Large datasets, such as the Global Land 1-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Data Set (Eidenshink and Faundeen 1994), require compression methods that provide efficient storage and quick access to portions of the data. A method of lossless compression is described that provides multiresolution decompression within geographic subwindows of multi-spectral, global, 1-km, AVHRR images. The compression algorithm segments each image into blocks and compresses each block in a hierarchical format. Users can access the data by specifying either a geographic subwindow or the whole image and a resolution (1,2,4, 8, or 16 km). The Global Land 1-km AVHRR data are presented in the Interrupted Goode's Homolosine map projection. These images contain masked regions for non-land areas which comprise 80 per cent of the image. A quadtree algorithm is used to compress the masked regions. The compressed region data are stored separately from the compressed land data. Results show that the masked regions compress to 0·143 per cent of the bytes they occupy in the test image and the land areas are compressed to 33·2 per cent of their original size. The entire image is compressed hierarchically to 6·72 per cent of the original image size, reducing the data from 9·05 gigabytes to 623 megabytes. These results are compared to the first order entropy of the residual image produced with lossless Joint Photographic Experts Group predictors. Compression results are also given for Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) and LZ77, the algorithms used by UNIX compress and GZIP respectively. In addition to providing multiresolution decompression of geographic subwindows of the data, the hierarchical approach and the use of quadtrees for storing the masked regions gives a marked improvement over these popular methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169608949121","usgsCitation":"Kess, B.L., Steinwand, D., and Reichenbach, S., 1996, Compression of the Global Land 1-km AVHRR dataset: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 17, no. 15, p. 2955-2969, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608949121.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2955","endPage":"2969","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bde4b044b359e486cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kess, B. L.","contributorId":191985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kess","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, D.R.","contributorId":84806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichenbach, S.E.","contributorId":113015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenbach","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188296,"text":"70188296 - 1996 - Isotope hydrology studies in the Szigetköz region, northwest Hungary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T15:58:12","indexId":"70188296","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Isotope hydrology studies in the Szigetköz region, northwest Hungary","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Isotopes in Water Resources Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","usgsCitation":"Deak, J., Deseo, E., Bohlke, J., and Revesz, K., 1996, Isotope hydrology studies in the Szigetköz region, northwest Hungary, 14 p.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"432","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366dafe4b0f6c2d0d7d662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deak, J.","contributorId":63184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deak","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deseo, E.","contributorId":42730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deseo","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohlke, J.K. 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":191103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"J.K.","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revesz, K.","contributorId":95202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187659,"text":"70187659 - 1996 - A digital system for surface reconstruction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T11:14:24","indexId":"70187659","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A digital system for surface reconstruction","docAbstract":"A digital photogrammetric system, STEREO, was developed to determine three dimensional coordinates of points of interest (POIs) defined with a grid on a textureless and smooth-surfaced specimen. Two CCD cameras were set up with unknown orientation and recorded digital images of a reference model and a specimen. Points on the model were selected as control or check points for calibrating or assessing the system. A new algorithm for edge-detection called local maximum convolution (LMC) helped extract the POIs from the stereo image pairs. The system then matched the extracted POIs and used a least squares “bundle” adjustment procedure to solve for the camera orientation parameters and the coordinates of the POIs. An experiment with STEREO found that the standard deviation of the residuals at the check points was approximately 24%, 49% and 56% of the pixel size in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. The average of the absolute values of the residuals at the check points was approximately 19%, 36% and 49% of the pixel size in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively. With the graphical user interface, STEREO demonstrated a high degree of automation and its operation does not require special knowledge of photogrammetry, computers or image processing.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Zhou, W., Brock, R.H., and Hopkins, P.F., 1996, A digital system for surface reconstruction: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 62, no. 6, p. 719-726.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"719","endPage":"726","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bde4b044b359e486ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhou, Weiyang","contributorId":191986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhou","given":"Weiyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, Robert H.","contributorId":191987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, Paul F.","contributorId":191988,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186243,"text":"70186243 - 1996 - Grassland canopy parameters and their relationships to remotely sensed vegetation indices in the Nebraska Sand Hills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:12:47","indexId":"70186243","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grassland canopy parameters and their relationships to remotely sensed vegetation indices in the Nebraska Sand Hills","docAbstract":"Relationships among spectral vegetation indices and grassland biophysical parameters including the effects of varying levels of standing dead vegetation, range sites, and range plant communities were examined. Range plant communities consisting of northern mixed grass prairie and a smooth brome field as well as range sites and management in a Sand Hills bluestem prairie were sampled with a ground radiometer and for LAI, biomass, chlorophy]] and nitrogen amounts. Live above ground (herbaceous and shrub leaf) biomass quadrat estimates in early June, 1994, ranged from a mean value of 35,9 g/m2 in the burned area to 128.0 g/m2 in the mixed grass prairie. Shrubs, when present, had a stronger effect on the ground radiometer NDVI and MSAVI relationships with live biomass than either standing dead vegetation or plant community composition. Predictive relationships for live biomass from ground radiometer spectral data allowed rapid nondestructive estimation of live biomass for eleven 30 m by 30 m plots. Strong (r2 ‐ 0.81 to 0.87) predictive relationships for live biomass and SPOT vegetation indices at the 30 m by 30 m scale were developed and applied to estimate live biomass for entire site areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049609354547","usgsCitation":"Wylie, B.K., DeJong, D.D., Tieszen, L.L., and Biondini, M.E., 1996, Grassland canopy parameters and their relationships to remotely sensed vegetation indices in the Nebraska Sand Hills: Geocarto International, v. 11, no. 3, p. 39-52, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049609354547.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeJong, Donovan D.","contributorId":190266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeJong","given":"Donovan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tieszen, Larry L. tieszen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tieszen","given":"Larry","email":"tieszen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":687985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Biondini, Mario E.","contributorId":190268,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biondini","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186241,"text":"70186241 - 1996 - Estimating the effective spatial resolution of an AVHRR time series","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T11:08:54","indexId":"70186241","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating the effective spatial resolution of an AVHRR time series","docAbstract":"A method is proposed to estimate the spatial degradation of geometrically rectified AVHRR data resulting from misregistration and off-nadir viewing, and to infer the cumulative effect of these degradations over time. Misregistrations are measured using high resolution imagery as a geometric reference, and pixel sizes are computed directly from satellite zenith angles. The influence or neighbouring features on a nominal 1 km by 1 km pixel over a given site is estimated from the above information, and expressed as a spatial distribution whose spatial frequency response is used to define an effective field-of-view (EFOV) for a time series. In a demonstration of the technique applied to images from the Conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set, an EFOV of 3·1km in the east-west dimension and 19 km in the north-south dimension was estimated for a time series accumulated over a grasslands test site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169608949122","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.J., 1996, Estimating the effective spatial resolution of an AVHRR time series: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 17, no. 15, p. 2971-2980, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169608949122.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2971","endPage":"2980","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f8ee4b09da67997ecda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. J.","contributorId":46721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018176,"text":"70018176 - 1996 - Temperature and the seismic/aseismic transition: Observations from the 1992 Landers earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:12","indexId":"70018176","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature and the seismic/aseismic transition: Observations from the 1992 Landers earthquake","docAbstract":"An important constraint on the size and destructive potential of earthquakes is the depth extent of rupture. Laboratory studies of the transition from unstable to stable sliding, along with ob served relationships between surface heat flow and the thickness of the seismogenic crust, provide strong evidence for the significance of temperature in determining the maximum nucleation depth of large earthquakes. The June 28, 1992, Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake ruptured fault segments within 20 km of 11 pre-existing heat flow measurements, and shallowing of the base of aftershock seismicity along strike correlates with an increase in heat flow. Crustal geotherms estimated from these measurements place the base of seismicity along the 250??C isotherm. This temperature is consistent with predictions from laboratory studies of the factional stability of Westerly granite, but estimated temperatures for the seismic-aseismic transition along other faults within the San Andreas fault system are in the range of 350 to 400??C. Variations in country rock and fault gouge composition, together with higher slip rates, may account for this difference, although part of the Landers seismogenic crust might remain unruptured. Copyright 1996 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Williams, C., 1996, Temperature and the seismic/aseismic transition: Observations from the 1992 Landers earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, no. 16, p. 2029-2032.","startPage":"2029","endPage":"2032","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba4bde4b08c986b320550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, C.F. 0000-0003-2196-5496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":20401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":378770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186744,"text":"70186744 - 1996 - Response of common murres to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and long-term changes in the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T13:39:50","indexId":"70186744","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Response of common murres to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and long-term changes in the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem","docAbstract":"Short-term effects of the 1989 TV Exxon Valdez oil spill on seabirds were dramatic and well documented. Seabird populations at sea in the spill zone were immediately depressed, and more than 30,000 dead, oiled seabirds were recovered from beaches within months of the spill. It is estimated that 250,000 seabirds were killed by oil, of which 74% were murres. Based on comparisons of prespill (1970s) and postspill (1989-1994) data, long-term effects on murres attributed to oil pollution included population declines, reduced breeding success, and delayed breeding phenology. Populations remained depressed, but breeding success phenology gradually returned to normal levels by 1993. An alternative hypothesis to explain these long-term effects is that murres were responding to natural events in their marine environment. Flow of the Alaska Coastal Current (ACC) was at an all-time low in 1989, and this may have reduced and delayed biological productivity in the ACC. On a broader time scale, marked changes in marine fish communities have occurred during the past 20 years. Coincident with cyclical fluctuations in seawater temperatures, the abundance of small forage species (e.g., humpy shrimp, capelin, and Pacific sandfish) declined precipitously in the late 1970s while populations of large predatory fish (e.g., walleye pollock, Pacific cod, and flatfish) increased dramatically. Correspondingly, seabird diets shifted from mostly capelin in the 1970s to mostly Pacific sand land and juvenile pollock in the late 1980s. Furthermore, a variety of seabirds and marine mammals both inside and outside of the oil spill zone exhibited signs of food stress (population declines, reduced productivity, die-offs) throughout the 1980s and early 1990s. We conclude that available data are inadequate to distinguish between long-term effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on murres and a natural response of murres to long-term changes in their marine environment.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez oil spill symposium: American Fisheries Society symposium 18","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"The Exxon Valdez oil spill symposium: American Fisheries Society symposium 18","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Anderson, P., 1996, Response of common murres to the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and long-term changes in the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem, in Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez oil spill symposium: American Fisheries Society symposium 18, Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 720-737.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"720","endPage":"737","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a547e4b09da6799d63c1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690431,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Paul","contributorId":190702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187750,"text":"70187750 - 1996 - The Emperor Goose: An annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:58:06","indexId":"70187750","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"The Emperor Goose: An annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"This bibliography contains more than 500 published and unpublished references relevant to the emperor goose (Chen canagica). The referenced works date from the early exploration of Beringia and Alaska through the formal description of the species in 1802 to 1993.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska","issn":"0568-8604","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, R.F., Petersen, M.R., and Schmutz, J.A., 1996, The Emperor Goose: An annotated bibliography, v, 71 p.","productDescription":"v, 71 p.","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341388,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11122/1501"}],"publicComments":"This publication is Number 25 in the series \"Biological Papers of the University of Alaska\"","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf16","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sedinger, James S.","contributorId":84861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sedinger","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695427,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Robert F.","contributorId":172752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6989,"text":"American Museum of Natural History","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018195,"text":"70018195 - 1996 - Nitrogen transport from tallgrass prairie watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:22","indexId":"70018195","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Nitrogen transport from tallgrass prairie watersheds","docAbstract":"Discharge and N content of surface water flowing from four Karat watersheds on Konza Prairie Research Natural Area, Kansas, managed with different burn frequencies, were monitored from 1986 to 1992. The goal was to establish the influence of natural processes (climate, fire, and bison grazing) on N transport and concentration in streams. Streams were characterized by variable flow, under conditions that included an extreme flood and a drought during which all channels were dry for over a year. The estimated groundwater/stream water discharge ratio varied between 0.15 to 6.41. Annual N transport by streams, averaged across all watersheds and years, was 0.16 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Annual N transport per unit area also increased as the watershed area increased and as precipitation increased. Total annual transport of N horn the prairie via streams ranged from 0.01 to 6.0% of the N input from precipitation. Nitrate and total N concentrations in surface water decreased (P < 0.001, r values ranged from 0.140.26) as length of time since last fire increased. Increased watershed area was correlated negatively (P < 0.0001) to stream water concentrations of NO3-N and total N (r values = -0.43 and -0.20, respectively). Low N concentration is typical of these streams, with NH4/+-N concentrations below 1.0 ??g L-1, NO3-N ranging from below 1.4 to 392 ??g L-1, and total N from 3.0 to 714 ??g L-1. These data provide an important baseline for evaluating N transport and stream water quality from unfertilized grasslands.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Quality","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Agronomy Inc","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI, United States","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Dodds, W.K., Blair, J., Henebry, G., Koelliker, J., Ramundo, R., and Tate, C.M., 1996, Nitrogen transport from tallgrass prairie watersheds, in Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 25, no. 5, p. 973-981.","startPage":"973","endPage":"981","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a66f6e4b0c8380cd730dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dodds, W. K.","contributorId":21297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodds","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blair, J.M.","contributorId":65238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henebry, G.M.","contributorId":98055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henebry","given":"G.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koelliker, J.K.","contributorId":49940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koelliker","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramundo, R.","contributorId":63550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramundo","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tate, C. M.","contributorId":97147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018194,"text":"70018194 - 1996 - Disinfection byproduct yields from the chlorination of natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018194","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Disinfection byproduct yields from the chlorination of natural waters","docAbstract":"Yields for the formation of trihalomethane and nonpurgeable total organic-halide disinfection byproducts were determined as a function of pH and initial free-chlorine concentration for the chlorination of water from the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers. Samples were collected at 12 sites on the Mississippi River from Minneapolis, MN, to New Orleans. LA, and on the Missouri and Ohio Rivers 1.6 km above their confluences with the Mississippi during the summer, fall, and spring seasons of the year. Yields varied little with distance along the Mississippi River, although the dissolved organic-carbon concentration decreased considerably with distance downstream. Yields for the Missouri and Ohio were comparable to yields for the Mississippi, despite much higher bromide concentrations for the Missouri and Ohio. Trihalomethane yields increased as the pH and initial free- chlorine concentration increased. Nonpurgeable total organic-halide yields also increased as the initial free-chlorine concentration increased, but decreased as the pH increased.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s002449900127","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., 1996, Disinfection byproduct yields from the chlorination of natural waters: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 31, no. 3, p. 420-425, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900127.","startPage":"420","endPage":"425","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205873,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900127"},{"id":227236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0213e4b0c8380cd4fe86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018193,"text":"70018193 - 1996 - Gas in the Uinta Basin, Utah - Resources in continuous accumulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018193","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas in the Uinta Basin, Utah - Resources in continuous accumulations","docAbstract":"Continuous-type gas plays can be envisioned as large areas within which the reservoir rock is everywhere charged with gas. As part of its 1995 National Assessment of oil and gas resources, the U.S. Geological Survey identified four continuous-type gas plays in the Uinta Basin. These occur in sandstone reservoirs of the lower Tertiary Wasatch Formation (two plays) and the underlying Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group (two plays). Only the play representing the eastern part of the Wasatch Formation continuous accumulation (Natural Buttes area) has been the target of appreciable drilling activity to date. The volume of undiscovered gas estimated to be recoverable from these four plays using existing technology and development practices ranges between 3.7 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) (95th fractile) and 11.9 TCFG (5th fractile), and averages 7.0 TCFG. However, these are geologically based resource estimates, made without direct reference to economic viability. Economic analysis indicates that only a fraction of this assessed resource could be economically found and produced at prices less than $2.00 per thousand cubic feet of gas (MCFG), based on costs that prevailed at the beginning of 1993. Production characteristics of continuous-type gas plays vary significantly from well to well. Difficulty in identifying locations with poor production characteristics in advance of drilling contributes to the unfavorable economics of some plays. The need exists for improvements in technology and geologic understanding that increase the chances of selectively drilling the more productive locations within a continuous-type play.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mountain Geologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0027254X","usgsCitation":"Schmoker, J., Fouch, T.D., and Charpentier, R., 1996, Gas in the Uinta Basin, Utah - Resources in continuous accumulations: Mountain Geologist, v. 33, no. 4, p. 95-104.","startPage":"95","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227235,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14d5e4b0c8380cd54bb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmoker, J. W.","contributorId":69964,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmoker","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fouch, T. D.","contributorId":68333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fouch","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charpentier, Ronald R.","contributorId":33674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charpentier","given":"Ronald R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018191,"text":"70018191 - 1996 - Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:23","indexId":"70018191","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1596,"text":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska","docAbstract":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of Westdahl, Veniaminof, and Novarupta volcanoes in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska were analyzed to investigate recent surface volcanic processes. These studies support ongoing monitoring and research by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) in the North Pacific Ocean Region. Landforms and possible crustal deformation before, during, or after eruptions were detected and analyzed using data from the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS), Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS) and the U. S. Seasat platforms. Field observations collected by scientists from the AVO were used to verify the results from the analysis of SAR data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03796566","usgsCitation":"Dean, K., Engle, K., Lu, Z., Eichelberger, J., Neal, T., and Doukas, M., 1996, Use of SAR data to study active volcanoes in Alaska: European Space Agency, (Special Publication) ESA SP, no. 391, p. 153-154.","startPage":"153","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"391","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbe87e4b08c986b329631","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, K.G.","contributorId":64402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engle, K.","contributorId":10176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lu, Z.","contributorId":106241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eichelberger, J.","contributorId":107442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eichelberger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neal, T.","contributorId":24112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doukas, M.","contributorId":68900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doukas","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018182,"text":"70018182 - 1996 - Pesticides and pesticide degradation products in stormwater runoff: Sacramento River Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T16:34:13","indexId":"70018182","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticides and pesticide degradation products in stormwater runoff: Sacramento River Basin, California","docAbstract":"Pesticides in stormwater runoff, within the Sacramento River Basin, California, were assessed during a storm that occurred in January 1994. Two organophosphate insecticides (diazinon and methidathion), two carbamate pesticides (molinate and carbofuran), and one triazine herbicide (simazine) were detected. Organophosphate pesticide concentrations increased with the rising stage of the hydrographs; peak concentrations were measured near peak discharge. Diazinon oxon, a toxic degradation product of diazinon, made up approximately 1 to 3 percent of the diazinon load. The Feather River was the principal source of organophosphate pesticides to the Sacramento River during this storm. The concentrations of molinate and carbofuran, pesticides applied to rice fields during May and June, were relatively constant during and after the storm. Their presence in surface water was attributed to the flooding and subsequent drainage, as a management practice to degrade rice stubble prior to the next planting. A photodegradation product of molinate, 4-keto molinate, was in all samples where molinate was detected and made up approximately 50 percent of the total molinate load. Simazine, a herbicide used in orchards and to control weeds along the roadways, was detected in the storm runoff, but it was not possible to differentiate the two sources of that pesticide to the Sacramento River.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA, United States","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04065.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., 1996, Pesticides and pesticide degradation products in stormwater runoff: Sacramento River Basin, California: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 32, no. 5, p. 953-964, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04065.x.","startPage":"953","endPage":"964","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267670,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb04065.x"}],"volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a772de4b0c8380cd7843e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181182,"text":"70181182 - 1996 - Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: Cross-species amplification and population genetic applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T11:28:48","indexId":"70181182","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: Cross-species amplification and population genetic applications","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f95-254","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Gust, J.R., and Fields, R.L., 1996, Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite loci: Cross-species amplification and population genetic applications: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 53, no. 4, p. 833-841, https://doi.org/10.1139/f95-254.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"833","endPage":"841","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a18226e4b0c825128564b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":664413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gust, Judy R.","contributorId":62458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gust","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":664414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Raymond L.","contributorId":182354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":664415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018115,"text":"70018115 - 1996 - Middle Proterozoic age for the Montpelier Anorthosite, Goochland terrane, eastern Piedmont, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-23T15:02:55.895239","indexId":"70018115","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle Proterozoic age for the Montpelier Anorthosite, Goochland terrane, eastern Piedmont, Virginia","docAbstract":"Uranium-lead dating of zircons from the Montpelier Anorthosite confirms previous interpretations, based on equivocal evidence, that the Goochland terrane in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia contains Grenvillian basement rocks of Middle Proterozoic age. A very few prismatic, elongate, euhedral zircons, which contain 12–29 ppm uranium, are interpreted to be igneous in origin. The vast majority of zircons are more equant, subangular to anhedral, contain 38–52 ppm uranium, and are interpreted to be metamorphic in origin. One fraction of elongate zircon, and four fragments of a very large zircon (occurring in a nelsonite segregation) yield an upper intercept age of 1045 ± 10 Ma, interpreted as the time of anorthosite crystallization. Irregularly shaped metamorphic zircons are dated at 1011 ± 2 Ma (weighted average of the 207Pb/206Pb ages). The U-Pb isotopic systematics of metamorphic titanite were reset during the Alleghanian orogeny at 297 ± 5 Ma. These data provide a minimum age for gneisses of the Goochland terrane that are intruded by the anorthosite. Middle Proterozoic basement rocks of the Goochland terrane may be correlative with those in the Shenandoah massif of the Blue Ridge tectonic province, as suggested by similarities between the Montpelier Anorthosite and the Roseland anorthosite. Although the areal extent of Middle Proterozoic basement and basement-cover relations in the eastern Piedmont remain unresolved, results of this investigation indicate that the Goochland terrane is an internal massif of Laurentian crust rather than an exotic accreted terrane.
After the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, we studied pigeon guillemots Cepphus columba breeding just 30 km from the grounding site. The postspill population was 43% smaller than the prespill population, but we could not attribute the entire decline to the spill because a decline in this guillemot population may have predated the spill. However, relative declines in the population were greater along oiled shorelines, suggesting that the spill was responsible for some of the decline. Reproduction appeared largely unaffected, but the cryptic nature of guillemot nests undoubtedly reduced our ability to detect failed nests. Nesting success was lower, but the apparent cause-greater losses of chicks to predators-was not obviously related to the spill. Fledging weight and growth rates of chicks and the rate at which adults delivered food to their chicks were not lower after the spill. The most likely explanation for the few effects observed is that oil was present on the surface waters of the study area for a relatively short period before the guillemots returned to begin their annual reproductive activities.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\"","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium","conferenceDate":"February 2-5, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Oakley, K.L., and Kuletz, K.J., 1996, Population, reproduction, and foraging of pigeon guillemots at Naked Island, Alaska, before and after the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, in American Fisheries Society Symposium 18: Proceedings of the \"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium\", Anchorage, AK, February 2-5, 1993, p. 759-769.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"759","endPage":"769","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338594,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/afs-symposia/x54018xm/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Naked Island, Prince William Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147.66311645507812,\n 60.51066727194594\n ],\n [\n -147.24975585937497,\n 60.51066727194594\n ],\n [\n -147.24975585937497,\n 60.755805188865246\n ],\n [\n -147.66311645507812,\n 60.755805188865246\n ],\n [\n -147.66311645507812,\n 60.51066727194594\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc804e4b02ff32c6856e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rice, S.D.","contributorId":87500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"S.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spies, R.B.","contributorId":16946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spies","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686870,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolfe, D.A.","contributorId":113989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686871,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, B.A.","contributorId":33875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686872,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuletz, Kathy J.","contributorId":24669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuletz","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001159,"text":"1001159 - 1996 - Survival of radiomarked canvasback ducklings in northwestern Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T13:36:22","indexId":"1001159","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of radiomarked canvasback ducklings in northwestern Minnesota","docAbstract":"Duckling survival, an important factor affecting annual recruitment, has not been determined adequately for canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria). We investigated the magnitude, timing, and causes of mortality of canvasback ducklings from hatch to fledging at the Agassiz National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern Minnesota during 1987-90. During the 4 years, 217 day-old ducklings were radiomarked and released in 52 broods. Another 141 ducklings were radiomarked at 4 weeks of age. Survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier nonparametric estimator and the Weibull parametric model. Most mortalities occurred within 10 days after hatch. Total brood loss occurred in 18 (35%) of 52 broods released. The primary sources of mortality were predation, principally by mink (Mustela vison), and exposure to precipitation and cold temperature. For combined years, females had lower survival than males (P = 0.03). If the disparate survival between sexes of canvasbacks observed in this study is representative of canvasbacks in their breeding range, this phenomenon contributes to reduced reproductive potential and the male-biased sex ratio of the species.
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Three species of birds, phainopepla, Gila woodpecker, and northern mockingbird, fed on desert mistletoe at my study site. The specialist, phainopepla, was the most abundant and the most likely to perch in host species, where defecated seeds had a greater probability of lodging in a site suitable for establishment. Gila woodpeckers, although abundant, spent little time in host plants, thus dooming most of the seeds they consumed. Mockingbirds may disperse a small number of seeds, but were abundant enough to consume only a small portion of the available fruits. As expected for plants attracting specialist frugivores, mistletoes produced fruits throughout the 6-month season in which phainopeplas reside in the Sonoran desert. Contrary to expectation, numbers of fruits produced far exceeded the amount that could be consumed by the frugivores at my study site. Fruit crop size was positively related to absolute fruit removal, but not to proportional removal at the scale of the entire study site. However, crop size was positively related to proportional removal within the neighborhood of mistletoes occupying an individual host tree. Frugivores were attracted to infected hosts, host attractiveness increased, although proportional removal of fruit declined, with number of female mistletoes. The observed dispersal ecology of desert mistletoe suggests the likelihood of increasingly clumped distributions of mistletoe plants, as more and more seeds are deposited on previously infected hosts, and increased density of mistletoes attract ever more visits by birds. I observed no decline in vigor, in terms of fruit production, within the levels of infestation at my study site. The seed dispersal strategy of desert mistletoe thus includes aspects of that expected both for plants dependent on specialists and those dependent on generalists. Fruits are available through the entire season to maintain the specialist. Production far exceeds that expected, but serves to attract the specialist within a neighborhood of vigorously fruiting conspecifics.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3545753","usgsCitation":"Larson, D., 1996, Seed dispersal by specialist versus generalist foragers: The plant's perspective: Oikos, v. 76, p. 113-120, https://doi.org/10.2307/3545753.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"120","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, D.L. 0000-0001-5202-0634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":69501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001156,"text":"1001156 - 1996 - Effects of grazing and burning on densities and habitats of breeding ducks in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T11:51:04","indexId":"1001156","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of grazing and burning on densities and habitats of breeding ducks in North Dakota","docAbstract":"Native grassland communities controlled by public agencies become increasingly important to the maintenance of many wildlife species as privately owned grasslands are destroyed or degraded for farming, mining, and development. In turn, wildlife on publicly owned grasslands are affected by the management techniques practiced by local managers. We studied the effects of grazing and prescribed burning on upland-nesting ducks and the structure and type of vegetation from 1980 to 1988 at the Lostwood National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) in northwestern North Dakota. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), the most abundant species at Lostwood NWR, had lower (P < 0.05) annual nest densities on experimental and control fields in the later years than in the early years of the study. Spring burning reduced (P = 0.016) nest densities of gadwall (A. strepera). Spring grazing reduced nest densities of gadwall (P = 0.014), and blue-winged teal (A. discors, P = 0.023). Nest density of gadwall increased (P = 0.018) after spring grazing was terminated. On the summer burn/spring graze fields, blue-winged teal had lower (P = 0.010) nest densities after treatments (1987-88) than before treatments (1980-81). Nest success was high (mallard 34%, gadwall 45%, blue-winged teal 31%) but was not influenced (P 0.16) by the burning and grazing treatments. During the study, the amount of grass/brush increased, whereas the amount of brush and brush/grass decreased on control and treatment fields. During the years with burning and grazing, short vegetation increased and tall vegetation decreased. On the spring graze fields, 1 year after grazing ended the vegetation was similar to that on the control fields. The spring burn and summer burn/spring graze fields recovered more slowly. Brushy species such as western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis) provided attractive nesting habitat for many upland-nesting waterfowl species, especially mallard, gadwall, American wigeon (A. americana), and northern pintail (A. acuta). Habitat needs of additional species of wildlife that depend on grasslands may need to be considered when deciding how to manage habitat.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3802221","usgsCitation":"Kruse, A.D., and Bowen, B.S., 1996, Effects of grazing and burning on densities and habitats of breeding ducks in North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 60, no. 2, p. 233-246, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802221.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133751,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db615341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kruse, Arnold D.","contributorId":59381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Arnold","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Bonnie S.","contributorId":174569,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowen","given":"Bonnie","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208474,"text":"70208474 - 1996 - Wetlands, global climate change, and remote sensing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-17T12:43:58","indexId":"70208474","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-31T11:21:55","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Wetlands, global climate change, and remote sensing","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Elements of change 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Changes in Global Vegetative Patterns and Their Relationship to Human Activity","conferenceDate":"Jul 9-22, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Aspen, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Aspen Global Change Institute","usgsCitation":"Ramsey III, E., 1996, Wetlands, global climate change, and remote sensing, in Elements of change 1995, Aspen, CO, Jul 9-22, 1995, p. 87-90.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Big Bend area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.25621032714844,\n 30.047104716304794\n ],\n [\n -83.88885498046875,\n 30.047104716304794\n ],\n [\n -83.88885498046875,\n 30.168281921431173\n ],\n [\n -84.25621032714844,\n 30.168281921431173\n ],\n [\n -84.25621032714844,\n 30.047104716304794\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey III, Elijah 0000-0002-4518-5796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":204796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey III","given":"Elijah","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70134316,"text":"70134316 - 1996 - U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T16:55:17","indexId":"70134316","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the United States seafloor: the view from GLORIA","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","usgsCitation":"Robb, J.M., Dillon, W.P., O'Leary, D., and Popenoe, P., 1996, U.S. East Coast EEZ: Part II, chap. of Geology of the United States seafloor: the view from GLORIA, p. 43-46.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296297,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"East Coast","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5475a844e4b0825061420525","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gardner, James V.","contributorId":61769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, Michael E. mfield@usgs.gov","contributorId":2101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Michael","email":"mfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525877,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525878,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Robb, James M.","contributorId":73272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O'Leary, Dennis W.","contributorId":66793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Leary","given":"Dennis W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Popenoe, Peter","contributorId":62206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4847,"text":"ds30 - 1996 - 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":4859,"text":"ds30_1995 - 1995 - 1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30_1995","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National assessment of United States oil and gas resources; results, methodology, and supporting data"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4847,"text":"ds30 - 1996 - 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","indexId":"ds30","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"title":"1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T14:09:41.266019","indexId":"ds30","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"30","title":"1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data","docAbstract":"This revised CD-ROM summarizes the results, released in 1995, of the 3-year study of the oil and gas resources of the onshore and state waters of the United States. Minor errors in the original DDS-30 (listed in DDS-35 and DDS-36) are corrected in this revised version and in the data files now released in DDS-35 and DDS-36. Estimates are made of technically recoverable oil, including measured (proved) reserves, future additions to reserves in existing fields, and undiscovered resources. Estimates are also made of the technically recoverable conventional resources of natural gas in measured reserves, in anticipated growth of reserves in existing fields, and in undiscovered resources. Additionally, an assessment is made of recoverable resources in continuous-type (largely unconventional) accumulations in sandstones, shales, chalks, and coal beds.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds30","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., Dolton, G., Takahashi, K., and Varnes, K., 1996, 1995 National Assessment of United States oil and gas resources: Results, methodology, and supporting data (Release 2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 30, HTML Document: CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds30.","productDescription":"HTML Document: CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438913,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OQPLOY","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment Province 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