e4b0dae0d5dcd1c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindholm, G. F.","contributorId":88763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233074,"text":"70233074 - 1977 - Mercury in oil shale from the mahogany zone of the Green River formation, eastern Utah and western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:14:25.497854","indexId":"70233074","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T11:06:46","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in oil shale from the mahogany zone of the Green River formation, eastern Utah and western Colorado","docAbstract":"Mercury has been reported in concentrations as high as 4 parts per million from oil shale in the Green River Formation near the Federal oil-shale prototype lease-tracts U-a and U-b in eastern Utah. This high concentration of mercury if present throughout a minable zone, would be of concern in commercial oil-shale operations processing large volumes of shale. Using an improved analytical method, surface samples from eastern Utah previously reported to contain high concentrations of mercury were reanalyzed, and an additional 183 drill core samples from the Mahogany zone and adjacent beds were analyzed. The reanalyzed samples averaged slightly more than 0.35 ppm mercury and the drill-core samples averaged 0.37 ppm. The products from a Fischer assay of 100-gram sample of oil shale, found to yield 35 gallons pier ton of oil and 43 ppm of mercury, were analyzed for their mercury content. The spent shale contained only 2 percent of the total mercury in the assay products and the gas fraction contained about 58 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Donnell, J., and Shaw, V.E., 1977, Mercury in oil shale from the mahogany zone of the Green River formation, eastern Utah and western Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 221-226.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 39.29179704377487\n ],\n [\n -107.3638916015625,\n 39.29179704377487\n ],\n [\n -107.3638916015625,\n 41.025499378313754\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 41.025499378313754\n ],\n [\n -109.7314453125,\n 39.29179704377487\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnell, John R.","contributorId":84330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnell","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, Van E.","contributorId":146896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Van","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70233059,"text":"70233059 - 1977 - Pleistocene fishes from Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:36:36.362775","indexId":"70233059","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T10:27:50","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene fishes from Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"Six types of freshwater fishes were recovered from an early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) locality on the east side of San Francisco Bay, Alameda County, Calif. The fauna includes one centrarchid, one salmonid, three cyprinids, and one catostomid. The fauna indicates fluvial and slow-moving or lacustrine aquatic environments. One of the cyprinids and the catostomid are assigned to provisional genera because of the inadequate amount of material available for study and the obvious differences between these fossils and known fossil or recent fishes. They are new additions to the Pleistocene fish fauna of California. Paleogeographic distribution of some of these fishes indicates former fluvial or lacustrine connections between Utah, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and California. The Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil fish faunas indicate the widespread occurrence of genera now endemic to California. A similar picture is presented by the molluscan evidence.
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Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Casteel, R.W., and Adam, D.P., 1977, Pleistocene fishes from Alameda County, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 209-215.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"215","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda 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Richard W.","contributorId":28241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casteel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009955,"text":"70009955 - 1977 - Delaware River: Evidence for its former extension to Wilmington Submarine Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T16:29:17.544502","indexId":"70009955","displayToPublicDate":"1977-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delaware River: Evidence for its former extension to Wilmington Submarine Canyon","docAbstract":"Seismic-reflection profiles indicate that during the Pleistocene the Delaware River flowed across the continental shelf east of Delaware Bay and emptied into Wilmington Submarine Canyon. The ancestral valley (width, 3 to 8 kilometers; relief, 10 to 30 meters) is buried, is not reflected in the surface topography, and probably predates the formation of the present canyon head.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.195.4277.483","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Knebel, H., and Folger, D.W., 1977, Delaware River: Evidence for its former extension to Wilmington Submarine Canyon: Science, v. 195, no. 4277, p. 483-485, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4277.483.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"485","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.77418738436643,\n 39.7369030436918\n ],\n [\n -75.77418738436643,\n 38.43058282173703\n ],\n [\n -74.88970281894306,\n 38.43058282173703\n ],\n [\n -74.88970281894306,\n 39.7369030436918\n ],\n [\n -75.77418738436643,\n 39.7369030436918\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"195","issue":"4277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe5be4b0c8380cd4ecc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198917,"text":"70198917 - 1977 - Geology of the Waynesboro East and Waynesboro West Quadrangles, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-21T10:43:21","indexId":"70198917","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-03T15:27:31","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Geology of the Waynesboro East and Waynesboro West Quadrangles, Virginia","docAbstract":"The Waynesboro East and Waynesboro West Quadrangles comprise an area of approximately 117 square miles (304 sq km) in portions of Albemarle, Augusta, and Nelson counties in north-central Virginia. Included in the quadrangles are portions of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge physiographic provinces and two major regional structures - the Blue Ridge anticlinoriurm and the Massanutten synclinorium.
The rocks of the Blue Ridge anticlorium are complexly folded and faulted and consist of five sequences, the oldest being the Precambrian gneisses that include the Lovingston and Pedlar formations. Unconformably overlying these rocks or in fault contact with them is a sequence of Precambrian(?) stratified rock units including the metamorphosed, fluvial, sedimentary, and basic volcanic strata of the Swift Run and Catoctin formations. These are overlain by a sequence of Cambrian clastic rocks that include the Weverton, Harpers, and Antietarn formations. The Massanutten synclinorium within the study area is formed from the overlying Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate sequence that includes the Shady, Waynesboro, Elbrook, Conococheague, Chepultepec, Beekmantown, New Market, and Lincolnshire formations. These carbonate rocks are overlain by the Ordovician clastic sequence of the Martinsburg Formation. Many of these rock units are locally intruded by diabase dikes of Triassic age and are IocalIy covered by alluvial Quaternary sediments.
The intensity of deformation increases from northwest to southeast with recumbent folds, thrust faults, and zones of cataclastic rocks present in the southeastern half of the area. All of the rocks are altered with the metamorphic rank being somewhat greater to the southeast.
Sources of agricultural limestone, limestone aggregate, and in limited quantities high-calcium Iimestone are present. Ceramic clay, crushed stone. sand and gravel, and iron and manganese have been produced in small quantities.
Fourteen environmental geologic units having similar geologic factors - bedrock, residuum, and soil properties - affecting land modification have been delineated. Each is briefly evaluated with respect to slope stability, erodibility, and response to excavation or other types of land modification. Rockfall, karst. cave areas, and floodprone regions have been delineated.
","largerWorkTitle":"Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication","publisher":"Commonwealth of Virginia, Dept. of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Charlottesville, VA","usgsCitation":"Gathright, T.M., Henika, W.S., and Sullivan, J.L., 1977, Geology of the Waynesboro East and Waynesboro West Quadrangles, Virginia, v. 3, 53 p.","productDescription":"53 p.","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356747,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commercedocs/PUB_3.pdf","text":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Albemarle County, Augusta County, Nelson County","city":"Waynesboro","otherGeospatial":"Waynesboro East quadrangle, Waynesboro West Quadrangle","volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gathright, Thomas M. II","contributorId":207266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gathright","given":"Thomas","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henika, William S.","contributorId":178188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henika","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sullivan, John L.","contributorId":207277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sullivan","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30043,"text":"wri7761 - 1977 - The effect of the Faka Union Canal system on water levels in the Fakahatchee Strand, Collier County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-06T16:35:14.160273","indexId":"wri7761","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T21:30:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-61","title":"The effect of the Faka Union Canal system on water levels in the Fakahatchee Strand, Collier County, Florida","docAbstract":"The Faka Union Canal system, constructed in the western Big Cypress Swamp, Fla., in the early 1970's, lies about 3.5 miles west of the centerline of the Fakahatchee Strand, a forested water course which the State of Florida has designated as an Area of Critical State Concern in order to conserve natural resources. Between 1970 and 1975 the canal system annually discharged to the Gulf of Mexico from 143,200 to 275,600 acre-feet of freshwater. Discharge lowered ground-water levels as much as 4 feet near the eastern canal and created a water-level gradient that indicates water flowed from the Fakahatchee Strand west toward the canal during most of the year. In June 1975, water from early summer rains was impounded in the eastern canal upstream of the control structure at Janes Scenic Drive, and, as water levels rose in this reach, water flowed from the canal into the aquifer and around the control structure.
The annual low-water level in the center of the Fakahatchee Strand declined from nearly 3 feet above mean sea level in 1972 to 1 foot above mean sea level in 1974. (Woodard-USGS)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7761","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Swayze, L.J., and McPherson, B.F., 1977, The effect of the Faka Union Canal system on water levels in the Fakahatchee Strand, Collier County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-61, iii, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7761.","productDescription":"iii, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2477,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0061/wri7761.pdf","text":"Report","size":"885 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":159292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0061/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Collier County","otherGeospatial":"Fakahatchee Strand, Faka Union Canal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.25326538085938,\n 25.75413552707459\n ],\n [\n -81.20407104492188,\n 25.75413552707459\n ],\n [\n -81.20407104492188,\n 26.606946521203206\n ],\n [\n -82.25326538085938,\n 26.606946521203206\n ],\n [\n -82.25326538085938,\n 25.75413552707459\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Muscatine Island is a wide segment of the west bank of the Mississippi River flood plain that covers about 50 square miles in Muscatine and Louisa Counties; the project area encompasses the 30 square miles in Muscatine County. The flood plain is underlain by thick, permeable alluvial deposits that comprise a water-table aquifer that is developed extensively for water supplies in the area. The aquifer consists principally of sand and gravel, interbedded with lenses of silt and clay. Its saturated thickness ranges from about 40 to 140 feet. The transmissivity and storage coefficients of the aquifer range from about 20,000 ft.2/day and 0.15. respectively, in the western part of the Island to about 39,500 ft.2/day and 0.24 in the eastern part. The amount of water stored in the aquifer, under normal conditions, is about 100 billion gallons.
\nDischarge from the aquifer is principally by pumpage, which has increased from about 1 mgd (million gallons per day) in 1906 to about 37 mgd in 1970. About 2.5 mgd is normally lost to seepage and evapotranspiration along a 9-mile reach of Muscatine Slough in Muscatine County. About 0.9 mgd is discharged by evaporation from gravel pits.
\nRecharge to the aquifer is by induced infiltration from the Mississippi River, seepage from the river during major flood events, precipitation, and seepage from the underlying limestone bedrock. Induced infiltration provides about 80 to 85 percent of the water withdrawn from the principal pumping centers along the river and also replaces about 70 to 80 percent of the water that is evaporated from the gravel pits; this amounted to about 30 mgd in 1971. Additional significant recharge from the river occurs during major floods, when prolonged high stages provide the head for considerable underflow to the aquifer. Recharge from precipitation on the Island was calculated to average about 6inches per year or about 0.3 mgd per square mile. Seepage from bedrock is significant and is attributed to the increased head differential between the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in the areas of major pumping.
\nThe chemical constituents of water from the aquifer are generally within the recommended limits established by the U. S. Public Health Service for drinking water.
\nStresses on the hydrologic system have affected the position and configuration of the water table and the chemical quality of the ground water. The large-scale withdrawals, which began at the principal pumping centers in 1946, have caused the water table to decline from about 1 foot in the interior of the Island to about 5 feet near the edges of the main pumping centers; the decline was more than 8 feet under the pumping centers. A slight increase in hardness of water from riverward wells in the pumping centers is attributed to the induced infiltration of slightly harder river water; a noticeable increase in hardness and iron content in water from landward wells is attributed to seepage of water from the bedrock. In the central irrigated area, which is underlain by very permeable, highly drained soils that are mulched with organic fertilizers, the nitrate content of the ground water is as high as 46 mg/l (milligrams per liter). Land-use practices have had, and probably will continue to have, an impact on the quality and quantity of water available in the system.
\nThe hydrologic system in 1971 was in dynamic equilibrium or in near-equilibrium with the stresses imposed on it to that date. This equilibrium would be disturbed by any additional stresses on the system and water levels would change until a new equilibrium was established. The effects of future stresses can be reasonably predicted by developing a digital model of the system. The data to develop such a model are available in this report. Continued and expanded monitoring of water levels would provide data for better model verification. Periodic monitoring of nitrate and other chemical constituents would permit early detection of changes in concentration before the concentrations reached excessive levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"State of Iowa","publisherLocation":"Des Moines, IA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Geological Survey, the United States Geological Survey, and the Board of Water and Light Trustees of the City of Muscatine, Iowa","usgsCitation":"Hansen, R., and Steinhilber, W.L., 1977, Geohydrology of Muscatine Island, Muscatine County, Iowa: Water Supply Bulletin 11, viii, 60 p.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70168651.JPG"},{"id":493177,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70168651/IGS_wsb_11.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.95","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Muscatine","otherGeospatial":"Muscatine Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.23252868652344,\n 41.22773259388589\n ],\n [\n -91.23252868652344,\n 41.45199070565348\n ],\n [\n -90.98533630371094,\n 41.45199070565348\n ],\n [\n -90.98533630371094,\n 41.22773259388589\n ],\n [\n -91.23252868652344,\n 41.22773259388589\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56cc3fdce4b059daa47e45a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, R.E.","contributorId":57109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinhilber, W. L.","contributorId":79456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinhilber","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70119607,"text":"70119607 - 1977 - Winter bird populations in pine and pine-hardwood forest stands in East Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-07T16:07:46","indexId":"70119607","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T16:03:24","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Winter bird populations in pine and pine-hardwood forest stands in East Texas","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference, Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","publisherLocation":"Montgomery, AL","usgsCitation":"Dickson, J., and Segelquist, C., 1977, Winter bird populations in pine and pine-hardwood forest stands in East Texas.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":291869,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.27,25.84 ], [ -100.27,36.5 ], [ -93.51,36.5 ], [ -93.51,25.84 ], [ -100.27,25.84 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e492d2e4b0fff40428a638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickson, J.G.","contributorId":15537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickson","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segelquist, C.A.","contributorId":108410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236596,"text":"70236596 - 1977 - International training in remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-12T15:29:56.052665","indexId":"70236596","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T10:09:11","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"International training in remote sensing","docAbstract":"The training and assistance programme at the Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota (United States of America), is designed to provide for the transfer of remote-sensing technology to land managers and resource specialists, both domestic and foreign. The programme does not emphasize research and development (i.e., sensor development, feasibility analysis, applications research etc.) nor does it provide services to operational remote-sensing applications projects. Instead, the objectives of the programme are to comprehend, interpret, assess and translate state-of-the-art remote-sensing techniques and transfer to users those techniques in such manner that they can be easily understood. The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly the user assistance programmes available at the EROS Data Center, with emphasis on the international activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Eighth United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"8th United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East","conferenceDate":"January 17-28, 1977","conferenceLocation":"Bangkok, Thailand","language":"English","publisher":"United Nations","usgsCitation":"Lauer, D.T., 1977, International training in remote sensing, in Eighth United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for Asia and the Far East, v. 2, Bangkok, Thailand, January 17-28, 1977, p. 424-425.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"424","endPage":"425","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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Colorado","docAbstract":"A solute-transport model that can be used to predict the movement of dissolved chemicals in flowing ground water was applied to a problem of ground-water contamination at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, near Denver, Colo. The model couples a finite-difference solution to the ground-water flow equation with the method-of-characteristics solution to the solute-transport equation. \r\n\r\nFrom 1943 to 1956 liquid industrial wastes containing high chloride concentrations were disposed into unlined ponds at the Arsenal. Wastes seeped out of the unlined disposal ponds and spread for many square miles in the underlying shallow alluvial aquifer. Since 1956 disposal has been into an asphalt-lined reservoir, which contributed to a decline in ground-water contamination by 1972. The simulation model quantitatively integrated the effects of the major factors that controlled changes in chloride concentrations and accurately reproduced the 30-year history of chloride ground-water contamination. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of the simulation results indicates that the geologic framework of the area markedly restricted the transport and dispersion of dissolved chemicals in the alluvium. Dilution, from irrigation recharge and seepage from unlined canals, was an important factor in reducing the level of chloride concentrations downgradient from the Arsenal. Similarly, recharge of uncontaminated water from the unlined ponds since 1956 has helped to dilute and flush the contaminated ground water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2044","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1977, Modeling chloride movement in the alluvial aquifer at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2044, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2044.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":27579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2044/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2044/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415889,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25388.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain Arsenal","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.7864619925063,\n 39.87200017342937\n ],\n [\n -104.90544337744733,\n 39.87200017342937\n ],\n [\n -104.90544337744733,\n 39.79752238121182\n ],\n [\n -104.7864619925063,\n 39.79752238121182\n ],\n [\n -104.7864619925063,\n 39.87200017342937\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69994b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011116,"text":"70011116 - 1977 - Heavy-mineral variability in bottom sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T17:22:46.181232","indexId":"70011116","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heavy-mineral variability in bottom sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia","docAbstract":"Heavy minerals in bottom-sediment samples of the lower Chesapeake Bay show distribution patterns and interrelationships that denote characteristic mineral suites associated with defined geographic provinces. The Baymouth province has a garnet-hornblende-pyroxene suite, which is largely attributed to the influx of littoral and shelf sediments; the Eastern Shore province has a similar suite, derived largely from coastal erosion of the Eastern Shore peninsula. The Northern and Combined River provinces have a zircon-tourmaline-staurolite assemblage, which reflects derivation from an Appalachian Piedmont-Atlantic Coastal Plain sourceland. The Western Shore province is associated with a zircon-epidote-staurolite assemblage, apparently derived jointly from tributary influx and coastal erosion of the western shore. Factor analysis identified two major factors that account for 63% of the total variation in the relative amounts of the seven most common heavy minerals. The dominant factor (44%) is based on a zircon-hornblende-staurolite-pyroxene relationship, which indicates that mineral stability, as influenced by sediment maturity, is a major contributing factor. The second factor (19%) based on a tourmaline-epidote-staurolite-garnet relationship indicates that provenance is another major cause of heavy-mineral variability within the lower bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(77)90020-2","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Firek, F., Shideler, G.L., and Fleischer, P., 1977, Heavy-mineral variability in bottom sediments of the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia: Marine Geology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 217-235, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(77)90020-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"235","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.89560298064909,\n 38.3912568748371\n ],\n [\n -76.89560298064909,\n 36.94229799680893\n ],\n [\n -75.59913425683538,\n 36.94229799680893\n ],\n [\n -75.59913425683538,\n 38.3912568748371\n ],\n [\n -76.89560298064909,\n 38.3912568748371\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a302ae4b0c8380cd5d412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Firek, F.","contributorId":55576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firek","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shideler, G. L.","contributorId":63393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleischer, P.","contributorId":43498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleischer","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162472,"text":"70162472 - 1977 - Earthquake history of Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T14:11:05","indexId":"70162472","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake history of Tennessee","docAbstract":"The western part of the State was shaken strongly by the New Madrid, Mo., earthquakes of 1811-12 and by earthquakes in 1843 and 1895. The area has also experienced minor shocks. Additional activity has occurred in the eastern part of the State, near the North Carolina border. Forty shocks of intensity V (Modified Mercalli scale) or greater have been cataloged as occurring within the State. Many other earthquakes centered in bordering States have affected points in Tennessee. The following summary covers only hose shocks of intensity VI or greater.
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A.","contributorId":7699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Hake","given":"C. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169194,"text":"70169194 - 1977 - Earthquakes, October-November 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T16:08:23","indexId":"70169194","displayToPublicDate":"1977-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, October-November 1976","docAbstract":"October brought two damaging earthquakes to Ecuador and New Guinea. The Ecuador earthquake, although only magnitude 5.5, caused casualties and damage. The new Guinea earthquake, a major quake, caused a loss of life and damage. Two major earthquakes were experienced during November, in eastern Turkey on November 24 and in northern Chile on November 30. The Turkey earthquake was devastating as usual in that area. Other areas of the world experienced strong earthquakes-Iran, China, Solomon Islands, and the Philippine Islands; some caused death and damage.
\nThe United States experienced a number of moderate earthquakes, but no signigicant damage sustained.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1977, Earthquakes, October-November 1976: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 9, no. 2, p. 32-36.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"32","endPage":"36","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be39e4b0f59b85e02e0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29641,"text":"wri76119 - 1977 - Hydraulic conductivity and water quality of the shallow aquifer, Palm Beach County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T18:56:33.684419","indexId":"wri76119","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T21:20:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-119","title":"Hydraulic conductivity and water quality of the shallow aquifer, Palm Beach County, Florida","docAbstract":"Subsurface geophysical logs were correlated with logs of drill cuttings to determine the permeability of selected zones of the shallow aquifer, Palm Beach County, Fla. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is estimated to range from 1 to 130 feet per day, based on lithology and physical properties. The yield of wells penetrating this aquifer ranges from 100 to more than 1,000 gallons per minute. Water samples were collected from different depths throughout the county and analyzed for chemical constituents. Stiff diagrams illustrate the changes in types of water by depth and area. Water of suitable quality is in the eastern parts of the county. In this area the aquifer is the thickest and most permeable. The concentration of chemical constituents in the water increase in a westerly direction. The water in the western parts of the county is unsuitable for most purposes. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri76119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Palm Beach County Board of Commissioners and South Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Scott, W.B., 1977, Hydraulic conductivity and water quality of the shallow aquifer, Palm Beach County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-119, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76119.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58463,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0119/wri-76-119.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":126484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0119/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Six multichannel seismic-reflection profiles taken across the Atlantic continental margin off the northeastern United States show an excess of 14 km of presumed Mesozoic and younger sedimentary rocks in the Baltimore Canyon trough and 8 km in the Georges Bank basin.
Beneath the continental rise, the sedimentary prism thickness exceeds 7 km south of New Jersey and Maryland, and it is 4.5 km thick south of Georges Bank. Stratigraphically, the continental slope–outer edge of the continental shelf is a transition zone of high-velocity sedimentary rock, probably carbonate, that covers deeply subsided basement.
Acoustically, the sedimentary sequence beneath the shelf is divided into three units which are correlated speculatively with the Cenozoic, the Cretaceous, and the Jurassic-Triassic sections. These units thicken offshore, and some have increased seismic velocities farther offshore. The uppermost unit thickens from a fraction of a kilometer to slightly more than a kilometer in a seaward direction, and velocity values range from 1.7 to 2.2 km/sec. The middle unit thickens from a fraction of a kilometer to as much as 5 km (northern Baltimore Canyon trough), and seismic velocity ranges from 2.2 to 5.4 km/sec. The lowest unit thickens to a maximum of 9 km (northern Baltimore Canyon), and velocities span the 3.9 to 5.9-km/sec interval.
The spatial separation of magnetic and gravity anomalies on line 2 (New Jersey) suggests that in the Baltimore Canyon region the magnetic-slope anomaly is due to edge effects and that the previously reported free-air and isostatic gravity anomalies over the outer shelf may be due in part to a lateral increase in sediment density (velocity) near the shelf edge. The East Coast magnetic anomaly and the free-air gravity high both coincide over the outer shelf edge on line 1 (Georges Bank) but are offset by 20 km from the ridge on the reflection profile. Because the magnetic-slope-anomaly wavelength is nearly 50 km across, a deep source is likely. In part, the positive free-air gravity anomaly likewise may represent the significant lateral density increase within the sedimentary section toward the outer edge of the shelf.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","publisherLocation":"Tulsa, OK","doi":"10.1306/C1EA35E1-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schlee, J., Behrendt, J.C., Grow, J., Robb, J.M., Mattick, R.E., Taylor, P.T., and Lawson, B.J., 1976, Regional geologic framework off northeastern United States: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 60, no. 6, p. 926-951, https://doi.org/10.1306/C1EA35E1-16C9-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266431,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.57445495565841,\n 34.54201079036788\n ],\n [\n -67.00870217573663,\n 32.68969202501184\n ],\n [\n -64.4151885851629,\n 33.653394442107356\n ],\n [\n -58.9581858826422,\n 40.6927360683957\n ],\n [\n -68.50221203592804,\n 42.200234266771474\n ],\n [\n -70.993156429557,\n 40.57584686002005\n ],\n [\n -73.8834116106613,\n 39.16159111213017\n ],\n [\n -75.18467319036125,\n 36.48592421852297\n ],\n [\n -74.48849487074959,\n 34.39791504686983\n ],\n [\n -74.57445495565841,\n 34.54201079036788\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51026629e4b0d4f5ea817c51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlee, John","contributorId":16078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlee","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grow, John A.","contributorId":51739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"John A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":472338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattick, Robert E.","contributorId":44130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattick","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, P. 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J.","contributorId":11905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70043506,"text":"70043506 - 1976 - Beacon Hill end moraine, Boston: new explanation of an important urban feature","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14425,"text":"ofr7557 - 1975 - Beacon Hill End Moraine, Boston; a new explanation of an important urban feature","indexId":"ofr7557","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"title":"Beacon Hill End Moraine, Boston; a new explanation of an important urban feature"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70043506,"text":"70043506 - 1976 - Beacon Hill end moraine, Boston: new explanation of an important urban feature","indexId":"70043506","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"title":"Beacon Hill end moraine, Boston: new explanation of an important urban feature"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T13:04:04","indexId":"70043506","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Beacon Hill end moraine, Boston: new explanation of an important urban feature","docAbstract":"The usefulness of geology to engineers is in direct proportion to how well it helps us predict the subsurface; these predictions, in turn, depend on our knowledge of the geomorphic processes that molded the terrain. The uncertainties of interpretation are particularly great in glaciated terrain because our understanding of both glacial processes and history is so incomplete, a fact well illustrated in Beacon Hill. Recent construction activities in the eastern part of the hill, until now classified as a drumlin, have shown that it is better interpreted as an end moraine formed by a Wisconsonian glacial readvance. Instead of the firm till that was anticipated as foundation material, excavations exposed a complex of sand, gravel, and clay, with only minor zones of till. The structure of these deposits strongly suggests that originally they were plates of the glacial bed that froze to the glacier and were transported englacially. Thrust faulting and other deformations are glacial structures formed within the ice in the glacier's terminal zone. In spite of the complex englacial history, these deposits lost little of their original appearance and intergranular relationships. Upon deglaciation, the frozen moraine thawed, and slumping formed complex secondary structures on the ridge's lower flanks.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Urban Gomorphology (Geological Society of America, Special Paper 174)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","usgsCitation":"Kaye, C., 1976, Beacon Hill end moraine, Boston: new explanation of an important urban feature, chap. of Urban Gomorphology (Geological Society of America, Special Paper 174), v. 174, p. 7-20.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Boston","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.1911,42.2279 ], [ -71.1911,42.3989 ], [ -70.9232,42.3989 ], [ -70.9232,42.2279 ], [ -71.1911,42.2279 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511cc3f7e4b0f79c4d2cebc8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Coates, Donald R.","contributorId":111569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509212,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kaye, Clifford A.","contributorId":17624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaye","given":"Clifford A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5211398,"text":"5211398 - 1976 - Incidence of lead shot in canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211398","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:20","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Incidence of lead shot in canvasbacks","docAbstract":"During 1975 and 1976, 2,544 canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) from North Dakota, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Maryland were flouroscoped to determine the incidence of body shot. A significant increase from west to east was detected in the incidence of shot for immatures from the four states. The incidence of shot in immatures after the 1975-76 hunting season was 18 percent in Maryland and 20 percent in Illinois. In Wisconsin no difference in the incidence of shot could be detected between areas trapped or time periods when trapping was conducted. In Maryland a significant decrease in the incidence of body shot was detected in adults, but not immatures, between 1975 and 1976. shot was located throughout the body of canvasbacks. Frequency varied from one to nine shot per bird and averaged 2.0 for adults and 1.5 for immatures.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the Canvasback Workshop : April 6-7, 1976, Ramada Inn, Jamestown, North Dakota","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"North Dakota Game and Fish Department","publisherLocation":"Bismark","collaboration":"Hosted by North Dakota Game and Fish Department and the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Sponsors, Central Mountains and Plains Section and North Dakota Chapter of the Wildlife Society.","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1976, Incidence of lead shot in canvasbacks, chap. of Transactions of the Canvasback Workshop : April 6-7, 1976, Ramada Inn, Jamestown, North Dakota, p. 46-47.","productDescription":"v, 63","startPage":"46","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f57d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162512,"text":"70162512 - 1976 - Trace-metal variation in soils and sagebrush in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-25T18:37:07","indexId":"70162512","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace-metal variation in soils and sagebrush in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance study of 28 trace metals in samples of surface soil (0-2.5 cm deep), subsurface soil (15-20 cm deep), and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) that were collected from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana indicates that little variation occurs in nature at scales greater than about 35 km. This general lack of broadscale variation suggests that simple summary statistics for these materials could provide basinwide geochemical baselines for use in monitoring secular changes in the local geochemical environment. Samples of big sagebrush near the Dave Johnston Power Plant at the southern edge of the basin exhibit statistically significant reductions of strontium, vanadium, uranium, and selenium eastward from the plant.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Connor, J.J., Keith, J.R., and Anderson, B.M., 1976, Trace-metal variation in soils and sagebrush in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 4, no. 1, p. 49-59.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":314838,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1976/vol4issue1/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"16.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -104.1,\n 47\n ],\n [\n -104.1,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -108,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a7556fe4b0b28f1184d89f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connor, Jon J.","contributorId":21948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connor","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keith, John R. 0000-0002-4665-227X jkeith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-227X","contributorId":4252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"John","email":"jkeith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":589712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Barbara M.","contributorId":75155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}