{"pageNumber":"382","pageRowStart":"9525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16506,"records":[{"id":4465,"text":"cir1161 - 1998 - Water quality in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-04T18:34:15","indexId":"cir1161","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1161","title":"Water quality in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1991-95","docAbstract":"This report is intended to summarize major findings that emerged between 1991 and 1995 from the water-quality assessment of the Willamette Basin Study Unit and to relate these findings to water-quality issues of regional and national concern. The information is primarily intended for those who are involved in water-resource management. Yet, the information contained here may also interest those who simply wish to know more about the quality of water in the rivers and aquifers in the area where they live.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1161","isbn":"0607892315 (pbk.)","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D.A., Bonn, B.A., Carpenter, K., Hinkle, S.R., Janet, M.L., Rinella, F., Uhrich, M.A., Waite, I.R., Laenen, A., and Bencala, K.E., 1998, Water quality in the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1161, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1161.","productDescription":"34 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1161.jpg"},{"id":498,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124,\n              43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75,\n              43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.75,\n              45.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              45.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              43.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonn, Bernadine A.","contributorId":105707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonn","given":"Bernadine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Janet, Mary L.","contributorId":42584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janet","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Uhrich, Mark A. 0000-0002-5202-8086 mauhrich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-8086","contributorId":1149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Uhrich","given":"Mark","email":"mauhrich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Waite, Ian R. 0000-0003-1681-6955 iwaite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1681-6955","contributorId":616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waite","given":"Ian","email":"iwaite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5208,"text":"fs04698 - 1998 - A reconnaissance for sulfonylurea herbicides in waters of the Midwestern USA: An example of collaboration between the public and private sectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T15:01:14","indexId":"fs04698","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"046-98","title":"A reconnaissance for sulfonylurea herbicides in waters of the Midwestern USA: An example of collaboration between the public and private sectors","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs04698","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Furlong, E.T., and Peter, C.J., 1998, A reconnaissance for sulfonylurea herbicides in waters of the Midwestern USA: An example of collaboration between the public and private sectors: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 046-98, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04698.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118335,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_046_98.bmp"},{"id":368184,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-046-98/fs-046-98.pdf"},{"id":662,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-046-98","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, 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Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peter, Carl John","contributorId":63797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peter","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29474,"text":"wri984203 - 1998 - Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) in ground water in the Idaho part of the upper Snake River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T21:00:46.613066","indexId":"wri984203","displayToPublicDate":"2000-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4203","displayTitle":"Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate (NO<sub>2</sub>+NO<sub>3</sub>-N) in ground water in the Idaho part of the upper Snake River basin","title":"Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) in ground water in the Idaho part of the upper Snake River basin","docAbstract":"Draft Federal regulations may require that each State develop a State Pesticide Management Plan for the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, cyanazine, metolachlor, and simazine. This study developed maps that the Idaho State Department of Agriculture might use to predict the probability of detecting atrazine and desethyl-atrazine (a breakdown product of atrazine) in ground water in the Idaho part of the upper Snake River Basin. These maps can be incorporated in the State Pesticide Management Plan and help provide a sound hydrogeologic basis for atrazine management in the study area. Maps showing the probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine in ground water were developed as follows: (1) Ground-water monitoring data were overlaid with hydrogeologic and anthropogenic data using a geographic information system to produce a data set in which each well had corresponding data on atrazine use, depth to ground water, geology, land use, precipitation, soils, and well depth. These data then were downloaded to a statistical software package for analysis by logistic regression. (2) Individual (univariate) relations between atrazine/desethyl-atrazine in ground water and atrazine use, depth to ground water, geology, land use, precipitation, soils, and well depth data were evaluated to identify those independent variables significantly related to atrazine/ desethyl-atrazine detections. (3) Several preliminary multivariate models with various combinations of independent variables were constructed. (4) The multivariate models which best predicted the presence of atrazine/desethyl-atrazine in ground water were selected. (5) The multivariate models were entered into the geographic information system and the probability maps were constructed. Two models which best predicted the presence of atrazine/desethyl-atrazine in ground water were selected; one with and one without atrazine use. Correlations of the predicted probabilities of atrazine/desethyl-atrazine in ground water with the percent of actual detections were good; r-squared values were 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. Models were verified using a second set of groundwater quality data. Verification showed that wells with water containing atrazine/desethyl-atrazine had significantly higher probability ratings than wells with water containing no atrazine/desethylatrazine (p <0.002). Logistic regression also was used to develop a preliminary model to predict the probability of nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations greater than background levels of 2 milligrams per liter. A direct comparison between the atrazine/ desethyl-atrazine and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen probability maps was possible because the same ground-water monitoring, hydrogeologic, and anthropogenic data were used to develop both maps. Land use, precipitation, soil hydrologic group, and well depth were significantly related with atrazine/desethyl-atrazine detections. Depth to water, land use, and soil drainage were signifi- cantly related with elevated nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations. The differences between atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen relations were attributed to differences in chemical behavior of these compounds in the environment and possibly to differences in the extent of use and rates of their application.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri984203","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Idaho State Department of Agriculture","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., 1998, Probability of detecting atrazine/desethyl-atrazine and elevated concentrations of nitrate (NO2+NO3-N) in ground water in the Idaho part of the upper Snake River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4203, Report: v, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 x 25.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984203.","productDescription":"Report: v, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 30.00 x 25.00 inches","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410063,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49288.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":262341,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4203/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262342,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":262343,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4203/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.3333,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3333,\n              44.6917\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0483,\n              44.6917\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0483,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.3333,\n              42\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6556b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31072,"text":"wsp2370H - 1998 - Evaluation of the hydrologic system and selected water-management alternatives in the Owens Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-23T19:23:03.677042","indexId":"wsp2370H","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2370","chapter":"H","displayTitle":"Evaluation of the Hydrologic System and Selected Water-Management Alternatives in the Owens Valley, California","title":"Evaluation of the hydrologic system and selected water-management alternatives in the Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Owens Valley, a long, narrow valley along the east side of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California, is the main source of water for the city of Los Angeles. The city diverts most of the surface water in the valley into the Owens River-Los Angeles Aqueduct system, which transports the water more than 200 miles south to areas of distribution and use. Additionally, ground water is pumped or flows from wells to supplement the surface-water diversions to the river- aqueduct system. Pumpage from wells needed to supplement water export has increased since 1970, when a second aqueduct was put into service, and local residents have expressed concerns that the increased pumping may have a detrimental effect on the environment and the native vegetation (indigenous alkaline scrub and meadow plant communities) in the valley. Native vegetation on the valley floor depends on soil moisture derived from precipitation and from the unconfined part of a multilayered ground-water system. This report, which describes the evaluation of the hydrologic system and selected water-management alternatives, is one in a series designed to identify the effects that ground-water pumping has on native vegetation and evaluate alternative strategies to mitigate any adverse effects caused by pumping.</p><p>The hydrologic system of the Owens Valley can be conceptualized as having three parts: (1) an unsaturated zone affected by precipitation and evapotranspiration; (2) a surface-water system composed of the Owens River, the Los Angeles Aqueduct, tributary streams, canals, ditches, and ponds; and (3) a saturated ground-water system contained in the valley fill.</p><p>Analysis of the hydrologic system was aided by development of a ground-water flow model of the \"aquifer system,\" which is defined as the most active part of the ground-water system and which includes nearly all of the Owens Valley except for the area surrounding the Owens Lake. The model was calibrated and verified for water years 1963-88 and used to evaluate general concepts of the hydrologic system and the effects of past water-management practices. The model also was used to evaluate the likely effects of selected water-management alternatives designed to lessen the adverse effects of ground-water pumping on native vegetation.</p><p>Results of the model simulations confirm that a major change in the hydrologic system was caused by the additional export of water from the valley beginning in 1970. Average ground-water pumpage increased by a factor of five, discharge from springs decreased almost to zero, reaches of the Owens River that previously had gained water from the aquifer system began losing water, and total evapotranspiration by native plants decreased by about 35 percent.</p><p>Water-management practices as of 1988 were defined and evaluated using the model. Simulation results indicate that increased ground-water pumpage since 1985 for enhancement and mitigation projects within the Owens Valley has further stressed the aquifer system and resulted in declines of the water table and reduced evapotranspiration. Most of the water-table declines are beneath the western alluvial fans and in the immediate vicinity of production wells. The water-table altitude beneath the valley floor has remained relatively constant over time because of hydrologic buffers, such as evapotranspiration, springs, and permanent surface-water features. These buffers adjust the quantity of water exchanged with the aquifer system and effectively minimize variations in water-table altitude. The widespread presence of hydrologic buffers is the primary reason the water-table altitude beneath the valley floor has remained relatively constant since 1970 despite major changes in the type and location of ground-water discharge.</p><p>Evaluation of selected water-management alternatives indicates that long-term variations in average runoff to the Owens Valley of as much as 10 percent will not have a significant effect on the water-table altitude. However, reductions in pumpage to an average annual value of about 75,000 acre-ft/yr are needed to maintain the water table at the same altitude as observed during water year 1984. A 9-year transient simulation of dry, average, and wet conditions indicates that the aquifer system takes several years to recover from increased pumping during a drought, even when followed by average and above-average runoff and recharge. Increasing recharge from selected tributary streams by additional diversion of high flows onto the alluvial fans, increasing artificial recharge near well fields, and allocating more pumpage to the Bishop area may be useful in mitigating the adverse effects on native vegetation caused by drought and short-term increases in pumpage.</p><p>Analysis of the optimal use of the existing well fields to minimize drawdown of the water table indicates no significant lessening of adverse effects on native vegetation at any of the well fields at the end of a 1-year simulation. Some improvement might result from pumping from a few high-capacity wells in a small area, such as the Thibaut-Sawmill well field; pumping from the upper elevations of alluvial fans, such as the Bishop well field; or pumping in an area surrounded by irrigated lands, such as the Big Pine well field. Use of these water-management techniques would provide some flexibility in management from one year to another, but would not solve the basic problem that increased ground-water pumpage causes decreases in evapotranspiration and in the biomass of native vegetation. Furthermore, the highly transmissive and narrow aquifer system will transmit the effects of pumping to other more sensitive areas of the valley within a couple of years.</p><p>Other possible changes in water management that might be useful in minimizing the short-term effects of pumping on native vegetation include sealing well perforations in the unconfined part of the aquifer system; rotating pumpage among well fields; continuing or renewing use of unlined surface-water features such as canals and ditches; developing recharge and extraction facilities in deeper volcanic deposits near Big Pine or in alluvial fan deposits along the east side of the valley; installing additional wells along the west side of the Owens Lake; and conjunctively using other ground-water basins between the Owens Valley and Los Angeles to store exported water for subsequent extraction and use during droughts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wsp2370H","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Inyo County and the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power","usgsCitation":"Danskin, W.R., 1998, Evaluation of the hydrologic system and selected water-management alternatives in the Owens Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2370-H, 175 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2370H.","productDescription":"175 p., 6 plates in pocket","numberOfPages":"175","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":462155,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370h/wsp2370h_plates1-3.pdf","text":"Plates 1 to 3","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59631,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370h/wsp2370h.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370h/covrthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p>District Chief<br><a data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\" href=\"https://usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>Placer Hall, Suite 2012<br>6000 J Street<br>Sacramento, CA 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Hydrologic System</li><li>Evaluation of Selected Water-Management Alternatives</li><li>Need for Further Studies</li><li>Summary and Conclusions</li><li>Selected References</li></ul>","publishedDate":"1998-09-17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa26b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":204836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4447,"text":"cir1144 - 1998 - Water quality in the central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1992-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"cir1144","displayToPublicDate":"2000-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1144","title":"Water quality in the central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1992-95","docAbstract":"Water quality in the Central Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington and western Idaho has been adversely affected by agriculture, especially in irrigated areas, according to the results of a five-year investigation by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS). Some improvements, however, are noticeable, such as less sediment being washed into streams. These improvements may be the result of increased use of best management practices (BMPs) by area farmers.  Areas with intensive fertilizer use and irrigation, such as in the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project (CBIP), showed the greatest impacts on ground-water quality. (The CBIP includes parts of Franklin, Grant, and Adams counties in eastern Washington.)  <Shallow wells, generally those less than 150 feet deep, are the most susceptible to contamination, the USGS report says. A reassuring aspect of this finding, however, is that many public water supplies draw from wells at greater depths and are less susceptible to contamination from agricultural practices.  From the standpoint of human health, we were most concerned about checking for nitrate and pesticides in drinking water,' said Sandy Williamson, USGS hydrologist and chief of the study. 'We found nitrate levels exceeding the maximum contaminant level in about 20 percent of all wells.' (A maximum contaminant level-or MCL-is a drinking water regulatory standard that is set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.)  'The story on pesticides is a mixed bag,' Williamson said. 'We found at least one pesticide in nearly half of the drinking water wells sampled, but pesticide levels were only a very small fraction of their MCLs.' As a cautionary note, however, Williamson said that about half of the pesticides detected in Central Columbia Plateau wells do not have MCLs established.  A lack of information makes it difficult to assess the significance of finding pesticides in drinking water. 'As scientists, we don't know enough yet about what happens when these pesticides are combined,' he said. 'In some of the very shallow wells that the USGS installed for monitoring purposes, we found up to seven different pesticides.'  Encouraging news is that none of the newer pesticides, which break down more rapidly in the environment, were found at concentrations exceeding MCLs. Compounds that exceed drinking water standards were found in only 1 percent of the wells sampled-and those compounds have not been sold as pesticides since the mid-1980s.  However, agricultural impacts on water quality go beyond the concerns for drinking water-the aquatic ecosystem of the plateau also has been significantly affected. 'Very little surface water is used for drinking water in this area, but fish are harmed by decreased stream-water quality,' said Mark Munn, the biologist for the USGS study. 'Pesticides and habitat degradation are the main concerns.' He noted that stream sampling by the USGS showed seven currently used pesticides at concentrations above the limits recommended for protecting aquatic life.  Soil erosion, a long-term problem for farmers in the Palouse River Basin, transports some soil to streams, degrading habitat and carrying with it older pesticides and their breakdown products. A breakdown product of the banned insecticide DDT was found in both streambed sediment and bottom fish at concentrations exceeding guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.  'Another problem for fish habitat is excessive plant growth caused by high levels of nutrients in streams,' said Munn, who explained that these nutrients enter streams in runoff from agricultural fields and discharge from urban wastewater treatment plants.  Some agricultural practices, such as allowing cattle to graze near streams, are associated with higher rates of erosion. However, increased use of BMPs may improve water quality of the plateau. The USGS study showed that use of sprinkler or drip rather than furrow irrigation has decreased soil erosion in the CBIP area. In the Palouse, erosion","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir1144","isbn":"0607891165 ","usgsCitation":"Williamson, A.K., Munn, M.D., Ryker, S.J., Wagner, R.J., Ebbert, J.C., and Vanderpool, A.M., 1998, Water quality in the central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1144, 35 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1144.","productDescription":"35 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1144.jpg"},{"id":454,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, Alex K.","contributorId":36543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munn, Mark D. 0000-0002-7154-7252 mdmunn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-7252","contributorId":976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munn","given":"Mark","email":"mdmunn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ryker, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1004-5611 sryker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-5611","contributorId":4100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"Sarah","email":"sryker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ebbert, James C.","contributorId":73990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vanderpool, Ann M.","contributorId":103269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderpool","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":38257,"text":"pp1416A - 1998 - Summary of hydrology of the regional aquifer systems, Gulf Coastal Plain, south-central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-06T21:05:51.227216","indexId":"pp1416A","displayToPublicDate":"1999-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1416","chapter":"A","title":"Summary of hydrology of the regional aquifer systems, Gulf Coastal Plain, south-central United States","docAbstract":"There is potential for further development of ground-water supplies in the Gulf Coastal Plain because of the abundance of water in streams, lakes, and swamps and the generally good hydraulic connection between the water table and underlying water-yielding units. The most favorable conditions for further development of ground-water supplies are generally in the upper permeable zones and aquifers, and the potential for development typically increases from west to east.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis--Gulf Coastal Plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1416A","usgsCitation":"Grubb, H.F., 1998, Summary of hydrology of the regional aquifer systems, Gulf Coastal Plain, south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1416, vii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1416A.","productDescription":"vii, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":408060,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13144.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":64634,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1416a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1416a/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -87,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -87,\n              37.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              37.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -100,\n              26\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubb, H. F.","contributorId":16863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":21703,"text":"ofr98510 - 1998 - Crosswell seismic tomography at the USGS fractured rock research site data collection, data processing, and tomograms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-08T14:43:00","indexId":"ofr98510","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-510","title":"Crosswell seismic tomography at the USGS fractured rock research site data collection, data processing, and tomograms","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr98510","issn":"0566-8174","isbn":"0607909293","usgsCitation":"Ellefson, K., Kibler, J.E., Hsieh, P.A., and Shapiro, A., 1998, Crosswell seismic tomography at the USGS fractured rock research site data collection, data processing, and tomograms: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-510, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98510.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152943,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680908","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellefson, K.J.","contributorId":82727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefson","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, J. E.","contributorId":49358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":185326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":22581,"text":"ofr98627 - 1998 - Summary statistics and graphical comparisons of historical hydrologic and water-quality data, Seco Creek Watershed, South-Central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T13:36:22","indexId":"ofr98627","displayToPublicDate":"1999-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-627","title":"Summary statistics and graphical comparisons of historical hydrologic and water-quality data, Seco Creek Watershed, South-Central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey collected hydrologic (rainfall, streamflow, and reservoir content) and water-quality data in the Seco Creek watershed, south-central Texas. Most of the data from 15 sites were collected as part of a study in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board to evaluate the effects of agricultural best-management practices on surface- and ground-water quantity and quality in the 255-square-mile watershed. Nearly 400 best-management practices at 58 sites were implemented by landowners in the watershed during March 1990-September 1995. </p><p>Most of the data are from the early 1990s, the period during and after implementation of best-management practices. Data from five sites include water quality and are summarized in tables and graphics in the text; and data from all 15 sites are summarized on a diskette. </p><p>Maximum annual rainfall among the sites for which data are presented in the text (excluding one site) for the during-and-after-implementation period (March 1990-September 1995) was 53.27 inches in water year 1992. Maximum annual total streamflow among the sites for the period was 63,400 acre-feet, also in water year 1992. At the one site with water-quality data (under base-flow conditions) for both the before-implementation period and the during-and-after implementation period of best-management practices, percentiles (5, 25, 50, 75, 95) for specific conductance, nitrate concentration, and fecal coliform density were less for the during-and-after-implementation period than for the before-implementation period.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/ofr98627","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board","usgsCitation":"Brown, D., Slattery, R.N., and Gilhousen, J.R., 1998, Summary statistics and graphical comparisons of historical hydrologic and water-quality data, Seco Creek Watershed, South-Central Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-627, iv, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98627.","productDescription":"iv, 37 p.","temporalStart":"1990-03-01","temporalEnd":"1995-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":8917,"rank":99,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/ofr98-627/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":327684,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr98627.JPG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Seco Creek Watershed","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697951","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, David W.","contributorId":89922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slattery, Richard N. 0000-0002-9141-9776 rnslatte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9776","contributorId":2471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slattery","given":"Richard","email":"rnslatte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":188510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilhousen, Jon R.","contributorId":31016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilhousen","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24058,"text":"ofr98265 - 1998 - Hydrologic data for the Presumpscot River Basin, Cumberland and Oxford Counties, Maine, 1995 to 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr98265","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-265","title":"Hydrologic data for the Presumpscot River Basin, Cumberland and Oxford Counties, Maine, 1995 to 1996","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr98265","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.J., and Silverman, P., 1998, Hydrologic data for the Presumpscot River Basin, Cumberland and Oxford Counties, Maine, 1995 to 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-265, iv, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98265.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157145,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0265/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53232,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0265/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db6082b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Wallace J.","contributorId":81106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silverman, P.N.","contributorId":83160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silverman","given":"P.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22871,"text":"ofr98790 - 1998 - Mineralogical characteristics and acid-neutralizing potential of drill core samples from eight sites considered for metal-mine related waste repositories in northern Jefferson, Powell, and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T18:54:33.324042","indexId":"ofr98790","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-790","title":"Mineralogical characteristics and acid-neutralizing potential of drill core samples from eight sites considered for metal-mine related waste repositories in northern Jefferson, Powell, and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract 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A.","contributorId":34527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda","contributorId":96716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":23522,"text":"ofr98559 - 1998 - Evaluation of chemical data from selected sites in the Surface-Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) in Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:06","indexId":"ofr98559","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-559","title":"Evaluation of chemical data from selected sites in the Surface-Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) in Florida","docAbstract":"A cooperative study between the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) and the U.S. Geological Survey was conducted to assess the integrity of selected water-quality data collected at 150 sites in the FDEP Surface-Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) in Florida. The assessment included determining the consistency of the water-quality data collected statewide, including commonality of monitoring procedures and analytes, screening of the gross validity of a chemical analysis, and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures. Four tests were used to screen data at selected SWAMP sites to estimate the gross validity of selected chemical data: (1) the ratio of dissolved solids (in milligrams per liter) to specific conductance (in microsiemens per centimeter); (2) the ratio of total cations (in milliequivalents per liter) multiplied by 100 to specific conductance (in microsiemens per centimeter); (3) the ratio of total anions (in milliequivalents per liter) multiplied by 100 to specific conductance (in microsiemens per centimeter); and (4) the ionic charge-balance error. Although the results of the four screening tests indicate that the chemical data generally are quite reliable, the extremely small number of samples (less than 5 percent of the total number of samples) with sufficient chemical information to run the tests may not provide a representative indication of the analytical accuracy of all laboratories in the program. In addition to the four screening tests, unusually low or high values were flagged for field and laboratory pH (less than 4.0 and greater than 9.0) and specific conductance (less than 10 and greater than 10,000 microsiemens per centimeter). The numbers of flagged data were less than 1 percent of the 19,937 water samples with pH values and less than 0.6 percent of the 16,553 water samples with specific conductance values. \rThirty-four agencies responded to a detailed questionnaire that was sent to more than 60 agencies involved in the collection and analysis of surface-water-quality data for SWAMP. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate quality assurance methods and consistency of methods statewide. Information was compiled and summarized on monitoring network design, data review and upload procedures, laboratory and field sampling methods, and data practices. Currently, most agencies that responded to the survey follow FDEP-approved QA/QC protocol for sampling and have quality assurance practices for recording and reporting data. Also, most agencies responded that calibration procedures were followed in the laboratory for analysis of data, but no responses were given about the specific procedures. Approximately 50 percent of the respondents indicated that laboratory analysis methods have changed over time. With so many laboratories involved in analyzing samples for SWAMP, it is difficult to compare water quality from one site to another due to different reporting conventions for chemical constituents and different analytical methods over time. Most agencies responded that calibration methods are followed in the field, but no specific details were provided. Grab samples are the most common method of collection. \rOther data screening procedures are necessary to further evaluate the validity of chemical data collected at SWAMP sites. High variability in the concentration of targeted constituents may signal analytical problems, but more likely changes in concentration are related to hydrologic conditions. This underscores the need for accurate measurements of discharge, lake stage, tidal stage at the time of sampling so that changes in constituent concentrations can be properly evaluated and fluxes (loads) of nutrients or metals, for example, can be calculated and compared over time. ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98559","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., and Collins, J., 1998, Evaluation of chemical data from selected sites in the Surface-Water Ambient Monitoring Program (SWAMP) in Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-559, iv, 51 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98559.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1586,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr98-559","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62570e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collins, J.J.","contributorId":67844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32193,"text":"ofr98777 - 1998 - 3-Dimensional visualization of the Medicine Lake Highland, CA: Topography, geology, geophysics, and hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-30T19:29:33.944692","indexId":"ofr98777","displayToPublicDate":"1999-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-777","title":"3-Dimensional visualization of the Medicine Lake Highland, CA: Topography, geology, geophysics, and hydrology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr98777","usgsCitation":"Lowenstern, J.B., Killgore, M., Mariner, R., Blakely, R., Smith, J., and Donnelly-Nolan, J., 1998, 3-Dimensional visualization of the Medicine Lake Highland, CA: Topography, geology, geophysics, and hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-777, 165 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98777.","productDescription":"165 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164383,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":392253,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_67634.htm"},{"id":3149,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-777/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Medicine Lake Highland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              42\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              41\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd492ce4b0b290850eef06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowenstern, J. B.","contributorId":7737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowenstern","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Killgore, Michele","contributorId":86802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killgore","given":"Michele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mariner, Robert","contributorId":107340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":44534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, J.M.","contributorId":104936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":68048,"text":"ha730F - 1998 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":68048,"text":"ha730F - 1998 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","indexId":"ha730F","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":68687,"text":"ha730 - 2000 - Ground Water Atlas of the United States","indexId":"ha730","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:59:29","indexId":"ha730F","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"730","chapter":"F","title":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi","docAbstract":"<p>The States of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, which are located adjacent to each other and north of the Gulf of Mexico, compose Segment 5 of this Atlas. The three-State area encompasses an area of nearly 149,000 square miles. These States are drained by numerous rivers and streams, such as the Atchafalaya, the Teche, the Vermilion, the Calcasieu, the Mermentau, the Sabine, the Tombigbee, the Pascagoula, the Wolf, and the Pearl Rivers, that drain directly to the Gulf of Mexico. The Yazoo, the Big Black, the Arkansas, the St. Francis, the Red, and the White Rivers are tributaries of the Mississippi River, which is the largest of the rivers that drain the three States. Although surface water is the largest source of freshwater to public supply, domestic and commercial, industrial, mining, thermoelectric power and agricultural users, ground water also is important and accounts for 38 percent of total water use in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. </p><p>Precipitation is the ultimate source of water that recharges the ma-jor aquifers in Segment 5. Average annual rainfall (1951-80) amounts range from about 40 to about 68 inches (fig. 1). Temporal (seasonal) and spatial variations in precipitation are evident in the three-State area. </p><p>Average annual rainfall is greatest (60 inches per year or more) in southern Louisiana and southern Mississippi and diminishes in Arkansas and in northwestern Louisiana. Precipitation is greatest during January and May in Arkansas. May to September represent the wettest months in southeastern Louisiana and southern Mississippi. March and April are the wettest months in northern Mississippi. Average annual (1951-80) runoff ranges from less than 12 inches in western Louisiana and northwestern Arkansas to more than 20 inches in southern and northern Mississippi and in central and western Arkansas (fig. 2). Comparison of precipitation and runoff maps shows that less than one-half of the annual precipitation leaves the area as stream runoff. Much of the water that does not exit Segment 5 as runoff is returned to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration, which is the combination of transpiration by vegetation and evaporation from marshes, swamps, lakes and streams. A small amount of water recharges aquifers that are either exposed or buried to shallow depths, and an even smaller amount percolates downward and enters the deep flow system.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water Atlas of the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha730F","isbn":"0607898283","usgsCitation":"Renken, R.A., 1998, Ground Water Atlas of the United States: Segment 5, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 730, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha730F.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"F1","endPage":"F28","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115249,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/730f/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"61.79 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66ddaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Renken, Robert A. rarenken@usgs.gov","contributorId":269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renken","given":"Robert","email":"rarenken@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":277563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24442,"text":"ofr98549 - 1998 - Hydrologic and water-quality data from Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina, 1994-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-05T11:46:25","indexId":"ofr98549","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-549","title":"Hydrologic and water-quality data from Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina, 1994-97","docAbstract":"Continuous-record water-level gages were established at three sites on Mountain Island Lake and one site downstream from Mountain Island Dam. The water level of Mountain Island Lake is controlled by Duke Power Company releases at Cowans Ford Dam (upstream) and Mountain Island Dam (downstream). Water levels on Mountain Island Lake measured just downstream from Cowans Ford Dam fluctuated 11.15 feet during the study. Water levels just upstream from the Mountain Island Lake forebay fluctuated 6.72 feet during the study. About 3 miles downstream from Mountain Island Dam, water levels fluctuated 5.31 feet.\r\n\r\nSampling locations included 14 sites in Mountain Island Lake, plus one downstream river site. At three sites, automated instruments recorded water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, and specific conductance at 15-minute intervals throughout the study. Water temperatures recorded continuously during the study ranged from 4.2 to 35.2 degrees Celsius, and dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 11.8 milligrams per liter. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations generally were inversely related to water temperature, with lowest dissolved-oxygen concentrations typically recorded in the summer. Specific conductance values recorded continuously during the study ranged from 33 to 89 microsiemens per centimeter; however, mean monthly values were fairly consistent throughout the study at all sites (50 to 61 microsiemens per centimeter). In addition, vertical profiles of water temperature, dissolved-oxygen concentration, specific conductance, and pH were measured at all sampling locations during 24 site visits.\r\n\r\nWater-quality constituent concentrations were determined for seven reservoir sites and the downstream river site during 17 sampling trips. Water-quality samples were routinely analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand, fecal coliform bacteria, hardness, alkalinity, total and volatile suspended solids, nutrients, total organic carbon, chlorophyll, iron, calcium, and magnesium; the samples were analyzed less frequently for trace metals, volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, and pesticides. Maximum dissolved nitrite plus nitrate concentrations determined during the study were 0.348 milligram per liter in the mainstem sites and 2.77 milligrams per liter in the coves. Maximum total phosphorus concentrations were 0.143 milligram per liter in the mainstem sites and 0.600 milligram per liter in the coves. Fecal coliform and chlorophyll a concentrations were less than or equal to 160 colonies per 100 milliliters and 13 micrograms per liter, respectively, in all samples. Trace metals detected in at least one sample included arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and antimony. Concentrations of all trace metals (except zinc) were 5.0 micrograms per liter or less; the maximum zinc concentration was 80 micrograms per liter.\r\n\r\nOne set of bottom material samples was collected from Gar Creek and McDowell Creek for chemical analysis and analyzed for nutrients, trace metals, organochlorine pesticides, and semivolatile organic compounds. The only organochlorine pesticide identified in either sample was p,p'-DDE at an estimated concentration of 0.8 microgram per kilogram. Twenty semivolatile organic compounds, mainly polyaromatic hydrocarbons and plasticizers, were identified.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr98549","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Sarver, K., and Steiner, B., 1998, Hydrologic and water-quality data from Mountain Island Lake, North Carolina, 1994-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-549, v, 165 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98549.","productDescription":"v, 165 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0549/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53519,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0549/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Catawba River Basin, Mountain Island 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,{"id":29526,"text":"wri984055 - 1998 - Techniques for estimating peak-flow magnitude and frequency relations for South Dakota streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri984055","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4055","title":"Techniques for estimating peak-flow magnitude and frequency relations for South Dakota streams","docAbstract":"A generalized skew coefficient analysis was completed for South Dakota to test the validity of using the generalized skew coefficient map in Bulletin 17B of the 1982 United States Water Resources Council, ?Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency.? Results of the analysis indicate that the Bulletin 17B generalized skew coefficient map generally provides adequate generalized skew coefficients for estimating peakflow magnitudes and frequencies for South Dakota gaging stations. Peak-flow records through 1994 for 197 continuous- and partial-record streamflow-gaging stations that had 10 or more years of unregulated systematic record were used in a generalized leastsquares regression analysis that relates peak flows for selected recurrence intervals to selected basin characteristics. Peak-flow equations were developed for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 500 years for seven hydrologic subregions in South Dakota. The peak-flow equations are applicable to natural-flow streams that have drainage areas less than or equal to 1,000 square miles. The standard error of estimate for the seven hydrologic subregions ranges from 22 to 110 percent for the 100-year peak-flow equations. Weighted peak flows for various frequencies based on gaging-station data and the regional regression equations are provided for each gaging station. Examples are given for (1) determining peak-flow magnitudes and frequencies for ungaged sites on ungaged streams; (2) determining weighted peak-flow magnitudes and frequencies for gaging stations; and (3) using the drainage-area ratio method for determining peakflow magnitudes and frequencies for ungaged sites near a gaging station on the same stream and ungaged sites between two gaging stations on the same stream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri984055","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., 1998, Techniques for estimating peak-flow magnitude and frequency relations for South Dakota streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4055, iv, 48 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984055.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2376,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri98-4055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":159676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697eb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":24846,"text":"ofr98389 - 1998 - Selected hydrologic data for the central Virgin River basin area, Washington and Iron Counties, Utah, 1915-97","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-19T20:21:38.188515","indexId":"ofr98389","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-389","title":"Selected hydrologic data for the central Virgin River basin area, Washington and Iron Counties, Utah, 1915-97","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrologic data were collected in Washington and Iron Counties, Utah, from 1995 to 1997 to better understand the hydrologic system. Data from earlier years also are presented. Data collected from wells include well-completion data, water-level measurements, and physical properties of the water. Data collected from springs and surface-water sites include discharge and physical properties of the water. Selected water samples collected from ground- and surface-water sites were analyzed for isotopes, chlorofluorocarbons, and dissolved gases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City. UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr98389","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights; and the Washington County Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Wilkowske, C.D., Heilweil, V.M., and Wilberg, D.E., 1998, Selected hydrologic data for the central Virgin River basin area, Washington and Iron Counties, Utah, 1915-97: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-389, iv, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98389.","productDescription":"iv, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"57","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_17807.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53846,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0389/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0389/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Iron County, Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Virgin River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.938,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.075,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.075,\n              37.593\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.938,\n              37.593\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.938,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f897b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkowske, Christopher D. wilkowsk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkowske","given":"Christopher","email":"wilkowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heilweil, Victor M. heilweil@usgs.gov","contributorId":837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"Victor","email":"heilweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":192676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":101275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":24466,"text":"ofr9864 - 1998 - Supporting data for hydrologic studies in San Francisco Bay, California; meteorological measurements at the Port of Redwood City during 1995-1997","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:49:49","indexId":"ofr9864","displayToPublicDate":"1999-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-64","title":"Supporting data for hydrologic studies in San Francisco Bay, California; meteorological measurements at the Port of Redwood City during 1995-1997","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9864","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Schemel, L., 1998, Supporting data for hydrologic studies in San Francisco Bay, California; meteorological measurements at the Port of Redwood City during 1995-1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-64, iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +1 disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9864.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +1 disk (3 1/2 in.)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":156438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697bcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44899,"text":"wri984196 - 1998 - Recharge-area delineation and hydrology, McCraken Springs, Fort Knox Military Reservation, Meade County, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-22T18:36:13.654704","indexId":"wri984196","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4196","title":"Recharge-area delineation and hydrology, McCraken Springs, Fort Knox Military Reservation, Meade County, Kentucky","docAbstract":"<p>McCraken Springs, consisting of three perennial springs - Main, Bat Cave, and Rocky Springs—and several intermittent springs, are used as a source of public water by the Fort Knox Military Reservation in Meade County, Ky. The water supply provided by McCraken Springs is potentially vulnerable to natural and induced stresses on the karst aquifer and to degradation by contaminants introduced by stormwater entering sinkholes and a large sinking stream in the Springs' recharge area.</p><p>The U.S. Department of the Army is preparing a spring-basin protection plan for McCraken Springs, in accordance with State water-supply regulations and as specified under U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines for the Wellhead Protection Program (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). In order to provide the information needed to prepare the plan, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, conducted a hydrogeologic study of the McCraken Springs in 1997-98. This report presents the results of that investigation. Ground-water-tracer tests and the results of potentiometric-surface mapping were used to identify ground-water basins drained by major perennial springs and to delineate the approximate boundaries of the recharge area for McCraken Springs. Additional hydrologic data were collected to determine the discharge and recharge characteristics of the Springs.</p><p>Karst aquifers and springs are widely recognized as being more sensitive to degradation to point- and nonpoint-source contamination than most granular and fractured-rock aquifers (Field, 1990). Delineation of the geographic area contributing recharge to a water-supply spring is a principal step in identifying potential sources of ground-water contamination and developing a strategy to ensure the availability and protect the sustainability of the water supply. Conventional methods of aquifer testing and numerical modeling are not sufficient to determine the flow boundaries of ground-water basins in conduit-dominated karst aquifers. Previous studies published by Quinlan and Ewers (1989); Mull and others (1990); Bayless and others (1994); and Schindel and others (1995) demonstrate the utility of ground-water tracer tests, used in combination with potentiometric-surface mapping, to identify flow directions in karst aquifers, and to delineate karst ground-water-basin boundaries.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wri984196","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Taylor, C.J., and McCombs, G.K., 1998, Recharge-area delineation and hydrology, McCraken Springs, Fort Knox Military Reservation, Meade County, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4196, Report: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 34.48 x 41.09 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984196.","productDescription":"Report: 12 p.; 1 Plate: 34.48 x 41.09 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":427879,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4196/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":427878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4196/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","county":"Meade County","otherGeospatial":"Fort Knox Military Reservation, McCraken Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.166667,\n              37.944445\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.166667,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              37.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -86,\n              37.944445\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.166667,\n              37.944445\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, Charles J.","contributorId":93100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCombs, Gregory K. gmccombs@usgs.gov","contributorId":5429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCombs","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29252,"text":"wri984178 - 1998 - Peak-discharge frequency and potential extreme peak discharge for natural streams in the Brazos River basin, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-22T22:59:29","indexId":"wri984178","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4178","title":"Peak-discharge frequency and potential extreme peak discharge for natural streams in the Brazos River basin, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year peak discharges were estimated for 186 streamflow-gaging stations with at least 8 years of data for natural streams in and near the Brazos River Basin, Texas. Multiple regression equations were developed to estimate peak-discharge frequency for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for each of three hydrologic regions that compose the Brazos River Basin. The equations for each region are a function of significant basin characteristics (explanatory variables). The significant explanatory variables among six that were tested are the contributing drainage area and stream slope for regions 1 and 2 and the contributing drainage area for region 3. For the three sets of equations, the coefficient of determination ranges from 0.59 to 0.93, and the standard error ranges from 0.184 to 0.391 log units. A larger coefficient of determination and a lower standard error generally are associated with the equations for hydrologic regions 2 and 3. Statistics from the regression analysis allow computation of the prediction interval associated with a given significance level for a peak-discharge frequency estimate. The regression equations can be used to estimate peak discharges for sites at, near, or away from sites with streamflow-gaging stations.</p>\n<p>The potential extreme peak-discharge curves as related to contributing drainage area were estimated for each of the three hydrologic regions from measured extreme peaks of record at 186 sites with streamflow-gaging stations and from measured extreme peaks at 37 sites without streamflow-gaging stations in and near the Brazos River Basin. The potential extreme peak-discharge curves generally are similar for hydrologic regions 1 and 2, and the curve for region 3 consistently is below the curves for regions 1 and 2, which indicates smaller peak discharges.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri984178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Brazos River Authority","usgsCitation":"Raines, T.H., 1998, Peak-discharge frequency and potential extreme peak discharge for natural streams in the Brazos River basin, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4178, Document: iv, 42 p.; Plate: 23 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984178.","productDescription":"Document: iv, 42 p.; Plate: 23 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326687,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984178.JPG"},{"id":2247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri98-4178/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Brazos River Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6884e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raines, Timothy H. thraines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raines","given":"Timothy","email":"thraines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23934,"text":"ofr97242 - 1998 - Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T20:14:52.498186","indexId":"ofr97242","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-242","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96","docAbstract":"This report presents selected geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data collected in and near Belvidere, Ill., during 1989-96. The data were collected primarily by the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in support of an ongoing ground-water study of the glacial drift aquifer and bedrock aquifers of Ordovician and Cambrian age underlying the area. These data were collected from 8 boreholes and 52 wells within a 4 square-mile urbanized part of the 80 square-mile study area.\r\nData include stratigraphic, lithologic, and physical descriptions of rock cores from 5 boreholes; geophysical logs of 23 boreholes; surface-geophysical surveys at 3 sites; ground-water levels at 46 wells; horizontal hydraulic conductivity estimated from slug tests at 32 boreholes and wells; and ground-water-quality information at 26 boreholes and wells. Ground-water-quality information include field characteristics and laboratory analyses of inorganic constituents, tritium, volatile organic compounds, and semivolatile organic compounds. Also included are construction logs for 11 monitoring wells and descriptions of the methods used for data collection.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr97242","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., Yeskis, D., and Straub, T.D., 1998, Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data from selected boreholes and wells in and near Belvidere, Illinois, 1989-96: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-242, vi, 151 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97242.","productDescription":"vi, 151 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411080,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39603.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":53142,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0242/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156576,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/0242/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","city":"Belvidere","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.855,\n              42.272\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.855,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.8333,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.8333,\n              42.272\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.855,\n              42.272\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P. C.","contributorId":69117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yeskis, D.J.","contributorId":105334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeskis","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Straub, T. D.","contributorId":88775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25480,"text":"wri974205 - 1998 - Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T21:26:04.639761","indexId":"wri974205","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"97-4205","title":"Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California","docAbstract":"<p>The National Water-Quality Assessment Program for the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins began in 1991 to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic influences on the quality of ground water, surface water, biology, and ecology. The San Joaquin-Tulare Basins study unit, which covers approximately 31,200 square miles in central California, is made up of the San Joaquin Valley, the eastern slope of the Coast Ranges to the west, and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada to the east. The sediments of the San Joaquin Valley can be divided into alluvial fans and basin deposits. The San Joaquin River receives water from tributaries draining the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges, and except for streams discharging directly to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, is the only surface- water outlet from the study unit. The surface-water hydrology of the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins study unit has been significantly modified by development of water resources. Almost every major river entering the valley from the Sierra Nevada has one or more reservoirs. Almost every tributary and drainage into the San Joaquin River has been altered by a network of canals, drains, and wasteways. The Sierra Nevada is predominantly forested, and the Coast Ranges and the foothills of the Sierra Nevada are predominately rangeland. The San Joaquin Valley is dominated by agriculture, which utilized approximately 14.7 million acre-feet of water and 597 million pounds active ingredient of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in 1990, and 88 million pounds active ingredient of pesticides in 1991. In addition, the livestock industry contributed 318 million pounds active ingredient of nitrogen and phosphorus from manure in 1987. This report provides the background information to assess the influence of these and other factors on water quality and to provide the foundation for the design and interpretation of all spatial data. These characterizations provide a basis for comparing the influences of human activities among basins and specific land use settings, as well as within and among study units at the national level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri974205","usgsCitation":"Gronberg, J.A., Dubrovsky, N.M., Kratzer, C.R., Domagalski, J.L., Brown, L.R., and Burow, K.R., 1998, Environmental setting of the San Joaquin-Tulare basins, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4205, vii, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri974205.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":413788,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13081.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1997/4205/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin-Tulare basins","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118,\n              34.798\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.375,\n              34.798\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.375,\n              38.707\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              38.707\n            ],\n            [\n              -118,\n              34.798\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0fe4b07f02db5fec33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn A.","contributorId":36594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kratzer, Charles R.","contributorId":30619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":193860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burow, Karen R. 0000-0001-6006-6667 krburow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-6667","contributorId":1504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burow","given":"Karen","email":"krburow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":26014,"text":"wri984264 - 1998 - Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other volatile organic compounds in lakes in Byram Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, summer 1998","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T19:12:57.035582","indexId":"wri984264","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"98-4264","title":"Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other volatile organic compounds in lakes in Byram Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, summer 1998","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected from four lakes in Byram Township, Sussex County, N.J., in the summer of 1998 as part of an investigation of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in domestic wells of lakeside communities. Cranberry Lake and Lake Lackawanna are surrounded by densely populated communities where the use of gasoline-powered watercraft is prevalent, and water is supplied by lakeside wells. Forest Lake is surrounded by a densely populated community where the use of gasoline-powered watercraft is prohibited. Stag Pond is privately owned, is situated in a sparsely populated area, and is not navigated by gasoline-powered watercraft. Samples were collected from Cranberry Lake in early summer and again in late summer 1998. Concentrations of the gasoline oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) ranged from 1.6 to 15.0 µg/L (micrograms per liter) on June 24 and decreased with depth. The depth-related concentration gradient is attributed to density stratification caused by the temperature gradient that is present in the lake during the early summer. MTBE concentrations ranged from 7.4 to 29.0 µg/L on September 8 and were uniform with depth, as was water temperature, indicating that the lake was vertically mixed. On the basis of these concentration profiles, the mass of MTBE in Cranberry Lake was estimated to be 15 kilograms on June 24 and 27 kilograms on September 8. These mass estimates are equal to the amount of MTBE in 52 and 95 gallons, respectively, of gasoline that contains 10 percent MTBE by volume. Concentrations of another gasoline oxygenate, tert-amyl-methyl ether (TAME), ranged from 0.07 to 0.43 µg/L on June 24 and from 0.2 to 0.69 µg/L on September 8. The highest concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were 0.18, 1.2, 0.18, and 0.97 µg/L, respectively, on June 24. All BTEX concentrations in Cranberry Lake on September 8 were less than 0.2 µg/L.</p><p>Samples were collected from Lake Lackawanna on September 9. Concentrations of MTBE and TAME ranged from 3.7 to 14.0 µg/L and from 0.17 to 0.38 µg/L, respectively. Like those in Cranberry Lake the previous day, BTEX concentrations were less than 0.2 µg/L, and VOC concentrations and water temperatures were nearly uniform with depth. The mass of MTBE in Lake Lackawanna on September 9 was estimated to be 6 kilograms, which is equal to the amount of MTBE in 21 gallons of gasoline that contains10 percent MTBE by volume. All VOC concentrations were less than 0.2 µg/L in samples collected from Forest Lake on September 8, 1998, and from Stag Pond on the following day.</p><p>Oxygenated gasoline is used in watercraft on lakes across northern New Jersey. Many of these lakes are surrounded by communities similar to those at Cranberry Lake and at Lake Lackawanna, which depend largely on wells for water supply. Therefore, a regional assessment of the occurrence of these compounds in lakes and ground water is needed to determine the effect of the use of oxygenated gasoline on water quality in lakeside environments throughout northern New Jersey.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri984264","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., and Zapecza, O.S., 1998, Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other volatile organic compounds in lakes in Byram Township, Sussex County, New Jersey, summer 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4264, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri984264.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157606,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri984264.PNG"},{"id":411568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13209.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2019,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1998/4264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","county":"Sussex County","otherGeospatial":"Byram Township","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.754,\n              40.996\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.754,\n              40.936\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.686,\n              40.936\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.686,\n              40.996\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.754,\n              40.996\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62d69a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zapecza, Otto S. ozapecza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zapecza","given":"Otto","email":"ozapecza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25046,"text":"pp1424B - 1998 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Willamette Lowland aquifer system, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T13:24:39","indexId":"pp1424B","displayToPublicDate":"1999-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1424","chapter":"B","title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Willamette Lowland aquifer system, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the hydraulic characteristics of the materials that make up the Willamette Lowland aquifer system, ground-water movement in the aquifer system, estimates of ground-water recharge, ground-water quality characteristics, construction and use of cross-sectional numerical ground-water flow models, hydrologic controls on ground-water movement, water budgets and flow paths, and a description and application of a conceptual model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1424B","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., Gannett, M.W., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1998, Hydrogeologic framework of the Willamette Lowland aquifer system, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1424, p. B1-B82; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1424B.","productDescription":"p. B1-B82; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":108686,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16406.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"16406"},{"id":118999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1424b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54056,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1424b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54057,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1424b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6279d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. G.","contributorId":106458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannett, Marshall W. 0000-0003-2498-2427 mgannett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2498-2427","contributorId":2942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gannett","given":"Marshall","email":"mgannett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":193126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":6118,"text":"pp1604 - 1998 - Hydrologic classification and estimation of basin and hydrologic characteristics of subbasins in central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-02T11:18:19","indexId":"pp1604","displayToPublicDate":"1999-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1604","title":"Hydrologic classification and estimation of basin and hydrologic characteristics of subbasins in central Idaho","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data for streams and associated subbasins within the Salmon and Clearwater river basins were analyzed to support instream flow claims by the Bureau of Indian Affairs on behalf of the Nez Perce Indian Tribe. A geographic information system was used to construct a data base of basin characteristics for 1,050 subbasins. Descriptive variables were used to classify these subbasins and compute estimates of flow characteristics.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/pp1604","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, S.W., 1998, Hydrologic classification and estimation of basin and hydrologic characteristics of subbasins in central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1604, 49 p.; 1 plate and 1 3 1/2 inch HD/DS DOS-compatible diskette, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1604.","productDescription":"49 p.; 1 plate and 1 3 1/2 inch HD/DS DOS-compatible diskette","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":336794,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1604/pp1604.zip","text":"Floppy disc","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":108394,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13259.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"13259"},{"id":126490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1604/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":33174,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1604/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":33175,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1604/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, Stephen W.","contributorId":84753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4952,"text":"fs01998 - 1998 - Simulating transport of volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated zone using the computer model R-UNSAT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-26T13:18:20.49439","indexId":"fs01998","displayToPublicDate":"1999-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"019-98","title":"Simulating transport of volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated zone using the computer model R-UNSAT","docAbstract":"<p>Subsurface spills of gasoline and other petroleum products are a common environmental problem throughout the industrialized world. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that 40 percent of the more than 200,000 retail service stations in the United States have had accidental releases of petroleum hydrocarbons to the subsurface (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991). Restoration of a contaminated aquifer to regulatory standards is a technically difficult problem even when best engineering strategies are applied.</p><p>Natural attenuation, a remediation strategy that relies on intrinsic physical, chemical, and biological processes to decrease contaminant concentrations, is gaining widespread acceptance in aquifer restoration efforts (Tremblay and others, 1995). The potential for successful remediation by natural attenuation depends on the fate of the organic constituents of the spilled product, which may include additives such as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). These compounds can dissolve in ground water, adsorb to subsurface sediments, volatilize and diffuse through the unsaturated zone, or undergo chemical and biological reactions (fig. 1). Volatilization and biodegradation near the water table are two processes that can contribute significantly to the natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in shallow ground water (McAllister and Chiang, 1994). To date, quantitative information on the rates at which these processes occur has been limited.</p><p>R-UNSAT, a computer model designed for quantifying rates of volatilization and biodegradation of organic compounds near the water table, was developed and documented by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is now available to the public. R-UNSAT also can be applied, however, to other unsaturated-zone transport problems that involve gas diffusion, such as radon migration, and the deposition of compounds from the atmosphere to shallow ground water. This fact sheet describes the transport model and demonstrates its capabilities through applications to point- and nonpoint-source contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs01998","usgsCitation":"Lahvis, M.A., and Baehr, A.L., 1998, Simulating transport of volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated zone using the computer model R-UNSAT: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 019-98, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs01998.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-019-98/fs-019-98.pdf","text":"Report","size":"81.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 019-98 PDF"},{"id":120,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-019-98","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 019-98 HTML"},{"id":121399,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-019-98/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f309e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lahvis, Matthew A.","contributorId":104522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahvis","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}