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,{"id":30071,"text":"wri7788 - 1977 - Hydrology of Lake Panasoffkee, Sumter County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-25T16:28:41","indexId":"wri7788","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-88","title":"Hydrology of Lake Panasoffkee, Sumter County, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>Lake Panasoffkee, in midwest Sumter County of central Florida, receives water from three creeks and discharges water through Outlet River at an average daily rate of 207 cubic feet per second. The eastern shore of the lake is marsh and wooded swamp with inflow to the lake coming from the northeast and southeast. About 15 percent of the basin contributes surface water to the lake and about 50 percent of the 420-square-mile topographic drainage basin contributes ground water to the lake. The water from the remainder of the basin either evaporates from low areas or directly recharges the Floridan aquifer for discharge outside the basin. The maximum stage on record is 44.28 feet above mean sea level and the minimum stage on record is 37.65 feet above. The lake level is partly affected by the Wysong Dam and has stabilized in recent years at about 40.95 feet above mean sea level. The quality of the water is generally good. The lake supports a favorably balanced fish population even though minor fish kills were reported in 1973 and 1974. These kills were probably the result of algal blooms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7788","usgsCitation":"Taylor, G., 1977, Hydrology of Lake Panasoffkee, Sumter County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-88, 1 Plate: 37.03 x 26.10 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7788.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.03 x 26.10 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0088/report-thumb.jpg","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":355975,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0088/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Sumter County","otherGeospatial":"Lake Panasoffkee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.18597412109375,\n              28.75742632675056\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.06581115722656,\n              28.75742632675056\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.06581115722656,\n              28.87774838672653\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.18597412109375,\n              28.87774838672653\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.18597412109375,\n              28.75742632675056\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, G.F.","contributorId":6486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8675,"text":"ofr77487 - 1977 - Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8675,"text":"ofr77487 - 1977 - Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma","indexId":"ofr77487","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046142,"text":"70046142 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"70046142","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70046142,"text":"70046142 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water","indexId":"70046142","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Geohydrology of the Vamoosa-Ada aquifer east-central Oklahoma with a section on chemical quality of water"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T07:58:43","indexId":"ofr77487","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-487","title":"Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma","docAbstract":"<p>Most of the data presented in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of a study of the geohydrology of the Vamoosa aquifer, in east-central Oklahoma, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Geological Survey. Some of the data listed in the tables were collected by Bingham and Moore (1975) and Bingham and Bergman (in press).</p><p>Acknowledgment is extended to city officials and individuals who provided the data for this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77487","usgsCitation":"D’Lugosz, J.J., and McClaflin, R.G., 1977, Hydrologic data for the Vamoosa Aquifer, east-central Oklahoma: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-487, iii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77487.","productDescription":"iii, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":142224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0487/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346195,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0487/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Vamoosa 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Joseph J.","contributorId":71172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D’Lugosz","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McClaflin, Roger G.","contributorId":50157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McClaflin","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":8823,"text":"ofr77136 - 1977 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":8823,"text":"ofr77136 - 1977 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"ofr77136","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70047582,"text":"70047582 - 1978 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"70047582","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":70047582,"text":"70047582 - 1978 - Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","indexId":"70047582","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-25T18:14:13.131377","indexId":"ofr77136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-136","title":"Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Lower Cook Inlet is located in south-central Alaska between lat 58°45' and 60°30' N. and between long 151° and 154° W. (fig. 1). Geographic features on the perimeter of the area are the Aleutian Range on the northwest, Kalgin Island on the northeast, the Kenai Peninsula on the east, the Barren Islands on the southeast, and the Kamishak Hills-Cape Douglas area on the south. Augustine Island, a prominent active composite volcano, is in the southwestern part of lower Cook Inlet. Lower Cook Inlet is part of a large bay that is nearly surrounded by mountains except where it opens southeastward into the Gulf of Alaska and southward into Shelikof Strait. In anticipation of oil and gas lease sales in lower Cook Inlet, the U.S. Geological Survey acquired geological and geophysical data to study the geologic framework and petroleum geology of this area. These data were included in the lower Cook Inlet environmental impact statements (Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Office, 1976a, b) and are being made available to other government agencies and the public.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77136","usgsCitation":"Fisher, M.A., and Magoon, L.B., 1977, Geologic framework of lower Cook Inlet, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-136, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77136.","productDescription":"73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":426976,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.1402801546936,\n              59.832636487498206\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.1402801546936,\n              58.700441131804695\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.0271083182426,\n              58.700441131804695\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.0271083182426,\n              59.832636487498206\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.1402801546936,\n              59.832636487498206\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b16e4b07f02db6a56bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Michael A. mfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":1991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Michael","email":"mfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":158390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":158391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4302,"text":"cir750 - 1977 - Geological studies on the COST No. B-2 well, U. S. Mid-Atlantic outer continental shelf area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"750","title":"Geological studies on the COST No. B-2 well, U. S. Mid-Atlantic outer continental shelf area","docAbstract":"The COST No. B-2 well is the first deep stratigraphic test to be drilled on the United States Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf (AOCS) area. The well was drilled on the eastern flank of the Baltimore Canyon trough to a total depth of 16,043 feet; it penetrated a section composed almost entirely of sand and shale with subordinate amounts of limestone, coal, and lignite. Biostratigraphic studies have shown that the uppermost 5,000 feet is of Tertiary and Quaternary age and was deposited in nonmarine to deep marine environments. The Upper Cretaceous section is about 3,000 feet thick and is of dominantly shallow marine origin. The basal 8,000 feet of sediment has been tentatively determined to be entirely of Early Cretaceous age, the basal sediments being dated as Berriasian. This Lower Cretaceous section is primarily nonmarine to very shallow marine in origin. \r\n\r\nExamination of cores, well cuttings, and electric logs shows that thick potential reservoir sands are found through much of the section. However, porosity and permeability decrease strikingly in the deeper parts of the Lower Cretaceous section as a result of compaction and cementation. Most of the sands are quite feldspathic, and progressive decomposition of feldspar stimulates authigenic clay and silica formation. \r\n\r\nStudies of color alteration of visible organic matter, organic geochemistry, and vitrinite reflectance show that although many units have high organic-carbon contents, moderately low geothermal gradients may have retarded thermal maturation. This, in conjunction with the scarcity of marine-derived organic matter in the lower part of the section, suggests a relatively low potential for the generation of liquid hydrocarbons. However, the overall combination of source beds, reservoirs, seals, structures, and thermal gradients may be favorable for the generation and entrapment of natural gas. \r\n\r\nFurthermore, the presence of reservoir rocks, seals, and trapping structures may indicate a significant potential for entrapment of either natural gas or petroleum that was generated deeper in the basin and then migrated either laterally or vertically.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir750","usgsCitation":"Scholle, P.A., 1977, Geological studies on the COST No. B-2 well, U. S. Mid-Atlantic outer continental shelf area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 750, iv, 71 p. :ill., map ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir750.","productDescription":"iv, 71 p. :ill., map ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0750/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31413,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1977/0750/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholle, Peter A.","contributorId":48954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholle","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30552,"text":"wri7726 - 1977 - Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp Watershed, North Carolina with reference to potential effects of stream channelization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T12:15:02","indexId":"wri7726","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-26","title":"Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp Watershed, North Carolina with reference to potential effects of stream channelization","docAbstract":"Hydrologic data were collected for four years at six sites in the Creeping Swamp watershed in eastern North Carolina in a preliminary effort to study the effects of stream channelization on the hydrology of a small watershed. A water-budget evaluation for pre-channelized conditions showed that runoff accounts for about 17 percent of the total rainfall, base runoff about 20 percent, ground-water outflow about 2 percent, and evapotranspiration about 61 percent. Channelization would have caused the greatest decline in ground-water levels nearest the stream, with the decline diminishing with increased distance from the stream. Channelization would also have resulted in a decrease in overland runoff and an increase in the amount of water reaching Creeping Swamp through the ground-water system, although the total volume of runoff would not change significantly. The water-quality characteristics of Creeping Swamp indicate that the stream is relatively free of pollution, although it is likely that channelization would increase (1) suspended-sediment loads, (2) stream temperatures, and (3) concentrations of dissolved solids, especially during low flows.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7726","usgsCitation":"Winner, M., and Simmons, C., 1977, Hydrology of the Creeping Swamp Watershed, North Carolina with reference to potential effects of stream channelization: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-26, vi, 54 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7726.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aeee4b07f02db691232","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winner, M.D.","contributorId":59801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winner","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, C.E.","contributorId":32572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29408,"text":"wri76132 - 1977 - Ground-water quality near a sewage-sludge recycling site and a landfill near Denver, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-08T13:48:57","indexId":"wri76132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-132","title":"Ground-water quality near a sewage-sludge recycling site and a landfill near Denver, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The Metropolitan Denver Sewage Disposal District and the City and County of Denver operate a sewage-sludge recycling site and a landfill in an area about 15 miles (24 kilometers) east of Denver. The assessment of the effects of these facilities on the ground-water system included determining the direction of ground-water movement in the area, evaluating the impact of the wastedisposal activities on the chemical quality of local ground water, and evaluating the need for continued water-quality monitoring.</p><p>Surficial geology of the area consists of two principal units: (1) Alluvium with a maximum thickness of about 25 feet (7.6 meters) deposited along stream channels, and (2) bedrock consisting of undifferentiated Denver and Dawson Formations. Ground water in formations less than 350 feet (110 meters) deep moves to the north, as does surface flow, while ground water in formations between 570 and 1,500 feet (170 and 460 meters) deep moves to the west. Estimates of ground-water velocity were made using assumed values for hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and the observed hydraulic gradient from the study area. Lateral velocities are estimated to be 380 feet (120 meters) per year in alluvium and 27 feet (8.2 meters) per year in the upper part of the bedrock formations. Vertical velocity is estimated to be 0.58 foot (0.18 meter) per year in the upper part of the bedrock formations.</p><p>Potentiometric head decreases with depth in the bedrock formations indicating a potential for downward movement of ground water. However, waterquality analysis and the rate and direction of ground-water movement suggest that ground-water movement in the area is primarily in the lateral rather than the vertical direction. </p><p>Five wells perforated in alluvium were found to have markedly degraded water quality. One well was located in the landfill and water that was analyzed was obtained from near the base of the buried refuse, two others were located downgradient and near sewage-sludge burial areas, and the remaining two are located near stagnant surface ponds. Concentrations of nitrate in&nbsp;wells downgradient from fields where sludge is plowed into the soil were higher than background concentrations due to the effects of the sludge disposal. No evidence of water-quality degradation was detected in deeper wells perforated in the bedrock formations. Continued water-quality monitoring is needed because of the continuing disposal of wastes. A suggested monitoring program would consist of monitoring wells near the landfill twice a year and monitoring wells near the sludge-disposal areas on an annual basis. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri76132","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., 1977, Ground-water quality near a sewage-sludge recycling site and a landfill near Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-132, Report: iv, 137 p.; 2 Plates: 15.57 x 15.37 inches and 15.33 x 15.43 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76132.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 137 p.; 2 Plates: 15.57 x 15.37 inches and 15.33 x 15.43 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":356332,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":356333,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0132/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123300,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/0132/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Denver","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.625,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.7083,\n              39.625\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.7083,\n              39.6833\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.625,\n              39.6833\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.625,\n              39.625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, Stanley G.","contributorId":73187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":10130,"text":"ofr77169A - 1977 - Map showing metalliferous and selected nonmetalliferous mineral deposits in eastern southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T18:34:53.780367","indexId":"ofr77169A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-169","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing metalliferous and selected nonmetalliferous mineral deposits in eastern southern Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77169A","usgsCitation":"MacKevett, E., and Holloway, C.D., 1977, Map showing metalliferous and selected nonmetalliferous mineral deposits in eastern southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-169, Report: 99 p.; 1 Plate: 52.00 × 38.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77169A.","productDescription":"Report: 99 p.; 1 Plate: 52.00 × 38.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406389,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_14323.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":143297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0169a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":94964,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0169a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":37982,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0169a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.3251953125,\n              58.60833366077633\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.18554687499997,\n              58.60833366077633\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.18554687499997,\n              63.60721668033077\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.3251953125,\n              63.60721668033077\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.3251953125,\n              58.60833366077633\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKevett, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":58613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holloway, Carleen D.","contributorId":105719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holloway","given":"Carleen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5825,"text":"pp980 - 1977 - Effects of the catastrophic flood of December 1966, north rim area, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:54","indexId":"pp980","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"980","title":"Effects of the catastrophic flood of December 1966, north rim area, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Precipitation from the unusual storm of December 1966 was concentrated on highlands in northern Arizona, southwestern Utah , southern Nevada, and south-central California and caused widely scattered major floods in the four States. In Arizona the largest amount of precipitation was in the north rim area of eastern Grand Canyon, where about 14 inches was measured. The largest flows occurred along Bright Angel Creek and the MilK Creek-Dragon Creek part of the Crystal Creek drainage basin. The maximum effects of the flood were along Milk Creek-Dragon Creek, where a mudflow caused extensive channel modification. Floods that occurred in the Bright Angel and Crystal Creek basins have a recurrence interval of only once in several centuries. The streamflow that resulted from the storm on the Kaibab Plateau caused considerable local scouring and deepening of channels, including some renewed arroyo cutting. The most catastrophic effects of the 1966 floods were caused by two mudflows that extended from the edge of the Kaibab Plateau along Dragon Creek in the Crystal Creek basin and Lava Creek in the Chuar Creek basin to the Colorado River. More than 10 other large mudflows occurred in Nankoweap, Kwagunt, Crystal, and Shinumo Creek basins. About 80 large debris slides left conspicuous scars in the amphitheaters at the heads of the side gorges, and at least 10 small slides occurred on the Kaibab Plateau. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp980","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., Aldridge, B.N., and Euler, R.C., 1977, Effects of the catastrophic flood of December 1966, north rim area, eastern Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 980, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp980.","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0980/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32524,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0980/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":32525,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0980/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db6102bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":8077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldridge, B. N.","contributorId":73179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"B.","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euler, Robert C.","contributorId":63791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euler","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":27906,"text":"wri7782 - 1977 - Ground-water hydrology of the Lower Milliken-Sarco-Tulucay Creeks area, Napa County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-20T11:29:09","indexId":"wri7782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-82","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the Lower Milliken-Sarco-Tulucay Creeks area, Napa County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Sonoma Volcanics are the principal water-bearing materials in the lower Milliken-Sarco-Tulucay Creeks area, which occupies about 15 square miles (39 square kilometers) in and east of Napa, Calif. The distribution and composition of these volcanic units are highly variable and complex. Within the Sonoma Volcanics the tuffs constitute the best ground-water reservoir. They are principally pumicitic ash-flow tuffs, partly welded and moderately permeable. These tuffs extend to a depth exceeding 500 feet (150 meters), and are irregularly interbedded with clay, igneous flows, and other volcanically derived material of very low permeability which locally confine the tuffs. Recharge and movement of ground water within these tuffs are affected by the highly variable character of this rock sequence, by adjacent formations, and by tectonic features such as the Cup and Saucer ridge and the Soda Creek fault. The lithology of the area limits specific yields to about 4 percent (unconfined conditions). Specific capacities of wells average less than 3 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown (0.6 liter per second per meter) except in the most permeable areas.</p>\n<p>Annual pumpage of 3,000 acre-feet (3.7 cubic hectometers), mostly from the Sonoma tuffs, represents a significant portion of the ground-water discharge. The seasonal change in ground-water storage was about 6,600 acre-feet (8.1 cubic hectometers) in 1975. Water-level data from the area reflect the seasonal change in ground-water storage, with fluctuations of 3 to 60 feet (1 to 18 meters). The storage capacity to a depth of 500 feet (150 meters) may be as much as 196,000 acre-feet (242 cubic hectometers) in the study area, but physical and economic factors may restrict the usable capacity to about 20,000 acre-feet (25 cubic hectometers).</p>\n<p>Recharge within the area is generally inadequate to marginal under 1975 demand. There is insufficient recharge in the Milliken and Sarco Creeks area to support 1975 pumpage. Long-term changes in the seasonal peak water levels indicate an average decline of 1.5 feet per year (0.5 meter per year). By 1975 annual pumpage was not exceeding recharge in the Tulucay Creek area. Although a downward trend in water levels was noted in the western part of this basin in the late 1940's, the pumping distribution and its stress on the ground-water system have since changed, and no overall downward trend was evident in the Tulucay Creek area in 1975.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Menlo Park, CA","doi":"10.3133/wri7782","usgsCitation":"Johnson, M.J., 1977, Ground-water hydrology of the Lower Milliken-Sarco-Tulucay Creeks area, Napa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-82, Report: v, 40 p.; Plate: 41.82 x 25.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7782.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; Plate: 41.82 x 25.99 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri7782.jpg"},{"id":321077,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0082/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":321078,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0082/plate-1.pdf","text":"Figure 3","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa 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Michael J. johnsonm@usgs.gov","contributorId":2282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Michael","email":"johnsonm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9089,"text":"ofr7795 - 1977 - A summary of the mineral resources of the proposed Great Bear wilderness, Flathead, Teton, and Pondera counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T21:55:37.496776","indexId":"ofr7795","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-95","title":"A summary of the mineral resources of the proposed Great Bear wilderness, Flathead, Teton, and Pondera counties, Montana","docAbstract":"<p>The proposed Great Bear wilderness has a good potential for oil and gas (mainly gas), and a moderate potential for submarginal resources of copper and silver in a belt 25 miles (40 km) long and about 1 mile (1.6 km) wide that is partly within the study area along the western boundary. The eastern part of the area may contain small submarginal resources of coal. Sand and gravel, dimension stone, and high calcium limestone are in the area, but they occur in abundance in more accessible areas elsewhere in northwest Montana. The potential for geothermal resources is nil.</p><p>A mineral survey of the proposed Great Bear wilderness was made in 1974 and 1976. The work by the U.S. Geological Survey consisted of geologic mapping, and geochemical and geophysical surveys. The U.S. Bureau of Mines made a courthouse search for mining claims, and sampled and mapped prospects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7795","usgsCitation":"Mudge, M.R., Earhart, R.L., Rice, D.D., and Marks, L.Y., 1977, A summary of the mineral resources of the proposed Great Bear wilderness, Flathead, Teton, and Pondera counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-95, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7795.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":412883,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142891,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0095/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Flathead County, Pondera County, Teton County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.75,47 ], [ -113.75,49 ], [ -112,49 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -113.75,47 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mudge, Melville Rhodes","contributorId":77119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudge","given":"Melville","email":"","middleInitial":"Rhodes","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Earhart, Robert L.","contributorId":74729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earhart","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Dudley D.","contributorId":11601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marks, Lawrence Y.","contributorId":49370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29487,"text":"wri7789 - 1977 - Hydrologic reconnaissance of Tsala Apopka Lake, Citrus County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-22T10:19:52","indexId":"wri7789","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-89","title":"Hydrologic reconnaissance of Tsala Apopka Lake, Citrus County, Florida","docAbstract":"The swamps, marshes, and open waters of Tsala Apopka Lake, Florida, were mapped and the hydrologic connection between the lake and the Floridan limestone aquifer was studied from October 1975 to September 1976. Tsala Apopka Lake is a series of shallow , interconnected lakes, ponds, and marshes whose water surface slopes northward at 0.5 foot per mile. According to aerial photographs of December 1972, only 6 percent of the 103 square miles of study area is covered by open water. Open water is abundant along the western side of the lake, dense and sparse marshes occupy most of the lake area, and swamps occupy a thick zone around the Withlacoochee River which borders the lake to the east. Only a small fraction of the total surface flow occurs through the lake. The average lake outflow through S-351 canal is 23.6 cfs; while the average river flow at Holder is 714 cfs. Tsala Apopka Lake is hydraulically connected to the Floridan aquifer. At low flow, the major source of water in the river is ground water from the Floridan aquifer. The specific conductance of water in the Floridan aquifer averages 250-350 umho/cm (micromhos per centimeter) at 25C in this area. The specific conductance of water in the Withlacoochee River near Holder averages 268 umho/cm at 25C, while water in Tsala Apopka Lake at Hernando averages 139 umho/cm at 25C. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri7789","usgsCitation":"Rutledge, A.T., 1977, Hydrologic reconnaissance of Tsala Apopka Lake, Citrus County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 77-89, 2 Plates: 37.40 x 27.79 inches and 37.92 x 28.06 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7789.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 37.40 x 27.79 inches and 37.92 x 28.06 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":365758,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0089/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":365759,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1977/0089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Citrus County","otherGeospatial":"Tsala Apopka Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.70806884765625,\n              28.553163550610673\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.54327392578125,\n              28.553163550610673\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.54327392578125,\n              28.697815516328\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.70806884765625,\n              28.697815516328\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.70806884765625,\n              28.553163550610673\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutledge, A. T.","contributorId":38532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutledge","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":9222,"text":"ofr77718 - 1977 - Geology of the Monterey Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-26T21:35:25.827402","indexId":"ofr77718","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-718","title":"Geology of the Monterey Bay region","docAbstract":"Geophysical data and sea floor samples collected from the continental shelf and slope between Ano Nuevo Point and Point Sur, California indicate that the Monterey Bay region has had a complex late Cenozoic tectonic history. Uplift and depression have produced a succession of regressive and transgressive sedimentary units, while contemporaneous right-slip along faults of the San Andreas system have offset major structural and lithologic elements. This deformation produced three regional and several local unconformities within upper Tertiary rocks and initiated development of a canyon system that today includes the Monterey, Ascension, Carmel, and other large submarine canyons. The Tertiary stratigraphy of the offshore Monterey Bay area is divided into two provinces by a major structural boundary, the north-trending Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone. East of this zone in the offshore are four seismically distinct sequences that can be correlated with major sequences onshore. These sequences comprise (1) pre-Tertiary basement, and (2) middle Miocene, (3) upper Miocene to Pliocene, and (4) upper Pliocene to Holocene sedimentary intervals. Each of the latter three sequences is bounded by unconformities, as is its counterpart on land. Only Neogene sedimentary rocks are present offshore; Paleogene units, if originally present, have been removed completely by pre-middle Miocene erosion. \r\n\r\nAn extensive erosional surface was cut during Zemorrian time into the late Mesozoic granitic basement rocks. Incised into this surface are the ancestral Monterey Canyon and an unnamed canyon. Marine sedimentary rocks of upper Miocene and Pliocene age overlie this unconformably and fill the unnamed canyon. Similar rocks also may have once filled Monterey Canyon. Near shore these strata are covered by terrestrial alluvial and eolian deposits, deltaic deposits, marine canyon fill, landslide and slump deposits, and unconsolidated sediments that range in age from upper Pliocene to Holocene. Monterey Canyon appears to have been filled and exhumed at least twice since its inception in Oligocene time, once in late Miocene and once in Pleistocene time. Three major seismic stratigraphic units are apparent in continuous seismic reflection profiles from the offshore area west of the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone. These are (1) acoustical basement, and (2) middle Tertiary and (3) late Tertiary to Quaternary sedimentary intervals. Acoustical basement comprises Cretaceous to early Tertiary sedimentary rocks, Mesozoic or older metamorphic rocks, and Cretaceous or Jurassic rocks of the Franciscan assemblage. The middle Tertiary sequence consists of sedimentary rocks of questionable Miocene age. The late Tertiary to Quaternary sequence is composed of Pliocene sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated marine sediments, and submarine landslide and slump deposits. \r\n\r\nSeismic reflection surveys indicate two major, intersecting, northwest-trending fault zones to be present in the offshore Monterey Bay area. The Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone may be more than 200 km long; it is narrow (approximately 3 km wide) and is represented in most places by one or two faults. This zone appears to connect with faults mapped on land near Ano Nuevo Point and Point Sur. The Monterey Bay fault zone, located in the area between Santa Cruz and Monterey, is a diffuse zone, approximately 10 to 15 km wide, of en echelon faults. Faults within this zone appear to connect with faults on land near Monterey, and the zone appears to be truncated by the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone west of Santa Cruz. \r\n\r\nLocations of more than 110 earthquakes (1968-1976) show that the newly mapped fault zones in Monterey Bay are seismically active. Epicenters in the bay form two clusters, one at the intersection of the Monterey Bay and Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zones, and the other in a linear belt that trends northwest along the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio fault zone. Faults within th","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr77718","usgsCitation":"Greene, H., 1977, Geology of the Monterey Bay region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-718, Report: xvi, 347 p.; 9 Plates: 38.94 × 40.32 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr77718.","productDescription":"Report: xvi, 347 p.; 9 Plates: 38.94 × 40.32 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":36839,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36837,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36836,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36838,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36841,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36835,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390989,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_74775.htm"},{"id":36840,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36842,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":36843,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":36844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0718/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              36.516258626036624\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71340942382812,\n              36.516258626036624\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71340942382812,\n              37.019001724461155\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              37.019001724461155\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.17620849609374,\n              36.516258626036624\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":38958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"H. Gary","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":159309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28881,"text":"wri76123 - 1977 - Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-09-19T17:16:46","indexId":"wri76123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-123","title":"Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey","docAbstract":"The Englishtown Formation of the Matawan Group of Late Cretaceous age is exposed in the western part of the New Jeresy Coastal Plain along a northeast-southwest trending zone extending from Raritan Bay to Delaware Bay. In outcrop, in the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the Englishtown typically consists of a series of thin, cross-stratified, fine- to medium-grained lignitic quartz sand beds intercalated with thin beds of sandy silty clay and clayey silt, ranging in total thickness from about 140 feet (43 meters) near Raritan Bay to about 50 feet (15 meters) near Trenton. In the subsurface of the northern part of the Coastal Plain, the formation retains most of the lithologic characteristics displayed in outcrop. In northern and eastern Ocean County the Englishtown can be subdivided into three distinct lithologic units; upper and lower units of quartz sand with thin interbeds of dark sandy silt, separated by a thick sequence of sandy and clayey lignitic silt. The confined part of the aquifer in the Englishtown Formation is utilized as a source of water over an area of about 1,100 square miles (2,849 square kilometers) of the New Jersey Coastal Plain and is an important source of supply in Monmouth and northern Ocean Counties. The annual average rate of withdrawal from the aquifer in the two-county area increased from 5.5 million gallons per day (0.24 cubic meters per second) in 1959 to 9.5 million gallons per day (0.4 cubic meters per second) in 1970. Water levels in parts of this area were declining 8 to 12 feet (2.4 to 3.6 meters) per year as of 1970 and they declined as much as 140 feet (43 meters) between 1959 and 1970 near pumping centers. The aquifer transmissivity ranges from 2,400 square feet per day to 650 square feet per day (223 square meters per day to 60 square meters per day); the estimated hydraulic conductivity ranges from about 11 feet per day to 20 feet per day (3.3 meters per day to 6.1 meters per day); and the storage coefficient ranges from 8 x 10<sup>-5</sup> to 3 x 10<sup>-4</sup>. The underlying and overlying confining beds, which have an average thickness of 200 feet (61 meters) and 40 feet (12 meters), respectively, have vertical hydraulic conductivities on the order of 1 x 10<sup>-5</sup> feet per day (3 x 10<sup>-6</sup> meters per day) and specific storage on the order of 8 x 10<sup>-5</sup> ft<sup>-1</sup> (2.4 x 10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>-1</sup>). The Englishtown aquifer is an integral part of the complex multi- aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain. The withdrawal of water from the Englishtown aquifer has had a marked effect on the water level in the overlying Moutn Laurel aquifer, and these effects will continue so long as the water level in the Englishtown continues to decline. Any increase in the development of the Mount Laurel aquifer that reduces the volume of leakage to the Englishtown will cause an increase in the rate of water-level decline in the Englishtown even with no increase in direct withdrawals. The interrelationship and interdependency between pumping stresses in individual aquifers within the complex Coastal Plain aquifer sytem must be recognized and appreciated, and the hydrodynamics of all parts of the system must be considered if reliable predictions of aquifer response to these stresses are to be made. Such predictions generally require a simulation model analysis of the system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wri76123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Nichols, W.D., 1977, Geohydrology of the Englishtown Formation in the northern Coastal Plain of New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 76-123, vi, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri76123.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_76_123.gif"},{"id":261954,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":261955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1976/123/pdf/wrir76-123.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,40.666666666666664 ], [ -73.83333333333333,39.666666666666664 ], [ -75,39.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, W. D.","contributorId":73220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"W.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197791,"text":"70197791 - 1977 - Significance of Mesozoic radiolarians from the pre-Nevadan rocks of the southern Klamath Mountains, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T11:06:04","indexId":"70197791","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of Mesozoic radiolarians from the pre-Nevadan rocks of the southern Klamath Mountains, California","docAbstract":"<p>Ribbon cherts and siliceous tuffs of the North Fork and Rattlesnake Creek terranes of the Klamath Mountains yield Mesozoic radiolarians. Rocks of the North Fork terrane were previously considered to be of Paleozoic age and those of the Rattlesnake Creek to be of Paleozoic and Triassic age, on the basis of fossiliferous limestone bodies that are now considered to be exotic blocks. In both terranes, however, red cherts that are closely associated with ophiolitic rocks contain Late Triassic radiolarians; overlying cherts and siliceous tuffs contain Early or Middle Jurassic radiolarians. The Jurassic radiolarian fauna from the North Fork terrane is similar to a fauna contained in Franciscan chert near Santa Barbara in southern California.</p><p>The change in age assignment of the dominant rocks of these terranes, based on this new radiolarian data, indicates that the suture between the North Fork terrane and the Devonian rocks of the central metamorphic belt on the east probably formed during Middle or Late Jurassic time.</p><div class=\"article-metadata-panel clearfix\"><div class=\"article-metadata-taxonomies\"></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<557:SOMRFT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Irwin, W., Jones, D.L., and Pessagno, E., 1977, Significance of Mesozoic radiolarians from the pre-Nevadan rocks of the southern Klamath Mountains, California: Geology, v. 5, no. 9, p. 557-562, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<557:SOMRFT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"562","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath Mountains","volume":"5","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, W. P.","contributorId":82347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pessagno, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":69389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pessagno","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70207347,"text":"70207347 - 1977 - Deposition of the Tapeats Sandstone (Cambrian) in central Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T14:07:40.755617","indexId":"70207347","displayToPublicDate":"1977-12-17T13:34:28","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition of the Tapeats Sandstone (Cambrian) in central Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>Grain size, bedding thickness, dispersion of cross-stratification azimuths, and assemblages of sedimentary structures and trace fossils vary across central Arizona; they form the basis for recognizing six facies (A through F) in the Tapeats Sandstone. Five of these (A through E), present in western central Arizona, are marine deposits containing the trace fossil&nbsp;</span><i>Corophioides</i><span>; several intertidal environments are represented. The association of large-scale cross-bedding (50 to 300 cm) that is characterized by compound cross-stratification, numerous reactivation surfaces, and herringbone patterns is typical of facies A and generally typical of the finer-grained, thinner-bedded facies B. The sedimentary structures and polymodal distribution of foreset azimuths common to facies A and B probably formed on intertidal sand bars during emergence and late-stage tidal runoff. Facies C consists of well-sorted sandstone, gently cross stratified or with continuous parallel stratification, and foresets tangential to the lower bedding surface. This facies generally occurs where the gradient of the depositional surface increases; it apparently was deposited on a beach by shoaling waves. Facies D and, to a lesser extent, the coarser-grained facies E are sandstones with trough cross-stratification, fining-upward cycles, abundant intercalated thin shale and sandstone, rare flaser bedding, and local bipolar distribution of foreset azimuths. Both facies are tidal flat deposits; facies D was probably produced by meandering tidal channels, whereas facies E was likely produced by migration of braided tidal channels. The sixth facies (F), present in eastern central Arizona, is an arkosic small-pebble conglomerate that lacks trace fossils; low dispersion of foreset azimuths and large-scale (1 to 11-m wide) cut-and-fill structure are typical. Facies F was deposited by bedload streams that transported coarse, poorly sorted sand and gravel westward to the intertidal flats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<199:DOTTSC>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hereford, R., 1977, Deposition of the Tapeats Sandstone (Cambrian) in central Arizona: GSA Bulletin, v. 88, no. 2, p. 199-211, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<199:DOTTSC>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"211","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Tapeats Sandstone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.181640625,\n              35.33529320309328\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              35.33529320309328\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.35693359375,\n              34.08906131584994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"88","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hereford, Richard 0000-0002-0892-7367 rhereford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-7367","contributorId":3620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Richard","email":"rhereford@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70233489,"text":"70233489 - 1977 - Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the northern Santa Lucia Range, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T16:35:52.73664","indexId":"70233489","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T11:29:56","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the northern Santa Lucia Range, California","docAbstract":"<p>Lower Tertiary strata in .the northern Santa Lucia Range of California are correlated by means of planktonic and benthonic foraminifers. Benthonic foraminiferal assemblages from eight stratigraphic sections range in age from Ynezian to possible basal Refugian. The Paleocene mudstone contains a Ynezian benthonic foraminiferal assemblage. The Ulatisian benthonic assemblage of the Lucia Mudstone and the Penutian to Ulatisian benthonic assemblages of the Eocene sandstone and rnudstone unit are associated with planktonic foraminifers referable to Zones P 7-P 8 and P 9. The Church Creek Formation is characterized by a Narizian to possibly Refugian benthonic assemblage. Two questionable associations of early Eocene planktonic foraminifers with Narizian benthonic foraminifers occur near Arroyo Seco Creek. No -age-diagnostic foraminifers were found in The Rocks Sandstone. Data from previous studies, along with our data, suggest a Ulatisian to Narizian age for this unit. Paleoenvironments interpreted from foraminiferal assemblages suggest a general shoaling from lower bathyal or deeper water depths in the middle Paleocene and early Eocene to bathyal water depths during the middle Eocene. In addition, the Ulatisian water depths deepen across the Santa Lucia Range from east to west. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Poore, R., Sliter, W., and Link, M.H., 1977, Lower Tertiary biostratigraphy of the northern Santa Lucia Range, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 735-745.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"735","endPage":"745","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404254,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Santa Lucia Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -121,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poore, Richard Z.","contributorId":203460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard Z.","affiliations":[{"id":36625,"text":"Emeritus","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":847229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sliter, William V.","contributorId":21414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"William V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Link, M. H.","contributorId":293523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Link","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70233484,"text":"70233484 - 1977 - Age and tectonic setting of lower Paleozoic alkalic and mafic rocks, carbonatites, and thorium veins in South-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T16:04:59.305879","indexId":"70233484","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T10:56:46","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and tectonic setting of lower Paleozoic alkalic and mafic rocks, carbonatites, and thorium veins in South-central Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Alkalic igneous rocks were emplaced into heterogeneous terrane of Precambrian X and Precambrian Y rocks about 570 m.y. ago (Cambrian or upper Precambrian) in the Powderhorn area in Gunnison County and about 520 m.y. ago (Cambrian) in the McClure Mountain, Gem Park, and Democrat Creek areas in the northern Wet Mountains, Fremont and Custer Counties. The radiometric ages are based upon studies by K-Ar, Rb-Sr, and fission-track methods. Associated with these alkalic rock complexes are numerous thorium-bearing veins and red syenite dikes; some, if not all, in the northern Wet Mountains were formed about 495 m.y. ago. Diabase, gabbro, and other mafic dikes appear to be slightly younger than the thorium veins in the Powderhorn area and both older and younger in the Wet Mountains region. In the Powderhorn district, an older group of syenites also intruded Precambrian rocks as plugs or small stocks about 1350-1400 m.y. ago. The various dike rocks and the thorium veins were formed in extensive, deep fractures, indicating a condition of tension or shear in this part of the crust during Cambrian or very late Precambrian to Ordovician time. The localized alkalic magmatisin may reflect melting spots in the mantle. In the two principal areas, 135 km apart, the episodes of alkalic magmatism differ in age by about 50 m.y., the younger toward the east. The age relations might be explained by migration of the sites of localized melting or volatile enrichment in the mantle or westward movement of the continent above a single site. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Olson, J.C., Marvin, R.F., Parker, R.L., and Mehnert, H.H., 1977, Age and tectonic setting of lower Paleozoic alkalic and mafic rocks, carbonatites, and thorium veins in South-central Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 673-687.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"673","endPage":"687","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404233,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.90771484375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.39208984375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.39208984375,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.90771484375,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.90771484375,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Jerry C.","contributorId":89202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marvin, Richard F.","contributorId":23125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Raymond Laurence","contributorId":29385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"Laurence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mehnert, Harald H.","contributorId":56221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehnert","given":"Harald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70233517,"text":"70233517 - 1977 - Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T13:52:45.748385","indexId":"70233517","displayToPublicDate":"1977-11-01T08:34:32","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The terrane bordering the alpine-type Josephine Peridotite on the north in the Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon, is composed of intrusive hornblende gabbro (Middle Jurassic) and scattered remnants of clinopyroxene-bearing ultramafic rocks and amphibolite. The amphibolite, which preliminary analyses suggest is of andesitic composition, has undergone regional metamorphism to the amphibolite facies and three episodes of plastic folding. The ultramafic rocks overlie the amphibolite with a possible magmatic sedimentary contact, although the contact is not entirely clear and a fault cannot be ruled out. The ultramafic rocks are partially recrystallized owing to the gabbro intrusion and later partially serpentinized; they have undergone two episodes of plastic folding, the second of which correlates with the third in the amphibolite. The intrusion of the gabbro began as early as the second folding episode in the amphibolite and probably continued at least intermittently throughout the third episode of folding and possibly later. After the high-temperature deformation, the Josephine Peridotite was thrust northward over the gabbroic complex along an east-striking south-dipping thrust fault, after which both of these terranes were thrust westward over the Upper Jurassic Dothan Formation along a major north-striking east-dipping thrust fault. The nature of the ultramaflc rocks, their association with an extensive gabbro terrane, and the proximity of a large alpine-type peridotite suggest that the gabbroic and ultramafic complexes are part of an ophiolite sequence. However, if the ultramaflc rocks are cumulates and were deposited on the amphibolite terrane, then the gabbroic complex is somewhat different from the ideal ophiolite model. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., and Himmelberg, G.R., 1977, Geology of the gabbroic complex along the northern border of the Josephine Peridotite, Vulcan Peak area, southwestern Oregon: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 6, p. 761-781.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"761","endPage":"781","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":404325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":404318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue6/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Vulcan Peak area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              42.15118709351198\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.89007568359374,\n              42.15118709351198\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.89007568359374,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              42.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1015625,\n              42.15118709351198\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, Glen R.","contributorId":57921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":847330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156484,"text":"70156484 - 1977 - A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-06T17:30:46","indexId":"70156484","displayToPublicDate":"1977-08-31T18:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p>A steady-state simulation model was applied to the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area of Imperial Valley, Calif. The steady-state equations of flow and heat transport were solved by use of a Galerkin, finite-element method. A solution was obtained by iterating between the temperature and pressure equations, using updated densities and viscosities. Temperature and pressure were obtained for each node, and corresponding head values were calculated. The simulated temperature and pressure patterns correlated well with the observed patterns. Additional data, mainly from test drilling, would be required for construction of a similar model of the deep hydrothermal system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, R., 1977, A Galerkin, finite-element analysis of steady-state flow and heat transport in the shallow hydrothermal system in the East Mesa area, Imperial Valley, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 4, p. 497-509.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"497","endPage":"509","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307189,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue4/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Imperial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              32.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              33.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5,\n              33.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.5,\n              32.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5,\n              32.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84baae4b0518e3546efc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R.E.","contributorId":86754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001517,"text":"1001517 - 1977 - Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T20:12:31.256062","indexId":"1001517","displayToPublicDate":"1977-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>A study to determine the major factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas in eastern North Dakota was conducted from 1969 through 1974. A total of 186 duck nests was found during searches on 6,018 ha of upland. Nest density per km2 for 5 major habitat types was 20.2 in untilled upland, 3.7 in standing grain stubble, 1.6 in mulched grain stubble, 1.2 in summer fallow, and 1.1 in growing grain. Pintails (<i>Anas acuta</i>) nested in cultivated cropland types in greater prevalence than other duck species. Nest densities were 12 times greater on untilled upland (20.2/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (1.7/km2), and hatched-clutch densities were 16 times greater on untilled upland (4.8/km2) than on annually tilled cropland (0.3/km2). Hatching success was greater on untilled upland (25%) than on tilled cropland (17%). Of 186 nests found, 77 percent did not hatch; 76 percent of the failures were attributed to predators and 19 percent to farming operations. Poor quality nesting cover, the result of intensive land use practices, and nesting failures caused by machinery and predators mainly mammals, were the principal factors limiting duck nesting and production on intensively farmed areas.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800600","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K., 1977, Duck nesting in intensively farmed areas of North Dakota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 41, no. 2, p. 232-242, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800600.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":70170909,"text":"70170909 - 1977 - Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T11:56:02","indexId":"70170909","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":293,"text":"Technical Paper","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"6","title":"Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Intensified land development on the Anoka sand plain necessitates a better understanding of the hydrogeology of the surficial outwash deposits of the area. The Anoka sand-plain aquifer consists of outwash attributable to two different ice lobes. Predominant grain size of the upper outwash decreases and sorting coefficient increases from west to east. Till or lake deposits underlie most of the surficial outwash. In some areas, these deposits are absent and the aquifer is directly underlain by bedrock, mainly sandstone. Preliminary study indicates that parts of the aquifer may yield several hundred to more than 1,000 gallons of water per minute to properly developed large-diameter wells. Storage in the aquifer is estimated to be 2,000 billion gallons and annual withdrawals approaching 250 billion gallons may be sustained. More detailed analysis is essential for proper management and optimum use of the resource.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":"Prepared cooperatively by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Helgesen, J.O., and Lindholm, G.F., 1977, Geology and water-supply potential of the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer, Minnesota: Technical Paper 6, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321084,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332588,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.leg.state.mn.us/edocs/edocs?oclcnumber=05392091"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Anoka Sand Plain aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57330630e4b0dae0d5dcd1c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helgesen, J. O.","contributorId":62600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helgesen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindholm, G. F.","contributorId":88763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindholm","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70233074,"text":"70233074 - 1977 - Mercury in oil shale from the mahogany zone of the Green River formation, eastern Utah and western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T16:14:25.497854","indexId":"70233074","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T11:06:46","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in oil shale from the mahogany zone of the Green River formation, eastern Utah and western Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Mercury has been reported in concentrations as high as 4 parts per million from oil shale in the Green River Formation near the Federal oil-shale prototype lease-tracts U-a and U-b in eastern Utah. This high concentration of mercury if present throughout a minable zone, would be of concern in commercial oil-shale operations processing large volumes of shale. Using an improved analytical method, surface samples from eastern Utah previously reported to contain high concentrations of mercury were reanalyzed, and an additional 183 drill core samples from the Mahogany zone and adjacent beds were analyzed. The reanalyzed samples averaged slightly more than 0.35 ppm mercury and the drill-core samples averaged 0.37 ppm. The products from a Fischer assay of 100-gram sample of oil shale, found to yield 35 gallons pier ton of oil and 43 ppm of mercury, were analyzed for their mercury content. The spent shale contained only 2 percent of the total mercury in the assay products and the gas fraction contained about 58 percent. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Donnell, J., and Shaw, V.E., 1977, Mercury in oil shale from the mahogany zone of the Green River formation, eastern Utah and western Colorado: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 221-226.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Green River Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.7314453125,\n              39.29179704377487\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3638916015625,\n              39.29179704377487\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3638916015625,\n              41.025499378313754\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7314453125,\n              41.025499378313754\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.7314453125,\n              39.29179704377487\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donnell, John R.","contributorId":84330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnell","given":"John R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, Van E.","contributorId":146896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Van","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":846686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70233059,"text":"70233059 - 1977 - Pleistocene fishes from Alameda County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-15T15:36:36.362775","indexId":"70233059","displayToPublicDate":"1977-03-01T10:27:50","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pleistocene fishes from Alameda County, California","docAbstract":"<p> Six types of freshwater fishes were recovered from an early Pleistocene (Irvingtonian) locality on the east side of San Francisco Bay, Alameda County, Calif. The fauna includes one centrarchid, one salmonid, three cyprinids, and one catostomid. The fauna indicates fluvial and slow-moving or lacustrine aquatic environments. One of the cyprinids and the catostomid are assigned to provisional genera because of the inadequate amount of material available for study and the obvious differences between these fossils and known fossil or recent fishes. They are new additions to the Pleistocene fish fauna of California. Paleogeographic distribution of some of these fishes indicates former fluvial or lacustrine connections between Utah, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, and California. The Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil fish faunas indicate the widespread occurrence of genera now endemic to California. A similar picture is presented by the molluscan evidence. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U. S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Casteel, R.W., and Adam, D.P., 1977, Pleistocene fishes from Alameda County, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 5, no. 2, p. 209-215.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"215","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":403805,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1977/vol5issue2/report.pdf","size":"18181 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Alameda 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,{"id":70009955,"text":"70009955 - 1977 - Delaware River: Evidence for its former extension to Wilmington Submarine Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-16T16:29:17.544502","indexId":"70009955","displayToPublicDate":"1977-02-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delaware River: Evidence for its former extension to Wilmington Submarine Canyon","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Seismic-reflection profiles indicate that during the Pleistocene the Delaware River flowed across the continental shelf east of Delaware Bay and emptied into Wilmington Submarine Canyon. The ancestral valley (width, 3 to 8 kilometers; relief, 10 to 30 meters) is buried, is not reflected in the surface topography, and probably predates the formation of the present canyon head.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.195.4277.483","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Knebel, H., and Folger, D.W., 1977, Delaware River: Evidence for its former extension to Wilmington Submarine Canyon: Science, v. 195, no. 4277, p. 483-485, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.195.4277.483.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"483","endPage":"485","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.77418738436643,\n              39.7369030436918\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.77418738436643,\n              38.43058282173703\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.88970281894306,\n              38.43058282173703\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.88970281894306,\n              39.7369030436918\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.77418738436643,\n              39.7369030436918\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"195","issue":"4277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe5be4b0c8380cd4ecc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knebel, H.J.","contributorId":79092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebel","given":"H.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Folger, D. W.","contributorId":97126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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