Mg-suite noritic rocks can be divided into two groups, the Mg-gabbronorites and the Mg-norites. The rocks of these groups differ in ratios of high-Ca pyroxene to total pyroxene, compositions of pyroxene and plagioclase, assemblages of Ti-, Nb-, and Zr-bearing minerals, compositions of chrome spinel, bulk-rock Ti/Sm and Sc/Sm, and measured ages. The two groups probably crystallized from different types of parent magmas. Two hypotheses are offered for the differences in composition of the parent magmas. One hypothesis ascribes the differences to compositional heterogeneity of the mantle source areas. The other hypothesis ascribes the differences to variations in extent of partial melting of the mantle source regions and variations in extent of assimilation of the anorthosite and the highly differentiated residual liquid that were produced during the primordial lunar differentiation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iS02p0A603","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"James, O., and Flohr, M., 1983, Subdivision of the Mg-suite noritic rocks into Mg-gabbronorites and Mg-norites: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. S02, p. A603-A614, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iS02p0A603.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"A603","endPage":"A614","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220897,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"S02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d0be4b08c986b31d5ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, O.B.","contributorId":100526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"O.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flohr, M.K.","contributorId":80012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flohr","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011325,"text":"70011325 - 1983 - Late Holocene ice wedges near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Environmental setting and history of growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T16:54:43","indexId":"70011325","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":898,"text":"Arctic and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene ice wedges near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Environmental setting and history of growth","docAbstract":"Test trenches excavated into muskeg near Fairbanks in 1969 exposed a polygonal network of active ice wedges. The wedges occur in peat that has accumulated since about 3500 yr BP and have grown episodically as the permafrost table fluctuated in response to fires, other local site conditions and perhaps regional climatic changes. Radiocarbon dates suggest one or two episodes of ice-wedge growth between about 3500 and 2000 yr BP as woody peat accumulated at the site. Subsequent wedge truncation evidently followed a fire that charred the peat. Younger peat exhibits facies changes between sedge-rich components that filled troughs over the ice wedges and woody bryophytic deposits that formed beyond the troughs. A final episode of wedge development took place within the past few hundred years. Pollen data from the site indicate that boreal forest was present throughout the past 6000 yr, but that it underwent a gradual transition from a predominantly deciduous to a spruce-dominated assemblage. This change may reflect either local site conditions or a more general climatic shift to cooler, moister summers in late Holocene time. The history of ice-wedge growth shows that wedges can form and grow to more than 1 m apparent width under mean annual temperatures that probably are close to those of the Fairbanks area today (-3.5°C) and under vegetation cover similar to that of the interior Alaskan boreal forest. The commonly held belief that ice wedges develop only below mean annual air temperatures of -6 to -8°C in the zone of continuous permafrost is invalid.
","language":"English","publisher":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","doi":"10.2307/1550918","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., Ager, T.A., and Robinson, S., 1983, Late Holocene ice wedges near Fairbanks, Alaska, USA: Environmental setting and history of growth: Arctic and Alpine Research, v. 15, no. 2, p. 157-168, https://doi.org/10.2307/1550918.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a44e7e4b0c8380cd66eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011324,"text":"70011324 - 1983 - Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-07T13:43:06","indexId":"70011324","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples","docAbstract":"The probability density function for the sample serial correlation coefficient r can be approximated byf(r) = (β(½, ½(T + 1)))−1(1 − r2)½(T− 1)(1+ c2 − 2cr)−½(T), whereβ is the Beta function, T= n− 2, c = ρ − [(1 + ρ)/(n − 3)], n is the number of observations, and ρ is the population lag one serial correlation. This distribution is derived from a large Monte Carlo study at points between ρ= −0.9 and ρ = 0.9 and for n =10, 20, and 30.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i002p00579","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., 1983, Approximate sampling distribution of the serial correlation coefficient for small samples: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 2, p. 579-582, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i002p00579.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"579","endPage":"582","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecffe4b0c8380cd4956c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":83097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70011310,"text":"70011310 - 1983 - Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-20T16:39:42.048953","indexId":"70011310","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1531,"text":"Environmental Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land-use planning: One geologist's viewpoint","docAbstract":"Planning for the best use of land and its resources should take fully into consideration the long-term consequences of each type of use in order to stretch out most beneficially the well-being of society in the future, and to protect the integrity of the land and its biota. Three kinds of land-use can be distinguished for planning purposes. Reversible land-use leaves the land, after use, essentially as it was before; little or no man-induced modification remains. An example of reversible use in the United States is the designation of certain public lands as Wilderness. Terminal land-use commits the land to a chosen particular use, and any attempt at reversal requires either time-scales that are long compared with the expected lifespan of the social and political institution, or a commitment of resources that is too high for society to consider worth bearing. Examples of terminal land-use are location of metropolises and sites of toxic and/or radioactive waste disposals; by its nature the list grows monotonically. A current source of some social tension arises from the fact that Wilderness designation appears to assign a terminal-use status by legislative fiat, whereas in fact the land is being used reversibly.
The coseismic slip and geometry of the March 15, 1979, Homestead Valley, California, earthquake sequence are well constrained by precise horizontal and vertical geodetic observations and by data from a dense local seismic network. These observations indicate 0.52±0.10 m of right-lateral slip and 0.17±0.04 m of reverse slip on a buried vertical 6-km-long and 5-km-deep fault and yield a mean static stress drop of 7.2±1.3 MPa. The largest shock had MS = 5.6. Observations of the ground rupture revealed up to 0.1 m of right-lateral slip on two mapped faults that are subparallel to the modeled seismic slip plane. In the 1.9 years since the earthquakes, geodetic network displacements indicate that an additional 60±10 mm of postseismic creep took place. The rate of postseismic shear strain (0.53±0.13 μrad/yr) measured within a 30×30-km network centered on the principal events was anomalously high compared to its preearthquake value and the postseismic rate in the adjacent network. This transient cannot be explained by postseismic slip on the seismic fault but rather indicates that broadscale release of strain followed the earthquake sequence. We have calculated the postearthquake stress field caused by the modeled coseismic slip. We assume that failure is promoted when the sum of the shear stress plus 0.75 times the faultopening stress increases. Most aftershocks concentrate at points where the stresses are enhanced by 0.3 MPa (3 bars) or more; aftershocks are nearly absent where postearthquake stresses decrease by 0.3–0.5 MPa. Isolated off-fault clusters of aftershocks that locate at one fault length from the rupture plane are explainable by this hypothesis. We find that ground rupture and postseismic creep take place where near-surface stresses are calculated to increase within the preexisting fault zones. Two patches that extend 4 km from both ends of the seismic fault exhibited neither aftershocks nor measurable postseismic creep. The sensitivity of aftershocks and ground rupture to changes in stress that are less than 5% of the earthquake stress drop demonstrates that the region around the earthquakes was within a few percent of its failure threshold before the main shocks. The preearthquake stress field and the stress required for failure must also have been nearly uniform.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB08p06477","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., and Lisowski, M., 1983, The 1979 Homestead Valley earthquake sequence, California: Control of aftershocks and postseismic deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B8, p. 6477-6490, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB08p06477.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"6477","endPage":"6490","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221281,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba627e4b08c986b320f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lisowski, M.","contributorId":70381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011275,"text":"70011275 - 1983 - Faulting arrested by control of ground-water withdrawal in Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-26T13:07:46.02718","indexId":"70011275","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Faulting arrested by control of ground-water withdrawal in Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"More than 86 historically active faults with an aggregate length of 150 miles have been identified within and adjacent to the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area. Although scarps of these faults grow gradually and without causing damaging earthquakes, historical fault offset has cost millions of dollars in damage to houses and other buildings, utilities, and highways that were built on or across the faults. The historical fault activity results from renewed movement along preexisting faults and appears to be caused principally by withdrawal of ground water for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses in the Houston area. Approximately one-half of the area's water supply is obtained from local ground water. Monitoring by the US Geological Survey of heights of fault scarps indicates that many of the scarps have recently stopped increasing in height. The area where faulting has ceased coincides with the area where ground-water pumping was cut back in the mid-1970s to slow the damage caused by land subsidence along Galveston Bay and the Houston Ship Channel. Thus, it appears that efforts to halt land subsidence in the coastal area have provided the additional benefit of arresting damaging surface faulting. -from Authors
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., Gabrysch, R., and Verbeek, E., 1983, Faulting arrested by control of ground-water withdrawal in Houston, Texas: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 15, no. 6, p. 204-209.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"209","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70011275/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":282969,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70011275/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.97 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 30\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f24e4b0c8380cd537be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.","contributorId":17368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gabrysch, R.K.","contributorId":105691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabrysch","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Verbeek, E.R.","contributorId":61439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verbeek","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011251,"text":"70011251 - 1983 - Distribution of differentiated tholeiitic basalts on the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: A possible guide to geothermal exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-31T01:38:15.121082","indexId":"70011251","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of differentiated tholeiitic basalts on the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: A possible guide to geothermal exploration","docAbstract":"Geologic mapping of the lower east rift zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, indicates that more than 100 eruptions have extruded an estimated 10 km3 of basalt during the past 2,000 yr. Six eruptions in the past 200 yr have extruded about 1 km3. The eruptive recurrence interval has ranged from 1 to 115 yr since the middle 18th century and has averaged 20 yr or less over the past 2,000 yr.
One hundred new chemical analyses indicate that the erupted tholeiites commonly are differentiated beyond olivine control or are hybrid mixtures of differentiates with more mafic (olivine-controlled) summit magmas. The distribution of vents for differentiated lavas indicates that several large magma chambers underlie the lower east rift zone. Several workers have recognized that a chamber underlies the area near a producing well, HGP-A; petrologic and 14C data indicate that it has existed for at least 1,300 yr. Stratigraphy, petrology, and surface deformation patterns suggest that two other areas, Heiheiahulu and Kaliu, also overlie large magma chambers and appear to be favorable geothermal prospects.
Experiments were carried out in the laboratory to test a theory of transient flow of pure steam in a uniform porous medium. This theory is used in modeling pressure transient behavior in vapor dominated geothermal systems. Transient, superheated steam flow experiments were run by bringing a cylinder of porous material to a uniform initial pressure and then making a step increase in pressure at one end of the sample while monitoring the pressure transient breakthrough at the other end. It was found in experiments run at 100°, 125°, and 146°C that the time required for steam pressure transients to propagate through an unconsolidated material containing sand, silt, and clay was 10–25 times longer than predicted by conventional superheated steam flow theory. It is hypothesized that the delay in the steam pressure transient was caused by adsorption of steam in the porous sample. In order to account for steam adsorption, a sink term was included in the conservation of mass equation. In addition, energy transfer in the system has to be considered because latent heat is released when steam adsorption occurs, increasing the sample temperature by as much as 10°C. Finally, it was recognized that the steam pressure was a function of both the temperature and the amount of adsorption in the sample. This function was assumed to be an equilibrium adsorption isotherm, which was determined by experiment. By solving the modified mass and energy equations numerically, subject to the empirical adsorption isotherm relationship, excellent theoretical simulation of the experiments was achieved.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR019i004p00931","usgsCitation":"Herkelrath, W., Moench, A., and O’Neal, I.C., 1983, Laboratory investigations of steam flow in a porous medium: Water Resources Research, v. 19, no. 4, p. 931-937, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR019i004p00931.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"937","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a410ce4b0c8380cd6526b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moench, A.F.","contributorId":91495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moench","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neal, II C. F. C. F.","contributorId":51456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neal","given":"II","suffix":"C. F.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70011216,"text":"70011216 - 1983 - Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from Loihi Seamount and the Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-26T21:56:15.70588","indexId":"70011216","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from Loihi Seamount and the Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"Helium isotopic ratios ranging from 20 to 32 times the atmospheric 3He 4He(RA) have been observed in a suite of 15 basaltic glasses from the Loihi Seamount. These ratios, which are up to four times higher than those of MORB glasses and more than twice those of nearby Kilauea, are strongly suggestive of a primitive source of volatiles supplying this volcanism. The Loihi glasses measured span a broad compositional range, and the 3He/4He ratios were found to be generally lower for the alkali basalts than for the tholeiites. The component with a lower 3He 4He ratio appears to be associated with olivine xenocrysts, within which fluid inclusions are probably the carrier of contaminant helium. One Loihi sample has a much lower isotopic ratio (<5 RA), but a combination of low He concentration, high vesicularity, and presence of cracks lined with clay minerals suggests that the low ratio is due to gas loss and contamination by atmospheric helium. Crushing and melting experiments show that for modest vesicularities (<5% by volume) the Loihi glasses obey a MORB-type partitioning trend, but at higher vesicularities the data show considerably more scatter due to volatile mobilization. The high vesicularities, low extrusion pressure and generally low helium concentrations are consistent with a considerable degree of degassing. Analyses of dunites, plus a correlation between total helium concentrations with xenocryst abundances also suggest that xenocrysts are a significant carrier of contaminating (low 3He 4He) helium. 3He 4He ratios from samples of other Hawaiian volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Hualalai, and Mauna Kea) show a smooth decrease in 3He 4He with increasing volcano age and volume. We interpret this to be a synoptic picture of the time evolution of a hot-spot diapir: the earliest stage is characterized by primitive (> 30 RA) helium with some (variable) component of lithospheric contamination added during \"breakthrough\", while the later stages are characterized by a relaxation toward lithospheric 3He 4He ratios (??? 8 RA) due to isolation of the diapir from the mantle below (as the plate moves on), and subsequent mining of the inherited helium and contamination from the surrounding lithosphere. The abrupt contrast in 3He 4He ratios between Kilauea and Loihi, despite their close proximity, is indicative of the small lateral extent of the plume. ?? 1983.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(83)90154-1","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Kurz, M., Jenkins, W., Hart, S., and Clague, D., 1983, Helium isotopic variations in volcanic rocks from Loihi Seamount and the Island of Hawaii: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 66, no. C, p. 388-406, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(83)90154-1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 18.812717856407776\n ],\n [\n -154.522705078125,\n 18.812717856407776\n ],\n [\n -154.522705078125,\n 20.354927584117682\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 20.354927584117682\n ],\n [\n -156.62109374999997,\n 18.812717856407776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3040e4b0c8380cd5d4a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kurz, M.D.","contributorId":66845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurz","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, W.J.","contributorId":101385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"W.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, S.R.","contributorId":70921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clague, David","contributorId":86388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clague","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70011202,"text":"70011202 - 1983 - Iron disulfide minerals and the genesis of roll-type uranium deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:59:13.935738","indexId":"70011202","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron disulfide minerals and the genesis of roll-type uranium deposits","docAbstract":"FeS 2 minerals in host rocks for deposits that contain fossil vegetal (organic) matter differ in abundance, distribution, texture, and sulfur isotopic ratios from FeS 2 minerals in host rocks for deposits that do not contain fossil vegetal matter. In three South Texas deposits lacking such organic matter, preore FeS 2 is dominantly euhedral pyrite which formed in response to solutions emanating from these faults. Ore-stage FeS 2 is dominantly marcasite that occurs as overgrowths on preore pyrite. In three deposits (two in Wyoming and one in Texas) that contain organic matter, preore FeS 2 is also dominantly pyrite, but it occurs commonly as framboids and as replacements of plant fragments and is formed by bacterial sulfate reduction during early diagenesis and may be isotopically distinct from pyrite formed from fault-related fluids. Ore-stage FeS 2 in these deposits is primarily pyrite. Bacterial sulfate reduction provided sulfide for ore-stage pyrite in deposits which contain organic matter. Abiologic sulfur transformations tend to produce ore-stage marcasite in deposits that do not contain organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.78.1.105","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., and Goldhaber, M., 1983, Iron disulfide minerals and the genesis of roll-type uranium deposits: Economic Geology, v. 78, no. 1, p. 105-120, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.78.1.105.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221651,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1983-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ee9e4b0c8380cd6412f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":360525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011199,"text":"70011199 - 1983 - Analysis of spurious oscillation modes for the shallow water and Navier-Stokes equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T16:06:38.028715","indexId":"70011199","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1314,"text":"Computers and Fluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of spurious oscillation modes for the shallow water and Navier-Stokes equations","docAbstract":"The origin and nature of spurious oscillation modes that appear in mixed finite element methods are examined. In particular, the shallow water equations are considered and a modal analysis for the one-dimensional problem is developed. From the resulting dispersion relations we find that the spurious modes in elevation are associated with zero frequency and large wave number (wavelengths of the order of the nodal spacing) and consequently are zero-velocity modes. The spurious modal behavior is the result of the finite spatial discretization. By means of an artificial compressibility and limiting argument we are able to resolve the similar problem for the Navier-Stokes equations. The relationship of this simpler analysis to alternative consistency arguments is explained. This modal approach provides an explanation of the phenomenon in question and permits us to deduce the cause of the very complex behavior of spurious modes observed in numerical experiments with the shallow water equations and Navier-Stokes equations. Furthermore, this analysis is not limited to finite element formulations, but is also applicable to finite difference formulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-7930(83)90013-0","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., and Carey, G.F., 1983, Analysis of spurious oscillation modes for the shallow water and Navier-Stokes equations: Computers and Fluids, v. 11, no. 1, p. 51-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7930(83)90013-0.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb32e4b0c8380cd48c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carey, G. F.","contributorId":86106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70011197,"text":"70011197 - 1983 - Scoresum - A technique for displaying and evaluating multi-element geochemical information, with examples of its use in regional mineral assessment programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:52:51.250953","indexId":"70011197","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scoresum - A technique for displaying and evaluating multi-element geochemical information, with examples of its use in regional mineral assessment programs","docAbstract":"A new major frontier of geological research, which was initiated in the 1970's, involves predicting future geologic trends or events through study of the present and past, rather than trying to understand the past, often using what one knows about the present. Like most scientific frontiers, this one began from practical considerations—environmental concerns. The lack of formal recognition of this frontier results from fragmentation among many Federal agencies and highly focused mission-oriented programs (e.g., earthquake prediction, CO2, nuclear-energy safety, etc.). Most programs aim to predict only the next 50–100 years, but much longer periods of the past need to be studied to do this. Nuclear-waste disposal has sometimes been considered in terms of the next million years, a period of time permitting significant and broad geologic changes. Decreasing public interest in environmental concerns relegates many questions from the realm of applied research back to that of basic research. Most of these questions are so fascinating, however, that the frontier is still worth pursuing. Such questions include whether a phenomenon will or will not take place and the rates at which it can develop (e.g., how fast do rifts form, how fast can a caldera event begin, and how quickly can a glacial maximum arrive?). Common elements of all studies include the historic record, trends in the Quaternary, analogues in various periods of the geologic time scale, and allowance for phenomena never experienced before. Other examples of studies include the Cretaceous as a period of a climatic extreme, an especially interesting time period; establishing the amount of paleocloudiness, a particularly challenging and important research area; acid rain as a possible new phenomenon. Geochemistry has much to contribute to this frontier science.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(83)90293-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Doe, B.R., 1983, The past is the key to the future: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 47, no. 8, p. 1341-1354, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(83)90293-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1341","endPage":"1354","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae7fe4b08c986b32413a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doe, B. R.","contributorId":52173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doe","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70010554,"text":"70010554 - 1983 - A strategy for mineral and energy resource independence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:55:04","indexId":"70010554","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A strategy for mineral and energy resource independence","docAbstract":"Data acquired by Landsats 1, 2, and 3, are beginning to provide the information on which an improved mineral and energy resource exploration strategy can be based. Landsat 4 is expected to augment this capability with its higher resolution (30 m) and additional spectral bands in the Thematic Mapper (TM) designed specifically to discriminate clay minerals associated with mineral alteration. In addition, a new global magnetic anomaly map, derived from the recent Magsat mission, has recently been compiled by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and others. Preliminary, extremely small-scale renditions of this map indicate that global coverage is nearly complete and that the map will improve upon a previous one derived from Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (POGO) data. Digital processing of the Landsat image data and Magsat geophysical data can be used to create three-dimensional stereoscopic models for which Landsat images provide surface reference to deep structural anomalies. Comparative studies of national Landsat lineament maps, Magsat stereoscopic models, and metallogenic information derived from the Computerized Resources Information Bank (CRIB) inventory of U.S. mineral resources, provide a way of identifying and selecting exploration areas that have mineral resource potential. Landsat images and computer-compatible tapes can provide new and better mosaics and also provide the capability for a closer look at promising sites. ?? 1983.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(83)90124-2","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Carter, W.D., 1983, A strategy for mineral and energy resource independence: Advances in Space Research, v. 3, no. 2, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(83)90124-2.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218963,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267879,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(83)90124-2"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5b5e4b0c8380cd46f22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, W. D.","contributorId":75633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":359161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014529,"text":"1014529 - 1983 - Inbreeding in fish populations used for aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T14:49:26.080773","indexId":"1014529","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":853,"text":"Aquaculture","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inbreeding in fish populations used for aquaculture","docAbstract":"The theoretical causes of inbreeding depression are reviewed. Studies to measure depression at a series of inbreeding levels in rainbow trout populations using the method of inbred-outbred half-sib families are discussed. While the actual depression estimates varied widely between populations and inbreeding levels, significant levels of depression were found in many hatchery, field, and brood stock performance traits after only one generation of brother-sister mating. Especially susceptible to inbreeding depression, were measures of growth based upon attained fish weight at a given age in each test situation examined: 147 day weight (0.0 to 19.1%), 364 day weight (6.2 to 62.8%), weight after 6 months in fishing pond (−4.6 to 25.4%), weight after 12 months in fishing pond (13.0 to 29.1%), 2-year male weight (11.3 to 55.3%), and 2-year female weight (10.2 to 57.0%). Other hatchery performance traits that showed inbreeding depression were: egg hatch-ability (−0.2 to 53.1%), fry survival (0.4 to 8.2%), feed conversion efficiency (5.0 to 9.0%), fish length at 2-years of age (4.7 to 36.9%), and egg mass produced at 2-years (12.1 to 57.0%). Field performance traits that yielded inbreeding depression were percent recovery of fish stocked (−2.5 to 41.1%) and biomass index (16.2 to 47.7%).
Literature on the effects of inbreeding in fish populations is reviewed and the breeding approaches for controlling the rate of inbreeding accumulation in brood stock populations are outlined and discussed.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(83)90402-7","usgsCitation":"Kincaid, H.L., 1983, Inbreeding in fish populations used for aquaculture: Aquaculture, v. 33, no. 1-4, p. 215-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(83)90402-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f58f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kincaid, Harold L.","contributorId":15978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kincaid","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70182079,"text":"70182079 - 1983 - Observations of emperor geese feeding at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T10:52:22","indexId":"70182079","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of emperor geese feeding at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"Estuaries along the north side of the Alaska Peninsula provide essential habitat for most of the American population of Emperor Goose (Chen canagica) during migration (Petersen and Gill 1982). Most of the population passes through Nelson Lagoon in spring and fall, with over 40,000 birds recorded there (Gill et al 1981). Little is known about the feeding activity of Emperor Geese while they are in estuaries, and the importance of estuaries as staging areas during spring and fall migration is poorly understood. Here I report observations on the feeding activity of emperor Geese at one estuary (Nelson Lagoon).
","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.2307/1367079","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 1983, Observations of emperor geese feeding at Nelson Lagoon, Alaska: The Condor, v. 85, no. 3, p. 367-368, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367079.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"367","endPage":"368","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1367079","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Nelson Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.51824951171875,\n 55.86259698254748\n ],\n [\n -160.8007049560547,\n 55.86259698254748\n ],\n [\n -160.8007049560547,\n 56.05976947910657\n ],\n [\n -161.51824951171875,\n 56.05976947910657\n ],\n [\n -161.51824951171875,\n 55.86259698254748\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a5770de4b057081a24eec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185619,"text":"70185619 - 1983 - Complexation of copper by aquatic humic substances from different environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:52:46","indexId":"70185619","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complexation of copper by aquatic humic substances from different environments","docAbstract":"The copper-complexing properties of aquatic humic substances isolated from eighteen different environments were characterized by potentiometric titration, using a cupric ion selective electrode. Potentiometric data were analyzed using FITEQL, a computer program for the determination of chemical equilibrium constants from experimental data. All the aquatic humic substances could be modelled as having two types of Cu(II)-binding sites: one with K equal to about 106 and a concentration of 1.0 ± 0.4 × 10−6 M(mg C)−1 and another with K equal to about 108 and a concentration of 2.6 ± 1.6 × 10−7 M(mg C)−1.
A method is described for estimating the Cu(II)-binding sites associated with dissolved humic substances in natural water based on a measurement of dissolved organic carbon, which may be helpful in evaluating chemical processes controlling speciation of Cu and bioavailability of Cu to aquatic organisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0048-9697(83)80008-4","usgsCitation":"McKnight, D.M., Feder, G., Thurman, E.M., and Wershaw, R.L., 1983, Complexation of copper by aquatic humic substances from different environments: Science of the Total Environment, v. 28, no. 1-3, p. 65-76, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(83)80008-4.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"65","endPage":"76","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63040e4b05ec799131119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feder, Gerald L.","contributorId":60192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feder","given":"Gerald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wershaw, Robert L. rwershaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":4856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"Robert","email":"rwershaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":686135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184434,"text":"70184434 - 1983 - Populations and habitat use of marine birds in the Semidi Islands, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T15:27:08","indexId":"70184434","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2793,"text":"Murrelet","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Populations and habitat use of marine birds in the Semidi Islands, Alaska","docAbstract":"About one-quarter of the resident seabirds in the Gulf of Alaska breed on the Semidi Islands. In terms of biomass, the proportion is closer to one-third. The most abundant birds are Common and Thick-billed Murres, with a combined population exceeding 1 million birds. Hundreds of thousands of Horned Puffins breed in burrows on two islands. Other species numbering more than 100,000 individuals include the Northern Fulmar, Fork-tailed and Leach's Storm-Petrels, and possibly also the Black-legged Kittiwake and Tufted Puffin. Both species of storm-petrels commonly nest in side chambers of puffin burrows. Parasitic Jaegers nest in a loose colony on Chowiet Island. This behavior has not been reported elsewhere in the Gulf of Alaska. Red-faced and Pelagic Cormorants commonly change breeding colony location from year to year. The Semidi Islands are the easternmost breeding site for Least Auklets.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Northwestern Vertebrate Biology","doi":"10.2307/3534688","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., and Hatch, M.A., 1983, Populations and habitat use of marine birds in the Semidi Islands, Alaska: Murrelet, v. 64, no. 2, p. 39-46, https://doi.org/10.2307/3534688.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"39","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337134,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska, Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.91978454589844,\n 55.96419132294944\n ],\n [\n -156.55792236328122,\n 55.96419132294944\n ],\n [\n -156.55792236328122,\n 56.25441316154926\n ],\n [\n -156.91978454589844,\n 56.25441316154926\n ],\n [\n -156.91978454589844,\n 55.96419132294944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12664e4b014cc3a3d353d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Martha A.","contributorId":181576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185337,"text":"70185337 - 1983 - An isolated population of small Canada geese on Kaliktagik Island, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-20T15:06:20","indexId":"70185337","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An isolated population of small Canada geese on Kaliktagik Island, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recently we discovered that a small form of the Canada Goose Branta canadensis breeds on Kaliktagik Island, one of the Semidi Islands, about 80 km south of the Alaska Peninsula near longitude 157°W (Figure 1). The unexpected occurrence of geese on this oceanic island and the possibility that they are closely allied with the endangered Aleutian race of Canada Geese B. c. leucopareia prompt this summary of observations made between 1977 and 1981, in the course of field studies on seabirds of the area.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., and Hatch, M.A., 1983, An isolated population of small Canada geese on Kaliktagik Island, Alaska: Wildfowl, v. 34, p. 130-136.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/674"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kaliktagik Island, Semidi Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.6708755493164,\n 56.08295658599044\n ],\n [\n -156.67259216308594,\n 56.077304816827684\n ],\n [\n -156.6705322265625,\n 56.071460590574574\n ],\n [\n -156.6573143005371,\n 56.0656154780254\n ],\n [\n -156.6408348083496,\n 56.06551964912398\n ],\n [\n -156.6317367553711,\n 56.067819477013636\n ],\n [\n -156.6368865966797,\n 56.075388774724956\n ],\n [\n -156.64752960205078,\n 56.081519774117034\n ],\n [\n -156.6569709777832,\n 56.08448912626121\n ],\n [\n -156.6708755493164,\n 56.08295658599044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d0ea1fe4b0236b68f673b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Martha A.","contributorId":181576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185414,"text":"70185414 - 1983 - Nestling growth relationships of brown-headed cowbirds and dickcissels ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T11:24:00","indexId":"70185414","displayToPublicDate":"1983-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nestling growth relationships of brown-headed cowbirds and dickcissels ","docAbstract":"Data on nestling growth of brood parasites and their hosts are surprisingly few in the literature, Even the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), whose host relations have been studied in some other respects, has not been studied in any detail from this standpoint. This is particularly regrettable because the lack of host specialization and high incidence of multiple parasitism in this species recommend it for intensive studies of parasite-host growth relationships. Isolated or fragmentary records of growth in cowbirds are available in Friedman (The Cowbirds, C. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1929), Pickwell (Trans, Acad. Sci. St. Louis 27:1-160, 1931), Herrick Wild Birds at Home, Appleton-Century, New York, New York, 1935), Nice (Trans. Linn. Soc. N.Y. 4, 1937; Wilson Bull. 51:233-239, 1939), Mayfield (The Kirtland's Warbler, Cranbrook Inst, Sci., Illinois, 1960), and Nolan (Ornithol, Monor, No. 26. 1978). Hann (Wilson Bull. 49:145-237. 1937) illustrated the growth of five cowbirds raised in three nests of the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Norris Wilson Bull, 59-83-103, 1947) provided data for five individuals raised by different host species, and Scott (Wilson Bull, 91:464-466, 1979) presented pooled growth data for nine individuals raised by three different host species. King (Auk 90:19-34, 1973) measured the growth of Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis) in nests of Rufous-collared Sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) and found that broods of two cowbirds grew at a substantially slower rate than broods of one, He suggested that Z. capensis could rear a maximum of two cowbirds or four sparrows, or an equivalent combination.
In 1974 collected data on the growth relationships of Brown-headed Cowbirds and Dickcissels (Spiza americana) in prairie habitat in eastern Kansas (Konza Prairie Research Natural Area). The intensity of cowbird parasitism in this study was extremely high - I found nests containing as many as nine cowbird eggs and three host eggs, More than one cowbird was evidently laying in many of the nests, behavior that may present some intricate evolutionary problems with respect to clutch-size manipulation by cowbirds. Fifty-nine of 65 nests were parasitized 91%, and the mean number of cowbird eggs per parasitized nest was 3.1 (SD 1.74). Dickcissels raised up to five young in mixed broods of various composition. Brood composition at fledging in 27 successful nests (42% of the total) averaged 1.6 Dickcissels and 1.3 cowbirds.
A study of the effects of macroscopic fractures on P and S wave velocities has been conducted in four wells drilled in granitic rock to depths between 0.6 and 1.2 km. The effect of macroscopic fractures is to decrease both Vp and Vs and increase Vp/Vs. In wells with a relatively low density of macroscopic fractures, the in situ velocity is similar to that of saturated core samples under confining pressure in the laboratory, and there is a clear correlation between zones with macroscopic fractures and anomalously low velocities. In wells with numerous macroscopic fractures, the in situ velocity is lower than that of intact samples under pressure, and there is a correlation between the rate at which in situ velocity increases with depth and the rate at which the velocity of laboratory samples increases with pressure. Differences in in situ P wave velocity between wells cannot be explained solely by differences in the degree of macroscopic fracturing, thus emphasizing the importance of composition and microcracks on velocity. In one highly fractured well the in situ P wave velocity is essentially the same for frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 20 kHz; this suggests that the macrofractures affect velocity similarly over a broad frequency range. Chemical alteration of rock adjacent to macroscopic fractures appears to play an important role in reducing in situ velocities. Synthetic reflection seismograms generated from the velocity logs suggest that fracture zones are one possible source of deep-crustal reflectors observed on seismic reflection profiles.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB088iB03p02345","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Moos, D., and Zoback, M.D., 1983, In situ studies of velocity in fractured crystalline rocks: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 88, no. B3, p. 2345-2358, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB03p02345.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2345","endPage":"2358","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480237,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb088ib03p02345","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":221031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"B3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ade4b0c8380cd619e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moos, Daniel","contributorId":105048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moos","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":80275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":360617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}