The gray wolf once inhabited a wide variety of habitats throughout most of the northern hemisphere north of 20°N latitude. Because the animal preyed on livestock and competed with humans for wild prey, it was extirpated from much of its range outside of wilderness areas. Environmental awareness in the late 1960s brought for the wolf legal protection, increased research, and favorable media coverage. The species has increased in both Europe and North America, is beginning to reoccupy semiwilderness and agricultural land, and is causing increased damage to livestock. Because of the wolf's high reproductive rate and long dispersal tendencies, the animal can recolonize many more areas. In most such areas control will be necessary, but the same public sentiments that promoted wolf recovery reject control. If wolf advocates could accept control by the public rather than by the government, wolves could live in far more places. Insistence on government control discourages some officials and government agencies from promoting recovery. The use of large- or small-scale zoning for wolf management may help resolve the issue. Public education is probably the most effective way to minimize the problem and maximize wolf recovery, but the effort must begin immediately.
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L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223069,"text":"5223069 - 1995 - A complex alloantigen system in Florida sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis pratensis: Evidence for the major histocompatibility (B) system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-08T13:40:27.309975","indexId":"5223069","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2333,"text":"Journal of Heredity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A complex alloantigen system in Florida sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis pratensis: Evidence for the major histocompatibility (B) system","docAbstract":"The B blood group system constitutes the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) in birds. The Mhc is a cluster of genes largely devoted to the processing and presentation of antigen. The Mhc is highly polymorphic in many species and, thus, useful in the evaluation of genetic diversity for fitness traits within populations of a variety of animals. Correlations found between particular Mhc haplotypes and resistance to certain diseases emphasize the importance of understanding the functional significance of diversity of the Mhc, particularly in species threatened with extinction. As part of studies focused on genetic diversity in wild birds, serological techniques were used to define a highly polymorphic alloantigen system in seven families of Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pratensis). The results of analyses with antisera produced within the crane families and with chicken Mhc antigen-specific reagents revealed a single major alloantigen system that is likely the Mhc of the Florida sandhill crane. Preliminary experiments indicate that these crane alloantisera will provide a means of defining the Mhc in other species of cranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111602","usgsCitation":"Jarvi, S., Gee, G., Miller, M., and Briles, W., 1995, A complex alloantigen system in Florida sandhill cranes, Grus canadensis pratensis: Evidence for the major histocompatibility (B) system: Journal of Heredity, v. 86, no. 5, p. 348-353, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111602.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"348","endPage":"353","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0ce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvi, S.I.","contributorId":60341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarvi","given":"S.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, M.M.","contributorId":24048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Briles, W.E.","contributorId":34614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briles","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223132,"text":"5223132 - 1995 - Distribution and abundance of Emoia slevini (Scincidae) in the Mariana Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223132","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1898,"text":"Herpetological Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and abundance of Emoia slevini (Scincidae) in the Mariana Islands","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"skink","usgsCitation":"McCoid, M.J., Rodda, G., and Fritts, T.H., 1995, Distribution and abundance of Emoia slevini (Scincidae) in the Mariana Islands: Herpetological Review, v. 26, no. 2.","productDescription":"70, 72","startPage":"70, 72","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCoid, M. J.","contributorId":49077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoid","given":"M.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, G.H.","contributorId":103998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"G.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fritts, T. H.","contributorId":40147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"T.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5223373,"text":"5223373 - 1995 - Toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants using freshwater invertebrates: A review of methods and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T14:37:56","indexId":"5223373","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants using freshwater invertebrates: A review of methods and applications","docAbstract":"This paper reviews recent developments in methods for evaluating the toxicity and bioaccumulation of contaminants associated with freshwater sediments and summarizes example case studies demonstrating the application of these methods. Over the past decade, research has emphasized development of more specific testing procedures for conducting 10-d toxicity tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the midge Chironomus tentans. Toxicity endpoints measured in these tests are survival for H. azteca and survival and growth for C. tentans. Guidance has also been developed for conducting 28-d bioaccumulation tests with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, including determination of bioaccumulation kinetics for different compound classes. These methods have been applied to a variety of sediments to address issues ranging from site assessments to bioavailability of organic and inorganic contaminants using field-collected and laboratory-spiked samples. Survival and growth of controls routinely meet or exceed test acceptability criteria. Results of laboratory bioaccumulation studies with L. variegatus have been confirmed with comparisons to residues (PCBs, PAHs, DDT) present from synoptically collected field populations of oligochaetes. Additional method development is currently underway to develop chronic toxicity tests and to provide additional data-confirming responses observed in laboratory sediment tests with natural benthic populations.","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620141110","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., Ankley, G., Benoit, D., Brunson, E., Burton, G., Dwyer, F., Hoke, R., Landrum, P., Norberg-King, T., and Winger, P.V., 1995, Toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants using freshwater invertebrates: A review of methods and applications: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 14, no. 11, p. 1885-1894, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620141110.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1885","endPage":"1894","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6280fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benoit, D.A.","contributorId":73310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brunson, E.L.","contributorId":29924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brunson","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burton, G.A.","contributorId":63910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoke, R.A.","contributorId":77265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoke","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Landrum, P.F.","contributorId":98423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":5223151,"text":"5223151 - 1995 - Evidence from tooth surface morphology for a posterior maxillary origin of the proteroglyph fang","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-23T17:46:42.766518","indexId":"5223151","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":751,"text":"Amphibia-Reptilia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence from tooth surface morphology for a posterior maxillary origin of the proteroglyph fang","docAbstract":"Although the front-fanged venom delivery system of the Elapidae is believed to be derived from an aglyphous or opisthoglyphous colubroid ancestor, opinion is divided as to the end of the maxilla on which the proteroglyph fang originated. This study was undertaken to determine whether the evolutionary precursor of the proteroglyph fang was (a) a grooved posterior fang which migrated anteriorly, or (b) an enlarged anterior tooth which secondarily developed a groove for the conduction of venom. The surface morphology of the maxillary teeth of colubrid genera was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Ridges present on the lingual and labial surfaces of anterior maxillary teeth and on the anterior and posterior surfaces of posterior maxillary teeth were identified as morphological markers of potential value in distinguishing the anterior and posterior maxillary teeth of colubrid snakes, and in determining the origin of the proteroglyph fang. Patterns of ridges on the surfaces of elapid fangs examined were found to be consistent with the hypothesis that the evolutionary precursor of the proteroglyph fang was an opisthoglyph fang which migrated anteriorly.","language":"English","publisher":"Brill","doi":"10.1163/156853895X00073","usgsCitation":"Fritts, T.H., and Jackson, K., 1995, Evidence from tooth surface morphology for a posterior maxillary origin of the proteroglyph fang: Amphibia-Reptilia, v. 16, no. 3, p. 273-288, https://doi.org/10.1163/156853895X00073.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fritts, Thomas H.","contributorId":77204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, K.","contributorId":9739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223284,"text":"5223284 - 1995 - Composition, abundance, biomass, and production of macrofauna in a New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:26:25.647068","indexId":"5223284","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Composition, abundance, biomass, and production of macrofauna in a New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats","docAbstract":"Quantitative suction sampling was used to characterize and compare the species composition, abundance, biomass, and secondary production of macrofauna inhabiting intertidal mud-flat and sand-flat, eelgrass meadow, and salt-marsh-pool habitats in the Nauset Marsh complex, Cape Cod, Massachusetts (USA). Species richness and abundance were often greatest in eelgrass habitat, as was macroinvertebrate biomass and production. Most striking was the five to fifteen times greater rate of annual macrofaunal production in eelgrass habitat than elsewhere, with values ranging from approximately 23–139 g AFDW m2 yr−1. The marsh pool containing widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) supported surprisingly low numbers of macroinvertebrates, probably due to stressfully low dissolved oxygen levels at night during the summer. Two species of macroinvertebrates, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and to a lesser extent bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), used eelgrass as “nursery habitat.” Calculations showed that macroinvertebrate production is proportionally much greater than the amount of primary production attributable to eelgrass in the Nauset Marsh system, and that dramatic changes at all trophic levels could be expected if large changes in seagrass abundance should occur. This work further underscores the extraordinarily large impact that seagrass can have on both the structure and function of estuarine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352320","usgsCitation":"Heck, K., Able, K., Roman, C.T., and Fahay, M., 1995, Composition, abundance, biomass, and production of macrofauna in a New England estuary: Comparisons among eelgrass meadows and other nursery habitats: Estuaries, v. 18, no. 2, p. 379-389, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352320.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"389","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489144,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/nrs_facpubs/742","text":"External Repository"},{"id":200098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod, Nauset Marsh","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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Jr.","contributorId":88850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heck","given":"K.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roman, C. T.","contributorId":79579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fahay, M.P.","contributorId":14870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fahay","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5222731,"text":"5222731 - 1995 - The value and vulnerability of small estuarine islands for conserving metapopulations of breeding waterbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T15:49:24.11816","indexId":"5222731","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:42","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The value and vulnerability of small estuarine islands for conserving metapopulations of breeding waterbirds","docAbstract":"Compelling arguments for preserving large habitat ‘islands’ have been made for a number of animal groups, but most commonly for terrestrial birds. We argue that, for many species of waterbirds nesting in coastal estuaries, maintaining numerous small islands may be a more effective management strategy than maintaining larger islands or reserves. In this study, the number of great white heron Ardea herodias nests over a 5-year period (1986–91) was negatively correlated with island area in the Florida Keys, USA. Nest densities were highest in the 2–10 ha island size range and lowest for islands larger than 100 ha. These small islands also attract nesting black skimmers Rynchops niger, brown pelicans Pelecanus occidentalis, and several species of terns and gulls. Small estuarine islands are vulnerable to sea level rise, erosion from watercraft, and, for dredge material islands, lack of sufficient maintenance because of competing needs for beach nourishment. Managers need to enforce more buffering and protection of these islands and argue for more dredged material allocations in some areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(94)00045-R","usgsCitation":"Erwin, R., Hatfield, J., and Wilmers, T., 1995, The value and vulnerability of small estuarine islands for conserving metapopulations of breeding waterbirds: Biological Conservation, v. 71, no. 2, p. 187-191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)00045-R.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"191","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194238,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys, National Key Deer Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.52877223672752,\n 24.821368496971203\n ],\n [\n -81.52877223672752,\n 24.623208238675673\n ],\n [\n -81.21610665764695,\n 24.623208238675673\n ],\n [\n -81.21610665764695,\n 24.821368496971203\n ],\n [\n -81.52877223672752,\n 24.821368496971203\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"71","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erwin, R.M.","contributorId":57396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatfield, Jeff S.","contributorId":41372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatfield","given":"Jeff S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilmers, T.J.","contributorId":41538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmers","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222728,"text":"5222728 - 1995 - Colony differences in response to trapping in roseate terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-22T22:06:46.725996","indexId":"5222728","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colony differences in response to trapping in roseate terns","docAbstract":"Both members of seabird pairs are normally required to fledge young. Seabirds that nest in sites accessible to predators usually have one parent in attendance during the egg/chick phase. Time devoted to foraging can vary with individual skill and age, prey availability and abundance (Seamy 1978), and distance to foraging grounds (Safina 1990). Although average skill of similar-aged individuals should not vary from colony to colony (Ryder 1980), prey availability and abundance, and spatial distribution of foraging grounds may vary. Thus, the percent of time both members of a pair are present at the nest site may vary in different colonies. In this paper, we examine parental behavior in response to trapping in Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) nesting in three of the six major colonies in the northeastern United States: Cedar Beach, New York, Falkner Island, Connecticut; and Bird Island, Massachusetts. Roseate Terns were listed on the United States? Endangered Species List in 1987. We were interested in differences among colonies in how often both parents were present, how soon a mate returned to the nest if one parent was temporarily removed, how soon a trapped bird returned to the nest after release, and the time during which the nest was left unguarded. We feel it is important to recognize and make management decisions based on colony differences where they exist. Our study follows directly from earlier work at Cedar Beach on trapping vulnerability of Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) and Roseate Terns. Nisbet reported that Roseate Terns at Bird Island required about three hours to return to the nest after trapping.","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1369002","usgsCitation":"Burger, J., Nisbet, I., Zingo, J.M., Spendelow, J., Safina, C., and Gochfeld, M., 1995, Colony differences in response to trapping in roseate terns: Condor, v. 97, no. 1, p. 263-266, https://doi.org/10.2307/1369002.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"266","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194235,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae85e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burger, J.","contributorId":25894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nisbet, I.C.T.","contributorId":54942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nisbet","given":"I.C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zingo, James M.","contributorId":79572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zingo","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spendelow, J. A. 0000-0001-8167-0898","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8167-0898","contributorId":72478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spendelow","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Safina, C.","contributorId":40160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safina","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gochfeld, M.","contributorId":88309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gochfeld","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":5222744,"text":"5222744 - 1995 - Captive and field-tested radio attachments for bald eagles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:48","indexId":"5222744","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Captive and field-tested radio attachments for bald eagles","docAbstract":"The effects of two radio transmitter attachment techniques on captive and one attachment technique on wild Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) were studied. A Y-attachment method with a 160-g dummy transmitter was less apt to cause tissue damage on captive birds than an X-attachment method, and loosely fit transmitters caused less damage than tightly fit transmitters Annual survival of wild birds fitted with 65-g transmitters via an X attachment was estimated at 90-95%. As a result of high survival, only five wild birds marked as nestlings were recovered.Two of these birds had superficial pressure sores from tight-fitting harnesses It is recommended that a 1.3-cm space be left between the transmitter and the bird's b ack when radio-tagging post-fiedging Bald Eagles. Additional space, perhaps up to 2.5 cm, is required for nestlings to allow for added growth and development.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Buehler, D., Fraser, J., Fuller, M., McAllister, L., and Seegar, J., 1995, Captive and field-tested radio attachments for bald eagles: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 66, no. 2, p. 173-180.","productDescription":"173-180","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15884,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v066n02/p0173-p0180.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":197155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7244","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buehler, D.A.","contributorId":65954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buehler","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fraser, J.D.","contributorId":68842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, M.R.","contributorId":71278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McAllister, L.S.","contributorId":97595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Seegar, J.K.D.","contributorId":69680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"J.K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5223096,"text":"5223096 - 1995 - Suggested aviary design and procedures to reduce mortality of captive warblers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:08","indexId":"5223096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suggested aviary design and procedures to reduce mortality of captive warblers","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Bocetti, C.I., and Swayne, C., 1995, Suggested aviary design and procedures to reduce mortality of captive warblers: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 23, no. 4, p. 723-725.","productDescription":"723-725","startPage":"723","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15881,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783005","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":199844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69993f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bocetti, Carol I.","contributorId":60343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bocetti","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swayne, C.I.","contributorId":39097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayne","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222691,"text":"5222691 - 1995 - Texas rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) eggs and hatchlings from a communal nest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-16T09:51:27","indexId":"5222691","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Texas rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) eggs and hatchlings from a communal nest","title":"Texas rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) eggs and hatchlings from a communal nest","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., and Pendleton, G., 1995, Texas rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta lindheimeri) eggs and hatchlings from a communal nest: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 40, no. 2, p. 203-207.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"207","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15890,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/info/30054421","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223130,"text":"5223130 - 1995 - Do downy woodpeckers migrate?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:35","indexId":"5223130","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do downy woodpeckers migrate?","docAbstract":" Seasonal movement and migration of Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) are indicated in several sources in the literature. Analyses of 3784 recoveries of banded birds, with other data, indicate that the species is resident, and that movements of a few individuals may indicate dispersal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Field Ornithology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Browning, M., 1995, Do downy woodpeckers migrate?: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 66, no. 1, p. 12-21.","productDescription":"12-21","startPage":"12","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":15883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v066n01/p0012-p0021.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":201825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"66","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63d819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M.R.","contributorId":16542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5223092,"text":"5223092 - 1995 - Statistics and ornithology: State-of-the-art data analysis for studies of marked birds. Proceedings of the 4th EURING Technical Meeting, 19-24 September, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:39","indexId":"5223092","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2173,"text":"Journal of Applied Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistics and ornithology: State-of-the-art data analysis for studies of marked birds. Proceedings of the 4th EURING Technical Meeting, 19-24 September, 1994","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Statistics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"OCLC 34316323","usgsCitation":"North, P., and Nichols, J., 1995, Statistics and ornithology: State-of-the-art data analysis for studies of marked birds. Proceedings of the 4th EURING Technical Meeting, 19-24 September, 1994: Journal of Applied Statistics, v. 22, no. 5-6, p. 553-1081.","productDescription":"553-1081","startPage":"553","endPage":"1081","numberOfPages":"529","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15874,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=g713428080~db=all","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"22","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e10f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"North, P.M.","contributorId":35852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"North","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223071,"text":"5223071 - 1995 - Accumulation in and effects of lead and cadmium on waterfowl and passerines in northern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-30T11:28:29.752256","indexId":"5223071","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accumulation in and effects of lead and cadmium on waterfowl and passerines in northern Idaho","docAbstract":"Waterfowl and passerines in northern Idaho in 1987 had high levels of lead in their blood and tissues that originated primarily from mining and smelting activities. Four Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and one common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) found dead contained 8 to 38 μg/g (wet mass) of lead in their livers. These levels exceed the lower lethal limit of 5 μg/g in experimental birds. Two of the Canada geese (one each from the contaminated and reference areas) died with ingested lead shotgun pellets (shot) in their gizzards, whereas the other three birds from the contaminated area contained no ingested shot and evidently died from ingesting environmental lead in sediment or biota. Lead burdens in most American robins (Turdus migratorius) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were high, whereas those in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were slightly elevated. Lead accumulated to potentially hazardous levels in blood and tissues of some nestling robins (maxima of 0·87 μg/g in blood and 5·6 μg/g in liver) and mallards (maxima of 10·2 μg/g in blood and 2·8 μg/g in liver). In mallards, lead levels and associated physiological characteristics of blood were significantly different in juveniles (HY) versus adults (AHY). Activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) was about 87 to 95% lower than values for control birds in experimental studies. Activity of ALAD was significantly inversely correlated with blood lead levels. Cadmium was detected in kidneys of most birds, but even the maximum concentration of 7·5 μg/g in an AHY mallard was below known harmful levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0269-7491(94)00069-P","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Hoffman, D.J., and Grove, R.A., 1995, Accumulation in and effects of lead and cadmium on waterfowl and passerines in northern Idaho: Environmental Pollution, v. 89, no. 3, p. 311-318, https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)00069-P.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"318","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Lake Coeur d'Alene","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.05864181624429,\n 47.755155254839764\n ],\n [\n -117.05864181624429,\n 47.293733132416065\n ],\n [\n -116.0574654930285,\n 47.293733132416065\n ],\n [\n -116.0574654930285,\n 47.755155254839764\n ],\n [\n -117.05864181624429,\n 47.755155254839764\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a3413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, D. J.","contributorId":12801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grove, R. A.","contributorId":6546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5223283,"text":"5223283 - 1995 - Beach-steps: An evolutionary perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-17T11:06:19.540676","indexId":"5223283","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beach-steps: An evolutionary perspective","docAbstract":"Field observation of contrasting beach-step behavior at Canaveral National Seashore on two subsequent days when incident-wave conditions in the inner surf zone were similar prompted this re-examination of our conceptual and quantitative understanding of beach steps. These lower-foreshore features are more complex than previously assumed, evolving through erosional as well as accretional phases, and displaying equifinality in geometric form but not necessarily internal sedimentary structure. Past and recent evidence is reviewed that links beach steps to incident waves at the surging-plunging transition and to the action of a backwash vortex. Tides and low-frequency waves likely play no direct role in beach-step initiation, although their presence can have pronounced influences on modulating nearshore hydrodynamics, and thus, on beach-step maintenance and evolution. A generalized, conceptual model capturing these aspects of beach-step dynamics is presented. Beach-step initiation proceeds via step “carving”, “excavation”, or “building” depending on the erosional-accretional character of the beach-foreshore system. Subsequent evolution of the step form may take one of several alternative morphodynamic pathways including stepface “retreat”, step “drag down”, or step “infilling/elimination” depending on tidal stage/range or wave set-up/setdown. Additional data on equilibrium beach-step forms and associated morphodynamic and hydrodynamic conditions in the field are necessary before quantitative models of beach-step existence and evolution can be formulated with realistic results.
Samples of bat guano, primarily from Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis), were collected at nine bat roosts in caves in northern and eastern Mexico and analysed for organochlorine residues. DDE, the most abundant residue found in each cave, was highest (0.99 p.p.m. dry weight) at Ojuela Cave, Durango. Other studies of DDE in bat guano indicate that this concentration is too low to reflect harmful concentrations in the bats themselves. The DDE at Ojuela may represent either lingering residues from use of DDT years ago in the Ojuela area of perhaps depuration loss from migrant bats with summer maternity roost(s) in a DDE-contaminated area such as Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico. Presence of o,p′-DDT at Tio Bartolo Cave, Nuevo Leon, indicates recent use of DDT, but the concentration of this contaminant was low. Possible impacts on bat colonies of the organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides now in extensive use are unknown.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/BF00116344","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., Moreno-Valdez, A., and Mora, M.A., 1995, Organochlorine residues in bat guano from nine Mexican caves, 1991: Ecotoxicology, v. 4, no. 4, p. 258-265, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116344.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.44537285108375,\n 30.77773806533905\n ],\n [\n -109.33565894907512,\n 25.579444967955325\n ],\n [\n -97.77719312230063,\n 21.720806591263738\n ],\n [\n -98.03743257600956,\n 25.62252087829023\n ],\n [\n -101.14969814240729,\n 28.538726606141637\n ],\n [\n -112.44537285108375,\n 30.77773806533905\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a7e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Donald R. Jr.","contributorId":95938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moreno-Valdez, A.","contributorId":59392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moreno-Valdez","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mora, Miguel A. 0000-0002-8393-0216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0216","contributorId":46643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222032,"text":"5222032 - 1995 - North American migratory bird management issues","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:49","indexId":"5222032","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"seriesTitle":{"id":494,"text":"Wildlife Society Annual Conference","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":18}},"title":"North American migratory bird management issues","docAbstract":"As human population and industry have grown in North America, land-use practices have greatly altered the landscape. As a result of this changed landscape, several migratory bird populations have declined in recent years. For waterbirds, there have been several milestones: the 1986 North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) and the 1989 North American Wetlands Conservation Act. As a result, the United States and Canada have established 12 habitat and 2 species joint ventures. The primary emphasis of waterfowl management in Canada-U.S. has been land purchase and lease, wetland restoration, and coordination of harvest rates. Because of its different biological and cultural context, Mexico has established other conservation priorities. Mexico has had a long-standing concern to conserve its biodiversity and, in addition, conservation of Mexican resources goes hand in hand with human community development. Unlike Canada-U.S., wetland conservation projects in'Mexico include information gathering, environmental education, and management planning for its 32 priority wetlands. For migratory landbirds' scientists attribute declines in several migrant populations to forest fragmentation on the breeding grounds, deforestation on the wintering grounds, pesticide poisoning, or the cumulative effects of habitat changes. In 1990, the Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Program, commonly known as Partners in Flight-Aves de las Americas-was initiated. The next step that is being proposed is the formation of a habitat conservation plan for landbirds modeled after the NAWMP. Management of migratory birds requires a strong international approach in order to coordinate actions for the benefit of migratory birds, their habitats, and the uses they provide.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"Sept. 12-17, 1995, Portland, OR.","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M., and Ryan, D., 1995, North American migratory bird management issues, in Wildlife Society Annual Conference, v. 2.","productDescription":"141 (abstract)","startPage":"141 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6491e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, M.H.","contributorId":17713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ryan, D.A.","contributorId":10512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222614,"text":"5222614 - 1995 - Preliminary raptor surveys in western Mongolia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:37","indexId":"5222614","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2442,"text":"Journal of Raptor Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary raptor surveys in western Mongolia","docAbstract":"Raptors were observed on a 5200 km expedition from Ulaan Baatar through the Hangay Mountains to the Russian Altay Mountains with return through the Gobi Altay Mountains. The focus of the expedition was on nesting ecology of the Saker (Falco cherrug) and Altay falcons (F. altaicus) (25 eyries were located), but nests were also found for seven other species including more than 30 nests found of the upland buzzard (Buteo hemilasius). We conducted 21 day-long counts and 10 more formal raptor road counts. Raptors were concentrated in areas where perches were common and where food was most abundant. Western Mongolia remains a vast undeveloped land where camel trains and yak carts are normal. No developed highway network exists. Raptor work in the interior must be supported by four-wheel drive vehicles traveling cross country. Food and fuel for a research team are difficult to procure, but raptor populations are largely unexploited. Raptors frequently nest on the ground or on very low cliffs and tress, and often nest in close proximity of pairs of their own and other species. Several areas of special significance to raptors are discussed including the Taleen Ulaan (Red Steppe) areas of granite dells which we recommend for status as an international reserve.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Raptor Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"Abstracts of presentations made at the annual meeting of the raptor research foundation, inc., held at Flagstaff, Aizona, on 2-6 Nvember 1994","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Ellis, M.H., and Tsengeg, P., 1995, Preliminary raptor surveys in western Mongolia: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 29, no. 1.","productDescription":"55 (abstract)","startPage":"55 (abs)","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":15876,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/jrr/v029n01/p00041-p00074.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cc91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Merlin H.","contributorId":17326,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellis","given":"Merlin","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsengeg, Pu","contributorId":14909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsengeg","given":"Pu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5224022,"text":"5224022 - 1995 - Inter-relation of cytochrome P450 and contaminants burdens in sibling heron embryos and nestlings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:43","indexId":"5224022","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3410,"text":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, annual meeting abstract book","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-relation of cytochrome P450 and contaminants burdens in sibling heron embryos and nestlings","docAbstract":"Hepatic cytochrome P450-associated monooxygenase activities were measured in 11-day-old nestling black-crowned night-herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) collected from a reference site (next to the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia) and three polluted sites (Cat Island, Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Wisconsin; Bair Island, San Francisco Bay, California; West Marin Island, San Francisco Bay, California). Activities of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and benzyl-oxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (BROD) weremodestly elevated (Wood ducks (Aix sponsa) nesting along Bayou Meto downstream from a hazardous waste site in central Arkansas were contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Residues in eggs, based on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), ranged up to 611 parts per trillion (ppt), and egg arithmetic means were 90-fold higher at the site nearest the point source compared with a reference site. We monitored productivity of wood ducks in artificial nest boxes at three sites on the bayou and at a reference site on a separate drainage during 1988-1990. Productivity was suppressed (p < 0.05) at the bayou sites compared with the reference site, and egg TCDD-EQs were inversely correlated (p < 0.001) with productivity in corresponding nests. The threshold range of toxicity, where reduced productivity was evident in wood ducks (based on TCDD-EQs), was > 20 to 50 ppt. Oxidative stress and teratogenic effects occurred in ducklings at the more contaminated nesting sites nearest the point source. These findings suggest that wood ducks may be more sensitive to PCDD and PCDF contamination than some other aquatic birds and could serve as an indicator species for monitoring biological impacts from these contaminants.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Environmental Health","doi":"10.1289/ehp.103-1519272","usgsCitation":"White, D.H., and Hoffman, D.J., 1995, Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on nesting wood ducks (Aix Sponsa) at Bayou Meto, Arkansas: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 103, no. 4, p. 37-39, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.103-1519272.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"39","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479185,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.103-1519272","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":196427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Bayou Meto","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.42614580160581,\n 35.007447150001894\n ],\n [\n -92.42614580160581,\n 34.18735507663118\n ],\n [\n -91.49345157461319,\n 34.00742324172569\n ],\n [\n -91.63653534807246,\n 35.007447150001894\n ],\n [\n -92.42614580160581,\n 35.007447150001894\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611a52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald H.","contributorId":21728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":338049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222852,"text":"5222852 - 1995 - Comments on the status of revived old names for some North American birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T16:48:48","indexId":"5222852","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:41","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comments on the status of revived old names for some North American birds","docAbstract":"We discuss 44 instances of the use of generic, specific, or subspecific names that differ from those generally in use for North American (sensu AOU 1957) birds. These names are generally older than the names presently used and have been revived on the basis of priority. We examine the basis for the proposed changes and make recommendations as to which names should properly be used in an effort to promote nomenclatural stability in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Banks, R., and Browning, M., 1995, Comments on the status of revived old names for some North American birds: The Auk, v. 112, no. 3, p. 633-648.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"633","endPage":"648","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341079,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4088679"}],"volume":"112","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae646","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, Richard C.","contributorId":20440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"Richard C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Browning, M.R.","contributorId":16542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5223111,"text":"5223111 - 1995 - [Book review] Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process, edited by Paul S. Giller, Alan G. Hildrew, and David G. Raffaelli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"5223111","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1662,"text":"Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process, edited by Paul S. Giller, Alan G. Hildrew, and David G. Raffaelli","docAbstract":"Review of: Aquatic ecology : scale, pattern, and process. Paul S Giller; A G Hildrew; D G Raffaelli; British Ecological Society. Symposium; American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Oxford ; Boston : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994. xiii, 649 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","collaboration":"34th Symposium of the British Ecological Society","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1995, [Book review] Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process, edited by Paul S. Giller, Alan G. Hildrew, and David G. Raffaelli: Fisheries Review, v. 40, no. 4, p. 282-282.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"282","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47abe4b07f02db49999f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}