Since the arrival of Columbus in Puerto Rico, the Taino Indian has disappeared and the parrot has just barely survived (Wadsworth 1949; Snyder et al. 1987). The Puerto Rican parrot (Amazona vittata) had shared its habitat with the peaceful Taino Indians for centuries before the arrival of European settlers in the Caribbean.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Meyers, J.M., 1995, Puerto Rican parrots, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 83-85.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"85","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339890,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rican","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655da9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506588,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":506591,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":506589,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506590,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506587,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyers, J. Michael","contributorId":38658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210509,"text":"5210509 - 1995 - Breeding bird survey: Population trends 1966-92","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5210509,"text":"5210509 - 1995 - Breeding bird survey: Population trends 1966-92","indexId":"5210509","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Breeding bird survey: Population trends 1966-92"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T14:52:51","indexId":"5210509","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Breeding bird survey: Population trends 1966-92","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) was begun in 1966 to collect standardized data on bird populations along more than 3,400 survey routes across the continental United States and southern Canada. The BBS has been used to document distributions and establish continental, regional, and local population trends for more than 250 species.
We summarize here survey-wide patterns in the 1966-92 population trend estimates for 245 species of birds observed on a minimum of 40 routes with a mean relative abundance of 1.0 bird per route. Survey-wide trend estimates are also summarized for six groupings of birds, providing insight into broad geographical patterns of population trends of North American birds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B.G., Sauer, J.R., and Orsillo, S., 1995, Breeding bird survey: Population trends 1966-92, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 17-21.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"21","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339871,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fce52","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506583,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":506586,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":506584,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506585,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506582,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, Bruce G. bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":4493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"Bruce","email":"bpeterjohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":328568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":138949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orsillo, Sandra","contributorId":106224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orsillo","given":"Sandra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5210573,"text":"5210573 - 1995 - Population modeling and its role in toxicological studies","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5210573,"text":"5210573 - 1995 - Population modeling and its role in toxicological studies","indexId":"5210573","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"32","title":"Population modeling and its role in toxicological studies"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200050,"text":"5200050 - 1995 - Handbook of ecotoxicology","indexId":"5200050","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5200050,"text":"5200050 - 1995 - Handbook of ecotoxicology","indexId":"5200050","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-18T15:31:41","indexId":"5210573","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"32","title":"Population modeling and its role in toxicological studies","docAbstract":"A model could be defined as any abstraction from reality that is used to provide some insight into the real system. In this discussion, we will use a more specific definition that a model is a set of rules or assumptions, expressed as mathematical equations, that describe how animals survive and reproduce, including the external factors that affect these characteristics. A model simplifies a system, retaining essential components while eliminating parts that are not of interest. ecology has a rich history of using models to gain insight into populations, often borrowing both model structures and analysis methods from demographers and engineers. Much of the development of the models has been a consequence of mathematicians and physicists seeing simple analogies between their models and patterns in natural systems. Consequently, one major application of ecological modeling has been to emphasize the analysis of dynamics of often complex models to provide insight into theoretical aspects of ecology.1
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Handbook of ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"0873715853","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Pendleton, G.W., 1995, Population modeling and its role in toxicological studies, chap. 32 of Handbook of ecotoxicology, p. 681-702.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"681","endPage":"702","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683e9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506705,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":506704,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G. Allen Jr.","contributorId":111752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"G.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Allen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506706,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cairns, John Jr.","contributorId":111897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cairns","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506707,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, John R. jrsauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":3737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John R.","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pendleton, Grey W.","contributorId":191446,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Grey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210505,"text":"5210505 - 1995 - California condors","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":5210505,"text":"5210505 - 1995 - California condors","indexId":"5210505","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"California condors"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70148108,"text":"70148108 - 1995 - Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","indexId":"70148108","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T15:53:36","indexId":"5210505","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"California condors","docAbstract":"The California condor (Gymnogyps californianus) is a member of the vulture family. With a wingspan of about 3 m (9 ft) and weighing about 9 kg (20 lb), it spends much of its time in soaring flight visually seeking dead animals as food. The California condor has always been rare (Wilbur 1978; Pattee and Wilbur 1989). Although probably numbering in the thousands during the Pleistocene epoch in North America, its numbers likely declined dramatically with the extinction of most of North America's large mammals 10,000 years ago. Condors probably numbered in the hundreds and were nesting residents in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and Baja California around 1800. In 1939 the condor population was estimated at 60-100 birds, and its home range was reduced to the mountains and foothills of California, south of San Francisco and north of Los Angeles.
Conservation to halt the condor's decline included establishing the Sisquoc (1937) and Sespe (1947) condor sanctuaries within the Los Padres National Forest, obtaining fully protected status under California Fish and Game Code (1953), placement on California's first state endangered species list (1971), and, finally, being listed by the federal government under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Wilbur 1978). The success of these efforts could not be judged, however, because verifiable status and trends data did not become available until 1982. By using these data, we confirmed the decline in condor numbers over the past 50 years was even greater than thought.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Biological Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Pattee, O.H., and Mesta, R., 1995, California condors, chap. of Our living resources: A report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems, p. 80-81.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"81","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200809,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339889,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.webharvest.gov/peth04/20041019015728/https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/index.htm","linkHelpText":"Archived website"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8eae","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LaRoe, Edward T.","contributorId":112276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaRoe","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506563,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farris, Gaye S.","contributorId":84410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farris","given":"Gaye","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":506566,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett, Catherine E. cpuckett@usgs.gov","contributorId":4629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett","given":"Catherine","email":"cpuckett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":506564,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, Peter D.","contributorId":17533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506565,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506562,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Pattee, Oliver H.","contributorId":45412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pattee","given":"Oliver","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mesta, Robert","contributorId":95988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesta","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210233,"text":"5210233 - 1995 - Statistical aspects of point count sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210233","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Statistical aspects of point count sampling","docAbstract":"The dominant feature of point counts is that they do not census birds, but instead provide incomplete counts of individuals present within a survey plot. Considering a simple model for point count sampling, we demon-strate that use of these incomplete counts can bias estimators and testing procedures, leading to inappropriate conclusions. A large portion of the variability in point counts is caused by the incomplete counting, and this within-count variation can be confounded with ecologically meaningful varia-tion. We recommend caution in the analysis of estimates obtained from point counts. Using; our model, we also consider optimal allocation of sampling effort. The critical step in the optimization process is in determining the goals of the study and methods that will be used to meet these goals. By explicitly defining the constraints on sampling and by estimating the relationship between precision and bias of estimators and time spent counting, we can predict the optimal time at a point for each of several monitoring goals. In general, time spent at a point will differ depending on the goals of the study. ","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.","collaboration":" PDF on file: 4703_Barker.pdf ","usgsCitation":"Barker, R.J., and Sauer, J., 1995, Statistical aspects of point count sampling, chap. of Monitoring Bird Populations by Point Counts. , p. 125-130.","productDescription":"iv, 181","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92029,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/31750","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67ba98","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ralph, C.J.","contributorId":38252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralph","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506148,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506150,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":506149,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5200261,"text":"5200261 - 1995 - The Summer Atlas of North American Birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:19","indexId":"5200261","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"The Summer Atlas of North American Birds","docAbstract":"The North American Breeding Bird Survey comprises a network of regularly censussed, road-based survey routes and constitutes the most comprehensive set of data on the relative abundance and population trends of these birds during the summer months. Its value was highlighted in 1989, when the data were used to confirm suspected population declines in a number of species of neotropical migrants breeding in the northeastern United States and Canada. In this book Jeff and Amy Price and Sam Droege have used these data to create detailed, computer-generated maps showing the relative abundance of 450 species that summer in the contiguous United States and southern Canada. Tabular information on distribution hotspots for these, and a further 50 or so species too local in occurrence to map effectively, are also presented. As a data-based survey, the focus of the maps is on places where occurrence has been systematically confirmed over a number of years. As such, the maps provide a baseline for future and more regionally based studies. Supporting chapters provide details on the survey methodology, the mapping procedures used, and some current concerns in North American bird conservation.","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","collaboration":"ISBN: 0-12-564660-7","usgsCitation":"Price, J., Droege, S., and Price, A., 1995, The Summer Atlas of North American Birds, x, 364.","productDescription":"x, 364","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a7e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, J.","contributorId":91822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":327356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Price, A.","contributorId":78850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5200039,"text":"5200039 - 1995 - Wildlife Review No. 96 through No. 151","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T15:05:07","indexId":"5200039","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Wildlife Review No. 96 through No. 151","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Laurel, Maryland","usgsCitation":"1995, Wildlife Review No. 96 through No. 151.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0f8e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chiavetta, K.J.","contributorId":121515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiavetta","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519949,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5200050,"text":"5200050 - 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1995 - Organochlorine pesticides","indexId":"5210581","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"13","title":"Organochlorine pesticides"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200050,"text":"5200050 - 1995 - Handbook of ecotoxicology","indexId":"5200050","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":5210582,"text":"5210582 - 1995 - Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides","indexId":"5210582","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"12","title":"Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200050,"text":"5200050 - 1995 - Handbook of ecotoxicology","indexId":"5200050","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology"},"id":11},{"subject":{"id":5210583,"text":"5210583 - 1995 - Bioindicators used in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring","indexId":"5210583","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"11","title":"Bioindicators used in aquatic and terrestrial monitoring"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5200050,"text":"5200050 - 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Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition","indexId":"5200177","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology, second edition"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T15:14:49","indexId":"5200050","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"title":"Handbook of ecotoxicology","docAbstract":"The Handbook of Ecotoxicology offers 34 chapters with contributions from over 50 selected international experts. The book is divided into four major sections: I. Quantifying and Measuring Ecotoxicological Effects, II. Contaminant Sources and Effects, III. Case Histories and Ecosystem Surveys, and IV. Methods for Making Estimates and Predictability in Ecotoxicology. Concepts and methodology are presented for many types of aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicity test protocols for both controlled and field assessments. Chapters are offered on such diverse topics as sediment and soil ecotoxicity, landscape indicators, biomonitoring, and use of current bioindicators. The roles of deforestation and global warming, pathogens and disease in ecotoxicology, abiotic factors, urban runoff, predictive ecotoxicology, population modeling, and restoration ecology are discussed. This book was designed to serve as a reference book for students entering the fields of ecotoxicology, aquatic toxicology, terrestrial wildlife toxicology, and other environmental sciences. Many portions of this handbook will serve as a convenient reference text for established investigators, resource managers, and those involved in risk assessment and risk management within regulatory agencies and the private sector.","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","isbn":"0873715853","usgsCitation":"1995, Handbook of ecotoxicology (1st), x, 755.","productDescription":"x, 755","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"1st","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68aa61","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hoffman, David J.","contributorId":86075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505781,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rattner, Barnett A. 0000-0003-3676-2843 brattner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3676-2843","contributorId":4142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rattner","given":"Barnett","email":"brattner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":505784,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, G. 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S. Department of Interior, National Biological Service, Virginia Tech Cooperative Park Studies Unit","usgsCitation":"Leung, Y., and Marion, J., 1995, A survey of campsite conditions in eleven wilderness areas of the Jefferson National Forest. Final Report, 79.","productDescription":"79","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196023,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a5f17","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leung, Y.-F.","contributorId":34613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leung","given":"Y.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marion, J. L. 0000-0003-2226-689X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2226-689X","contributorId":10888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"J. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204690,"text":"70204690 - 1995 - Coastal ecosystem decision‐support GIS: Functions and methodology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-08T14:50:21","indexId":"70204690","displayToPublicDate":"2009-01-10T14:34:08","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2666,"text":"Marine Geodesy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal ecosystem decision‐support GIS: Functions and methodology","docAbstract":"To solve coastal resource and environmental issues and handle complex spatial data and information effectively and efficiently, a coastal ecosystem decision‐support geographic information system (GIS) is being developed at the Southern Science Center of the U.S. National Biological Service. With three subsystems, natural resource management, environmental impact assessment, and data and information handling, respectively, the multifunctional system is designed to provide decision makers with tools to integrate and organize various environmental data and information for analytical modeling, spatial query, and graphic visualization. The multiple integration approach was employed in this system's development based on a commercial GIS, which includes subsystems integration, environmental data integration, decision‐support functions integration, and analytical model integration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15210609509379758","usgsCitation":"Ji, W., and Johnson, J.B., 1995, Coastal ecosystem decision‐support GIS: Functions and methodology: Marine Geodesy, v. 18, no. 3, p. 229-241, https://doi.org/10.1080/15210609509379758.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"229","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Wei","contributorId":218024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, James B.","contributorId":55088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":768079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1017381,"text":"1017381 - 1995 - Conservation issues and strategies for elephant-shrews","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-08T15:56:26.841239","indexId":"1017381","displayToPublicDate":"2008-06-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2651,"text":"Mammal Review","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation issues and strategies for elephant-shrews","docAbstract":"The recommendations and implementation of the IUCN conservation plan for African Insectivora and elephant-shrews (Nicoll & Rathbun, 1990) are reviewed. Of the 33 species and subspecies of elephant-shrews, only six forest-dwelling taxa are threatened. Until additional status data are gathered, assessed, and published no changes in the IUCN threatened categories should be made: Rhynchocyon chrysopygus is ‘vulnerable’; Rhynchocyon petersi petersi and Rhynchocyon petersi adersi are ‘rare’; and Rhynchocyon cirnei cirnei, Rhynchocyon cirnei hendersoni, and Petrodromus tetradactylus sangi are ‘insufficiently known’. Implementing status surveys that have not been completed, especially for the forms of R. petersi and P. t. sangi, are a high priority. Rhynchocyon petersi and R. chrysopygus densities are lower in altered and trapped forests compared with undisturbed forests. Because undisturbed forests in eastern Africa are highly fragmented, small, and disappearing due to human encroachment, it is important to determine the population dynamics of Rhynchocyon spp. that occupy degraded forest habitats, such as plantations, follow agricultural lands, and coastal scrub. In the face of the expanding human population, with its increasing need for land and natural resources, Rhynchocyon populations that occur in these degraded habitats may be all that remain in the future.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2907.1995.tb00440.x","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, G.B., 1995, Conservation issues and strategies for elephant-shrews: Mammal Review, v. 25, no. 1-2, p. 79-86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.1995.tb00440.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698c31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, G. B.","contributorId":106044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70039441,"text":"70039441 - 1995 - Development of a National Digital Geospatial Data Framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:52","indexId":"70039441","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-22T14:57:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Development of a National Digital Geospatial Data Framework","docAbstract":"This proposal of a data framework to organize and enhance the activities of the geospatial data community to meet needs for basic themes of data was developed in response to a request in Executive Order 12906, Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (U.S. Executive Office of the President, 1994). The request stated: in consultation with State, local, and tribal governments and within 9 months of the date of this order, the FGDC shall submit a plan and schedule to OMB [U.S. Office of Management and Budget] for completing the initial implementation of a national digital geospatial data framework (\"framework\") by January 2000 and for establishing a process of ongoing data maintenance. The framework shall include geospatial data that are significant, in the determination of the FGDC, to a broad variety of users within any geographic area or nationwide. At a minimum, the plan shall address how the initial transportation, hydrology, and boundary elements of the framework might be completed by January 1998 in order to support the decennial census of 2000. The proposal was developed by representatives of local, regional, State, and Federal agencies under the auspices of the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC). The individuals are listed in the appendix of this report. This Framework Working Group identified the purpose and goals for the framework; identified incentives for participation; defined the information content; developed preliminary technical, operational, and business contexts; specified the institutional roles needed; and developed a strategy for a phased implementation of the framework.Members of the working group presented the concepts of the framework for discussion at several national and regional public meetings. The draft of the report also was provided for public, written review. These discussions and reviews were the source of many improvements to the report.The FGDC approved the report for submission to the Office of Management and Budget on March 31, 1995.","language":"English","publisher":"Federal Geographic Data Committee","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039441","usgsCitation":"Federal Geographic Data Committee, 1995, Development of a National Digital Geospatial Data Framework, viii, 23 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039441.","productDescription":"viii, 23 p.; Appendix","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261580,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039441/report.pdf"},{"id":261581,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039441/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a002fe4b0c8380cd4f626","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Federal Geographic Data Committee","contributorId":128057,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Federal Geographic Data Committee","id":535302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199248,"text":"70199248 - 1995 - Monitoring flooding in coastal wetlands by using radar imagery and ground-based measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T14:30:23","indexId":"70199248","displayToPublicDate":"2007-05-10T14:23:04","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring flooding in coastal wetlands by using radar imagery and ground-based measurements","docAbstract":"Satellite radar was used in a Florida Juncus roemerianus marsh to map tidal flooding, a critical control of coastal vegetation distribution. Radar images taken during a time of near-continuous recordings of ground-based hydrology measurements directly linked marsh flooding to lowered radar returns and indicated a negative covariation between flood frequency and radar return. Flood-extent contours extracted from the radar images and calibrated with point depth measurements showed marsh elevation could be estimated to about 8 cm compared to the 150 cm topographic contours currently available.
","language":"English ","publisher":"Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Society","doi":"10.1080/01431169508954571","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E., 1995, Monitoring flooding in coastal wetlands by using radar imagery and ground-based measurements: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 16, no. 13, p. 2495-2502, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169508954571.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2495","endPage":"2502","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357256,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110cece4b034bf6a81067e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ramsey, Elijah III 0000-0002-4518-5796 ramseye@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-5796","contributorId":195558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"Elijah","suffix":"III","email":"ramseye@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":744816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018813,"text":"70018813 - 1995 - Evolution of a trench-slope basin within the Cascadia subduction margin: The Neogene Humboldt Basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T16:22:39.888264","indexId":"70018813","displayToPublicDate":"2006-06-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3369,"text":"Sedimentology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of a trench-slope basin within the Cascadia subduction margin: The Neogene Humboldt Basin, California","docAbstract":"The Neogene Humboldt (Eel River) Basin is located along the north-eastern margin of the Pacific Ocean within the Cascadia subduction zone. This sedimentary basin originated near the base of the accretionary prism in post-Eocene time. Subduction processes since that time have elevated strata in the south-eastern portion of the basin above sea level. High-resolution chronostratigraphic data from the onshore portion of the Humboldt Basin enable correlation of time-equivalent lithofacies across the palaeomargin, reconstruction of slope-basin evolution, and preliminary delineation of climatic and tectonic influence on lithological variation. Emergent basin fill is divided into five lithofacies which clearly document shoaling of the inner trench slope from deep-water environments in early Miocene time to paralic environments in Pleistocene time. The oldest strata consist of hemipelagic mudstones and minor debris-flow breccias deposited in a deep-water setting during elevated sea level. These strata are overlain by glauconite-rich, fine-grained turbidites which heralded an increasing influx of terrigenous detritus. Water depths shoaled earlier in the eastern basin area as the palaeoshoreline prograded seaward. Turbidite deposition ceased in the eastern basin area at about 2-2 Ma, whereas 22 km to the west, turbidite deposition continued until about 1-8 Ma. Lithofacies at the western study site change abruptly across a middle Pleistocene unconformity from outer shelf to paralic deposits. In the east, a more complete Pleistocene section records transition from outer to inner shelf, beach and fluvial environments.
The Humboldt Basin lithofacies sequence is overprinted by eustatic control of sediment source. Comparison of sediment character with palaeoceanographic conditions indicates dominance of hemipelagic facies during periods of elevated sea level in the middle Miocene and early Pliocene when depocentres were isolated from terrigenous sediment. Glauconite-rich facies were mobilized from an upper slope setting following these periods of elevated sea level and redeposited in a deep-marine environment. Pleistocene shoreline lithofacies display glacio-esutatic control of depositional environment by recording several cycles of nearshore to fluvial progressions.
General models of accretionary prism behaviour and trench-slope basin evolution are compatible with the overall coarsening-upward lithofacies sequence filling the Humboldt Basin. Early structural barriers precluded deposition of terrigenous material except from locally derived debris flows; subsequent shoaling and burial of deactivated thrust-folds enabled turbidity flows to reach the basin floor.
However, late-stage tectonism apparently controlled the onset of coarse-grained deposition in this sequence. Significant sand-rich turbidite deposition began in the middle Pliocene, synchronous with tectonic uplift of the southern basin margin. Conversely, cessation of turbidite deposition in the eastern basin area in latest Pliocene time was synchronous with growth of anticlinal structures which again blocked widespread dispersal of turbidity flows. This middle Pliocene to Holocene period of crustal shortening is synchronous with continued reduction in spreading rate along the southern Juan de Fuca ridge, and probably reflects partial coupling between the subducting lithosphere and the overlying accretionary prism.
The first European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images offer opportunities for studying glacier surface properties and near-surface features. Analysis of back-scatter values from digital SAR data from 18 January, 7 June, 1 September and 25 October 1993 of Brúarjökull, an outlet glacier on the northeastern margin of the Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, that has a history of episodic surges, reveals several back-scatter boundaries that may relate to glacier facies and, inferentially, to mass balance. For example, a strong back-scatter boundary on the 18 January image of the snow-covered glacier, representing a back-scatter coefficient, σ°, difference of 4.34dB, appears to coincide with the position of the transient snow line at the end of the 1990–91 budget year. The boundary is visible on the 7 September 1991 Landsat thematic mapper (TM) image. The terminus is very difficult to define because of back-wasting from the last surge (1963–64) but is most easily delineated on the 1 September 1993 SAR and the 7 September 1991 TM images, in part due to the presence of ice-margin lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Glaciological Society","doi":"10.3189/S0260305500015937","usgsCitation":"Hall, D.K., Williams, R.S., and Sigurdsson, O., 1995, Glaciological observations of Brúarjökull, Iceland, using synthetic aperture radar and thematic mapper satellite data: Annals of Glaciology, v. 21, p. 271-276, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500015937.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"276","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500015937","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":353216,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Brúarjökull","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -18.3251953125,\n 63.61698233975829\n ],\n [\n -14.589843749999998,\n 63.61698233975829\n ],\n [\n -14.589843749999998,\n 64.95146502589559\n ],\n [\n -18.3251953125,\n 64.95146502589559\n ],\n [\n -18.3251953125,\n 63.61698233975829\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2081e4b0da30c1bfd5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Dorothy K.","contributorId":24697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Dorothy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":732886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":19946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sigurdsson, Oddur","contributorId":38666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sigurdsson","given":"Oddur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72355,"text":"ofr95257 - 1995 - Seismic Sources and Recurrence Rates as Adopted by USGS Staff for the Production of the 1982 and 1990 Probabilistic Ground Motion Maps for Alaska and the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:01","indexId":"ofr95257","displayToPublicDate":"2005-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-257","title":"Seismic Sources and Recurrence Rates as Adopted by USGS Staff for the Production of the 1982 and 1990 Probabilistic Ground Motion Maps for Alaska and the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"The construction of a probabilistic ground-motion hazard map for a region follows a sequence of analyses beginning with the selection of an earthquake catalog and ending with the mapping of calculated probabilistic ground-motion values (Hanson and others, 1992). An integral part of this process is the creation of sources used for the calculation of earthquake recurrence rates and ground motions. These sources consist of areas and lines that are representative of geologic or tectonic features and faults.\r\nAfter the design of the sources, it is necessary to arrange the coordinate points in a particular order compatible with the input format for the SEISRISK-III program (Bender and Perkins, 1987). Source zones are usually modeled as a point-rupture source. Where applicable, linear rupture sources are modeled with articulated lines, representing known faults, or a field of parallel lines, representing a generalized distribution of hypothetical faults. Based on the distribution of earthquakes throughout the individual source zones (or a collection of several sources), earthquake recurrence rates are computed for each of the sources, and a minimum and maximum magnitude is assigned.\r\nOver a period of time from 1978 to 1980 several conferences were held by the USGS to solicit information on regions of the United States for the purpose of creating source zones for computation of probabilistic ground motions (Thenhaus, 1983). As a result of these regional meetings and previous work in the Pacific Northwest, (Perkins and others, 1980), California continental shelf, (Thenhaus and others, 1980), and the Eastern outer continental shelf, (Perkins and others, 1979) a consensus set of source zones was agreed upon and subsequently used to produce a national ground motion hazard map for the United States (Algermissen and others, 1982).\r\nIn this report and on the accompanying disk we provide a complete list of source areas and line sources as used for the 1982 and later 1990 seismic hazard maps for the conterminous U.S. and Alaska. These source zones are represented in the input form required for the hazard program SEISRISK-III, and they include the attenuation table and several other input parameter lines normally found at the beginning of an input data set for SEISRISK-III.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95257","usgsCitation":"Hanson, S.L., and Perkins, D.M., 1995, Seismic Sources and Recurrence Rates as Adopted by USGS Staff for the Production of the 1982 and 1990 Probabilistic Ground Motion Maps for Alaska and the Conterminous United States (Online only, Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-257, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95257.","productDescription":"42 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":192978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7322,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/257/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Online only, Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb877","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Stanley L.","contributorId":8113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perkins, David M. perkins@usgs.gov","contributorId":2114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perkins","given":"David","email":"perkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206,"text":"b2064C - 1995 - Stratigraphic setting of sediment-hosted mineral deposits in the eastern part of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and part of the southern part of the Challis 1° x 2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70206,"text":"b2064C - 1995 - Stratigraphic setting of sediment-hosted mineral deposits in the eastern part of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and part of the southern part of the Challis 1° x 2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho","indexId":"b2064C","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Stratigraphic setting of sediment-hosted mineral deposits in the eastern part of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and part of the southern part of the Challis 1° x 2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33263,"text":"b2064AR - 1995 - Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","indexId":"b2064AR","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-R","title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33263,"text":"b2064AR - 1995 - Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","indexId":"b2064AR","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-09T21:17:43.770715","indexId":"b2064C","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"C","title":"Stratigraphic setting of sediment-hosted mineral deposits in the eastern part of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and part of the southern part of the Challis 1° x 2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"The paper version of the Geologic map of outcrop areas of sedimentary units in the eastern part of the Hailey 1x2 Quadrangle and part of the southern part of the Challis 1x2 Quadrangle, south-central Idaho was compiled by Paul Link and others in 1995. The plate was compiled on a 1:100,000 scale topographic base map. TechniGraphic System, Inc. of Fort Collins Colorado digitized this map under contract for N.Shock. G.Green edited and prepared the digital version for publication as a GIS database. The digital geologic map database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2064C","usgsCitation":"Link, P.K., Mahoney, J., Bruner, D., Batatian, L.D., Wilson, E., and Williams, F.J., 1995, Stratigraphic setting of sediment-hosted mineral deposits in the eastern part of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and part of the southern part of the Challis 1° x 2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, 1 Plate; 28.00 × 47.00 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064C.","productDescription":"1 Plate; 28.00 × 47.00 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192657,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388238,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22337.htm"},{"id":90496,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2064c/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":8135,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/bulletin/2064/c/metadata.faq.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":6921,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-c/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Challis 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115,43.25 ], [ -115,44.25 ], [ -114,44.25 ], [ -114,43.25 ], [ -115,43.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a28fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Link, P. K.","contributorId":34973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahoney, J. B.","contributorId":70959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahoney","given":"J. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bruner, D. J.","contributorId":23396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruner","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batatian, L. D.","contributorId":36196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batatian","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilson, Eric","contributorId":96542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, F. J. C.","contributorId":25041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70205,"text":"b2064A - 1995 - Map showing geologic terranes of the Hailey 1°x2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1°x2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70205,"text":"b2064A - 1995 - Map showing geologic terranes of the Hailey 1°x2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1°x2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho","indexId":"b2064A","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Map showing geologic terranes of the Hailey 1°x2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1°x2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33263,"text":"b2064AR - 1995 - Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","indexId":"b2064AR","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"A-R","title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33263,"text":"b2064AR - 1995 - Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho","indexId":"b2064AR","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1° x 2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-13T20:53:18.833521","indexId":"b2064A","displayToPublicDate":"2005-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2064","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing geologic terranes of the Hailey 1°x2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1°x2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho","docAbstract":"The paper version of Map Showing Geologic Terranes of the Hailey 1x2 Quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1x2 Quadrangle, south-central Idaho was compiled by Ron Worl and Kate Johnson in 1995. The plate was compiled on a 1:250,000 scale topographic base map. TechniGraphic System, Inc. of Fort Collins Colorado digitized this map under contract for N.Shock. G.Green edited and prepared the digital version for publication as a geographic information system database. The digital geologic map database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and mineral resources of the Hailey 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Idaho","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2064A","usgsCitation":"Worl, R.G., and Johnson, K.M., 1995, Map showing geologic terranes of the Hailey 1°x2° quadrangle and the western part of the Idaho Falls 1°x2° quadrangle, south-central Idaho (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2064, 1 Plate: 38.00 × 27.50 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2064A.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.00 × 27.50 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":192656,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":6920,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2064-a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":90495,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2064a/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":109826,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22335.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"22335"},{"id":8134,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/bulletin/2064/a/metadata.faq.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Hailey 1°x2° quadrangle, Idaho Falls 1°x2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116,43 ], [ -116,44 ], [ -113.3750,44 ], [ -113.3750,43 ], [ -116,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4c26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Worl, R. G.","contributorId":13984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worl","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, K. M.","contributorId":23513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":282016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70203812,"text":"70203812 - 1995 - Offspring growth in the California gull: Reproductive effort and parental experience hypotheses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-13T14:08:30","indexId":"70203812","displayToPublicDate":"2003-12-23T14:02:51","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":770,"text":"Animal Behaviour","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Offspring growth in the California gull: Reproductive effort and parental experience hypotheses","docAbstract":"Measures of adult feeding and foraging behaviour in the California gull, Larus californicus, were related to the growth of their offspring. Offspring showed significantly higher growth when average feeding interval, a measure of the time interval between feedings, and feeding latency following foraging decreased. The amount of time parents foraged was positively related to offspring growth and negatively correlated with average feeding interval. Either (1) increased foraging efficiency with parental age, or (2) increased reproductive effort with age, could explain age-related differences in patterns of feeding behaviour and their impact on offspring growth. However, data on foraging time support only the hypothesis of increased reproductive effort with parental age.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0003-3472(95)80197-9","usgsCitation":"Pugesek, B.H., 1995, Offspring growth in the California gull: Reproductive effort and parental experience hypotheses: Animal Behaviour, v. 49, no. 3, p. 641-647, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-3472(95)80197-9.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"641","endPage":"647","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364652,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","county":"Albany County","otherGeospatial":"Bamforth Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.7448673248291,\n 41.37353990347627\n ],\n [\n -105.73984622955322,\n 41.37353990347627\n ],\n [\n -105.73984622955322,\n 41.377243301503945\n ],\n [\n -105.7448673248291,\n 41.377243301503945\n ],\n [\n -105.7448673248291,\n 41.37353990347627\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pugesek, Bruce H.","contributorId":22668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pugesek","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":764228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30289,"text":"wri944197 - 1995 - Reconnaissance of ground-water quality in the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District, eastern Nebraska, July through September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:55","indexId":"wri944197","displayToPublicDate":"2002-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4197","title":"Reconnaissance of ground-water quality in the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District, eastern Nebraska, July through September 1992","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of ground-water quality was conducted in the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District of eastern Nebraska. Sixty-one irrigation, municipal, domestic, and industrial wells completed in the principal aquifers--the unconfined Elkhorn, Missouri, and Platte River Valley alluvial aquifers, the upland area alluvial aquifers, and the Dakota aquifer--were selected for water-quality sampling during July, August, and September 1992. Analyses of water samples from the wells included determination of dissolved nitrate as nitrogen and triazine and acetanilide herbicides. Waterquality analyses of a subset of 42 water samples included dissolved solids, major ions, metals, trace elements, and radionuclides. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate as nitrogen in water samples from 2 of 13 wells completed in the upland area alluvial aquifers exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water of 10 milligrams per liter. Thirty-nine percent of the dissolved nitrate-as-nitrogen concentrations were less than the detection level of 0.05 milligram per liter. The largest median dissolved nitrate-as-nitrogen concentrations were in water from the upland area alluvial aquifers and the Dakota aquifer. Water from all principal aquifers, except the Dakota aquifer, had detectable concentrations of herbicides. Herbicides detected included alachlor (1 detection), atrazine (13 detections), cyanazine (5 detections), deisopropylatrazine (6 detections), deethylatrazine (9 detections), metolachlor (6 detections), metribuzin (1 detection), prometon (6 detections), and simazine (2 detections). Herbicide concentrations did not exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels for drinking water. In areas where the hydraulic gradient favors loss of surface water to ground water, the detection of herbicides in water from wells along the banks of the Platte River indicates that the river could act as a line source of herbicides. Water from the alluvial and bedrock aquifers generally was a calcium bicarbonate type and was hard. Two of nine water samples collected from the Dakota aquifer contained calcium sulfate type water. Results of analyses of 42 groundwater samples for major ions, metals, trace elements, and radionuclide constituents indicated that statistically at least one principal aquifer had significant differences in its water chemistry. In general, the water chemistry of the Dakota aquifer was similar to the water chemistry of the upland area alluvial aquifers in areas where there was a hydraulic connection. The water from the Dakota aquifer had large dissolved-solids, calcium, sulfate, chloride, iron, lithium, manganese, and strontium concentrations in areas where the aquifer is thought not to be in hydraulic connection with the Missouri River Valley and upland area alluvial aquifers. Ground-water quality in the Papio-MissouriRiver Natural Resources District is generally suitable for most uses. However, the numerous occurrences of herbicides in water of the Elkhorn and Platte River Valley alluvial aquifers, especially near the Platte River, are of concern because U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels could be exceeded. Concentrations in three of nine water samples collected from wells completed in the Dakota aquifer exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Levels or Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels for gross alpha activity, radon-222 activity, dissolved solids, sulfate, or iron. Also of concern are the exceedances of the U.S Environmental Protection Agency proposed Maximum Contaminant Level for radon-222 activity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944197","usgsCitation":"Verstraeten, I., and Ellis, M.J., 1995, Reconnaissance of ground-water quality in the Papio-Missouri River Natural Resources District, eastern Nebraska, July through September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4197, vi, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944197.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59080,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682b64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verstraeten, Ingrid M.","contributorId":61033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verstraeten","given":"Ingrid M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, M. J.","contributorId":27840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5342,"text":"fs00395 - 1995 - United States Geological Survey, Programs in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"fs00395","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"003-95","title":"United States Geological Survey, Programs in Arizona","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs00395","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, United States Geological Survey, Programs in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 003-95, 4 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs00395.","productDescription":"4 p. : ill., maps ; 28 cm. ill., maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wid/html/az.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117219,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0003/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32034,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0003/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f3f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6673,"text":"fs02894 - 1995 - Experimental studies of deposition at a debris-flow flume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T11:22:34","indexId":"fs02894","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"028-94","title":"Experimental studies of deposition at a debris-flow flume","docAbstract":"Geologists commonly infer the flow conditions and the physical properties of debris flows from the sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and morphologic characteristics of their deposits. However, such inferences commonly lack corroboration by direct observation because the capricious nature of debris flows makes systematic observation and measurement of natural events both difficult and dangerous. Furthermore, in contrast to the numerous experimental studies of water flow and related fluvial deposition, few real-time observations and measurements of sediment deposition by large-scale mass flow of debris under controlled conditions have been made. Recent experiments at the U.S. Geological Survey debris-flow flume in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon (Iverson and others, 1992) are shedding new insight on sediment deposition by debris flows and on the veracity of methods commonly used to reconstruct flow character from deposit characteristics.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs02894","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., 1995, Experimental studies of deposition at a debris-flow flume: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 028-94, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02894.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288599,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs02894.jpg"},{"id":288186,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0028/"},{"id":288187,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1994/0028/pdf/fs1994-0028.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f925f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6765,"text":"fs19695 - 1995 - Atrazine in surface water and relation to hydrologic conditions within the Delaware River Basin Pesticide Management Area, Northeast Kansas, July 1992 through December 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-02T10:16:43","indexId":"fs19695","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"196-95","displayTitle":"Atrazine in Surface Water and Relation to Hydrologic Conditions Within the Delaware River Basin Pesticide Management Area, Northeast Kansas, July 1992 Through December 1994","title":"Atrazine in surface water and relation to hydrologic conditions within the Delaware River Basin Pesticide Management Area, Northeast Kansas, July 1992 through December 1994","docAbstract":"Since about 1960, atrazine has been used as an effective pre- and postemergent herbicide in the production of corn and grain sorghum. Atrazine is a triazine-class herbicide and was the most frequently detected herbicide in surface water of the lower Kansas River Basin of southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas (Stamer and Zelt, 1994). Approximately 95 percent of the atrazine applied in the United States is used in corn and grain-sorghum production, predominately in the Mississippi River Basin where about 82 percent of the Nation's corn acreage is planted (CIBA-GEIGY Corp., 1992). Until recent changes in product labeling, atrazine commonly was applied at relatively high rates to control weeds around commercial and industrial areas and along railroad right-of-ways. Crop yields have increased during the last 40 years due in part to the use of herbicides in reducing weed growth and competition for moisture and nutrients. However, concern on the part of water suppliers, health officials, and the public also has increased regarding the safe and responsible use of herbicides. One issue is whether the widespread use of atrazine may pose a potential threat to public-water supplies in areas where the herbicide is used because of its ability to easily dissolve in water and its possible effects on the health of humans and aquatic life.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs19695","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., 1995, Atrazine in surface water and relation to hydrologic conditions within the Delaware River Basin Pesticide Management Area, Northeast Kansas, July 1992 through December 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 196-95, Document: 4 p.; Figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19695.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.; Figures","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123340,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362149,"rank":3,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0196/fs.196-95.fig1.pdf","text":"Figure 1","size":"67.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995–0196 Figure 1"},{"id":362150,"rank":4,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0196/fs.196-95.fig2.pdf","text":"Figure 2","size":"43.4 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995–0196 Figure 2"},{"id":362151,"rank":5,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0196/fs.196-95.fig3.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"44.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995–0196 Figure 3"},{"id":360111,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0196/fs19950196.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.8 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995–0196"},{"id":362152,"rank":6,"type":{"id":29,"text":"Figure"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0196/fs.196-95.fig4.pdf","text":"Figure 4","size":"30.3 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1995–0196 Figure 4"}],"contact":"Director, Kansas Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1217 Biltmore Drive
Lawrence, KS 66049