{"pageNumber":"3831","pageRowStart":"95750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185189,"records":[{"id":5223111,"text":"5223111 - 1995 - [Book review] Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process, edited by Paul S. Giller, Alan G. Hildrew, and David G. Raffaelli","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"5223111","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1662,"text":"Fisheries Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process, edited by Paul S. Giller, Alan G. Hildrew, and David G. Raffaelli","docAbstract":"Review of: Aquatic ecology : scale, pattern, and process. Paul S Giller; A G Hildrew; D G Raffaelli; British Ecological Society. Symposium; American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Oxford ; Boston : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994. xiii, 649 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fisheries Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","collaboration":"34th Symposium of the British Ecological Society","usgsCitation":"Perry, M., 1995, [Book review] Aquatic Ecology: Scale, Pattern and Process, edited by Paul S. Giller, Alan G. Hildrew, and David G. Raffaelli: Fisheries Review, v. 40, no. 4, p. 282-282.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"282","numberOfPages":"282","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47abe4b07f02db49999f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Matthew C. 0000-0001-6452-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-9534","contributorId":16372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Matthew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222625,"text":"5222625 - 1995 - [Book review] The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology and Behavior in the Suburbs and Countryside, by Frederick Gehlback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-18T17:16:15","indexId":"5222625","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:17:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3778,"text":"Wildlife Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology and Behavior in the Suburbs and Countryside, by Frederick Gehlback","docAbstract":"Review of: Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior in the Suburbs and Countryside. Frederick R. Gehlbach. Issue 16; Issue 2008 of W. L. Moody Jr. Natural History Series. Texas A&M University Press; 1st edition (November 1994). ISBN: 0890966095. For ornithologists and ecologists alike, Fred Gehlbach's book promises to hold both interest and information value as a comprehensive study of the eastern screech owl (Otus asio hasbroucki).  Gehlbach was intrigued with screech owls as a boy and encouraged as an undergraduate by William Hamilton, who underscored that in-depth studies of familiar backyard species can be as fascinating as those in exotic sites. Correspondence with another owl-aficionado, the late H. N. Southern, inspired the author's long-term study of screech owls in a woodland landscape in central Texas and led him to provide nest boxes to enhance his access and sample size. This book is based on observations over a 25-year period-beginning in 1967, with intensive study during an 11-year period (1976-1987) in Texas south of Waco, where Gehlbach teaches at Baylor University.  The study represents observations on 659 screech owls, covering several generations of birds and entire lives of many individuals. Gehlbach compares screech owl nesting behavior in a rural versus suburban setting and includes chapters on food supplies and predation tactics; egg-laying, incubation, and parental behavior; vocalizations; and population structure and flux.  He discusses why screech owls are widespread across the eastern half of North America and why they succeed among people in suburban environments, where they adapt as easily to mailboxes and porch columns as to natural tree cavities. The book mixes two approaches: on the one hand the dense style of a technical book in which the professional biologist can find information on many aspects of screech owl behavior, life history, and population, including tables, figures, summary statistics, results of statistical comparisons, and experimental tests of hypotheses.  On the other hand, each chapter begins with and includes vivid visual images, personal experiences, and thoughtful reflections to draw in the general reader, bridging the interesting topic to the technical details and making the information accessible to a wider audience.  The reader is impressed with Dr. Gehlbach's love of his subject, his devotion to long-term study, and his care in presenting the work to his fellow ornithologists, ecologists, and all those interested in wildlife and conservation. It will be a useful reference because of its wealth of information on all aspects of screech owl life history.  It is well documented and, in addition to its 10 chapters, includes 10 appendices with information on types of food supplies, bird species that mob screech owls, a daily chronology of nestling development, and a selection of edited field notes to provide background for each chapter.  The book is thoroughly referenced and indexed.  The Eastern Screech Owl will be read with interest by those with an interest in long-term, in-depth studies and those who love charming stories about remarkable birds with strong personalities and interesting behavior.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Review","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","collaboration":"4750_Hahn.pdf","usgsCitation":"Hahn, D., 1995, [Book review] The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology and Behavior in the Suburbs and Countryside, by Frederick Gehlback: Wildlife Review, v. 250, p. 454-454.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"454","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"250","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4797e4b07f02db48e662","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hahn, D.C. 0000-0002-5242-2059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5242-2059","contributorId":46447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223099,"text":"5223099 - 1995 - Managing North American waterfowl in the face of uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T15:41:45.373863","indexId":"5223099","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:12:55","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":807,"text":"Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Managing North American waterfowl in the face of uncertainty","docAbstract":"Informed management of waterfowl (or any animal population) requires management goals and objectives, the ability to implement management actions, periodic information about population and goal-related varlables, and knowledge of effects of management actions on population and goal-related variables. In North America, international treaties mandate a primary objective of protecting migratory bird populations, with a secondary objective of providing hunting opportunity in a manner compatible with such protection. Through the years, annual establishment of hunting regulations and acquisition and man-agement of habitat have been the primary management actions taken by federal agencies. Various information-gathering programs were established and, by the 1960s, had developed into arguably the best monitoring system in the world for continentally distributed animal populations. Retrospective analyses using estimates from this monitoring system have been used to investigate effects of management actions on waterfowl population and harvest dynamics, but key relationships arc still characterized by uncertainty. We recommend actively adaptive management as an approach that can meet short-term harvest objectives, while reducing uncertainty and ensuring sustainable populations over the long-term.","language":"English","publisher":"Annual Reviews","doi":"10.1146/annurev.es.26.110195.001141","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Johnson, F.A., and Williams, B.K., 1995, Managing North American waterfowl in the face of uncertainty: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 26, p. 177-199, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.26.110195.001141.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"199","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North 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,{"id":70019093,"text":"70019093 - 1995 - Deep subsurface microbial processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-21T15:08:01.665952","indexId":"70019093","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3283,"text":"Reviews of Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep subsurface microbial processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Information on the microbiology of the deep subsurface is necessary in order to understand the factors controlling the rate and extent of the microbially catalyzed redox reactions that influence the geophysical properties of these environments. Furthermore, there is an increasing threat that deep aquifers, an important drinking water resource, may be contaminated by man's activities, and there is a need to predict the extent to which microbial activity may remediate such contamination. Metabolically active microorganisms can be recovered from a diversity of deep subsurface environments. The available evidence suggests that these microorganisms are responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of organic matter coupled to a variety of electron acceptors just as microorganisms do in surface sediments, but at much slower rates. The technical difficulties in aseptically sampling deep subsurface sediments and the fact that microbial processes in laboratory incubations of deep subsurface material often do not mimic in situ processes frequently necessitate that microbial activity in the deep subsurface be inferred through nonmicrobiological analyses of ground water. These approaches include measurements of dissolved H</span><sub>2</sub><span>, which can predict the predominant microbially catalyzed redox reactions in aquifers, as well as geochemical and groundwater flow modeling, which can be used to estimate the rates of microbial processes. Microorganisms recovered from the deep subsurface have the potential to affect the fate of toxic organics and inorganic contaminants in groundwater. Microbial activity also greatly influences the chemistry of many pristine groundwaters and contributes to such phenomena as porosity development in carbonate aquifers, accumulation of undesirably high concentrations of dissolved iron, and production of methane and hydrogen sulfide. Although the last decade has seen a dramatic increase in interest in deep subsurface microbiology, in comparison with the study of other habitats, the study of deep subsurface microbiology is still in its infancy.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/95RG01305","issn":"87551209","usgsCitation":"Lovley, D.R., and Chapelle, F.H., 1995, Deep subsurface microbial processes: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 33, no. 3, p. 365-381, https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG01305.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"381","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226405,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe2be4b0c8380cd4eb73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":381654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5200130,"text":"5200130 - 1995 - Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5200130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PSW-149.","title":"Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Albany, California","collaboration":"Online version displays as individual chapters.","usgsCitation":"1995, Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts: General Technical Report PSW-149., iv, 181.","productDescription":"iv, 181","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202917,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92043,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/gtr-149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991ed","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505798,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505800,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505799,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200158,"text":"5200158 - 1995 - Assessing campsite conditions for limits of acceptable change management in Shenandoah National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5200158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":54,"text":"Natural Resource Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/MARSHEN/NRTR-95/071.","title":"Assessing campsite conditions for limits of acceptable change management in Shenandoah National Park","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. National Park Service, Chesapeake System Support Office.","usgsCitation":"Williams, P., and Marion, J., 1995, Assessing campsite conditions for limits of acceptable change management in Shenandoah National Park: Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/MARSHEN/NRTR-95/071., 138.","productDescription":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672ab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, P.W.","contributorId":53067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5200102,"text":"5200102 - 1995 - Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T09:52:27","indexId":"5200102","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":167,"text":"Contaminant Hazard Reviews","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Report 30 ; Biological Report 27.","title":"Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review","docAbstract":"Sodium monofluoroacetate (CH2FCOONa), also known as 1080, domestic use is currently restricted to livestock-protection collars on sheep and goats to selectively kill depredating coyotes.  The chemical is readily absorbed by ingestion or inhalation. At lethal doses, metabolic conversion of fluoroacetate to fluorocitrate results in the accumulation of citrate in the tissues and death within 24 h from ventricular fibrillation or from respiratory failure; no antidote is available. At sublethal doses, the toxic effects of 1080 are reversible. Primary and secondary poisoning of nontarget vertebrates may accompany the use of 1080. The use of 1980 seems warranted in the absence of suitable alternative control methods. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, MD","usgsCitation":"Eisler, R., 1995, Sodium Monofluoroacetate (1080) Hazards to Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review: Contaminant Hazard Reviews Report 30 ; Biological Report 27., iii, 47.","productDescription":"iii, 47","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":91882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/eisler/CHR_30_Sodium_monofluoroacetate.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5ede10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisler, R.","contributorId":51869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisler","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210709,"text":"5210709 - 1995 - Point count length and detection of forest neotropical migrant birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210709","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:23:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Point count length and detection of forest neotropical migrant birds","docAbstract":"Comparisons of bird abundances among years or among habitats assume that the rates at which birds are detected and counted are constant within species. We use point count data collected in forests of the Mid-Atlantic states to estimate detection probabilities for Neotropical migrant bird species as a function of count length. For some species, significant differences existed among years or observers in both the probability of detecting the species and in the rate at which individuals are counted. We demonstrate the consequence that variability in species' detection probabilities can have on estimates of population change, and discuss ways for reducing this source of bias in point count studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest Experiment Station.","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 4725_Dawson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., Smith, D., and Robbins, C., 1995, Point count length and detection of forest neotropical migrant birds: General Technical Report, iv, 181.","productDescription":"iv, 181","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":94534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr149/psw_gtr149_pg35_44.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684c84","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C. John","contributorId":71284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506944,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506943,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam sdroege@usgs.gov","contributorId":3464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","email":"sdroege@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":506942,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, D. R. 0000-0001-6074-9257","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6074-9257","contributorId":44108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D. R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5200134,"text":"5200134 - 1995 - Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds in Mexico: Symposium-Workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5200134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":190,"text":"Miscellaneous Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"727.","title":"Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds in Mexico: Symposium-Workshop","language":"English","publisher":"Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station","publisherLocation":"Orono","collaboration":"OCLC 34281491","usgsCitation":"Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, 1995, Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Birds in Mexico: Symposium-Workshop: Miscellaneous Publication 727., viii, 288.","productDescription":"viii, 288","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2b4a"}
,{"id":5200167,"text":"5200167 - 1995 - Standard test methods for measuring the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants, ASTM E1706-95a","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:27","indexId":"5200167","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":152,"text":"ASTM 1995 Annual Book of Standards","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"Volume 11.05.","title":"Standard test methods for measuring the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants, ASTM E1706-95a","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA.","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, C., Dwyer, F., Winger, P.V., Burton, G., Ankley, G., Norberg-King, T., Hoke, R., Bedard, D., Day, K., and Landrum, P., 1995, Standard test methods for measuring the toxicity and bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants, ASTM E1706-95a: ASTM 1995 Annual Book of Standards Volume 11.05.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e484b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, C.G. 0000-0003-4531-5949","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":56338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"C.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dwyer, F.J.","contributorId":107818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winger, P. V.","contributorId":43075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winger","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, G.A.","contributorId":63910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ankley, G.T.","contributorId":76710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ankley","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norberg-King, T. J.","contributorId":92385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norberg-King","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hoke, R.A.","contributorId":77265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoke","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bedard, D.","contributorId":40322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedard","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Day, K.","contributorId":39498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Landrum, P.","contributorId":62329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5230218,"text":"5230218 - 1995 - Residues and trends of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls in birds from Texas, 1965-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T09:38:34","indexId":"5230218","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":192,"text":"National Biological Service, Fish & Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"14","title":"Residues and trends of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls in birds from Texas, 1965-88","docAbstract":"<p>Concentrations of DDE (a metabolite of DDT) in birds decreased during recent years in most areas of the continental United States. Organochlorine pesticides were widely used in agriculture in Texas from the early 1950s to the 1970s. I used previously published data to determine whether concentrations of DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in birds from Texas have followed a decreasing trend similar to that in birds from other areas in the United States. A total of 2,669 bird samples was collected between 1965 and 1988 from diverse locations in Texas and was analyzed for organochlorines and other environmental contaminants. The brown pelican (<i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i>), peregrine falcon (<i>Falco peregrinus</i>), laughing gull (<i>Larus atricilla</i>), black skimmer (<i>Rynchops niger</i>), and European starling (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) were the most frequently studied species. DDE and PCBs were the most commonly detected organochlorines in bird tissues. Mean DDE concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 61.00 parts per million (ppm) wet weight (ww) and PCBs from 0.02 to 32.00 ppm ww. Concentrations of DDE in eggs and carcasses of black skimmers decreased significantly during 1970-84 and dropped from approximately 10 to nearly 3 ppm ww. PCBs decreased from approximately 7 ppm ww to 1 ppm ww in eggs and carcasses. DDE concentrations in eggs of brown pelicans varied from more than 3 ppm ww in 1970 to approximately 1 ppm ww in 1983; and PCB concentrations diminished from about 10 to 1 ppm ww. Decreasing trends in concentrations of DDE and PBCs were observed in most species, although in some cases, the estimated trends were not significantly different from zero. Concentrations of DDE in birds from the Texas coast decreased from more than 6.0 ppm in 1978 to below 0.5 ppm in 1985. The decreasing ratios in selected species varied from approximately 2.0 to 12.0 (DDE) and from 4.5 to 9.0 (PCBs). The results indicate that in general from 1965 to 1988, DDE and PCBs declined in birds from Texas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Mora, M.A., 1995, Residues and trends of organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls in birds from Texas, 1965-88: National Biological Service, Fish & Wildlife Research 14, ii, 26 p.","productDescription":"ii, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b97d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mora, Miguel A. 0000-0002-8393-0216","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8393-0216","contributorId":46643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mora","given":"Miguel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5230228,"text":"5230228 - 1995 - Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:22","indexId":"5230228","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":161,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 171","title":"Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis)","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Sykes, P., Rodgers, J., and Bennetts, R., 1995, Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis): Birds of North America No. 171, 31.","productDescription":"31","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bb55","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sykes, P.W. Jr.","contributorId":107385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sykes","given":"P.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, J.A. Jr.","contributorId":39495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"J.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennetts, R.E.","contributorId":103214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennetts","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5230240,"text":"5230240 - 1995 - Yellow-headed blackbird (<i>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T13:02:42","indexId":"5230240","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:33:22","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":161,"text":"Birds of North America","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"No. 192","title":"Yellow-headed blackbird (<i>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</i>)","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D., and Crawford, R., 1995, Yellow-headed blackbird (<i>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</i>): Birds of North America No. 192, 28.","productDescription":"28","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cde4b07f02db544ed0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, D.J. 0000-0003-1223-5045","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":105009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crawford, R.D.","contributorId":91821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5211234,"text":"5211234 - 1995 - Secondary toxicity in raptors caused by white phosphorus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:24","indexId":"5211234","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Secondary toxicity in raptors caused by white phosphorus","docAbstract":"White phosphorus (WP) has caused waterfowl die-offs in a tidal saltmarsh used by the U.S. Army for artillery practice for > 40 years.  Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)and golden (Aquila chrysaetos) eagles have been observed feeding on dead and dying waterfowl on the marsh and may be exposed to WP through ingestion of contaminated birds.  One carcass of each eagle species has been found with measurable levels of WP in fat.  To determine if raptors can become intoxicated by ingesting prey that have been exposed to WP we fed live, 10-day-old white leghorn chicks three sublethal doses of WP.  Six hrs after the last dose we euthanized the chicks and separated them into two groups--one with the digestive system from gizzard anteriorly removed (NoGut) and one with the digestive system intact and a 1.1 mg pellet of WP implanted deep into the crop (Pel).  A third group of same-aged chicks unexposed to WP was used for controls.  Fifteen kestrels (Fa/co sparverius) were randomly assigned to each of the treatments and 10 to the control diet. By 7 d of the study 8 of the kestrels had died on the Pel and 3 on the NoGut diet. Survivors on the Pel diet had significantly lower hematocrit, hemoglobin, final body weights and greater liver/body weight ratios and weight loss than control birds.  The study showed that raptors and possibly other predators are at risk both when consuming flesh of prey that have succumbed to WP poisoning and when ingesting WP pellets that are incorporated in body parts but that the risk is greater when pellets are present.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Environmental Protection:  Science, Politics, and Common Sense, Second SETAC world congress (16th annual meeting).  Abstract Book","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., 1995, Secondary toxicity in raptors caused by white phosphorus, chap. <i>of</i> Global Environmental Protection:  Science, Politics, and Common Sense, Second SETAC world congress (16th annual meeting).  Abstract Book.","productDescription":"378","startPage":"140","numberOfPages":"378","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66ca16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5211384,"text":"5211384 - 1995 - Preface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:26","indexId":"5211384","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Preface","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station","publisherLocation":"Albany, California","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 6798_Ralph.pdf","usgsCitation":"Ralph, C., Droege, S., and Sauer, J., 1995, Preface, chap. <i>of</i> Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts, p. iii-iv.","productDescription":"iv, 181","startPage":"iii","endPage":"iv","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92035,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/31461","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e7ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":330910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":330911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5211071,"text":"5211071 - 1995 - Scales, planning and approaches to inventory and monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5211071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:19","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Scales, planning and approaches to inventory and monitoring","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global biodiversity assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"Cambridge and New York, NY","collaboration":"OCLC:  33897848","usgsCitation":"Samways, M., Stork, N., Cracraft, J., Eeley, A., Foster, M., Lund, G., and Hilton-Taylor, C., 1995, Scales, planning and approaches to inventory and monitoring, chap. <i>of</i> Global biodiversity assessment, p. 475-518.","productDescription":"x, 1140","startPage":"475","endPage":"518","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200598,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaee4b07f02db66c859","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Heywood, V.H.","contributorId":113093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watson, R.T.","contributorId":44893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507575,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Samways, M.J.","contributorId":72903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samways","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stork, N.E.","contributorId":27591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stork","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cracraft, J.","contributorId":56768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cracraft","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eeley, A.C.","contributorId":72904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eeley","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Foster, M.S. 0000-0001-8272-4608","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8272-4608","contributorId":10116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lund, G.","contributorId":66380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lund","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hilton-Taylor, C.","contributorId":102980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilton-Taylor","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":5210854,"text":"5210854 - 1995 - Population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210854","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey","docAbstract":"INTRODUCTION:  Most Neotropical migrant birds are difficult to count accurately and are moderately common over large breeding distributions. Consequently, little historical information exists on their large-scale population changes, and most of this information is anecdotal. Surveys begun in this century such as Breeding Bird Censuses and Christmas Bird Counts have the potential to provide this information, but only the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) achieves the extensive continental coverage necessary to document population changes for most Neotropical migrant birds. Conservationists and ecologists have begun to use BBS data to estimate population trends, but there is still widespread confusion over exactly what these data show regarding population changes.     In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge regarding population changes in Neotropical migrant birds and the methods used to analyze these changes. The primary emphasis is on the BBS (Robbins et al. 1986) because this survey provides the best available data for estimating trends of Neotropical migrants on a continental scale. To address questions about methods of analyzing survey data, we review and compare some alternative methods of analyzing BBS data. We also discuss the effectiveness of the BBS in sampling Neotropical migrant species, and review possibilities for use of alternative data sets to verify trends from the BBS.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds: A Synthesis and Review of Critical Issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., Sauer, J., and Robbins, C., 1995, Population trends from the North American Breeding Bird Survey, chap. <i>of</i> Ecology and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds: A Synthesis and Review of Critical Issues, p. 3-39.","productDescription":"xvi, 489","startPage":"3","endPage":"39","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e04","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Martin, Thomas E. 0000-0002-4028-4867 tmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-4867","contributorId":1208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Thomas","email":"tmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":507212,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finch, Deborah M.","contributorId":59894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finch","given":"Deborah","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507213,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210737,"text":"5210737 - 1995 - What do we know about wolves and what more do we need to learn?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:13:39","indexId":"5210737","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"What do we know about wolves and what more do we need to learn?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"25-27 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 1995, What do we know about wolves and what more do we need to learn?, <i>in</i> Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, AB, 25-27 August 1992, p. 537-545.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"537","endPage":"545","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f05c4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506997,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506995,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506996,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210847,"text":"5210847 - 1995 - Modeling shoreline dynamics at Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210847","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling shoreline dynamics at Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"CoastGIS '95, International Symposium on GIS and Computer Mapping for Coastal Zone Management, Cork, Ireland February 3-5, 1995","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Cartographic Association Working Group on Marine Cartography and International Geographic Union Commission on Coastal Systems","publisherLocation":"Belrose, N.S.W.","collaboration":"OCLC: 38398057","usgsCitation":"Allen, J., Shaw, B., and Lange, A., 1995, Modeling shoreline dynamics at Sandy Hook, New Jersey, USA, chap. <i>of</i> CoastGIS '95, International Symposium on GIS and Computer Mapping for Coastal Zone Management, Cork, Ireland February 3-5, 1995, p. 193-206.","productDescription":"viii, 387","startPage":"193","endPage":"206","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cea4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J.R.","contributorId":16955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaw, B.","contributorId":46198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lange, A.F.","contributorId":60749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lange","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210782,"text":"5210782 - 1995 - Wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T15:35:01","indexId":"5210782","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Wildlife","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The experimental animal in biomedical research, volume II: Care, husbandry, and well-being, an overview by species","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Dein, F., and Olsen, G.H., 1995, Wildlife, chap. <i>of</i> The experimental animal in biomedical research, volume II: Care, husbandry, and well-being, an overview by species, p. 73-86.","productDescription":"546","startPage":"73","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e1e4b07f02db5e485e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rollin, Bernard E.","contributorId":112203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollin","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507103,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kesel, M. Lynne","contributorId":112035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kesel","given":"M. Lynne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507102,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Dein, F. J.","contributorId":97030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dein","given":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210717,"text":"5210717 - 1995 - Andean condor medicine, reproduction, and husbandry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T13:03:29","indexId":"5210717","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Andean condor medicine, reproduction, and husbandry","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1995 Main Conference Proceedings, Annual Conference and Expo  ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Association of Avian Veterinarians","publisherLocation":"Orlando, FL","usgsCitation":"Olsen, G.H., and Carpenter, J.W., 1995, Andean condor medicine, reproduction, and husbandry, chap. <i>of</i> 1995 Main Conference Proceedings, Annual Conference and Expo  , p. 147-152.","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c2bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":329080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, J. W.","contributorId":81854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210740,"text":"5210740 - 1995 - A review of the sensory organs in wolves and their importance to life history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:08:58","indexId":"5210740","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"A review of the sensory organs in wolves and their importance to life history","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"25-27 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Asa, C.S., and Mech, L.D., 1995, A review of the sensory organs in wolves and their importance to life history, <i>in</i> Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, AB, 25-27 August 1992, p. 287-291.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"291","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7432","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507006,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507004,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507005,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Asa, C. S.","contributorId":34615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asa","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210739,"text":"5210739 - 1995 - Pack structure and genetic relatedness among wolf packs in a naturally-regulated population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-02T15:57:02.837447","indexId":"5210739","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"Pack structure and genetic relatedness among wolf packs in a naturally-regulated population","docAbstract":"<p>Observations of wolf pack dynamics over a six-year period in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, found high rates of intraspecific strife, wolf pack dissolution and new pack formation, and the acceptance of new wolves into established packs. These observations corroborate genetic studies that found more genetic links between packs, and more genetic diversity within packs, than would be expected if most packs were composed of an unrelated breeding pair and their offspring. Longevity of packs, stability of pack territories, and the incidence of inbreeding all appear to be less than previously suggested, even in the absence of significant human disturbance. The formation of new packs by two or more local dispersers, the acceptance of unrelated wolves into existing packs, and the presence of multiple breeding females within packs would tend to blur genetic distinctions between the packs in a population.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"August 25-27, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Meier, T.J., Burch, J.W., Mech, L.D., and Adams, L., 1995, Pack structure and genetic relatedness among wolf packs in a naturally-regulated population, <i>in</i> Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 25-27, 1992, p. 293-302.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"302","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":417692,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.uap.ualberta.ca/titles/189-9780919058934-ecology-and-conservation-of-wolves-in-a-changing-world"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696990","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507003,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507001,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507002,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":329155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210738,"text":"5210738 - 1995 - Patterns of prey selection by wolves in Denali National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:12:08","indexId":"5210738","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"seriesNumber":"35","title":"Patterns of prey selection by wolves in Denali National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The patterns of selection by wolves (<i>Canis lupu</i>s) preying on moose (<i>Alces alces</i>), caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>), and Dall sheep (<i>Ovis dalli)</i> in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska were studied from 1986 through early 1992. Wolves and their prey are legally protected or relatively unharvested in most of the area, and wolf numbers doubled during the study. Based on remains of 294 moose, 225 caribou, and 63 sheep, wolves killed calves and old adults disproportionately, and individuals with low marrow fat, jaw necrosis, or arthritis. Seasonal trends in proportions of various species, ages, and sex of kills were found. During the winters following winters of deep snowfalls, wolves greatly increased the proportion of caribou cows and calves taken. We conclude that in a natural system, wolves can survive on vulnerable prey even during moderate weather, and when snowfall exceeds average, they can respond by switching to newly vulnerable prey and greatly increasing their numbers.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"25-27 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., Meier, T., Burch, J.W., and Adams, L., 1995, Patterns of prey selection by wolves in Denali National Park, Alaska, <i>in</i> Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, AB, 25-27 August 1992, p. 231-243.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"243","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c627","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507000,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506998,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506999,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meier, T.J.","contributorId":66632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":329151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":329150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210757,"text":"5210757 - 1995 - Artificial insemination and cryopreservation of semen from nondomestic birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210757","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Artificial insemination and cryopreservation of semen from nondomestic birds","docAbstract":"Studies of Al and cryopreservation of semen from nondomestic birds began because of the increased emphasis on conservation of avian species threatened with extinction. Over the years, aviculturists have developed techniques for Al and cryopreservation of semen obtained from a variety of birds ranging from passerines to Andean condors. Generally, for each new species, we develop a practical semen collection technique and then evaluate the semen. A commercial semen extender (Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender) is modified and used to dilute the semen and provide support for the sperm during the freezing process (the pH and osmolality of the extender is adjusted to reflect the pH and osmolality of the semen being frozen). We find that the freezing schedule developed by Sexton (1977), which utilizes dimethylsulfoxide (DMS0) as cryoprotectant, works well for many species. We cool the sample sequentially in an ethanol bath, in liquid nitrogen vapor, and lastly in liquid nitrogen. Although we have experimented with a variety of freezing protocols, we prefer a 15-min equilibration period in DMSO at 5 C. We begin the freezing process by cooling at -1 C/min from 5 to -20 C in the ethanol bath. The samples are transferred into a vapor tank at a location just above liquid nitrogen and frozen at -50 C/min to -80 C. To complete the freezing process, the samples are plunged into the liquid nitrogen in the bottom of the vapor tank. The samples remain in liquid nitrogen until they are thawed just before insemination. If necessary, the freezing equipment can be transported in a van to remote locations.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Artificial Insemination of Poultry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Poultry Science Association, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Savoy, IL","collaboration":"OCLC:  34530911.  'Sponsored by Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, held at the University of Maryland, College Park, June 1994.'","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., 1995, Artificial insemination and cryopreservation of semen from nondomestic birds, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Artificial Insemination of Poultry, p. 262-279.","productDescription":"xiv, 297","startPage":"262","endPage":"279","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c8b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bakst, M.R.","contributorId":85291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakst","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507056,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wishart, G.J.","contributorId":113631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wishart","given":"G.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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