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,{"id":57174,"text":"ofr96178 - 1996 - Digital data set of volcano hazards for active Cascade Volcanos, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-25T09:54:07","indexId":"ofr96178","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-178","title":"Digital data set of volcano hazards for active Cascade Volcanos, Washington","docAbstract":"Scientists at the Cascade Volcano Observatory have completed hazard assessments for the five active volcanos in Washington.  The five studies included Mount Adams (Scott and others, 1995), Mount Baker (Gardner and others, 1995), Glacier Peak (Waitt and others, 1995), Mount Rainier (Hoblitt and others, 1995) and Mount St. Helens (Wolfe and Pierson, 1995). Twenty Geographic Information System (GIS) data sets have been created that represent the hazard information from the assessments.  The twenty data sets have individual Open File part numbers and titles","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96178","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S.P., 1996, Digital data set of volcano hazards for active Cascade Volcanos, Washington (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-178, Maps; Data Sets; Reports, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96178.","productDescription":"Maps; Data Sets; Reports","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":278076,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0178/downloads/ofr96178.html"},{"id":278077,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0178/downloads/download.html"},{"id":278075,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0178/"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d51b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":256306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ragland, B.C.","contributorId":27127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragland","given":"B.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barker, R.G.","contributorId":93121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rinehardt, J.F.","contributorId":6522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinehardt","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":57179,"text":"ofr96579 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin--Compilation of Related literature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr96579","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-579","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin--Compilation of Related literature","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96579","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Amos, G., 1996, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin--Compilation of Related literature: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-579, 286 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96579.","productDescription":"286 p.","numberOfPages":"286","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0579/report.pdf","size":"11133","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":173982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0579/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7215","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amos, G.L.","contributorId":63827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":28875,"text":"wri944161 - 1996 - Hydrology, water quality, and effects of drought in Monroe County, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-12T11:02:38","indexId":"wri944161","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4161","title":"Hydrology, water quality, and effects of drought in Monroe County, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Monroe County relies heavily on its aquifers and streams for drinking water, irrigation, and other ~ses; however, increased water use, high concentrations of certain constituents in ground water, and droughts may limit the availability of water resources. Although the most densely populated parts of the county use water from the Great Lakes, large amounts of ground water are withdrawn for quarry dewatering, domestic supply, and irrigation.</p><p>Unconsolidated deposits and bedrock of Silurian and Devonian age underlie Mon_roe County. The unconsolidated deposits are mostly clayey and less than 50 feet thick. Usable amounts of ground water generally are obtained from thin, discontinuous surficial sand deposits or, in the northwestern part of the county, from deep glaciofluvial deposits. In most of the county, however, ground water in unconsolidated deposits is highly susceptible to effects of droughts and to contamination.</p><p>The bedrock is mostly carbonate rock, and usable quantities of ground water can be obtained from fractures and other secondary openings throughout the county. Transmissivities of the Silurian-Devonian aquifer range from 10 to 6,600 feet squared per day. Aquifer tests and historical informati.on indicate that the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is confmed throughout most of the county. The major recharge area for the Silurian-Devonian aquifer in Monroe County is in the southwest, and groundwater flow is mostly southeastward toward Lake Erie. In the northeastern and southeastern parts of the county, the potentiometric surface of the SilurianDevonian aquifers has been lowered by pumpage to below the elevation of Lake Erie.</p><p>Streams and artificial drains in Monroe County are tributary to Lake Erie. Most streams are perennial because of sustained discharge from the sand aquifer and the Silurian-Devonian aquifer; however, the lower reaches of River Raisin and Plum Creek lost water to the Silurian-Devonian aquifer in July 1990.</p><p>The quality of ground water and of streamwater at low flow is suitable for most domestic u~es, irrigation, and recreation. In ground water, dissolved solids and hydrogen sulfide are present at concentrations objectionable to some users. Indicators of ground-water contamination from agricultural activities-pesticides and nitrates-were not present at detectable concentrations or were below U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits. In streamwater, some treatment to remove bacteria may be necessary in summer months; nitrate concentrations, however, were found to be below USEPA limits.</p><p>Tritium concentrations indicative of recent recharge to the Silurian-Devonian aquifer are present in a southwest-to-northeast-trending band from Whiteford to Berlin Townships. Generally, where glacial deposits are thicker than 30 feet, rech~rge.takes more than 40 years. Carbon isotope data md1cate that some of the ground water in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is more than 14,000 years old.</p><p>Mild droughts are common in Michigan, but long severe droughts, such as those during 1930-37 and 1960-67, are infrequent. The most recent drought, during 1988, was severe but short. Ground-water levels declined throughout the county; the largest declines were probably in the southwest. Shallow bedrock wells completed in only the upper part of the Silurian-Devonian aquifer and near large uses of ground water were especially susceptible to the effects of drought. Deep bedrock wells continued to produce water through the drought of 1988.</p><p>During droughts, streamflow is reduced because of low ground-water levels and high consumptive uses of surface water. In 1988, annual discharge on the River Raisin was near normal, but monthly averages were below normal from March through August. The quality of surface water during droughts is similar to that during normal lowflow conditions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944161","usgsCitation":"Nicholas, J., Rowe, G.L., and Brannen, J., 1996, Hydrology, water quality, and effects of drought in Monroe County, Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4161, x, 169 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944161.","productDescription":"x, 169 p.","numberOfPages":"186","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4161/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":343690,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4161/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Monroe County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-83.2756,42.0749],[-83.2665,42.0719],[-83.2584,42.0731],[-83.2514,42.0647],[-83.2466,42.0614],[-83.2362,42.0593],[-83.2301,42.056],[-83.2272,42.0518],[-83.2217,42.0503],[-83.2176,42.0475],[-83.2141,42.0429],[-83.2047,42.044],[-83.1887,42.0309],[-83.1923,42.0323],[-83.1942,42.031],[-83.1972,42.0329],[-83.2008,42.0348],[-83.2046,42.0344],[-83.2055,42.0281],[-83.2027,42.0212],[-83.2048,42.0158],[-83.2079,42.0159],[-83.2039,42.0085],[-83.2084,42.0046],[-83.2068,41.9995],[-83.2182,41.9934],[-83.2278,41.9864],[-83.2386,41.9799],[-83.2425,41.9763],[-83.2463,41.9751],[-83.2512,41.9752],[-83.2571,41.9808],[-83.2626,41.9818],[-83.2633,41.9809],[-83.2646,41.9801],[-83.2508,41.9715],[-83.249,41.9688],[-83.2518,41.9634],[-83.2551,41.9576],[-83.256,41.9526],[-83.2525,41.9484],[-83.252,41.9457],[-83.2533,41.9434],[-83.259,41.9408],[-83.2616,41.9382],[-83.2629,41.9355],[-83.2653,41.9369],[-83.2768,41.9427],[-83.2927,41.9453],[-83.2946,41.9449],[-83.3008,41.9437],[-83.3128,41.9376],[-83.3225,41.9283],[-83.3278,41.9217],[-83.3295,41.9099],[-83.3307,41.8986],[-83.3327,41.8941],[-83.336,41.8887],[-83.3369,41.8842],[-83.3392,41.8861],[-83.3408,41.892],[-83.3445,41.8925],[-83.3484,41.889],[-83.3514,41.8909],[-83.3556,41.8933],[-83.3617,41.8952],[-83.3656,41.8903],[-83.3632,41.8875],[-83.356,41.8837],[-83.3556,41.8796],[-83.3581,41.8788],[-83.3636,41.8789],[-83.3675,41.8749],[-83.3731,41.8741],[-83.3807,41.8689],[-83.3891,41.86],[-83.3943,41.8538],[-83.3978,41.8461],[-83.405,41.8363],[-83.4122,41.8251],[-83.4186,41.8216],[-83.4235,41.8213],[-83.4253,41.8214],[-83.438,41.813],[-83.4416,41.8027],[-83.4396,41.7913],[-83.4353,41.7775],[-83.4304,41.7633],[-83.4236,41.7482],[-83.4214,41.7431],[-83.4222,41.7381],[-83.426,41.7364],[-83.4302,41.7383],[-83.4294,41.7433],[-83.4291,41.7506],[-83.4326,41.7543],[-83.4324,41.7593],[-83.4335,41.7611],[-83.4445,41.7768],[-83.443,41.7841],[-83.4459,41.7891],[-83.4438,41.7936],[-83.4463,41.7937],[-83.4534,41.7861],[-83.4589,41.7872],[-83.459,41.7854],[-83.4547,41.7834],[-83.4551,41.7762],[-83.4446,41.7618],[-83.4465,41.7596],[-83.4538,41.7625],[-83.4655,41.7632],[-83.4711,41.7602],[-83.4707,41.7565],[-83.4744,41.7553],[-83.4739,41.753],[-83.4665,41.7533],[-83.4624,41.7495],[-83.4637,41.7464],[-83.4675,41.7442],[-83.4737,41.7435],[-83.4774,41.7435],[-83.4781,41.7422],[-83.4751,41.7403],[-83.4796,41.7363],[-83.484,41.7328],[-83.7663,41.7229],[-83.7714,41.9068],[-83.7763,42.0823],[-83.6563,42.0833],[-83.5399,42.0853],[-83.4235,42.0876],[-83.4233,42.0921],[-83.3088,42.0943],[-83.2952,42.0944],[-83.2885,42.0906],[-83.2849,42.0892],[-83.2802,42.0827],[-83.2779,42.0786],[-83.2756,42.0749]]],[[[-83.4507,41.7338],[-83.4611,41.7338],[-83.4586,41.7367],[-83.4566,41.7403],[-83.4535,41.7416],[-83.4505,41.7402],[-83.4487,41.7383],[-83.4494,41.737],[-83.4507,41.7338]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Monroe\",\"state\":\"MI\"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholas, J.R.","contributorId":26673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholas","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Gary L. glrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Gary","email":"glrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brannen, J.R.","contributorId":37376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brannen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":47861,"text":"fs17595 - 1996 - National Advanced Remote Sensing Applications Program (NARSAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"fs17595","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"175-95","title":"National Advanced Remote Sensing Applications Program (NARSAP)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs17595","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, National Advanced Remote Sensing Applications Program (NARSAP) (Discontinued): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 175-95, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17595.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Discontinued","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b491e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":68757,"text":"oc143 - 1996 - Regional stratigraphic cross sections of the Gallup sandstone and associated strata around the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and parts of adjoining Arizona and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-26T12:17:34","indexId":"oc143","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":328,"text":"Oil and Gas Investigation Chart","code":"OC","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"143","title":"Regional stratigraphic cross sections of the Gallup sandstone and associated strata around the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, and parts of adjoining Arizona and Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/oc143","isbn":"0607623225","usgsCitation":"Molenaar, C.M., 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,{"id":30410,"text":"wri964153 - 1996 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Caonillas, Puerto Rico, February 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T09:57:12","indexId":"wri964153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4153","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Caonillas, Puerto Rico, February 1995","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964153","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., and Soler-Lopez, L.R., 1996, Sedimentation survey of Lago Caonillas, Puerto Rico, February 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4153, Report: v, 27 p.; 1 Plate: 23.79 x 28.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964153.","productDescription":"Report: v, 27 p.; 1 Plate: 23.79 x 28.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366882,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4153/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -66.66091918945312,\n              18.247448505257417\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.64615631103516,\n              18.247448505257417\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.64615631103516,\n              18.277606261685143\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.66091918945312,\n              18.277606261685143\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.66091918945312,\n              18.247448505257417\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbc2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Richard M. T. 0000-0001-9531-2207","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207","contributorId":35772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"Richard M. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":69336,"text":"cp44 - 1996 - Mineral-resources map of the Circum-Pacific region, southeast quadrant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:35","indexId":"cp44","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":308,"text":"Circum-Pacific Map","code":"CP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"44","title":"Mineral-resources map of the Circum-Pacific region, southeast quadrant","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/cp44","isbn":"0607855495","usgsCitation":"Corvalan D., J., Guild, P., Piper, D.Z., Swint-Iki, T.R., McCoy, F.W., Sullivan, L.G., Manheim, F., Lane-Bostwick, C.M., and Luepke, G., 1996, Mineral-resources map of the Circum-Pacific region, southeast quadrant: U.S. Geological Survey Circum-Pacific Map 44, 1 map : col. ; 95 x 119 cm., on sheet 102 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (30 p. : maps ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/cp44.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 95 x 119 cm., on sheet 102 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm. + 1 pamphlet (30 p. : maps ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":191492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/cp/44/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":90457,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/cp/44/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":90458,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/cp/44/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166,-70 ], [ -166,16 ], [ -50,16 ], [ -50,-70 ], [ -166,-70 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699f5c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corvalan D., Jose","contributorId":102156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corvalan D.","given":"Jose","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guild, Philip W.","contributorId":96779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guild","given":"Philip W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":280120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swint-Iki, Theresa R.","contributorId":86431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swint-Iki","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McCoy, Floyd W.","contributorId":53041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sullivan, Lawrence G.","contributorId":100480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":280121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lane-Bostwick, Candice M.","contributorId":82402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane-Bostwick","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Luepke, Gretchen","contributorId":91827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luepke","given":"Gretchen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":49782,"text":"ofr96192 - 1996 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (BETHTH00380032) on Town Highway 038, crossing Camp Brook, Bethel, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-06T15:26:45","indexId":"ofr96192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-192","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (BETHTH00380032) on Town Highway 038, crossing Camp Brook, Bethel, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nBETHTH00380032 on town highway 38 crossing Camp Brook, Bethel, Vermont (figures \n1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative \nanalysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). A Level \nI study is included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I study provides a qualitative \ngeomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge available from \nVTAOT files were compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and can be \nfound in Appendix D.\nThe site is in the Green Mountain physiographic province of central Vermont in the town of \nBethel. The 7.57-mi<sup>2</sup> drainage area is predominantly rural and forested. In the vicinity of \nthe study site, the banks have dense woody vegetation coverage.\nIn the study area, Camp Brook is an incised, mildly sinuous channel with a slope of \napproximately 0.018 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 50 ft and an average channel \ndepth of 4 ft. The predominant channel bed material is gravel and cobble (D<sub>50</sub> is 66.4 mm or \n0.218 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on \nSeptember 29, 1994, indicated that the reach was stable.\nThe town highway 38 crossing of Camp Brook is a 32-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting of \none 29-foot span steel beam with timber deck (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommun., August 23, 1994). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with \nwingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 5 degrees to the opening while the \nopening-skew-to-roadway is 0 degrees. \nThe scour protection measures at the site include type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches) at \nboth of the US wingwalls, type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches) at the US and DS right and \nDS left road approaches. The US right bank is protected by an artificial levee with a mix of \nstone fill. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II \nSummary and Appendices D and E.\nScour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described \nin Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1993). Scour depths were \ncalculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size \ndistribution. The scour analysis results are presented in tables 1 and 2 and a graph of the \nscour depths is presented in figure 8.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency and Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Ivanoff, M.A., 1996, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (BETHTH00380032) on Town Highway 038, crossing Camp Brook, Bethel, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-192, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96192.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"33","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96192.png"},{"id":279414,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0192/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Bethel","otherGeospatial":"Camp Brook","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.765979,43.790521 ], [ -72.765979,43.910383 ], [ -72.574443,43.910383 ], [ -72.574443,43.790521 ], [ -72.765979,43.790521 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7f69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ivanoff, Michael A.","contributorId":27105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ivanoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47866,"text":"fs09396 - 1996 - USGS's National Mapping Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:44","indexId":"fs09396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"093-96","title":"USGS's National Mapping Program","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs09396","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, USGS's National Mapping Program (Discontiued): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 093-96, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09396.","productDescription":"NA","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170854,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Discontiued","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4eee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49839,"text":"ofr96582 - 1996 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (CONCTH00030032) on Town Highway 3, crossing the Moose River, Concord, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-05T16:07:22","indexId":"ofr96582","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-582","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (CONCTH00030032) on Town Highway 3, crossing the Moose River, Concord, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nCONCTH00030032 on Town Highway 3 crossing the Moose River, Concord, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this \nreport. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the \nstudy site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation \n(VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is \nfound in Appendix D.\nApproximately 85 percent of the drainage above the site is in the White Mountain section \nand 15 percent is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic \nprovince in northeastern Vermont. The 98.7-mi<sup>2</sup>\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural \nand forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is primarily grass with \nseveral houses and other buildings while the immediate channel banks have dense woody \nvegetation.\nIn the study area, the Moose River has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of \napproximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 83 ft and an average channel \ndepth of 3 ft. The predominant channel bed material is cobble with a median grain size \n(D<sub>50</sub>) of 86.2 mm (0.283 ft). There are bedrock exposures downstream of the bridge. The \ngeomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on August 17, 1995, \nindicated that the reach was stable.\nThe Town Highway 3 crossing of the Moose River is a 96-ft-long, two-lane bridge \nconsisting of two steel-beam spans (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written \ncommunication, March 24, 1995). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments \nwith wingwalls and a concrete pier. The channel is skewed approximately 10 degrees to the \nopening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 0 degrees. \nThe right upstream end of the pier is undermined by 1.3 feet. The footing of the right \nabutment is exposed by as much as 4.0 feet vertically. The footing of the downstream right \nwingwall is exposed 3.5 feet and the end of the wingwall has broken and fallen into the \nriver. Type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) has been placed at the end of the \nexisting wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the \nLevel II Summary and Appendices \nD and E.\nScour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described \nin Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a \nhighway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; \n2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) \nand; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is \nthe sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction \nand local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows.\nContraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 0.7 ft. Abutment scour ranged \nfrom 9.9 to 16.4 ft. Pier scour ranged from 14.4 to 16.2 ft. The worst-case contraction, \nabutment, and pier scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on \nscour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. \nScoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables \n1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour \ndepths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous \nparticle-size distribution. \nIt is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively \nconservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, \ncomputed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but \nnot limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability \nassessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. \nTherefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values \ndocumented herein.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96582","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Olson, S.A., 1996, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 32 (CONCTH00030032) on Town Highway 3, crossing the Moose River, Concord, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-582, iv, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96582.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p.","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":162563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96582.PNG"},{"id":279287,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0582/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Concord","otherGeospatial":"Moose River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.933288,44.35054 ], [ -71.933288,44.505065 ], [ -71.738643,44.505065 ], [ -71.738643,44.35054 ], [ -71.933288,44.35054 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Scott A. 0000-0002-1064-2125 solson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-2125","contributorId":2059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Scott","email":"solson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":240347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":49770,"text":"ofr96155 - 1996 - Level II scour analysis for Bridge 26 (CRAFTH00250026) on Town Highway 25, crossing Black River, Craftsbury, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-12T12:37:54","indexId":"ofr96155","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-155","title":"Level II scour analysis for Bridge 26 (CRAFTH00250026) on Town Highway 25, crossing Black River, Craftsbury, Vermont","docAbstract":"This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure \nCRAFTH00250026 on town highway 25 crossing the Black River, Craftsbury, Vermont \n(figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a \nquantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, \n1993). A Level I study is included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I study provides \na qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, \navailable from VTAOT files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II \nanalyses and can be found in Appendix D.\nThe site is in the New England Upland physiographic province of north-central Vermont in \nthe town of Craftsbury. The 37.8-mi<sup>2</sup>\n drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested\nbasin. In the vicinity of the study site, the flood plains are pasture and the banks have no \nwoody vegetation coverage.\nIn the study area, the Black River is not incised, has a sinuous channel with a slope of \napproximately 0.0004 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 32 ft, and an average channel \ndepth of 4 ft. The predominant channel bed material is sand (D<sub>50</sub> is 0.802 mm or 0.00263 \nft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on October \n6, 1994, indicated that the reach was laterally unstable.\nThe town highway 25 crossing of the Black Riveris a 42-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting \nof one 40-foot clear-span steel stringer type structure with a timber deck (Vermont Agency \nof Transportation, written commun., August 4, 1994). The bridge is supported by concrete capped, granite-block abutments with wingwalls (except for the downstream side of the left \nabutment). The channel is skewed to the opening by approximately 20 degrees and there is \nno opening-skew-to-roadway. \nA scour hole 5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed centered at 50 ft \nupstream of the bridge during the Level I assessment. There is sparse type-2 stone fill along \nthe right abutment and right wingwalls. Additional details describing conditions at the site \nare included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E.\nScour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described \nin Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1993). Scour depths were \ncalculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size \ndistribution. The scour analysis results are presented in tables 1 and 2 and a graph of the \nscour depths is presented in figure 8.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Pembroke, NH","doi":"10.3133/ofr96155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Vermont Agency of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Ayotte, J., 1996, Level II scour analysis for Bridge 26 (CRAFTH00250026) on Town Highway 25, crossing Black River, Craftsbury, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-155, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96155.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr96155.PNG"},{"id":279426,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0155/report.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Vermont","city":"Craftsbury","otherGeospatial":"Black River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,44.625 ], [ -77.5,44.75 ], [ -72.375,44.75 ], [ -72.375,44.625 ], [ -77.5,44.625 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":240236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23810,"text":"ofr96117 - 1996 - Geohydrology and potential water-supply development on Bumkin, Gallops, Georges, Grape, Lovell, and Peddocks Islands, eastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T10:41:23","indexId":"ofr96117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-117","title":"Geohydrology and potential water-supply development on Bumkin, Gallops, Georges, Grape, Lovell, and Peddocks Islands, eastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>An investigation of the geohydrology and of the potential for water-supply development on several of the Boston Harbor Islands, eastern Massachusetts, was conducted to evaluate the possibility of developing a permanent small-capacity water supply to support recreational activities, such as camping, hiking, and swimming. The Boston Harbor Islands, including Bumkin, Gallops, Georges, Grape, Lovell, and Peddocks Islands are part of a larger group of glacially deposited drumlins, which are composed of thick, dense, homogeneous till in their core that are overlain by a thin layer of stratified-beach deposits. The surficial materials over-lie a weathered zone of the metasedimentary Cambridge Argillite in the Boston Harbor area and were deposited by continental ice sheets that covered New England twice during the late Pleistocene Epoch, and by near-shore processes in the Holocene Epoch. The thickness of these materials range from less than 1 to about 300 feet where present. </p><p>The till was deposited by glacial ice and is characterized as an unsorted matrix of sand, silt, and clay with variable amounts of stones and large boulders. The stratified deposits primarily consist of sorted and layered sand and gravel that accumulated and formed the beaches and tombolos of the harbor islands. These deposits overlie the till at altitudes generally less than 10 feet above sea level.</p><p> A cross-sectional, ground-water-flow model was developed to estimate depth to the water table for a hypothetical drumlin-island flow system, which was assumed to be representative of the drumlin islands in Boston Harbor. Areas were identified in each island flow system with the greatest potential for small-capacity water-supply development based on the model-calculated depth to water and surficial geology of the islands. Model-calculated depth to water estimates were used because of the lack of available hydrologic data for the islands. Model results indicate that the simulated depth to water is less than 20 feet within 240 feet from the shore of the hypothetical drumlin-island flow system. This area on the topographic maps of the six Boston Harbor Islands roughly coincides with the high transmissivity zones of stratified-beach deposits and weathered till on the lower slopes of the drumlins where ground-water discharge and surface and subsurface runoff occurs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96117","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Stone, B.D., and Rendigs, R., 1996, Geohydrology and potential water-supply development on Bumkin, Gallops, Georges, Grape, Lovell, and Peddocks Islands, eastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-117, iii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96117.","productDescription":"iii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience 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,{"id":54836,"text":"wdrNV951 - 1996 - Water Resources Data, Nevada, Water Year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-23T13:07:35","indexId":"wdrNV951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-95-1","title":"Water Resources Data, Nevada, Water Year 1995","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data published herein for the 1995 water year comprise the following records:</p><ul><li>Water discharge for 178 gaging stations on streams, canals and drains.</li><li>Discharge for 113 peak-flow stations and miscellaneous sites, and 46 springs.</li><li>Stage and contents for 22 lakes and reservoirs.</li><li>Water-quality data for 171 stream, lake, canal, spring, precipitation, and drain sites, and 111 wells.<br>Precipitation totals for 58 stations.</li><li>Water levels for 17 continuous record wells, and 1022 observation wells.</li></ul><p>Additional water-data, collected at various sites that are not part of the systematic data-collection program, are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV951","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Bauer, D.J., Foster, B.J., Joyner, J.D., and Swanson, R.A., 1996, Water Resources Data, Nevada, Water Year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-95-1, xviii, 734 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV951.","productDescription":"xviii, 734 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1995/nv-95-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":367632,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1995/nv-95-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":54390,"text":"wdrAR951 - 1996 - Water resources data, Arkansas, water year 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-09T18:31:07.557524","indexId":"wdrAR951","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AR-95-1","title":"Water resources data, Arkansas, water year 1995","docAbstract":"<p>The Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with State, Federal, and other local governmental agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the water resources of Arkansas each year. These data, accumulated during many water years, constitute a valuable data base for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State.</p><p>Water resources data reported for the 1995 water year for Arkansas consist of records of discharge and water quality (physical measurements and chemical concentrations) of streams; water quality of lakes; and ground-water levels and ground-water quality. Data from selected sites in Missouri and Oklahoma are also included. This report contains daily discharge records for 49surface-water gaging stations and four daily sediment stations; water quality for 146 surface-water stations, 110 ground-water quality wells and springs, 8 ground-water-level observation wells, and one precipitation-quality station. Also included are data for 102 peak-discharge partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with State and Federal agencies in Arkansas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAR951","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arkansas and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Porter, J., Evans, D., and Pugh, A., 1996, Water resources data, Arkansas, water year 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AR-95-1, viii, 408 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAR951.","productDescription":"viii, 408 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":490285,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1995/ar-95-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174894,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1995/ar-95-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":5115,"text":"fs13496 - 1996 - Technology transfer opportunities : patent licenses : fluid controlled isokinetic fluid sampler","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"fs13496","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"134-96","title":"Technology transfer opportunities : patent licenses : fluid controlled isokinetic fluid sampler","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geologic Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs13496","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, Technology transfer opportunities : patent licenses : fluid controlled isokinetic fluid sampler: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 134-96, 2 sheets ;  28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs13496.","productDescription":"2 sheets ;  28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":507,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.usgs.gov/tech-transfer/factsheets/FS-96-134.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117074,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0134/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0134/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db6859a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":6700,"text":"fs09896 - 1996 - Puerto Rico water-use program : public-supply water use and wastewater disposal during 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:46","indexId":"fs09896","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"098-96","title":"Puerto Rico water-use program : public-supply water use and wastewater disposal during 1990","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs09896","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., 1996, Puerto Rico water-use program : public-supply water use and wastewater disposal during 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 098-96, [3] p. : col. maps ; 28 cm. col. maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs09896.","productDescription":"[3] p. : col. maps ; 28 cm. col. maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117632,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_098_96.jpg"},{"id":753,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pr.water.usgs.gov/public/online_pubs/fs_098_96/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655c33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Rivera, Wanda L. 0000-0001-5856-283X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-283X","contributorId":54190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molina-Rivera","given":"Wanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5411,"text":"fs16596 - 1996 - Vulnerability of public drinking water supplies in New Jersey to pesticides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T14:21:14","indexId":"fs16596","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"165-96","title":"Vulnerability of public drinking water supplies in New Jersey to pesticides","docAbstract":"<p>Beginning in 1993, Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) regulations required the 626 large community water systems in New Jersey to monitor their 2,600 wells and 45 surface-water intakes quarterly for 23 pesticides. Monitoring costs would increase consumers&rsquo; water bills by $6.4 million each year. The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) can waive monitoring requirements for wells or intakes that are not vulnerable to pesticide contamination.</p>\n<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with NJDEP, determined the vulnerability of wells and surface-water intakes to pesticide contamination on the basis of hydrogeology and pesticide use. The NJDEP estimated that because many wells and intakes are not vulnerable to contamination by pesticides, monitoring waivers will save taxpayers at least $5.1 million annually for a one-time study cost of $1 million.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16596","usgsCitation":"Vowinkel, E.F., Clawges, R., Buxton, D., Stedfast, D., and Louis, J., 1996, Vulnerability of public drinking water supplies in New Jersey to pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 165-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16596.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_165_96.jpg"},{"id":524,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New 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,{"id":70203882,"text":"70203882 - 1996 - A sexing technique for California Gulls breeding at Bamforth Lake, Wyoming (Una tecnica para determinar sexos en larus californicus reproduciendose en el Lago Bamforth, Wyoming)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-18T15:27:35","indexId":"70203882","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T15:17:29","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A sexing technique for California Gulls breeding at Bamforth Lake, Wyoming (Una tecnica para determinar sexos en larus californicus reproduciendose en el Lago Bamforth, Wyoming)","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used morphological characteristics to determine the sex of California Gulls (<i>Larus californicus</i>) nesting at Bamforth Lake, Wyoming. Using univariate and multivariate techniques, we evaluated sexual dimorphism in five external measurements taken from 614 California Gulls: bill length, bill depth, head-bill length, tarsus length, and body mass. Males were significantly larger than females for all measurements. The greatest difference between the sexes occurred in head-bill length, bill depth, and tarsus length. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assign individuals to a sex class. Sex could be accurately determined using only three variables: head-bill length, bill depth, and tarsus length. Using the logistic function generated from our initial sample, we obtained correct classification of sex in 99.2% and 97.0% of the gulls in two additional validation samples.&nbsp; </span></p><p><span>Utilizamos las características morfológicas para determinar el sexo en una población de Larus californicus anidando en el Lago Bamforth de Wyoming. Evalumos el dimorfismo sexual en la especie utilizando técnicas de univarianza y multivarianza en cinco medidas externas (largo del pico, profundidad del pico, largo de cabeza y pico, largo del tarso y masa corporal) tomadas en 614 aves. Los machos fueron significativamente más grandes que las hembras en todas las medidas. La mayor diferencia entre los sexos se encontró en largo de cabeza y pico, profundidad del pico y largo del tarso. Se usó un modelo de regresión logística multiple para asignar individuos a un grupo genérico. El sexo se podía determinar con precisión utilizando solo tres variables: largo de cabeza y pico, profundidad del pico y largo del tarso. Usando la función logística generada por nuestra muestra inicial, obtuvimos la clasificación al género correcto en 99.2% y 97.0% de las aves en dos muestreos adicionales de validación.</span></p>","language":"English, Spanish","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B.H., 1996, A sexing technique for California Gulls breeding at Bamforth Lake, Wyoming (Una tecnica para determinar sexos en larus californicus reproduciendose en el Lago Bamforth, Wyoming): Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 67, no. 4, p. 519-524.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"524","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364803,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364802,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4514153"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Albany County","otherGeospatial":"Bamforth Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.7448673248291,\n              41.37353990347627\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.73984622955322,\n              41.37353990347627\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.73984622955322,\n              41.377243301503945\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7448673248291,\n              41.377243301503945\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.7448673248291,\n              41.37353990347627\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70230546,"text":"70230546 - 1995 - Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-15T15:08:44.792619","indexId":"70230546","displayToPublicDate":"2022-04-15T10:06:49","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1662,"text":"Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1995, Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process: Fisheries Review, v. 40, no. 4.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"282","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":398825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":91601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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