Island-nesting mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and gadwalls (A. strepera) were studied on a 4.5-ha island in 385-ha Miller Lake in northwestern North Dakota during 1976-80. During the 5-year study, 2,561 duck nests of 9 species were found on Island A located 180 m offshore; 59% were mallard and 34% were gadwall. In patches of shrub cover, which contained the greatest concentrations of nests, densities ranged from 241 to 389 mallard nests/ha and from 139 to 237 gadwall nests/ha. Over 97% of the nests were placed in 4 patches of shrubs totaling about 1 ha of western snowberry (Symphoricarpos occidentalis)--Woods rose (Rosa woodsii) cover, which composed about 30% of the island's vegetation. Average hatching success was 85% for clutches of all species. Abandonment averaged 14% (348 of 2,426 nests) and was the major cause of egg failure. Only 15 nests (<1%) were destroyed, primarily by ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) or California gulls (L. californicus). A minimum of 15,960 ducklings including 9,300 mallards and 5,150 gadwalls hatched on 4.5-ha Island A. Hatching rates of eggs in successful nests averaged 83% for mallards and 87% for gadwalls. Despite the close spacing of nests, most individual hens maintained normal nesting regimes. Eighty-one percent of the mallard clutches contained 7-13 eggs and 81% of the gadwall clutches contained 8-14 eggs. Island A in Miller Lake provides an outstanding example of the potential for high reproduction levels of mallards and gadwalls nesting in small areas of predator-free habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808608","usgsCitation":"Duebbert, H.F., Lokemoen, J.T., and Sharp, D.E., 1983, Concentrated nesting of mallards and gadwalls on Miller Lake Island, North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 47, no. 3, p. 729-740, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808608.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"740","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133601,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-98.724375,45.938686],[-100.720865,45.944024],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-104.046822,46.000199],[-104.045333,47.343452],[-104.041662,47.862282],[-104.048054,48.500025],[-104.048736,48.999877],[-102.216993,48.998553],[-97.229039,49.000687],[-97.231397,48.997212],[-97.230833,48.991303],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-97.238882,48.966573],[-97.23146,48.962437],[-97.232147,48.948955],[-97.227854,48.945864],[-97.224505,48.9341],[-97.217549,48.929892],[-97.219095,48.922078],[-97.217992,48.919735],[-97.211161,48.916649],[-97.212706,48.908143],[-97.210541,48.90439],[-97.197982,48.898332],[-97.199981,48.891086],[-97.197857,48.886838],[-97.197982,48.880341],[-97.186238,48.87347],[-97.187113,48.866098],[-97.180116,48.861601],[-97.179071,48.856866],[-97.175618,48.853105],[-97.177243,48.846483],[-97.173811,48.838309],[-97.181116,48.832741],[-97.180991,48.828992],[-97.177747,48.824815],[-97.180028,48.81845],[-97.177045,48.814124],[-97.164874,48.808253],[-97.165921,48.803792],[-97.162959,48.79293],[-97.157093,48.790024],[-97.157804,48.784104],[-97.154116,48.781891],[-97.155223,48.775499],[-97.147478,48.766033],[-97.151043,48.755707],[-97.139488,48.746611],[-97.139611,48.738129],[-97.134847,48.733324],[-97.135588,48.726403],[-97.126398,48.721101],[-97.116185,48.709348],[-97.119027,48.703292],[-97.118286,48.700573],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.097584,48.686298],[-97.100674,48.679624],[-97.100009,48.667926],[-97.102652,48.664793],[-97.100551,48.658614],[-97.111921,48.642918],[-97.108466,48.632658],[-97.111559,48.630266],[-97.125269,48.629694],[-97.124774,48.621537],[-97.130089,48.621166],[-97.131448,48.613998],[-97.137504,48.612268],[-97.138246,48.604234],[-97.143684,48.597066],[-97.141585,48.59082],[-97.142915,48.583733],[-97.14974,48.579516],[-97.149616,48.569876],[-97.158638,48.564067],[-97.158267,48.558753],[-97.153942,48.556034],[-97.152459,48.552326],[-97.160863,48.549236],[-97.16309,48.543964],[-97.148874,48.534282],[-97.153076,48.524148],[-97.148133,48.503384],[-97.146279,48.499677],[-97.138864,48.494362],[-97.139276,48.48631],[-97.144981,48.481571],[-97.141397,48.476256],[-97.143745,48.473661],[-97.144116,48.469212],[-97.141768,48.464021],[-97.132746,48.459942],[-97.133611,48.45228],[-97.137689,48.447583],[-97.137689,48.444247],[-97.134229,48.439797],[-97.13497,48.436337],[-97.139296,48.432011],[-97.1356,48.424369],[-97.142849,48.419471],[-97.142457,48.416727],[-97.138343,48.415944],[-97.1356,48.411829],[-97.135012,48.406735],[-97.145592,48.394195],[-97.145201,48.388904],[-97.140106,48.380479],[-97.142066,48.374209],[-97.147356,48.368723],[-97.147748,48.359905],[-97.143861,48.354503],[-97.137822,48.352003],[-97.137904,48.344585],[-97.131145,48.339722],[-97.134772,48.328677],[-97.127766,48.326781],[-97.127601,48.323319],[-97.13125,48.319543],[-97.131921,48.312728],[-97.126176,48.309147],[-97.126176,48.303701],[-97.122296,48.301388],[-97.12252,48.299299],[-97.128638,48.297657],[-97.128862,48.292882],[-97.12216,48.290056],[-97.11657,48.279661],[-97.12408,48.27125],[-97.131846,48.267589],[-97.127146,48.262889],[-97.129384,48.258785],[-97.127967,48.251474],[-97.138033,48.246236],[-97.138618,48.242429],[-97.135763,48.237596],[-97.141254,48.234668],[-97.139311,48.230187],[-97.136304,48.228984],[-97.138154,48.223104],[-97.135617,48.220904],[-97.135177,48.217243],[-97.137407,48.215245],[-97.134372,48.210434],[-97.134738,48.207506],[-97.138765,48.20465],[-97.138007,48.197587],[-97.146233,48.186054],[-97.141474,48.179099],[-97.146745,48.168556],[-97.144242,48.16249],[-97.138911,48.157793],[-97.142133,48.144981],[-97.131956,48.139563],[-97.132176,48.135829],[-97.129453,48.133133],[-97.128279,48.127185],[-97.120702,48.114987],[-97.123205,48.106648],[-97.11147,48.105913],[-97.108428,48.099824],[-97.10395,48.096184],[-97.105616,48.091362],[-97.099798,48.085884],[-97.099431,48.082106],[-97.104697,48.073094],[-97.097772,48.07108],[-97.086986,48.058222],[-97.075641,48.052725],[-97.072257,48.048068],[-97.068711,48.027694],[-97.072239,48.019107],[-97.069284,48.016176],[-97.063289,48.014989],[-97.066762,48.009558],[-97.064289,47.998508],[-97.053089,47.990252],[-97.059153,47.97538],[-97.057153,47.97048],[-97.061854,47.96448],[-97.052454,47.957179],[-97.055554,47.949079],[-97.054554,47.946279],[-97.044954,47.941079],[-97.036054,47.939379],[-97.037354,47.933279],[-97.035754,47.930179],[-97.017754,47.919778],[-97.018054,47.918078],[-97.023754,47.915878],[-97.017254,47.913078],[-97.015054,47.907178],[-97.017254,47.905678],[-97.024955,47.908178],[-97.020155,47.900478],[-97.023955,47.898078],[-97.024955,47.894978],[-97.018955,47.891078],[-97.024955,47.886878],[-97.025355,47.884278],[-97.017955,47.878478],[-97.023156,47.874978],[-97.021256,47.872578],[-97.002456,47.868677],[-97.001556,47.867377],[-97.005857,47.865277],[-96.998144,47.858882],[-96.996364,47.844398],[-96.998295,47.841724],[-96.992963,47.837911],[-96.986685,47.837639],[-96.981725,47.830421],[-96.982272,47.826668],[-96.979327,47.824533],[-96.980391,47.815662],[-96.977946,47.811619],[-96.980947,47.808337],[-96.980579,47.805614],[-96.975131,47.798326],[-96.966068,47.797297],[-96.95786,47.792021],[-96.957283,47.790147],[-96.963521,47.78729],[-96.965316,47.783474],[-96.956501,47.779798],[-96.956635,47.776188],[-96.949585,47.775228],[-96.939179,47.768397],[-96.936909,47.764536],[-96.937859,47.760195],[-96.932684,47.756804],[-96.934463,47.752956],[-96.929051,47.750331],[-96.928505,47.748037],[-96.932809,47.737139],[-96.919131,47.724731],[-96.923544,47.718201],[-96.920391,47.716527],[-96.920119,47.710383],[-96.9155,47.707968],[-96.915242,47.703527],[-96.907604,47.695119],[-96.909909,47.689522],[-96.907236,47.688493],[-96.902971,47.691576],[-96.900264,47.690775],[-96.896724,47.674758],[-96.891922,47.673157],[-96.885573,47.663443],[-96.887607,47.658853],[-96.88697,47.653049],[-96.882882,47.650168],[-96.882857,47.641714],[-96.888573,47.63845],[-96.882393,47.633489],[-96.879496,47.620576],[-96.870871,47.618042],[-96.874078,47.614774],[-96.860255,47.612175],[-96.855421,47.60875],[-96.856903,47.602329],[-96.852826,47.597891],[-96.854743,47.594728],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-96.853273,47.579483],[-96.856373,47.575749],[-96.853689,47.570381],[-96.858769,47.56741],[-96.857236,47.564055],[-96.859153,47.559741],[-96.853755,47.552497],[-96.856429,47.546957],[-96.854423,47.545333],[-96.856716,47.540271],[-96.85471,47.535973],[-96.866363,47.525944],[-96.863245,47.517266],[-96.854204,47.514368],[-96.851749,47.510088],[-96.853317,47.501322],[-96.851653,47.497098],[-96.85853,47.490889],[-96.855856,47.48831],[-96.85853,47.482484],[-96.85471,47.478281],[-96.859868,47.470926],[-96.856811,47.46319],[-96.859963,47.457363],[-96.858148,47.454498],[-96.859537,47.445662],[-96.85748,47.441603],[-96.861014,47.428995],[-96.858721,47.426129],[-96.864261,47.419539],[-96.861231,47.41781],[-96.86207,47.415159],[-96.858094,47.410317],[-96.853325,47.408889],[-96.852739,47.405909],[-96.84511,47.400483],[-96.845492,47.394179],[-96.840717,47.391314],[-96.841099,47.38415],[-96.845588,47.381571],[-96.846925,47.376891],[-96.853754,47.373405],[-96.848907,47.370565],[-96.852226,47.367291],[-96.848119,47.358026],[-96.843439,47.354397],[-96.845158,47.34943],[-96.844012,47.346182],[-96.835845,47.335914],[-96.83852,47.33238],[-96.835177,47.32856],[-96.835845,47.321014],[-96.841194,47.317575],[-96.842531,47.312418],[-96.835735,47.310843],[-96.832884,47.30449],[-96.843922,47.29302],[-96.844088,47.289981],[-96.84022,47.276981],[-96.8432,47.270486],[-96.838997,47.267716],[-96.842627,47.263991],[-96.840717,47.261221],[-96.840525,47.253866],[-96.834699,47.248135],[-96.838233,47.242882],[-96.832693,47.236196],[-96.837564,47.231802],[-96.835654,47.227217],[-96.838806,47.22502],[-96.838329,47.222059],[-96.835941,47.221009],[-96.836514,47.216137],[-96.833553,47.212794],[-96.835463,47.208401],[-96.83212,47.204866],[-96.83766,47.201141],[-96.838806,47.197894],[-96.83126,47.191781],[-96.831451,47.185572],[-96.826676,47.181561],[-96.829637,47.17497],[-96.825147,47.172295],[-96.824479,47.167042],[-96.822091,47.165036],[-96.824861,47.159783],[-96.822706,47.156229],[-96.83126,47.1509],[-96.830114,47.146793],[-96.832407,47.143736],[-96.827631,47.136572],[-96.828777,47.13151],[-96.824476,47.127188],[-96.827344,47.120144],[-96.821189,47.115723],[-96.822694,47.109622],[-96.817984,47.106007],[-96.81999,47.100849],[-96.818366,47.093304],[-96.820563,47.08977],[-96.819034,47.087573],[-96.82065,47.083619],[-96.819479,47.078181],[-96.823715,47.071717],[-96.823491,47.065911],[-96.821327,47.06293],[-96.824479,47.059682],[-96.819321,47.0529],[-96.820849,47.041438],[-96.818557,47.035516],[-96.821613,47.031505],[-96.817984,47.026538],[-96.829499,47.021537],[-96.833038,47.016029],[-96.834221,47.006671],[-96.82318,46.999965],[-96.824598,46.993309],[-96.819894,46.977357],[-96.821852,46.969372],[-96.809814,46.9639],[-96.802749,46.965933],[-96.79931,46.964118],[-96.799358,46.947355],[-96.791558,46.944464],[-96.790058,46.937664],[-96.791048,46.929876],[-96.78312,46.925482],[-96.775157,46.930863],[-96.763257,46.935063],[-96.760292,46.93341],[-96.762011,46.929303],[-96.759528,46.925769],[-96.761343,46.922234],[-96.759241,46.918223],[-96.762871,46.916886],[-96.765657,46.905063],[-96.770458,46.906763],[-96.776558,46.895663],[-96.773558,46.884763],[-96.767358,46.883663],[-96.768458,46.879563],[-96.771258,46.877463],[-96.781358,46.879363],[-96.779302,46.872699],[-96.782881,46.862585],[-96.781067,46.859146],[-96.782022,46.853415],[-96.777915,46.850741],[-96.780207,46.845392],[-96.779347,46.842144],[-96.783359,46.840807],[-96.785365,46.834025],[-96.789377,46.833166],[-96.787657,46.827817],[-96.791559,46.827864],[-96.80016,46.819664],[-96.799336,46.815436],[-96.802013,46.812464],[-96.801446,46.810401],[-96.796488,46.808709],[-96.796992,46.791572],[-96.791478,46.785694],[-96.792433,46.778913],[-96.788803,46.777575],[-96.788612,46.771271],[-96.784314,46.767546],[-96.785556,46.764394],[-96.783646,46.762579],[-96.787466,46.756753],[-96.783646,46.753123],[-96.784601,46.743094],[-96.781216,46.740944],[-96.784279,46.732993],[-96.779252,46.727429],[-96.779899,46.722915],[-96.784751,46.720495],[-96.786184,46.71284],[-96.791204,46.703747],[-96.787801,46.700446],[-96.787801,46.691181],[-96.784339,46.685054],[-96.788159,46.681879],[-96.788947,46.678382],[-96.792958,46.677427],[-96.792576,46.672173],[-96.798357,46.665314],[-96.798823,46.658071],[-96.796767,46.653363],[-96.790663,46.649112],[-96.789405,46.641639],[-96.791096,46.633155],[-96.784815,46.629439],[-96.783932,46.621598],[-96.779061,46.620834],[-96.778488,46.616153],[-96.774094,46.613288],[-96.775622,46.609276],[-96.772088,46.606315],[-96.772446,46.600129],[-96.766596,46.597957],[-96.762584,46.593946],[-96.76182,46.588501],[-96.756662,46.585827],[-96.756949,46.583534],[-96.752746,46.58277],[-96.752746,46.577517],[-96.746442,46.574078],[-96.744436,46.56596],[-96.74883,46.558127],[-96.744532,46.551346],[-96.746347,46.546283],[-96.742812,46.543609],[-96.745009,46.541698],[-96.742335,46.538546],[-96.744341,46.533006],[-96.738475,46.525793],[-96.736147,46.513478],[-96.738562,46.509366],[-96.735888,46.50631],[-96.737702,46.50077],[-96.733612,46.497224],[-96.737989,46.487875],[-96.735505,46.484914],[-96.735123,46.478897],[-96.726914,46.476432],[-96.726718,46.474121],[-96.720891,46.471446],[-96.720414,46.468008],[-96.715557,46.463232],[-96.715593,46.453867],[-96.718551,46.451913],[-96.716438,46.444567],[-96.718074,46.438255],[-96.709095,46.435294],[-96.706994,46.430231],[-96.701645,46.428607],[-96.701358,46.420584],[-96.69792,46.42068],[-96.696583,46.415617],[-96.688941,46.413134],[-96.688082,46.40788],[-96.680687,46.407383],[-96.669132,46.390037],[-96.669794,46.384644],[-96.667189,46.375458],[-96.658436,46.373391],[-96.655206,46.365964],[-96.646532,46.36251],[-96.647296,46.358499],[-96.644335,46.351908],[-96.629211,46.352654],[-96.628522,46.349569],[-96.62079,46.347607],[-96.618147,46.344295],[-96.619991,46.340135],[-96.608075,46.332576],[-96.599761,46.330386],[-96.60104,46.319554],[-96.598233,46.312563],[-96.60136,46.30413],[-96.598679,46.29775],[-96.600302,46.294407],[-96.596077,46.290536],[-96.598774,46.281417],[-96.595014,46.275135],[-96.599729,46.262123],[-96.594571,46.258302],[-96.594189,46.251712],[-96.590082,46.248655],[-96.598119,46.243112],[-96.59755,46.227733],[-96.59567,46.21985],[-96.591652,46.218183],[-96.583582,46.201047],[-96.587694,46.195262],[-96.587599,46.178928],[-96.584495,46.177123],[-96.582823,46.170905],[-96.57862,46.168135],[-96.579453,46.147601],[-96.56926,46.133686],[-96.571439,46.12572],[-96.563043,46.119512],[-96.562811,46.11625],[-96.56692,46.11475],[-96.557952,46.102442],[-96.556345,46.08688],[-96.554507,46.083978],[-96.558088,46.072096],[-96.556907,46.06483],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.566295,46.051416],[-96.57794,46.026874],[-96.574264,46.016545],[-96.575869,46.007999],[-96.573605,46.002309],[-96.57035,45.963595],[-96.561334,45.945655],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-97.784575,45.935327],[-98.724375,45.938686]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a624e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":18041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lokemoen, John T.","contributorId":15555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, David E.","contributorId":202245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36388,"text":"Division Of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Littleton, CO 80127, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":311112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221807,"text":"5221807 - 1983 - Parathion alters incubation behavior of laughing gulls","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-12T14:10:19","indexId":"5221807","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-16T12:19:13","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parathion alters incubation behavior of laughing gulls","docAbstract":"One member of each pair of incubating laughing gulls at 9 nests was trapped, orally dosed with either 6 mg/kg parathion in corn oil or corn oil alone, and marked about the neck with red dye. Each nest was marked with a numbered stake and the treatment was recorded. A pilot study with captive laughing gulls had determined the proper dosage of parathion that would significantly inhibit their brain AChE activity (about 50% of normal) without overt signs of poisoning.
After dosing, birds were released and the nests were observed for 21/2 days from a blind on the nesting island. The activities of the birds at each marked nest were recorded at 10-minute intervals. Results indicated that on the day of treatment there was no difference (P>0.05, Chi-square test) in the proportion of time spent on the nest between treated and control birds. However, birds dosed with 6 mg/kg parathion spent significantly less time incubating on days 2 and 3 than did birds receiving only corn oil. By noon on the third day, sharing of nest duties between pair members in the treated group had approached normal, indicating recovery from parathion intoxication. These findings suggest that sublethal exposure of nesting birds to an organophosphate (OP) insecticide, such as parathion, may result in decreased nest attentiveness, thereby making the clutch more susceptible to predation or egg failure. Behavioral changes caused by sublethal OP exposure could be especially detrimental in avian species where only one pair member incubates or where both members are exposed in species sharing nest duties.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01608772","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., Mitchell, C.A., and Hill, E.F., 1983, Parathion alters incubation behavior of laughing gulls: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 93-97, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01608772.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194337,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Laguna Vista","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.32959747314453,\n 26.03796732011121\n ],\n [\n -97.23793029785156,\n 26.03796732011121\n ],\n [\n -97.23793029785156,\n 26.153588951987334\n ],\n [\n -97.32959747314453,\n 26.153588951987334\n ],\n [\n -97.32959747314453,\n 26.03796732011121\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":97868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, C. A.","contributorId":54543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011430,"text":"70011430 - 1983 - Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-19T15:38:03.132946","indexId":"70011430","displayToPublicDate":"1983-06-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature","docAbstract":"The solubility of a 44° API (0.806 sp. gr.) whole crude oil has been measured in methane with water present at temperatures of 50 to 250°C and pressures of 740 to 14,852 psi, as have the solubilities of two high molecular weight petroleum distillation fractions at temperatures of 50 to 250°C and pressures of 4482 to 25,266 psi. Both increases in pressure and temperature increase the solubility of crude oil and petroleum distillation fractions in methane, the effect of pressure being greater than that of temperature. Unexpectedly high solubility levels (0.5–1.5 grams of oil per liter of methane—at laboratory temperature and pressure) were measured at moderate conditions (50–200°C and 5076–14504 psi). Similar results were found for the petroleum distillation fractions, one of which was the highest molecular weight material of petroleum (material boiling above 266°C at 6 microns pressure). Unexpectedly mild conditions (100°C and 15,200 psi; 200°C and 7513 psi) resulted in cosolubility of crude oil and methane. Under these conditions, samples of the gas-rich phase gave solubility values of 4 to 5 g/l, or greater.
Qualitative analyses of the crude-oil solute samples showed that at low pressure and temperature equilibration conditions, the solute condensate would be enriched in C5–C15 range hydrocarbons and in saturated hydrocarbons in the C15+ fraction. With increases in temperature and especially pressure, these tendencies were reversed, and the solute condensate became identical to the starting crude oil.
The data of this study, compared to that of previous studies, shows that methane, with water present, has a much greater carrying capacity for crude oil than in dry systems. The presence of water also drastically lowers the temperature and pressure conditions required for cosolubility.
The data of this and/or previous studies demonstrate that the addition of carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, or butane to methane also has a strong positive effect on crude oil solubility, as does the presence of fine grained rocks.
The n-paraffin distributions (as well as the overall composition) of the solute condensates are controlled by the temperature and pressure of solution and exsolution, as well as by the composition of the original starting material. It appears quite possible that primary migration by gaseous solution could ‘strip’ a source rock of crude-oil like components leaving behind a bitumen totally unlike the migrated crude oil. The data of this study demonstrate previous criticisms of primary petroleum migration by gas solution are invalid; that primary migration by gaseous solution cannot occur because methane cannot dissolve sufficient volumes of crude oil or cannot dissolve the highest molecular weight components of petroleum (tars and asphaltenes).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(83)90042-6","usgsCitation":"Price, L.C., Wenger, L., Ging, T., and Blount, C., 1983, Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature: Organic Geochemistry, v. 4, no. 3-4, p. 201-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(83)90042-6.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"221","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Nebraska, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.445861,42.93062],[-98.439743,42.928195],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.14806,42.840013],[-98.129038,42.821228],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.002532,42.763264],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.361784,42.855123],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.308853,42.867307],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.211654,42.810684],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.963531,42.720643],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.806223,42.704154],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.687669,42.653126],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.396107,42.484095],[-96.386007,42.474495],[-96.380707,42.446394],[-96.387608,42.432494],[-96.413609,42.407894],[-96.41498,42.393442],[-96.408436,42.376092],[-96.417093,42.361443],[-96.417786,42.351449],[-96.407998,42.337408],[-96.375307,42.318339],[-96.369212,42.308344],[-96.365792,42.285875],[-96.336003,42.264806],[-96.328905,42.254734],[-96.328955,42.241885],[-96.323723,42.229887],[-96.336323,42.218922],[-96.356591,42.215182],[-96.35987,42.210545],[-96.348066,42.194747],[-96.350323,42.17744],[-96.347752,42.166806],[-96.319528,42.146647],[-96.310085,42.132523],[-96.279203,42.12348],[-96.2689,42.11359],[-96.267636,42.096177],[-96.279079,42.074026],[-96.275548,42.051976],[-96.263886,42.039858],[-96.238392,42.041088],[-96.225656,42.035217],[-96.221901,42.029558],[-96.223611,42.022652],[-96.238859,42.012315],[-96.240713,41.999351],[-96.225463,41.994734],[-96.215225,42.006701],[-96.194556,42.008662],[-96.183568,41.999987],[-96.192141,41.984461],[-96.186265,41.977417],[-96.156538,41.980137],[-96.141228,41.978063],[-96.129505,41.971673],[-96.133318,41.955732],[-96.144583,41.941544],[-96.136743,41.920826],[-96.142265,41.915379],[-96.159098,41.910057],[-96.161756,41.90182],[-96.148826,41.888132],[-96.142045,41.868865],[-96.110246,41.84885],[-96.107911,41.840339],[-96.11081,41.828172],[-96.107592,41.820685],[-96.09827,41.814206],[-96.075548,41.807811],[-96.064879,41.79623],[-96.066413,41.788913],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.079915,41.757895],[-96.102772,41.746339],[-96.106425,41.73789],[-96.10261,41.728016],[-96.079682,41.717962],[-96.072321,41.706858],[-96.082429,41.698159],[-96.111968,41.697773],[-96.121401,41.688522],[-96.120983,41.677861],[-96.099837,41.66103],[-96.095046,41.647365],[-96.100701,41.635507],[-96.116233,41.621574],[-96.117558,41.609999],[-96.109387,41.596871],[-96.085771,41.585746],[-96.081152,41.577289],[-96.093613,41.558271],[-96.09409,41.539265],[-96.089714,41.531778],[-96.07307,41.525052],[-96.05369,41.508859],[-96.040701,41.507076],[-96.034305,41.512853],[-96.028439,41.539616],[-96.023182,41.544364],[-96.010028,41.545533],[-96.001161,41.541146],[-95.992599,41.514174],[-95.997903,41.504789],[-96.019224,41.489296],[-96.011757,41.476212],[-95.962329,41.46281],[-95.936801,41.46519],[-95.925713,41.459382],[-95.920281,41.451566],[-95.921833,41.442062],[-95.933169,41.42943],[-95.929721,41.411331],[-95.93749,41.393095],[-95.92879,41.370096],[-95.93549,41.360596],[-95.954891,41.351796],[-95.956691,41.345496],[-95.946891,41.334096],[-95.92569,41.322197],[-95.88869,41.319097],[-95.874689,41.307097],[-95.872889,41.289497],[-95.88239,41.281397],[-95.90249,41.273398],[-95.912491,41.279498],[-95.90429,41.299597],[-95.927491,41.298397],[-95.928691,41.281398],[-95.913991,41.271398],[-95.921891,41.264598],[-95.910891,41.233998],[-95.927491,41.202198],[-95.923219,41.191046],[-95.91459,41.185098],[-95.864789,41.188298],[-95.850188,41.184798],[-95.841288,41.174998],[-95.846188,41.166698],[-95.871912,41.168122],[-95.883489,41.154898],[-95.882088,41.143998],[-95.865888,41.117898],[-95.862587,41.088399],[-95.882415,41.060411],[-95.879487,41.053299],[-95.859654,41.035695],[-95.859918,41.025403],[-95.869486,41.009399],[-95.867286,41.001599],[-95.838908,40.986484],[-95.829074,40.975688],[-95.829829,40.963857],[-95.837951,40.950618],[-95.839743,40.93278],[-95.836438,40.921642],[-95.814302,40.902936],[-95.809474,40.891228],[-95.815933,40.879846],[-95.838735,40.872191],[-95.846938,40.865745],[-95.847084,40.854174],[-95.837186,40.835347],[-95.845342,40.811324],[-95.834523,40.787778],[-95.835232,40.779151],[-95.84662,40.768619],[-95.869982,40.759645],[-95.883643,40.747831],[-95.888697,40.736292],[-95.885349,40.721093],[-95.852615,40.702262],[-95.842801,40.677496],[-95.822913,40.66724],[-95.804307,40.664886],[-95.786568,40.657253],[-95.772832,40.642496],[-95.768926,40.621264],[-95.749685,40.606842],[-95.748858,40.599965],[-95.753148,40.59284],[-95.768527,40.583296],[-95.774704,40.573574],[-95.763833,40.553873],[-95.769281,40.536656],[-95.762857,40.528371],[-95.73725,40.52393],[-95.714291,40.527208],[-95.708591,40.521551],[-95.69505,40.533124],[-95.694147,40.556942],[-95.678718,40.56256],[-95.671754,40.562626],[-95.655848,40.546609],[-95.652262,40.538114],[-95.655674,40.523557],[-95.661687,40.517309],[-95.699969,40.505275],[-95.694726,40.493602],[-95.694651,40.471452],[-95.671742,40.456695],[-95.65819,40.44188],[-95.65563,40.434736],[-95.661463,40.415947],[-95.659134,40.40869],[-95.643934,40.386849],[-95.641027,40.366399],[-95.623728,40.346567],[-95.625204,40.334288],[-95.656612,40.319465],[-95.658025,40.3127],[-95.654294,40.307906],[-95.642262,40.306025],[-95.610439,40.31397],[-95.581787,40.29958],[-95.562157,40.297359],[-95.55162,40.288666],[-95.556275,40.270761],[-95.552473,40.261904],[-95.521925,40.24947],[-95.490333,40.248966],[-95.477501,40.24272],[-95.469718,40.227908],[-95.471393,40.217333],[-95.482319,40.200667],[-95.479193,40.185652],[-95.460746,40.169173],[-95.436348,40.15872],[-95.428749,40.135577],[-95.398667,40.126419],[-95.393347,40.119212],[-95.394216,40.108263],[-95.410643,40.091531],[-95.409856,40.07432],[-95.42164,40.058952],[-95.413588,40.038424],[-95.391527,40.027058],[-95.363983,40.031498],[-95.348777,40.029297],[-95.336242,40.019104],[-95.315271,40.01207],[-95.308469,40.002194],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-98.219499,36.997824],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.431215,35.39429],[-94.433915,35.387391],[-94.431515,35.369591],[-94.45753,34.642961],[-94.487514,33.628939],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.526291,33.619203],[-94.529221,33.634437],[-94.533322,33.63766],[-94.552658,33.638246],[-94.552072,33.65348],[-94.572286,33.656995],[-94.569943,33.66637],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.586641,33.678968],[-94.596895,33.671351],[-94.603047,33.671351],[-94.621211,33.681018],[-94.635273,33.669886],[-94.64289,33.668421],[-94.648457,33.673401],[-94.652265,33.690979],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.707858,33.686876],[-94.711043,33.705669],[-94.719006,33.708217],[-94.728243,33.699617],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.739072,33.710128],[-94.739391,33.72255],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.767739,33.73752],[-94.766465,33.750897],[-94.770924,33.754401],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.824753,33.749305],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.849296,33.739585],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.87708,33.75222],[-94.876033,33.760771],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.886226,33.764594],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.917815,33.808704],[-94.924518,33.812792],[-94.944302,33.812138],[-94.949533,33.825708],[-94.957676,33.835004],[-94.964401,33.837021],[-94.968895,33.860916],[-94.988487,33.851],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-95.022325,33.859813],[-95.046568,33.862565],[-95.065492,33.899585],[-95.07126,33.901597],[-95.084002,33.89328],[-95.090441,33.89328],[-95.10077,33.912193],[-95.122365,33.918632],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.1247,33.934675],[-95.161109,33.937598],[-95.184075,33.950353],[-95.226393,33.961954],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.253095,33.905444],[-95.26385,33.899256],[-95.277846,33.900877],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.287865,33.874946],[-95.333452,33.886286],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.407795,33.866308],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.463346,33.872313],[-95.46291,33.885903],[-95.469962,33.886105],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.502304,33.874742],[-95.506085,33.87639],[-95.506234,33.886306],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.533283,33.881162],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.552085,33.888422],[-95.549145,33.90795],[-95.559414,33.930179],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.603657,33.927195],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.665338,33.908132],[-95.684831,33.890232],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.71354,33.885124],[-95.737508,33.895967],[-95.756367,33.892625],[-95.762559,33.874367],[-95.753513,33.856464],[-95.758016,33.85008],[-95.772067,33.843817],[-95.787891,33.856336],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.820596,33.858465],[-95.820784,33.840564],[-95.837516,33.83564],[-95.859469,33.852456],[-95.881292,33.860627],[-95.915961,33.881148],[-95.935198,33.887101],[-95.936631,33.870615],[-95.944284,33.859811],[-95.972156,33.856371],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.996748,33.864403],[-95.997709,33.852182],[-96.019599,33.840566],[-96.0219,33.849114],[-96.029463,33.852402],[-96.037191,33.841245],[-96.048834,33.836468],[-96.100095,33.847971],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.122951,33.839964],[-96.14807,33.837799],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.17589,33.814627],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.17515,33.801951],[-96.162123,33.79614],[-96.169452,33.770131],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.229023,33.748021],[-96.269896,33.768405],[-96.292482,33.766419],[-96.303009,33.750878],[-96.307035,33.719987],[-96.316925,33.698997],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.362198,33.691818],[-96.36959,33.716809],[-96.408469,33.751192],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.448045,33.781031],[-96.459154,33.775232],[-96.500268,33.772583],[-96.515912,33.787795],[-96.516584,33.803168],[-96.526655,33.820891],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.62929,33.845488],[-96.629747,33.850866],[-96.61197,33.869016],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.58536,33.888948],[-96.587934,33.894784],[-96.628294,33.894477],[-96.659896,33.916666],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.673449,33.912278],[-96.680947,33.896204],[-96.684727,33.862905],[-96.699574,33.839049],[-96.712422,33.831633],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.770676,33.829621],[-96.783485,33.863534],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.832157,33.874835],[-96.839778,33.868396],[-96.841592,33.852894],[-96.850593,33.847211],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.88301,33.868019],[-96.895728,33.896414],[-96.902434,33.942018],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.922114,33.959579],[-96.932252,33.955688],[-96.972542,33.935795],[-96.979818,33.941588],[-96.979347,33.95513],[-96.987892,33.954671],[-96.994288,33.949206],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.984939,33.904866],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-97.041245,33.837761],[-97.055416,33.841202],[-97.058623,33.837728],[-97.055148,33.825701],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.092112,33.804097],[-97.095236,33.794136],[-97.085218,33.765512],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.094085,33.730992],[-97.104525,33.722608],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.155066,33.724442],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.190397,33.781153],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.204995,33.81887],[-97.1997,33.827322],[-97.171627,33.835335],[-97.166824,33.840395],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.180845,33.895204],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.226522,33.914642],[-97.244946,33.903092],[-97.249209,33.875101],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.279108,33.864555],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.30749,33.878204],[-97.318243,33.865121],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.339392,33.86763],[-97.348338,33.843876],[-97.368744,33.821471],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.453057,33.828536],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.450954,33.891398],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.486505,33.916994],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.587441,33.902479],[-97.597115,33.917868],[-97.591514,33.9282],[-97.588828,33.951882],[-97.609091,33.968093],[-97.633778,33.981257],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.709684,33.954997],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.732267,33.936691],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.759399,33.91882],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.779683,33.899243],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.801578,33.885138],[-97.805423,33.877167],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.871447,33.849001],[-97.896738,33.857985],[-97.936743,33.879204],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.98454,33.900703],[-97.979985,33.911402],[-97.976963,33.912549],[-97.969873,33.905999],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.953395,33.936445],[-97.971175,33.937129],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.960351,33.951928],[-97.94595,33.988396],[-97.958325,33.990846],[-97.974173,34.006716],[-97.987388,33.999823],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-98.055197,33.995841],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.105482,34.031307],[-98.096177,34.044625],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.119417,34.084474],[-98.099328,34.104295],[-98.089755,34.128211],[-98.109462,34.154111],[-98.123377,34.15454],[-98.130816,34.150532],[-98.154354,34.122734],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.203711,34.117676],[-98.241013,34.133103],[-98.256467,34.129481],[-98.293901,34.13302],[-98.325445,34.151025],[-98.364023,34.157109],[-98.381238,34.149454],[-98.398441,34.128456],[-98.399777,34.099973],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.440092,34.084311],[-98.449034,34.073462],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.504182,34.072371],[-98.5282,34.094961],[-98.572451,34.145091],[-98.599789,34.160571],[-98.616733,34.156418],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.690072,34.133155],[-98.734287,34.135758],[-98.741966,34.12553],[-98.757037,34.124633],[-98.76557,34.136376],[-98.792015,34.143736],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.855585,34.161621],[-98.860125,34.149913],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.874872,34.155657],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.918333,34.181831],[-98.950396,34.21168],[-98.958475,34.213855],[-98.966302,34.201323],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.981364,34.217583],[-98.987294,34.221223],[-99.000761,34.217643],[-99.002916,34.208782],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-99.036273,34.206912],[-99.043471,34.198208],[-99.058084,34.200569],[-99.066465,34.208404],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.108758,34.203401],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.131885,34.207382],[-99.127525,34.213771],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.13822,34.219159],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.192104,34.216694],[-99.190146,34.22966],[-99.197153,34.244298],[-99.195605,34.280839],[-99.207561,34.283505],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.213476,34.310672],[-99.209724,34.324935],[-99.213135,34.340369],[-99.232606,34.34238],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.248969,34.375984],[-99.258696,34.372634],[-99.274926,34.384904],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.261321,34.403499],[-99.294648,34.415373],[-99.319606,34.408869],[-99.334037,34.427536],[-99.356713,34.442144],[-99.354837,34.449658],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.396902,34.418688],[-99.391492,34.405631],[-99.397253,34.377871],[-99.40296,34.373481],[-99.420432,34.380464],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.44076,34.374123],[-99.452648,34.388252],[-99.470969,34.396471],[-99.487219,34.397955],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.51428,34.414035],[-99.549242,34.412715],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.58006,34.416653],[-99.58448,34.407673],[-99.585442,34.388914],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.624197,34.373577],[-99.649662,34.379885],[-99.662705,34.37368],[-99.678283,34.379799],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.712682,34.390928],[-99.720259,34.406295],[-99.767234,34.430502],[-99.764882,34.435266],[-99.775743,34.444225],[-99.782986,34.444364],[-99.814313,34.476204],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.853066,34.511593],[-99.887147,34.549047],[-99.915771,34.565975],[-99.923211,34.574552],[-99.954567,34.578195],[-99.971555,34.562179],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-100.000406,36.499702],[-103.002434,36.500397],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9244e4b08c986b319dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, Leigh C.","contributorId":39379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Leigh","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wenger, L.M.","contributorId":46216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenger","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ging, T.","contributorId":88483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ging","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blount, C.W.","contributorId":63944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blount","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209197,"text":"70209197 - 1983 - The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T12:11:48","indexId":"70209197","displayToPublicDate":"1983-05-31T12:07:29","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds","docAbstract":"The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more of 68 species of wild and domestic birds was determined by standardized testing procedures. Red winged blackbirds were the most sensitive of the bird species tested on a large number of chemicals, and an index based on redwing toxicity and repellency may provide an appropriate indication of the probability of acute avian poisoning episodes. Avian repellency and toxicity were not positively correlated (i.e. toxicity varied independently with repellency).
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01059413","usgsCitation":"Schafer, E.W., Bowles, W.A., and Hurlbut, J., 1983, The acute oral toxicity, repellency, and hazard potential of 998 chemicals to one or more species of wild and domestic birds: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 12, no. 3, p. 355-382, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059413.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"382","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schafer, E. W. Jr.","contributorId":16024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schafer","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowles, W. A. Jr.","contributorId":223230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowles","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurlbut, J.","contributorId":223528,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurlbut","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011645,"text":"70011645 - 1983 - Latest Oligocene through early middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy of the eastern tropical Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T15:38:52.843465","indexId":"70011645","displayToPublicDate":"1983-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Oligocene through early middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy of the eastern tropical Pacific","docAbstract":"Study of DSDP Sites 71, 77, and 495 has allowed the development of a refined diatom biostratigraphy for the latest Oligocene through early middle Miocene of the eastern tropical Pacific which is well correlated to the low-latitude zonations for planktonic foraminifers, coccoliths, and radiolarians. Six zones and 7 subzones are proposed, and correlation with high-latitude diatoms zonations for the North Pacific, the Norwegian Sea, and the Southern Ocean is suggested by the discovery of selected diatoms in these tropical sediments which were previously thought to be restricted to high latitudes. Six new species and one new variety of diatoms which are stratigraphically useful are proposed: Actinocyclus hajosiae, n. sp., A. radionovae, n. sp., Coscinodiscus blysmos, n. sp., C. praenodulifer, n. sp., Craspedodiscus rydei, n. sp., Thalassiosira bukryi, n. sp., and Coscinodiscus lewisianus var. robustus n. var.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(83)90012-9","usgsCitation":"Barron, J.A., 1983, Latest Oligocene through early middle Miocene diatom biostratigraphy of the eastern tropical Pacific: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 7, no. 6, p. 487-515, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(83)90012-9.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"515","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502523,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":221378,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a457ce4b0c8380cd6736c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, John A.","contributorId":116559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223598,"text":"5223598 - 1983 - Nutritional value of the aril of Trichilia cuneata, a bird-dispersed fruit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T15:56:01.487883","indexId":"5223598","displayToPublicDate":"1983-03-01T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1045,"text":"Biotropica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Nutritional value of the aril of Trichilia cuneata, a bird-dispersed fruit","title":"Nutritional value of the aril of Trichilia cuneata, a bird-dispersed fruit","docAbstract":"Concerns about the efficiency and economic soundness of the Kansas groundwater monitoring program led to a systematic redesign of this network, a tentative phase of which is presented in this study. The objectives of this paper include monitoring of major aquifers within each groundwater management district at a spatially more uniform level of accuracy, elimination of redundant measurements and optimization of the information gained from each observation well. The theory of regionalized variables is employed to estimate the amount of spatial variability of the water table, on which the network design is based. This study shows that it is not practical to attempt to reduce the already existing level of uncertainty uniformly throughout the various districts; to do so would tremendously increase the cost of well monitoring, which is already very high. Assuming that the currently existing network is satisfactory for the State's objectives, a reduced network consisting of one well every 6.4 km is equally satisfactory. The reduced network yields district-wide maps that do not differ significantly from those produced using the present network and at the same time it reduces the already-existing network by 18–47%. Therefore, adoption of a rearranged square well network is recommended, which is reduced to a 6.4-km spacing to achieve both a uniform level of information about the water table and a minimum required accuracy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(83)90002-1","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Sophocleous, M., 1983, Groundwater observation network design for the Kansas groundwater management districts, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 61, no. 4, p. 371-389, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90002-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"389","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-99.541116,36.999573],[-99.648652,36.999604],[-99.657658,37.000197],[-99.875409,37.001659],[-99.995201,37.001631],[-100.115722,37.002206],[-100.193754,37.002133],[-100.552683,37.000735],[-100.734517,36.999059],[-100.756894,36.999357],[-100.855634,36.998626],[-100.904274,36.998745],[-100.945469,36.998153],[-101.012641,36.998176],[-101.359674,36.996232],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-101.904176,40.003162],[-101.841025,40.002784],[-101.409953,40.002354],[-101.324036,40.002696],[-100.937427,40.002145],[-100.75883,40.002302],[-100.66023,40.002162],[-100.645445,40.001883],[-100.196959,40.001494],[-99.990926,40.001503],[-99.948167,40.001813],[-99.930433,40.001516],[-99.813401,40.0014],[-99.772121,40.001804],[-99.756835,40.001342],[-99.746628,40.00182],[-99.49766,40.001912],[-99.423565,40.00227],[-99.412645,40.001868],[-99.282967,40.001879],[-99.018701,40.002333],[-98.710404,40.00218],[-98.690287,40.002548],[-98.652494,40.002245],[-98.64071,40.002493],[-98.560578,40.002274],[-98.274017,40.002516],[-98.250008,40.002307],[-98.193483,40.002614],[-98.099659,40.002227],[-97.838379,40.00191],[-97.777155,40.002167],[-97.510264,40.001835],[-97.369199,40.00206],[-97.20231,40.001442],[-97.142448,40.001495],[-97.137866,40.001814],[-97.049663,40.001323],[-96.916093,40.001506],[-96.622401,40.001158],[-96.610349,40.000881],[-96.467536,40.001035],[-96.125937,40.000432],[-96.02409,40.000719],[-95.30829,39.999998],[-95.308404,39.993758],[-95.30778,39.990618],[-95.307111,39.989114],[-95.302507,39.984357],[-95.289715,39.977706],[-95.274757,39.972115],[-95.269886,39.969396],[-95.261854,39.960618],[-95.257652,39.954886],[-95.250254,39.948644],[-95.241383,39.944949],[-95.236761,39.943931],[-95.231114,39.943784],[-95.220212,39.944433],[-95.21644,39.943953],[-95.213737,39.943206],[-95.204428,39.938949],[-95.201277,39.934194],[-95.20069,39.928155],[-95.20201,39.922438],[-95.205745,39.915169],[-95.206326,39.912121],[-95.206196,39.909557],[-95.205733,39.908275],[-95.201935,39.904053],[-95.199347,39.902709],[-95.193816,39.90069],[-95.189565,39.899959],[-95.179453,39.900062],[-95.172296,39.902026],[-95.159834,39.906984],[-95.156024,39.907243],[-95.149657,39.905948],[-95.146055,39.904183],[-95.143802,39.901918],[-95.142563,39.897992],[-95.142445,39.89542],[-95.143403,39.889356],[-95.142718,39.885889],[-95.140601,39.881688],[-95.137092,39.878351],[-95.134747,39.876852],[-95.128166,39.874165],[-95.105912,39.869164],[-95.090158,39.86314],[-95.085003,39.861883],[-95.081534,39.861718],[-95.052535,39.864374],[-95.042142,39.864805],[-95.037767,39.865542],[-95.032053,39.868337],[-95.027931,39.871522],[-95.025422,39.876711],[-95.025119,39.878833],[-95.025947,39.886747],[-95.02524,39.8897],[-95.024389,39.891202],[-95.018743,39.897372],[-95.013152,39.899953],[-95.00844,39.900596],[-95.003819,39.900401],[-94.990284,39.89701],[-94.986975,39.89667],[-94.977749,39.897472],[-94.963345,39.901136],[-94.959276,39.901671],[-94.95154,39.900533],[-94.943867,39.89813],[-94.934493,39.893366],[-94.929574,39.888754],[-94.927897,39.886112],[-94.927359,39.883966],[-94.927252,39.880258],[-94.928466,39.876344],[-94.931463,39.872602],[-94.938791,39.866954],[-94.940743,39.86441],[-94.942407,39.861066],[-94.942567,39.856602],[-94.939767,39.85193],[-94.937655,39.849786],[-94.92615,39.841322],[-94.916918,39.836138],[-94.909942,39.834426],[-94.903157,39.83385],[-94.892677,39.834378],[-94.889493,39.834026],[-94.886933,39.833098],[-94.881013,39.828922],[-94.878677,39.826522],[-94.877044,39.823754],[-94.876544,39.820594],[-94.875944,39.813294],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-94.880932,39.797338],[-94.884084,39.794234],[-94.890292,39.791626],[-94.892965,39.791098],[-94.925605,39.789754],[-94.929654,39.788282],[-94.932726,39.786282],[-94.935206,39.78313],[-94.935782,39.778906],[-94.935302,39.77561],[-94.934262,39.773642],[-94.929653,39.769098],[-94.926229,39.76649],[-94.916789,39.760938],[-94.912293,39.759338],[-94.906244,39.759418],[-94.899156,39.761258],[-94.895268,39.76321],[-94.883924,39.770186],[-94.88146,39.771258],[-94.871144,39.772994],[-94.869644,39.772894],[-94.867143,39.771694],[-94.865243,39.770094],[-94.863143,39.767294],[-94.860743,39.763094],[-94.859443,39.753694],[-94.860371,39.74953],[-94.862943,39.742994],[-94.870143,39.734594],[-94.875643,39.730494],[-94.884143,39.726794],[-94.891744,39.724894],[-94.899316,39.724042],[-94.902612,39.724202],[-94.910068,39.725786],[-94.918324,39.728794],[-94.930005,39.73537],[-94.939221,39.741578],[-94.944741,39.744377],[-94.948726,39.745593],[-94.95263,39.745961],[-94.955286,39.745689],[-94.960086,39.743065],[-94.965318,39.739065],[-94.970422,39.732121],[-94.971206,39.729305],[-94.971078,39.723146],[-94.968453,39.707402],[-94.968981,39.692954],[-94.969909,39.68905],[-94.971317,39.68641],[-94.976325,39.68137],[-94.981557,39.678634],[-94.984149,39.67785],[-94.993557,39.67657],[-95.001379,39.676479],[-95.009023,39.675765],[-95.01531,39.674262],[-95.018318,39.672869],[-95.024595,39.668485],[-95.027644,39.665454],[-95.037464,39.652905],[-95.039049,39.649639],[-95.044554,39.64437],[-95.049518,39.637876],[-95.053367,39.630347],[-95.054925,39.624995],[-95.055152,39.621657],[-95.053012,39.613965],[-95.047911,39.606288],[-95.046445,39.601606],[-95.046361,39.599557],[-95.047165,39.595117],[-95.049277,39.589583],[-95.054804,39.582488],[-95.056897,39.580567],[-95.059519,39.579132],[-95.064519,39.577115],[-95.069315,39.576218],[-95.07216,39.576122],[-95.076688,39.576764],[-95.089515,39.581028],[-95.095736,39.580618],[-95.099095,39.579691],[-95.103228,39.577783],[-95.106406,39.575252],[-95.107454,39.573843],[-95.113077,39.559133],[-95.113557,39.553941],[-95.109304,39.542285],[-95.106596,39.537657],[-95.102888,39.533347],[-95.092704,39.524241],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-95.077441,39.513552],[-95.059461,39.506143],[-95.05638,39.503972],[-95.052177,39.499996],[-95.050552,39.497514],[-95.049845,39.494415],[-95.04837,39.48042],[-95.047133,39.474971],[-95.045716,39.472459],[-95.04078,39.466387],[-95.0375,39.463689],[-95.033408,39.460876],[-95.028498,39.458287],[-95.015825,39.452809],[-94.995768,39.448174],[-94.990172,39.446192],[-94.982144,39.440552],[-94.978798,39.436241],[-94.976606,39.426701],[-94.972952,39.421705],[-94.966066,39.417288],[-94.954817,39.413844],[-94.951209,39.411707],[-94.947864,39.408604],[-94.946293,39.405646],[-94.946662,39.399717],[-94.946227,39.395648],[-94.945577,39.393851],[-94.942039,39.389499],[-94.937158,39.386531],[-94.933652,39.385546],[-94.92311,39.384492],[-94.919225,39.385174],[-94.915859,39.386348],[-94.909581,39.388865],[-94.901823,39.392798],[-94.894979,39.393565],[-94.891845,39.393313],[-94.888972,39.392432],[-94.885026,39.389801],[-94.880979,39.383899],[-94.879281,39.37978],[-94.879088,39.375703],[-94.88136,39.370383],[-94.885216,39.366911],[-94.890928,39.364031],[-94.896832,39.363135],[-94.899024,39.362431],[-94.902497,39.360383],[-94.907297,39.356735],[-94.909409,39.354255],[-94.910017,39.352543],[-94.910641,39.348335],[-94.908065,39.323663],[-94.905329,39.311952],[-94.903137,39.306272],[-94.900049,39.300192],[-94.895217,39.294208],[-94.887056,39.28648],[-94.882576,39.283328],[-94.87832,39.281136],[-94.867568,39.277841],[-94.857072,39.273825],[-94.84632,39.268481],[-94.837855,39.262417],[-94.831471,39.256273],[-94.827487,39.249889],[-94.825663,39.241729],[-94.826111,39.238289],[-94.827791,39.234001],[-94.834896,39.223842],[-94.835056,39.220658],[-94.833552,39.217794],[-94.831679,39.215938],[-94.823791,39.209874],[-94.820687,39.208626],[-94.811663,39.206594],[-94.799663,39.206018],[-94.787343,39.207666],[-94.783838,39.207154],[-94.781518,39.206146],[-94.777838,39.203522],[-94.775543,39.200609],[-94.770338,39.190002],[-94.763138,39.179903],[-94.752338,39.173203],[-94.741938,39.170203],[-94.736537,39.169203],[-94.723637,39.169003],[-94.714137,39.170403],[-94.696332,39.178563],[-94.687236,39.183503],[-94.680336,39.184303],[-94.669135,39.182003],[-94.663835,39.179103],[-94.660315,39.168051],[-94.662435,39.157603],[-94.650735,39.154103],[-94.640035,39.153103],[-94.623934,39.156603],[-94.615834,39.160003],[-94.608834,39.160503],[-94.601733,39.159603],[-94.596033,39.157703],[-94.591933,39.155003],[-94.589933,39.140403],[-94.592533,39.135903],[-94.600434,39.128503],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-94.607034,39.119404],[-94.607354,39.113444],[-94.607234,39.065704],[-94.608334,38.981806],[-94.608134,38.940006],[-94.607866,38.937398],[-94.608033,38.847207],[-94.607625,38.82756],[-94.611602,38.635384],[-94.611465,38.625011],[-94.611858,38.620485],[-94.611887,38.580139],[-94.612176,38.576546],[-94.612157,38.549817],[-94.613365,38.403422],[-94.613312,38.364407],[-94.612673,38.314832],[-94.612658,38.217649],[-94.613856,38.149769],[-94.614212,37.992462],[-94.614465,37.987799],[-94.614612,37.944362],[-94.617721,37.77297],[-94.617975,37.722176],[-94.617651,37.687671],[-94.617885,37.682214],[-94.616789,37.52151],[-94.618505,37.181184],[-94.617875,37.056798],[-94.61808,36.998135],[-94.625224,36.998672],[-94.83128,36.998812],[-95.049499,36.99958],[-95.80798,36.999124],[-95.91018,36.999336],[-96.00081,36.99886],[-96.394272,36.999221],[-96.500288,36.998643],[-96.73659,36.999286],[-96.749838,36.998988],[-96.79206,36.99918],[-96.795199,36.99886],[-96.822791,36.999182],[-96.87629,36.999233],[-97.46228,36.998685],[-97.606549,36.998682],[-97.637137,36.99909],[-98.219499,36.997824],[-98.354073,36.997961],[-98.408991,36.998513],[-98.544872,36.998997],[-98.714512,36.99906],[-98.761597,36.999425],[-98.880009,36.999263],[-99.029337,36.999595],[-99.049695,36.999221],[-99.277506,36.999579],[-99.375391,37.000177],[-99.407015,36.999579],[-99.541116,36.999573]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kansas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2dade4b0c8380cd5bfa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sophocleous, M.","contributorId":13373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sophocleous","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011598,"text":"70011598 - 1983 - A system for measuring bottom profile, waves and currents in the high-energy nearshore environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T16:37:20.035726","indexId":"70011598","displayToPublicDate":"1983-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A system for measuring bottom profile, waves and currents in the high-energy nearshore environment","docAbstract":"A new data-acquisition system capable of measuring waves, currents and the nearshore profile in breaking waves as high as 5 m has been developed and successfully field-tested. Components of the mechanical system are a sled carrying a vertical mast, a double-drum winch placed landward of the beach, and a line that runs from one drum of the winch around three blocks, which are the corners of a right triangle, to the other drum of the winch. The sled is attached to the shore-normal side of the triangular line arrangement and is pulled offshore by one drum of the winch and onshore by the other. The profile is measured as the sled is towed along the shore-normal transect using an infrared rangefinder mounted landward of the winch and optical prisms mounted on top of the sled's mast. A pressure sensor and two-axis electromagnetic current meter are mounted on the frame of the sled. These data are encoded on the sled and telemetered to a receiving/recording station onshore. Preliminary results suggest that near-bottom offshore-flowing currents during periods of high-energy swell are important in forcing changes to the configuration of the nearshore profile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(83)90089-0","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A., Howard, P., Fletcher, C., and Howd, P., 1983, A system for measuring bottom profile, waves and currents in the high-energy nearshore environment: Marine Geology, v. 51, no. 1-2, p. 63-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(83)90089-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"63","endPage":"76","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221765,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5e7e4b0c8380cd47010","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, Asbury H. Jr.","contributorId":27458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"Asbury H.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howard, P.C.","contributorId":8994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fletcher, C.H. III","contributorId":85721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"C.H.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howd, P.A.","contributorId":103793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howd","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70207692,"text":"70207692 - 1983 - Wandering terranes in southern Alaska: The Aleutia Microplate and implications for the Bering Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-15T14:48:59.025885","indexId":"70207692","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-06T14:22:15","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wandering terranes in southern Alaska: The Aleutia Microplate and implications for the Bering Sea","docAbstract":"Paleomagnetic and geological data suggest that much of southern Alaska is a collage of tectonostratigraphic terranes which originated in Mesozoic time at paleolatitudes far south of their present position. The time of ‘docking’ of the terranes against cratonic Alaska is critical to defining their amalgamated size and extent during their northward motion as well as their role in the evolution of the Bering Sea. One of the largest of the tectonostratigraphic terranes, the Peninsular terrane of south central and southwestern Alaska, extends offshore along the outer Bering Sea continental margin (Beringia). Paleomagnetic data suggest that this terrane has moved northward through all of Cenozoic time, but geologic data imply that the terrane had accreted to Alaska by the end of the Mesozoic. In early Cenozoic time the eastern part of the Aleutian arc appears to have been superimposed on the Peninsular terrane, and postulated northward Cenozoic motion of the terrane would therefore have required northward motion of the arc. Two accretion models, based on docking times for terranes in Alaska, are proposed, and they illustrate that large areas of the abyssal Bering Sea, the Alaska Peninsula, the Aleutian arc, and the Beringian continental margin may be part of a superterrane or microplate called Aleutia (microplate as defined by Beck et al. (1980), i.e., a microplate is a displaced segment of lithosphere that has crustal roots, whereas a superterrane is an amalgamation of terranes which may or may not be rootless). Model A implies that the Aleutian arc developed in situ on the southern edge of Aleutia after the microplate had docked. In model B, the final docking time of the Peninsular terrane is late Cenozoic, which implies that the Aleutia microplate encompasses a mammoth area that includes parts of southern Alaska, the Alaska Peninsula, the southern Beringian margin, the abyssal Bering Sea (Kula plate), and the Aleutian arc. If model A is correct, the docking time of the Peninsular terrane is late Mesozoic or earliest Tertiary. The Aleutia microplate in this model is made up solely of the abyssal Bering Sea (Kula plate), which presumably docked at the same time or slightly after the Peninsular terrane accreted against Alaska. If model B is correct, that is, if the Aleutia collided with nuclear Alaska during the Cenozoic, then a late Cenozoic suture zone, the vestige of a large open sea that must have closed between Aleutia and Alaska, must exist in south central and southwest Alaska. Either evidence for Cenozoic closure and suturing has been obliterated in Alaska or the inferences of Cenozoic terrane motion derived from paleomagnetic data are suspect.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB04p03439","usgsCitation":"Marlow, M.S., and Cooper, A.K., 1983, Wandering terranes in southern Alaska: The Aleutia Microplate and implications for the Bering Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B4, p. 3439-3446, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB04p03439.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3439","endPage":"3446","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southern Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.51953124999997,\n 57.70414723434193\n ],\n [\n -173.49609375,\n 57.088515327886505\n ],\n [\n -169.1015625,\n 52.64306343665892\n ],\n [\n -159.2578125,\n 53.4357192066942\n ],\n [\n -155.830078125,\n 56.84897198026975\n ],\n [\n -162.7734375,\n 58.07787626787517\n ],\n [\n -167.51953124999997,\n 57.70414723434193\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cooper, Alan K. acooper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"Alan","email":"acooper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221874,"text":"5221874 - 1983 - Lead accumulation and depression of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in young birds fed automotive waste oil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T17:09:11.219958","indexId":"5221874","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T12:19:34","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lead accumulation and depression of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in young birds fed automotive waste oil","docAbstract":"The effects of a 3-week dietary exposure to automotive waste crankcase oil (WCO) were examined in 1-week-old mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings and pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) chicks. Treatment groups consisted of birds exposed to 0.5, 1.5, or 4.5% WCO, to 4.5% clean crankcase oil (CCO), or untreated controls. In both species, red blood cell ALAD activity was significantly inhibited after one week by 50 to 60% in the 0.5% WCO group and by 85 to 90% in the 4.5% WCO group due to the presence of lead. Growth, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were not significantly affected at the end of three weeks. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was higher in mallards after three weeks of ingesting either 4.5% WCO or 4.5% CCO, suggesting an oil-related effect due to components other than lead. Treatment had no effect on plasma concentration of uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, total protein, or cholesterol. Lead analysis showed the WCO to contain 4,200 ppm Pb and the CCO to contain 2 ppm. Tissues of mallards were examined for accumulation of lead and the order of accumulation at the end of three weeks was kidney > liver > blood ∼ brain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01054998","usgsCitation":"Eastin, W.C., Hoffman, D.J., and O’Leary, C.T., 1983, Lead accumulation and depression of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in young birds fed automotive waste oil: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 31-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054998.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"35","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8952","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eastin, W. C. Jr.","contributorId":6147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastin","given":"W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Leary, C. T.","contributorId":36241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011257,"text":"70011257 - 1983 - Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T12:32:31.770285","indexId":"70011257","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleohydraulic reconstruction of flash- flood peaks from boulder deposits in the Colorado Front Range","docAbstract":"Nine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range with steep bedrock channels were used to test the accuracy of paleohydraulic reconstruction of large flash floods using boulder deposits. The nine basins consist of eight small ungauged basins ranging in size from 1.6 to 29 km2 and the Big Thompson River at the mouth of the Big Thompson Canyon, draining 790 km2. Between 1923 and 1976, all nine basins had had one catastrophic flash flood, the magnitude of which has been estimated by the conventional slope-area method.
In each basin, coarse boulder deposits of the large flash floods were identified, and three axes of the five largest boulders were measured, along with at least two profiles of the valley cross section. A simple arithmetic average of two theoretical and two empirical relationships was used to estimate average flood velocity using boulder size and shape. Average depth was estimated as the arithmetic average of four values computed from the Manning equation, a regression equation for boulder size and unit stream power, a relative smoothness equation, and a modified Shields' relationship. The appropriate flood width for the estimated average depth was found by iteration, using the valley cross sections.
The paleohydraulic discharges thus computed generally underestimate conventional slope-area discharge estimates on small streams by as much as 75%, although the average amount is only 28% too low, and the reconstructed discharge in one stream was 31% too large. The Big Thompson River flood of 1976 was overestimated by 76%. Reasons for discrepancy in reconstructed peaks could include (1) the possibility that floods may have been able to move boulders larger than those available to be moved; (2) overestimation of the slope-area discharge because high-water marks were set prior to erosion of the channel; (3) underestimation of original roughness coefficients; and (4) macroturbulent effects during fast, deep flows.
The paleohydraulic technique is applied to two other streams in Colorado with sedimentological evidence of large flash floods, but no conventional indirect discharge estimates. A small tributary to the Big Thompson River draining 1.8 km2 has a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of about 60 m3/s from a flood in 1976. Using boulders excavated from a foundation site in Holocene alluvium along Boulder Creek in Boulder, Colorado, a paleohydraulic reconstructed flood peak of between 860 and 1,512 m3/s is calculated. This is 1.4 to 2.4 times the magnitude of the estimated 500-yr flood.
The analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982, has important implications for the evaluation of seismic hazards in eastern North America. Although moderate in size (mb 5.7), it was well-recorded teleseismically. Source characteristics of this earthquake have been determined from analysis of data that were digitally recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network. From broadband displacement and velocity records of P waves, we have obtained a dynamic description of the rupture process as well as conventional static properties of the source. The depth of the hypocenter is estimated to be 9 km from depth phases. The focal mechanism determined from the broadband data corresponds to predominantly thrust faulting. From the variation in the waveforms the direction of slip is inferred to be updip on a west dipping NNE striking fault plane. The steep dip of the inferred fault plane suggests that the earthquake occurred on a preexisting fault that was at one time a normal fault. From an inversion of bodywave pulse durations, the estimated rupture length is 5.5 km. Average properties of the rupture process were examined by a moment tensor analysis of long-period P and SH body waves. The long-period moment of this earthquake was 5.3 × 1024 dyne cm. The static and dynamic stress drops are 41 and 65 bars, respectively, similar to those of many earthquakes with similar moment in regions that are more seismically active. The joint epicenter determination algorithm was used to locate, relative to the mainshock, the three teleseismically recorded aftershocks that occurred through March 31, 1982. The relocated hypocenters of the aftershocks are significantly different from each other and from that of the mainshock; they provide additional support for the source dimensions inferred from the waveform analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02199","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Choy, G.L., Boatwright, J., Dewey, J.W., and Sipkin, S., 1983, A teleseismic analysis of the New Brunswick earthquake of January 9, 1982: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2199-2212, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02199.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2199","endPage":"2212","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5f3e4b0c8380cd47056","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, G. L. 0000-0002-0217-5555","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-5555","contributorId":78322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, J.","contributorId":87297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dewey, J. W.","contributorId":31008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dewey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011583,"text":"70011583 - 1983 - A reconnaissance geochemical study of La Primavera geothermal area, Jalisco, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70011583","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reconnaissance geochemical study of La Primavera geothermal area, Jalisco, Mexico","docAbstract":"The Sierra La Primavera, a late Pleistocene rhyolitic caldera complex in Jalisco, Me??xico, contains fumaroles and large-discharge 65??C hot springs that are associated with faults related to caldera collapse and to later magma insurgence. The nearly-neutral, sodium bicarbonate, hot springs occur at low elevations at the margins of the complex, whereas the water-rich fumaroles are high and central. The Comisio??n Federal de Electricidad de Me??xico (CFE) has recently drilled two deep holes at the center of the Sierra (PR-1 and Pr-2) and one deep hole at the western margin. Temperatures as high as 285??C were encountered at 1160 m in PR-1, which produced fluids with 820 to 865 mg/kg chloride after flashing to one atmosphere. Nearby, PR-2 encountered temperatures to 307??C at 2000 m and yielded fluids with chloride contents fluctuating between 1100 and 1560 mg/kg after flashing. Neither of the high-temperature wells produced steam in commercial quantities. The well at the western margin of the Sierra produced fluids similar to those from the hot springs. The temperature reached a maximum of 100??C near the surface and decreased to 80??C at 2000 m. Various geothermometers (quartz conductive, Na/K, Na-K-Ca, ??18O(SO4-H2O) and D/H (steam-water) all yield temperatures of 170 ?? 20??C when applied to the hot spring waters, suggesting that these spring waters flow from a large shallow reservoir at this temperature. Because the hot springs are much less saline than the fluids recovered in PR-1 and PR-2, the mixed fluid in the shallow reservoir can contain no more than 10-20% deep fluid. This requires that most of the heat is transferred by steam. There is probably a thin vapor-dominated zone in the central part of the Sierra, through which steam and gases are transferred to the overlying shallow reservoir. Fluids from this reservoir cool from ???170??C to 65??C by conduction during the 5-7 km of lateral flow to the hot springs. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Mahood, G., Truesdell, A., and Templos, M., 1983, A reconnaissance geochemical study of La Primavera geothermal area, Jalisco, Mexico: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 16, no. 3-4, p. 247-261.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221533,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e532e4b0c8380cd46bda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahood, G.A.","contributorId":81637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahood","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":361459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Templos, M.L.A.","contributorId":67656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templos","given":"M.L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011567,"text":"70011567 - 1983 - The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70011567","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada","docAbstract":"A geochemically and mineralogically diverse group of granitoids is present within an area of 900 km2 in the southern Snake Range of eastern Nevada. The granitoids exposed range in age from Jurassic through Cretaceous to Oligocene and include two calcic intrusions, two different types of two-mica granites, and aplites. The younger intrusions appear to have been emplaced at progressively more shallow depths. All of these granitoid types are represented elsewhere in the eastern Great Basin, but the southern Snake Range is distinguished by the grouping of all these types within a relatively small area. The Jurassic calcic pluton of the Snake Creek-Williams Canyon area displays large and systematic chemical and mineralogical zonation over a horizontal distance of five km. Although major element variations in the pluton compare closely with Daly's average andesite-dacite-rhyolite over an SiO2 range of 63 to 76 percent, trace element (Rb, Sr, Ba) variations show that the zonation is the result of in situ fractional crystallization, with the formation of relatively mafic cumulates on at least one wall of the magma chamber. Models of trace element and isotopic data indicate that relatively little assimilation took place at the level of crystallization. Nonetheless, an initial 87Sr/86Sr value of 0.7071 and ??18O values of 10.2 to 12.2 permil suggest a lower crustal magma that was contaminated by upper crustal clastic sedimentary rocks before crystallization. The involvement of mantle-derived magmas in its genesis is difficult to rule out. Two other Jurassic plutons show isotopic and chemical similarities to the Snake Creek-Williams Canyon pluton. Cretaceous granites from eastern Nevada that contain phenocrystic muscovite are strongly peraluminous, and have high initial Sr-isotope ratios and other features characteristic of S-type granitoids. They were probably derived from Proterozoic metasediments and granite gneisses that comprise the middle crust of this region. Another group of granitoids (including the Tertiary aplites) show chemical, mineralogic, and isotopic characteristics intermediate between the first two groups and may have been derived by contamination of magmas from the lower crust by the midcrustal metasediments. ?? 1983 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00373083","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Lee, D.E., and Christiansen, E.H., 1983, The granite problem as exposed in the southern Snake Range, Nevada: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 83, no. 1-2, p. 99-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373083.","startPage":"99","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205101,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373083"}],"volume":"83","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac94e4b08c986b3235c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, D. E.","contributorId":96705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, E. H.","contributorId":65077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011422,"text":"70011422 - 1983 - Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O II: Differential thermal analysis of the halite liquidus in the NaCl-H2O binary above 450°c","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-05T14:08:31","indexId":"70011422","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O II: Differential thermal analysis of the halite liquidus in the NaCl-H2O binary above 450°c","docAbstract":"Thermal analysis of the halite liquidus in the system NaCl-H2O has been conducted for NaCl mole fractions (XNaCl) greater than 0.25 (i.e., > 50 wt. % NaCl) at pressures between 0.3 and 4.1 kb and temperatures greater than 450°C. The position of the liquidus was located by differential thermal analysis (DTA) of cooling scans only, as heating scans did not produce definitive DTA peaks. The dP/dT slope of the liquidus is positive and steep at high pressures, but at high XNaCl, and pressures below 0.5 kb it appears to reverse slope and intersects the three-phase curve (liquid-halite-vapour) at a shallow angle. However, due to the complex nature of the DTA signal when P <- 0.5 kb, there is considerable doubt about exactly what event has been recorded in the experiments conducted at these low pressures.
\nThe solubility of halite can be expressed as a function of the mole-fractional-based activity of NaCl in the liquid phase (L) in temperature (T, °K) and pressure (P, bars) In ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703783901527-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
Our liquidus data (based on 10 compositions) above 500 bars for these brines were combined with this equation to generate activity coefficients of NaCl which were fit within their experimental uncertainties to the following one parameter Margules equation In ![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703783901527-si2.gif\" "\\"\\"")
. Concentrated solutions of NaCl show negative deviations from ideality which rapidly increase in magnitude with decreasing XNaCl.
The physical characteristics of mountain streams differ from the uniform and conceptually well- defined open channels for which the analysis of solute transport has been oriented in the past and is now well understood. These physical conditions significantly influence solute transport behavior, as demonstrated by a transient storage model simulation of solute transport in a very small (0.0125 m3s−1) mountain pool-and-riffle stream. The application is to a carefully controlled and intensively monitored chloride injection experiment. The data from the experiment are not explained by the standard convection-dispersion mechanisms alone. A transient storage model, which couples dead zones with the one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation, simulates the general characteristics of the solute transport behavior and a set of simulation parameters were determined that yield an adequate fit to the data. However, considerable uncertainty remains in determining physically realistic values of these parameters. The values of the simulation parameters used are compared to values used by other authors for other streams. The comparison supports, at least qualitatively, the determined parameter values.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i003p00718","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., and Walters, R.A., 1983, Simulation of solute transport in a mountain pool-and-riffle stream: A transient storage model: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 3, p. 718-724, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i003p00718.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"724","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9084e4b08c986b319558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":361036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":361035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011392,"text":"70011392 - 1983 - Strangways Crater, Northern Territory, Australia: Siderophile element enrichment and lithophile element fractionation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-28T16:55:13.315041","indexId":"70011392","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strangways Crater, Northern Territory, Australia: Siderophile element enrichment and lithophile element fractionation","docAbstract":"The Strangways Crater, Northern Territory, Australia (15°12′S, 133°35′E), has a central core, about 10 km in diameter, of shocked granitic gneiss and amphibolite, and some remnants of a melt rock sheet, surrounded by outer rings of quartzite and siltstone to a diameter of 20–25 km. Seven samples of melt rock (six granitic melts, one shale melt clast) and four samples of country rock (granitic gneiss, amphibolite, shale, quartzite) were analyzed by neutron-activation analysis: for Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Rb, Zr, Sb, Cs, Ba, rare earth elements, Hf, Ta, Th, and U, the samples were analyzed instrumentally; and for Ni, Se, Pd, Ag, Cd, Re, Os, Ir, and Au, they were analyzed radiochemically. Siderophile elements are significantly enriched in the granitic melt rocks relative to country rocks; for example, the Ir enrichments range from 0.6 to 2.8 ppb. The low Ir/Ni ratio (∼0.16 relative to C1 chondrites) excludes a chondritic impacting body, and Cr enrichment argues against impact by an iron meteorite. The Strangways Crater may have been formed by the impact of an olivine-rich achondrite and melt rocks appear to contain about 3 wt.% of projectile material. The composition of the granitic melt rocks cannot be reproduced by any simple mixture of analyzed country rock types and chemical fractionation by selective shock melting appears to have taken place.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iS02p0A819","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Morgan, J.W., and Wandless, G., 1983, Strangways Crater, Northern Territory, Australia: Siderophile element enrichment and lithophile element fractionation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. S02, p. A819-A829, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iS02p0A819.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"A819","endPage":"A829","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221660,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b989de4b08c986b31c0d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, J. W.","contributorId":92384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandless, G.A.","contributorId":107716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011389,"text":"70011389 - 1983 - Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:31:48.095816","indexId":"70011389","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of two lacustrine ostracode species to solute composition and salinity: Implications for paleohydrochemistry ( Limnocythere sappaensis/staplini)","docAbstract":"Nonmarine ostracode species are indicative of the physical and chemical nature of lacustrine environments. Although salinity has traditionally been regarded as one of the more important parameters that affect the occurrence patterns of lacustrine ostracodes, examination of the solute composition and salinities of the lakes where Limnocythere sappaensis and L. staplini live reveals that solute composition and not salinity is the most critical factor that controls their occurrence. The occurrence of these taxa in the modern world is mutually exclusive. L. sappaensis lives in water that is enriched in Na+-HCO3−- and depleted in Ca2+. L. staplini lives in water that is enriched in various combinations of Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+-
-Cl− and is depleted in HCO3. These solute compositions are the product of the mineral fractionation processes described by Eugster and Hardie. The positive correlation between these two species occurrences and the mineralogic fractionation processes suggests that these taxa may be used as reliable paleohydrochemical indicators. Studies in progress dealing with other ostracode taxa suggest that saline lacustrine ostracodes can provide a precise method for reconstructing paleohydrochemistry.
New investigations of the geology of Crater Lake National Park necessitate a reinterpretation of the eruptive history of Mount Mazama and of the formation of Crater Lake caldera. Mount Mazama consisted of a glaciated complex of overlapping shields and stratovolcanoes, each of which was probably active for a comparatively short interval. All the Mazama magmas apparently evolved within thermally and compositionally zoned crustal magma reservoirs, which reached their maximum volume and degree of differentiation in the climactic magma chamber ∼ 7000 yr B.P.
The history displayed in the caldera walls begins with construction of the andesitic Phantom Cone ∼ 400,000 yr B.P. Subsequently, at least 6 major centers erupted combinations of mafic andesite, andesite, or dacite before initiation of the Wisconsin Glaciation ∼ 75,000 yr B.P. Eruption of andesitic and dacitic lavas from 5 or more discrete centers, as well as an episode of dacitic pyroclastic activity, occurred until ∼ 50,000 yr B.P.; by that time, intermediate lava had been erupted at several short-lived vents. Concurrently, and probably during much of the Pleistocene, basaltic to mafic andesitic monogenetic vents built cinder cones and erupted local lava flows low on the flanks of Mount Mazama. Basaltic magma from one of these vents, Forgotten Crater, intercepted the margin of the zoned intermediate to silicic magmatic system and caused eruption of commingled andesitic and dacitic lava along a radial trend sometime between ∼ 22,000 and ∼ 30,000 yr B.P. Dacitic deposits between 22,000 and 50,000 yr old appear to record emplacement of domes high on the south slope. A line of silicic domes that may be between 22,000 and 30,000 yr old, northeast of and radial to the caldera, and a single dome on the north wall were probably fed by the same developing magma chamber as the dacitic lavas of the Forgotten Crater complex. The dacitic Palisade flow on the northeast wall is ∼ 25,000 yr old. These relatively silicic lavas commonly contain traces of hornblende and record early stages in the development of the climatic magma chamber.
Some 15,000 to 40,000 yr were apparently needed for development of the climactic magma chamber, which had begun to leak rhyodacitic magma by 7015 ± 45 yr B.P. Four rhyodacitic lava flows and associated tephras were emplaced from an arcuate array of vents north of the summit of Mount Mazama, during a period of ∼ 200 yr before the climactic eruption. The climactic eruption began 6845 ± 50 yr B.P. with voluminous airfall deposition from a high column, perhaps because ejection of ∼ 4−12 km3 of magma to form the lava flows and tephras depressurized the top of the system to the point where vesiculation at depth could sustain a Plinian column. Ejecta of this phase issued from a single vent north of the main Mazama edifice but within the area in which the caldera later formed. The Wineglass Welded Tuff of Williams (1942) is the proximal featheredge of thicker ash-flow deposits downslope to the north, northeast, and east of Mount Mazama and was deposited during the single-vent phase, after collapse of the high column, by ash flows that followed topographic depressions. Approximately 30 km3 of rhyodacitic magma were expelled before collapse of the roof of the magma chamber and inception of caldera formation ended the single-vent phase. Ash flows of the ensuing ring-vent phase erupted from multiple vents as the caldera collapsed. These ash flows surmounted virtually all topographic barriers, caused significant erosion, and produced voluminous deposits zoned from rhyodacite to mafic andesite. The entire climactic eruption and caldera formation were over before the youngest rhyodacitic lava flow had cooled completely, because all the climactic deposits are cut by fumaroles that originated within the underlying lava, and part of the flow oozed down the caldera wall.
A total of ∼ 51−59 km3 of magma was ejected in the precursory and climactic eruptions, and ∼ 40−52 km3 of Mount Mazama was lost by caldera formation. The spectacular compositional zonation shown by the climactic ejecta — rhyodacite followed by subordinate andesite and mafic andesite — reflects partial emptying of a zoned system, halted when the crystal-rich magma became too viscous for explosive fragmentation. This zonation was probably brought about by convective separation of low-density, evolved magma from underlying mafic magma. Confinement of postclimactic eruptive activity to the caldera attests to continuing existence of the Mazama magmatic system.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(83)90004-5","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Bacon, C., 1983, Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Cascade Range, U.S.A.: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 18, no. 1-4, p. 57-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(83)90004-5.","productDescription":"59 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Cascade Range","volume":"18","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a57e4b0c8380cd522f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":360936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}