{"pageNumber":"3840","pageRowStart":"95975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":185189,"records":[{"id":26653,"text":"wri954089 - 1995 - Discharge ratings for tainter gates and roller gates at Lock and Dam No. 7 on the Mississippi River, La Crescent, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T11:39:39","indexId":"wri954089","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4089","title":"Discharge ratings for tainter gates and roller gates at Lock and Dam No. 7 on the Mississippi River, La Crescent, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>The water-surface elevations on the Inland Waterway Navigation System of the upper Mississippi River are controlled during normal operating conditions by various flow controls at 29 locks and dams. The headwater (navigation pool) and tailwater elevations at Lock and Dam No. 7 are controlled by the regulation of 11 tainter gates and 5 roller gates. Discharge ratings for these tainter and roller gates were developed for use in computing discharge through Dam No. 7 and to aid in regulating the navigation pool within its normal operating limits of 639.00 &plusmn; 0.20 feet (NGVD 1912). Hydraulic-control variables and discharges were measured at the tainter and roller gates and analyzed for this report.</p>\n<p>Fifty-two current-meter measurements of discharges that ranged from discharges too low to measure to 12,600 cubic feet per second were made in the forebays of the tainter and roller gates. The measured discharges were used to define flow regimes as a function of static-headwater depth (hi), static-tailwater depth (03), and vertical height of tainter or roller gate opening (hg). Submerged-orifice flow is the predominant flow regime at Lock and Dam No. 7.</p>\n<p>Twenty-four discharge measurements were used to develop submerged-orifice discharge coefficient relations for the 11 tainter gates. Twenty discharge measurements were used to develop a submerged-orifice discharge coefficient relation for the five roller gates.</p>\n<p>Coefficients of discharge (Cgs) ranged fron 0.126 (hg = 1 foot) to 1.089 (hg = 10 feet) for tainter gates and from 0.050 (hg = 1 foot) to 0.302 (hg = 14 feet) for roller gates. Disch^ge was measured at three different tainter gates with the gates closed (hg = 0) to evaluate tH tainter-gate leakage-discharge relations. No measurable leakage was observed. The resulting equations can be used to compute discharge at Lock and Dam No. 7 for the tainter and re Her gates under normal flow conditions. Discharge rating tables for the tainter and roller gates are given with a headwater elevation of 639.00 feet normal pool elevation for selected tailwate\" elevations and gate openings.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., and Schuler, J., 1995, Discharge ratings for tainter gates and roller gates at Lock and Dam No. 7 on the Mississippi River, La Crescent, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4089, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954089.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55531,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126637,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4089/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"La Cresent","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              43.49676775343911\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              43.9058083561574\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8734130859375,\n              43.9058083561574\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.8734130859375,\n              43.49676775343911\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64794921875,\n              43.49676775343911\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a996","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corsi, Steven R. srcorsi@usgs.gov","contributorId":511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"Steven R.","email":"srcorsi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuler, J.G.","contributorId":66304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29204,"text":"wri954040 - 1995 - Estimated loads of selected constituents from permitted and nonpermitted sources at selected surface-water-quality stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River basins, New Jersey, 1985-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri954040","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4040","title":"Estimated loads of selected constituents from permitted and nonpermitted sources at selected surface-water-quality stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River basins, New Jersey, 1985-90","docAbstract":"Surface-water-quality data from the cooperative sampling network maintained by the U.S. Geological Survey and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for 1985-90 are summarized for stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River Basins. Four constituents are included in the analysis:  biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon (TOC). Contemporaneous streamflow estimates were used to calculate instream loads from constituent concentrations in water-quality samples. Loads from permitted point sources were estimated as the sum of reported loads of BOD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus upstream from each station. TOC permitted-source loads were not estimated because point-source release data were insufficient. The relative contribution of loads from permitted sources to the total instream loads differed markedly among the basins and between upstream and downstream locations within the basins. Some of these differences can be attributed to reesrvoir effects; others are related to the presence or absence of major permitted sources upstream from water-quality stations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954040","usgsCitation":"Price, C.V., and Schaefer, F., 1995, Estimated loads of selected constituents from permitted and nonpermitted sources at selected surface-water-quality stations in the Musconetcong, Rockaway, and Whippany River basins, New Jersey, 1985-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4040, v, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954040.","productDescription":"v, 28 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119786,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58063,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672575","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Price, C. V.","contributorId":19190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaefer, F. L.","contributorId":91085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"F. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27579,"text":"wri954064 - 1995 - Effects of waste-disposal practices on ground-water quality at five poultry (broiler) farms in north-central Florida, 1992-93","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:17:37.903932","indexId":"wri954064","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4064","title":"Effects of waste-disposal practices on ground-water quality at five poultry (broiler) farms in north-central Florida, 1992-93","docAbstract":"<p>Waste-disposal areas such as chicken-house floors, litter stockpiles, fields that receive applications of litter, and dead-chicken pits are potential sources of nitrates and other chemical constituents in downward-percolating recharge water. Broiler- farms in north-central Florida are concentrated in a region where the Upper Floridan aquifer is unconfined and susceptible to contamination. Eighteen monitoring wells installed at five sites were sampled quarterly from March 1992 through January 1993. Increases in median concentrations of constituents relative to an upgradient well were used to determine the source of the nitrate at two sites. At these sites, increases in the median concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen in ground water in the vicinity of waste-disposal areas at these sites were: 5.4 mg/L for one chicken house; 9.0 mg/L for a second chicken house; 2.0 mg/L for a fallow field that received an application of litter; and, 2.0 mg/L for a dead-chicken pit. At the three remaining sites where the direction of local ground-water flow could not be ascertained, the sources of concentrations of nitrate and other constituents could not be determined. However, median nitrate concentrations in the vicinity of waste-disposal areas at these sites were: 45.5 mg/L for a set of two chicken houses; 3.0 mg/L for a stockpile area; and 2.1 mg/L for a hayfield that received an application of litter. The nitrate concentration in ground water in the vicinity of a field that had previously received heavy applications of litter increased from 3.0 mg/L to 105 mg/L approximately 4 months after receiving an application of commercial fertilizer. Increases in concentrations of organic nitrogen in ground water in the vicinity of waste-disposal areas may be related to the decomposition of litter and subsequent movement with downward percolating recharge water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954064","usgsCitation":"Hatzell, H.H., 1995, Effects of waste-disposal practices on ground-water quality at five poultry (broiler) farms in north-central Florida, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4064, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954064.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123845,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_95_4064.jpg"},{"id":2175,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":415475,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48174.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.75,\n              30.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25,\n              30.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.25,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.75,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.75,\n              30.4167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fc0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatzell, H. H.","contributorId":7732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatzell","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26970,"text":"wri954007 - 1995 - Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 1991-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-26T21:34:37.892523","indexId":"wri954007","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4007","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 1991-92","docAbstract":"The reconnaissance investigation results indicated that irrigation drainage generally has not adversely affected biota in the Columbia Basin Project. Hazards to biota from large concentrations of certain trace elements in water and bottom sediment, and caused by high evaporation rates in irrigated arid lands, are reduced by imported, dilute Columbia River water. However, boron concentrations in aquatic plants might affect waterfowl feeding on these plants and arsenic concentrations in juvenile coots were similar to those in mallard ducklings who exhibited abnormalities after being fed an arsenic-supplemented diet. During irrigation season, concentrations of boron, nitrate, and dissolved solids in water were increased in the southern wasteways because of water reuse. During non-irrigation season, constituent concentrations were large when stream flows are sustained by return water from tile drains and ground water. However, concentrations of dissolved constituents typically did not exceed standards or criteria for humans, freshwater life, or beneficial uses of the water. In water, the herbicide 2,4-D was detected more than any other pesticide and in concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0 microgram per liter. In bottom sediment, organochlorine insecticides were detected in samples from 19 of 21 sites. In fish collected from some wasteways, chlordane, DDT, and dieldrin concentrations occasionally exceeded freshwater protection criteria.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954007","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., and Block, E.K., 1995, Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Columbia Basin Project, Washington, 1991-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4007, vii, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954007.","productDescription":"vii, 144 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407371,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48130.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55856,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4007/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4007/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Basin Project","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120,\n              46.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              46.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              47.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -120,\n              46.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63eb56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Block, E. K.","contributorId":32134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Block","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44780,"text":"wri924128 - 1995 - Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system in the upper Maurice River basin and adjacent areas in Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1986-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T21:54:43.42017","indexId":"wri924128","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4128","title":"Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system in the upper Maurice River basin and adjacent areas in Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1986-87","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924128","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., and Rosman, R., 1995, Hydrology of the unconfined aquifer system in the upper Maurice River basin and adjacent areas in Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1986-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4128, 5 Plates: 54.00 x 40.59 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924128.","productDescription":"5 Plates: 54.00 x 40.59 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":170688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82111,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4128/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82110,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4128/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4128/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":414396,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47682.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":82109,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4128/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82108,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4128/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United states","state":"New Jersey","county":"Gloucester County","otherGeospatial":"upper Maurice River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.3225,\n              39.8014\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3225,\n              39.4917\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8814,\n              39.4917\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.8814,\n              39.8014\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3225,\n              39.8014\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc78e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre J. placombe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre J.","email":"placombe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosman, Robert 0000-0001-5042-1872 rrosman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-1872","contributorId":2846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosman","given":"Robert","email":"rrosman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30222,"text":"wri954028 - 1995 - Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri954028","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4028","title":"Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"The aquifers of the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, in the northwestern part of Puerto Rico, are the least developed of those on the north coast, and relatively little information is available concerning the ground-water system. The present study, which was part of a comprehensive appraisal of the ground-water resources of the North Coast Province, attempts to interpret the hydrology of the area within the constraints of available data.  The study area consists of an uplifted rolling plain that is 200 to 400 feet above sea level and a heavily forested, karst upland. The only major streams in the area are the Rfo Camuy and the Rio Guajataca. Most water used in the area is obtained from Lago de Guajataca, just south of the study area, and ground-water use is minimal (less than 5 million gallons per day). Sedimentary rocks of Tertiary age, mainly limestone and calcareous clays, comprise the aquifers of the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area. The rocks generally dip from 4 to 7 degrees to the north, and the total sedimentary rock sequence may be as much as 6,000 feet thick near the Atlantic coast.  Baseflows for the Rio Camuy are 58 cubic feet per second near Bayaney and 72 cubic feet per second near Hatillo. The ground-water discharge to the Rio Camuy between these stations is estimated to be 15 cubic feet per second, or 2.6 cubic feet per second per linear mile. The flow of the Rio Guajataca is regulated by the Guajataca Dam at Lago de Guajataca. Ground-water discharge to the Rio Guajataca between the dam and the coast is estimated to be about 17 cubic feet per.second, based on the average ground-water discharge per linear mile estimated for the Rio Camuy.  Both water-table and artesian aquifers are present in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area; how-ever, most ground water occurs within the watertable aquifer, which was the primary focus of this study. The top of the confining unit, below the water-table aquifer, generally is within the unnamed upper member of the Cibao Formation; however, it is within the Los Puertos Formation in the eastern part of the study area. The water-table aquifer primarily is composed of rocks of the Aymam6n Limestone and the Los Puertos Formation. The estimated saturated thickness of the water-table aquifer ranges from zero at the southern limit of the aquifer to more than 600 feet south of Isabela.  Hydraulic conductivity of the Aymam6n Limestone, based on specific-capacity test data for seven wells, ranges from about 1 to about 25 feet per day and averages 7.5 feet per day. Hydraulic conductivity of the Los Puertos Formation, based on specific-capacity test data for four wells, generally was less than 7 feet. per day. The average hydraulic-conductivity value for both the Aymam6n Limestone and the Los Puertos Formation, based on specific-capacity test data, is estimated to be about 6.0 feet per day. These hydraulic-conductivity values are much less than average values for the water-table aquifer reported for other parts of the North Coast Province. Transmissivity values, based on the average hydraulic-conductivity value for the aquifer derived from specific-capacity tests, range from zero to about 4,000 feet squared per day; however, these values were adjusted upward during model calibration.  Ground water generally moves from the highlands in the south toward the sea to the north and west, and locally, to streams. A major groundwater divide extends from the southeastern corner of the study area to the northwest, and separates flow north and east into the study area from flow to the southwest toward the Rio Culebrinas. Nearly all recharge to the aquifer is from infiltration of rainfall into the karst uplands. Discharge from the aquifer primarily occurs as leakage to streams and to the sea, and to a lesser degree as flow to wells.  A two-layer, three-dimensional, steady-state, numerical model was constructed to simulateground-water flow in the water-table aquifer between Aguadilla and the R/o Camuy area. A basic a","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954028","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., and Martinez, M., 1995, Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Aguadilla to Rio Camuy area, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4028, iv, 39 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954028.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59005,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605068","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martinez, M.I.","contributorId":12895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martinez","given":"M.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27873,"text":"wri954194 - 1995 - Ground-water levels and directions of flow in Geauga County, Ohio, September 1994, and changes in ground-water levels, 1986-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-05T09:38:15","indexId":"wri954194","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4194","title":"Ground-water levels and directions of flow in Geauga County, Ohio, September 1994, and changes in ground-water levels, 1986-94","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Geauga County Planning Commission and Board of County Commissioners, to determine directions of ground-water flow and to assess differences from 1986 to 1994 in groundwater levels in the glacial deposits and Pottsville Formation, Cuyahoga Group, and the Berea Sandstone. Water levels were measured in 219 wells in Geauga County, Ohio, in September 1994. Water levels measured in January and February 1986 in 88 of the 219 wells were used for comparison.</p><p>Water-level maps constructed from measurements made in September 1994 show that ground-water levels in the Pottsville Formation and the glacial deposits generally correspond to the land-surface configuration and that ground water flows from the uplands to adjacent streams and buried valleys. Ground-water flow in the Cuyahoga Group is generally downward from the Pottsville Formation to the Berea Sandstone. Directions of ground-water flow in the Berea Sandstone are toward outcrop areas at the north and east edges of Geauga County and toward subcrops beneath buried glacial valley deposits in Chardon, Chester, Munson, and Russell Townships and along the west edge of the county.</p><p>A comparison of water level measurements in 1986 and 1994 indicates that water levels declined in 70 percent of the measured wells and increased in 30 percent. The change in water levels from 1986 to 1994 ranged from an increase of&nbsp;13.58 feet to a decrease of 29.25 feet. Thirty percent of all water-level changes were less than 1 foot in magnitude. In nearly 80 percent of the wells, water-level changes were within the range of plus or minus 5 feet. Among the wells for which two or more historical measurements were available, the 1994 water levels in 54 percent were outside the range of water-levels observed in previous studies (only 24 percent were greater than 1 foot outside of the previously-observed range). Water-level declines of greater than 10 feet were primarily in the Cuyahoga Group and Berea Sandstone.</p><p>Some factors considered in the analysis of the differences in water levels in 1986 and 1994 were changes in water use, population, and the amount of available recharge. Water level differences could not be correlated to population changes between the 1980 and 1990 censuses. A decrease in the available recharge from 1986 to 1994 may be part of the cause for the decrease in water levels observed in two-thirds of the wells in and adjacent to Geauga County. Effects of withdrawal rates due to population increase on water levels, if present, are overshadowed by the effects of annual variations in precipitation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Geauga County Planning Commission","usgsCitation":"Jagucki, M.L., and Lesney, L.L., 1995, Ground-water levels and directions of flow in Geauga County, Ohio, September 1994, and changes in ground-water levels, 1986-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4194, Report: iv, 28 p.; 5 Plates: 26.71 x 24.96 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954194.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; 5 Plates: 26.71 x 24.96 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358170,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358171,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358172,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358173,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":358174,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56697,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","county":"Geauga County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              41.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              41.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -81,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5,\n              41.25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667485","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagucki, Martha L. 0000-0003-3798-8393 mjagucki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-8393","contributorId":1794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"Martha","email":"mjagucki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lesney, Lori L.","contributorId":208502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesney","given":"Lori","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29332,"text":"wri954131 - 1995 - Ground-water-level monitoring, basin boundaries, and potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T21:46:40.930288","indexId":"wri954131","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4131","title":"Ground-water-level monitoring, basin boundaries, and potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1992","docAbstract":"A ground-water-level monitoring program was implemented at Edwards Air Force Base, California, from January through December 1992 to monitor spatial and temporal changes in poten-tiometric surfaces that largely are affected by ground-water pumping. Potentiometric-surface maps are needed to determine the correlation between declining ground- water levels and the distribution of land subsidence. The monitoring program focused on areas of the base where pumping has occurred, especially near Rogers Lake, and involved three phases of data collection: (1) well canvassing and selection, (2) geodetic surveys, and (3) monthly ground-water-level measurements. Construction and historical water- level data were compiled for 118 wells and pi-ezometers on or near the base, and monthly ground-water-level measurements were made in 82 wells and piezometers on the base. The compiled water-level data were used in conjunction with previously collected geologic data to identify three types of no-flow boundaries in the aquifer system: structural boundaries, a principal-aquifer boundary, and ground-water divides. Heads were computed from ground-water-level measurements and land-surface altitudes and then were used to map seasonal potentiometric surfaces for the principal and deep aquifers underlying the base. Pumping has created a regional depression in the potentiometric surface of the deep aquifer in the South Track, South Base, and Branch Park well-field area. A 15-foot decline in the potentiometric surface from April to September 1992 and 20- to 30-foot drawdowns in the three production wells in the South Track well field caused locally unconfined conditions in the deep aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954131","usgsCitation":"Rewis, D., 1995, Ground-water-level monitoring, basin boundaries, and potentiometric surfaces of the aquifer system at Edwards Air Force Base, California, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4131, v, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954131.","productDescription":"v, 61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58169,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4131/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415608,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48232.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4131/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.18233544711427,\n              35.05150645528127\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18233544711427,\n              34.74386535391561\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.49237094494548,\n              34.74386535391561\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.49237094494548,\n              35.05150645528127\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.18233544711427,\n              35.05150645528127\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rewis, D. L.","contributorId":81514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rewis","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":64521,"text":"i2520 - 1995 - Map showing fault activity in the Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:53","indexId":"i2520","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2520","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Map showing fault activity in the Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i2520","usgsCitation":"Simonds, F., Whitney, J., Fox, K., Ramelli, A., Yount, J.C., Carl, M., Menges, C., Dickerson, R., and Scott, R.B., 1995, Map showing fault activity in the Yucca Mountain area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2520, 1 map :col. ;99 x 78 cm., on sheet 105 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2520.","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;99 x 78 cm., on sheet 105 x 137 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":255006,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2520/report.pdf","size":"29","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":255007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2520/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255005,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2520/plate-1.pdf","size":"18749","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.58333333333333,36.700833333333335 ], [ -116.58333333333333,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.36749999999999,36.916666666666664 ], [ -116.36749999999999,36.700833333333335 ], [ -116.58333333333333,36.700833333333335 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d3c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simonds, F. W.","contributorId":54616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonds","given":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, J.W.","contributorId":27437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, K.F.","contributorId":15641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ramelli, A. R.","contributorId":100564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramelli","given":"A. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yount, J. C.","contributorId":69553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yount","given":"J.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carl, M.D.","contributorId":62883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carl","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Menges, C.M.","contributorId":71200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menges","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Scott, R. B.","contributorId":13638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":26803,"text":"wri954088 - 1995 - Radon-222 concentrations in ground water and soil gas on Indian reservations in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T11:52:02","indexId":"wri954088","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4088","title":"Radon-222 concentrations in ground water and soil gas on Indian reservations in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>The weighted average radon-222 concentration of indoor air in homes located on Wisconsin Indian Reservations is 5.8 picocuries per liter, which exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency action limit of 4 picocuries per liter. Ground water is the principle source of drinking water on Wisconsin Indian Reservations and generally accounts for about 5 percent of the total indoor air radon-222 concentrations found in homes. To determine the distribution of radon-222, ground water from 29 private and community Wisconsin Indian Reservation wells and soil gas at a depth of about 3 feet below land surface adjacent to the wells were sampled. Sites with wells were distributed among the 11 Wisconsin Indian Reservations so that each Reservation contained at least 2 sites. The remaining seven sites were divided among the Reservation by acreage held by each tribe.</p>\n<p>Ground-water samples were collected using a syringe technique after the wells had been purged sufficiently to reach chemical stability. Samples were then sent by overnight mail to the U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Lab for analysis by liquid scintillation counting. Soil gas was collected in Lucas cells, using a small-diameter soil probe and peristaltic pump. The cells were then analyzed by Lucas cell alpha scintillation counting with a portable radon detector.</p>\n<p>The highest radon-222 concentrations in ground water and soil gas are from sites with wells finished in the crystalline bedrock aquifer. Radon-222 concentrations in 29 ground-water samples collected from the sand and gravel and sedimentary and crystalline bedrock aquifers range from 260 to 22,000 picocuries per liter with a median concentration of 560 picocuries per liter. Only 2 of the 29 ground-water samples have radon-222 concentrations less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed standard of 300 picocuries per liter. The highest radon-222 concentrations were found in ground water from wells in Shawano, Menominee, Forest, and Marathon counties. Radon-222 concentrations in soil gas range from 130 to 7,810 picocuries per liter with a median concentration of 560 picocuries per liter.</p>\n<p>For sites with wells finished in the sand and gravel aquifer, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the regression of concentration of radon-222 in ground water as a function of well depth is 0.003 and the significance level is 0.32, which indicates that there is not a statistically significant relation between radon-222 concentrations in ground water and well depth. The coefficient of determination of the regression of radon-222 in ground water and soil gas is 0.19 and the root mean square error of the regression line is 271 picocuries per liter. Even though the significance level (0.036) indicates a statistical relation, the root mean square error of the regression is so large that the regression equation would not give reliable predictions. Because of an inadequate number of samples, similar statistical analyses could not be performed for sites with wells finished in the crystalline and sedimentary bedrock aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"DeWild, J.F., and Krohelski, J.T., 1995, Radon-222 concentrations in ground water and soil gas on Indian reservations in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4088, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954088.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4088/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55690,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Bad River Reservation, Lac Courte Orielle Reservation, Lac du Flambeau Resevation, Menominee Reservation, Mole Lake Reservation, Potowatomi Reservation,  Red Cliff Reservation, Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.60400390625,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.7578125,\n              44.809121700077355\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              44.55916341529184\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.978515625,\n              44.87144275016589\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.890625,\n              45.44471679159555\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.86865234374999,\n              45.84410779560204\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.30810546875,\n              46.01222384063238\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.07714843749999,\n              46.2102496001872\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.10986328125,\n              46.55886030311719\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.32958984375,\n              46.76996843356982\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              47.040182144806664\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.60400390625,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeWild, John F. 0000-0003-4097-2798 jfdewild@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-2798","contributorId":2525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWild","given":"John","email":"jfdewild@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohelski, James T.","contributorId":52223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":197032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18475,"text":"ofr9389 - 1995 - Ground-water altitudes and well data, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T21:32:50.849295","indexId":"ofr9389","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-89","title":"Ground-water altitudes and well data, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9389","usgsCitation":"Ciesnik, M.S., 1995, Ground-water altitudes and well data, Nye County, Nevada, and Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-89, Report: iii, 27 p.; 2 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,{"id":26635,"text":"wri944106 - 1995 - Hydrogeology of southwestern Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in the vicinity of the Kettle Moraine Springs fish hatchery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T12:05:57","indexId":"wri944106","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4106","title":"Hydrogeology of southwestern Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in the vicinity of the Kettle Moraine Springs fish hatchery","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the hydrogeology of the dolomite aquifer of Silurian age and its relation to springs in a study area in southwestern Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. The study was conducted at the Kettle Moraine Springs fish hatchery in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.</p>\n<p>The dolomite aquifer is overlain by more than 60 feet of glacial deposits. Fine-grained glacial deposits confine the dolomite aquifer in the lowland at the hatchery. Thicker, coarse-grained glacial deposits overlie the dolomite aquifer on the hills surrounding the hatchery. The coarse-grained deposits are in good hydraulic connection with the aquifer.</p>\n<p>The transmissivity and storage coefficient of the dolomite aquifer are 1,220 feet squared per day and 0.0007, respectively. Pumping from the aquifer results in drawdown in wells open to the aquifer and the effects of this pumping will decrease the greater the distance between wells. The amount of drawdown caused by pumping was estimated by means of distance-drawdown curves.</p>\n<p>Five springs and two wells open to the dolomite aquifer supply water to the hatchery. Groundwater withdrawals from fish hatchery wells affect the water level in an observation well near the springs and probably decrease the flow from the springs to the hatchery. Additional pumping from the aquifer probably will further decrease flow from the springs.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Conlon, T., 1995, Hydrogeology of southwestern Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, in the vicinity of the Kettle Moraine Springs fish hatchery: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4106, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944106.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55508,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120869,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4106/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Sheboygan County","otherGeospatial":"Kettle Moraine Springs Fish Hatchery","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.0416,43.892],[-87.9223,43.892],[-87.862,43.8913],[-87.8017,43.8919],[-87.7318,43.8928],[-87.7352,43.886],[-87.7373,43.8792],[-87.738,43.8733],[-87.7363,43.866],[-87.7327,43.8582],[-87.731,43.8522],[-87.7299,43.8449],[-87.7309,43.8317],[-87.7284,43.8057],[-87.7242,43.7975],[-87.718,43.791],[-87.7175,43.7846],[-87.7107,43.7773],[-87.7072,43.769],[-87.7047,43.7658],[-87.6978,43.763],[-87.6972,43.7607],[-87.7004,43.7594],[-87.7056,43.7558],[-87.7046,43.7462],[-87.7092,43.7381],[-87.71,43.7313],[-87.7039,43.7007],[-87.7055,43.687],[-87.707,43.6798],[-87.7116,43.6703],[-87.7143,43.6653],[-87.7209,43.6567],[-87.7288,43.6445],[-87.7412,43.6292],[-87.7523,43.6143],[-87.7561,43.6121],[-87.762,43.6045],[-87.7718,43.5918],[-87.7758,43.5864],[-87.7797,43.581],[-87.7856,43.5738],[-87.7908,43.5671],[-87.793,43.5534],[-87.7933,43.5434],[-87.8009,43.543],[-87.9215,43.5436],[-88.0402,43.5423],[-88.1608,43.5431],[-88.1601,43.6132],[-88.1597,43.6305],[-88.1599,43.7197],[-88.1608,43.8044],[-88.1622,43.8914],[-88.0416,43.892]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Sheboygan\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db615bc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conlon, T.D. 0000-0002-5899-7187","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":97947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"T.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44890,"text":"wri954134 - 1995 - Development of a 14-digit hydrologic coding scheme and boundary data set for New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-27T14:34:50","indexId":"wri954134","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4134","title":"Development of a 14-digit hydrologic coding scheme and boundary data set for New Jersey","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954134","usgsCitation":"Ellis, W.H., and Price, C.V., 1995, Development of a 14-digit hydrologic coding scheme and boundary data set for New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4134, 1 map : col. ; 113 x 67 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954134.","productDescription":"1 map : col. ; 113 x 67 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268448,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4134/plate-1.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667151","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, William H. wellis@usgs.gov","contributorId":179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"William","email":"wellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26235,"text":"wri954056 - 1995 - Precipitation depth-duration and frequency characteristics for Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:24","indexId":"wri954056","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4056","title":"Precipitation depth-duration and frequency characteristics for Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"Methods to evaluate changes in the volume of storm runoff from drainage basins that are likely to be urbanized are needed by land-use planning agencies to establish criteria for the design of flood-control systems. To document the changes in runoff volume of basins that may be urbanized, nine small basins that are considered representative of varying hydrologic conditions in Antelope Valley, California, were selected for detailed study. Precipitation and stream-gaging stations were established and data were collected for the period 1990-93. The data collected at these U.S. Geological Survey stations were supplemented by data collected at 35 Long-term precipitation stations operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works. These data will be used to calibrate and verify rainfall-runoff models for the nine basins. Results of the model runs will then be used as a guide for estimating basin runoff characteristics throughout Antelope Valley.  Annual precipitation in Antelope Valley ranges from more than 20 inches in the mountains to less than 4 inches on the valley floor. Most precipitation in the valley falls during the months of December through March, but cyclonic storms in the fall and convectional storms in the summer sometimes occur. The duration of most storms ranges from 1 to 8 days, but most of the precipitation usually occurs within the first 2 days. Many parts of the valley have been affected by storms with precipitation depths that equal or exceed 0.60 inch per hour. The storms of January 1943 and March 1983 were the most intense storms of record, with recurrence intervals greater than 100 years in some parts of the valley.  Depth-duration ratios were calculated by disaggregating daily total precipitation data for intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, and 18 hours for storms that occurred during 1990-93. The hourly total precipitation data were then disaggregated at 5-minute intervals. A comparison of the depth-duration data collected during 1990-93 at the Geological Survey stations with the data collected at the other stations indicated that the 1990-93 data are not representative of historical storms. Therefore, depth-duration ratios developed using these data should be considered preliminary for use in disaggregating the historical hourly data for Antelope Valley.  Annual maximum 24-hour precipitation records were used to calculate precipitation depth-frequency relations for 23 stations in the valley using the log Pearson type III distribution. These calculations indicate that the storms of January 1943 and March 1983 were the most intense of record in the valley with recurrence intervals greater than 100 years.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Report Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954056","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., 1995, Precipitation depth-duration and frequency characteristics for Antelope Valley, Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4056, iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954056.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55035,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680be9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23889,"text":"ofr95392 - 1995 - United States Geological Survey activities in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-16T15:14:41","indexId":"ofr95392","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-392","title":"United States Geological Survey activities in Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/ofr95392","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Middlemis-Brown, R.G., 1995, United States Geological Survey activities in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-392, 14 p.: col. ill., col. map; 28 cm., 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,{"id":68000,"text":"ha733 - 1995 - Hydrologic aspects of Hurricane Hugo in South Carolina, September 1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T13:40:36","indexId":"ha733","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"733","title":"Hydrologic aspects of Hurricane Hugo in South Carolina, September 1989","docAbstract":"<p>Hurricane Hugo, with winds in excess of 135 miles per hour(mi/h), made landfall near Charleston, S.C., early on the morning of September 22, 1989. It was the most destructive hurricane ever experienced in South Carolina. The storm caused 35 deaths and $7 billion in property damage in South Carolina (Purvis, 1990).<br />This report documents some hydrologic effects of Hurricane Hugo along the South Carolina coast. The report includes maps showing storm-tide stage and profiles of the maximum storm-tide stages along the outer coast. Storm-tide stage frequency information is presented and changes in beach morphology and water quality of coastal streams resulting from the storm are described.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ha733","usgsCitation":"Schuck-Kolben, R.E., and Cherry, R., 1995, Hydrologic aspects of Hurricane Hugo in South Carolina, September 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 733, 5 maps on 3 sheets ;56 x 56 cm. or smaller, sheets 84 x 107 cm. or smaller, folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ha733.","productDescription":"5 maps on 3 sheets ;56 x 56 cm. or smaller, sheets 84 x 107 cm. or smaller, folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/733/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":265409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/733/plate-3.pdf"},{"id":265406,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/733/report.pdf"},{"id":185791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/733/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":265407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/733/plate-1.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.71307373046874,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.71307373046874,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7103271484375,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.7103271484375,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.71307373046874,\n              35.67068501330236\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.86692810058592,\n              32.02670629333614\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.29495239257812,\n              32.43561304116276\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7332763671875,\n              32.68099643258195\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.5025634765625,\n              32.91648534731439\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0850830078125,\n              33.14675022877648\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.0191650390625,\n              33.458942753687644\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.90380859375,\n              33.59174327144985\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.760986328125,\n              33.67406853374198\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.651123046875,\n              33.7243396617476\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5577392578125,\n              33.770015152780125\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.44238281249999,\n              33.80653802509606\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.7554931640625,\n              34.06176136129718\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.8653564453125,\n              34.15727269301868\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.21643066406251,\n              32.24532861404601\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.1395263671875,\n              32.16166284018013\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.0955810546875,\n              32.09653629470277\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.05712890625,\n              32.045332838858506\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9637451171875,\n              31.99875937194732\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.86692810058592,\n              32.02670629333614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6116c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schuck-Kolben, R. 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,{"id":26512,"text":"wri944024 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T19:41:50.265973","indexId":"wri944024","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4024","title":"Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92","docAbstract":"<p>An analysis of historical pesticide data (1972-92) for the White River was conducted as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Data on the presence of pesticides in streams, bottom sediments, fish, and ground waters were examined. Results are interpreted with respect to spatial, seasonal, and streamflow effects. Concentrations of water-soluble pesticides reach a peak during the first storm following application and remain elevated for 1 to 2 months. The most herbicide loading to the White River occurs during this time, when about 1 percent of the applied herbicides are transported out of the White River Basin. Bottom sediments and fish were analyzed for lipophilic pesticides. Dieldrin, components of technical chlordane, and DDT-related compounds were the most frequently detected. In areas where pesticide concentrations in sediment were high, concentrations in fish were high, indicating that bottom sediments are probably the primary source of lipophilic pesticides in aquatic biota. Ground- water/surface-water interaction and the presence of pesticides in ground waters were examined. The bedrock karst region had the highest degree of ground-water/surface-water interaction, indicating that the shallow ground water is susceptible to contamination from surface sources. Atrazine was the most frequently detected pesticides in ground waters. All wells where pesticides were detected are in karst or alluvial outwash, indicating that these geomorphic units are highly susceptible to contamination.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri944024","usgsCitation":"Carter, D.S., Lydy, M.J., and Crawford, C.G., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the White River Basin, Indiana: Analysis of available information on pesticides, 1972-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4024, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944024.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396381,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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,{"id":25835,"text":"wri954042 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Analysis of information on nutrients, suspended sediment, and suspended solids, 1970-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T22:42:45.508172","indexId":"wri954042","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4042","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Analysis of information on nutrients, suspended sediment, and suspended solids, 1970-92","docAbstract":"Water-quality data collected during water years 1970-90 (October 1 to September 30) for 83 surface-water sites and during 1970-92 for 395 ground-water sites in the 48,000 square mile Ozark Plateaus study unit of the National Water Quality Assessment Program were analyzed using selected descriptive and statistical methods. The water- quality data include nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended sediment, and suspended- solids data, and ancillary information such as fertilizer use, animal waste, sewage treatment plant, and land use. Statistically significant differences exist in surface-water quality that can be attributed to physiography, land use, and other effects. The sites that were considered to be substantially affected by sewage treatment plants had the largest concentrations of nutrients. Nutrient concentrations generally were larger at sites associated with agricultural basins than at sites associated with forested basins. Statistically significant differences existed in the quality of ground water that can be attributed to hydrogeologic and land-use effects. Nutrient concentrations generally were largest where the water source is indicated to be shallow in origin and where parts of the hydrogeologic units are in agricultural land-use areas. Water quality has changed at several surface-water sites since 1970. Nutrient concentrations appear to have increased at some sites and decreased at other sites. Causes of these apparent trends are not known, but many of the sites with apparent trends are in agricultural areas. Surface-water loads of nutrients and suspended sediment were affected by several factors including streamflow, climate, drainage area, reservoir operation, and inputs from point and nonpoint sources. Annual loads were largest in large basins, with large inputs of nutrients or sediment during periods of high streamflows at locations where reservoir operation effects are not substantial.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954042","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Petersen, J., Adamski, J.C., and Freiwald, D.A., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Ozark Plateaus study unit, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma: Analysis of information on nutrients, suspended sediment, and suspended solids, 1970-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4042, viii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954042.","productDescription":"viii, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri95-4042/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410517,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48155.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozark Plateaus study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.4167,\n              38.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.4167,\n              35.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1333,\n              35.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.1333,\n              38.5167\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.4167,\n              38.5167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67add2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, James C. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James C.","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adamski, James C.","contributorId":20316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adamski","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freiwald, David A. freiwald@usgs.gov","contributorId":226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freiwald","given":"David","email":"freiwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":195272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":25941,"text":"wri954216 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin– Volatile organic compounds in surface and ground water, 1978-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-03T20:48:25.061877","indexId":"wri954216","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4216","title":"Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin– Volatile organic compounds in surface and ground water, 1978-94","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey compiled and summarized analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in surface and ground water from water-quality data bases maintained by-Federal, State, and local agencies as part of a retrospective analysis of water-quality data for the Upper Mississippi River Basin study unit of the National WaterQuality Assessment Program. The retrospective analysis focused on a study area that encompasses 19,500 mi<sup>2</sup> of the eastern portion of the study unit. Major river basins in the study area include the part of the Upper Mississippi River drainage from Lake Pepin upstream to sampling stations on the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers where long-term water-quality data are available and the entire drainage basin of the St. Croix River. The Twin Cities metropolitan area, with a population of 2.4 million people, is located in the south-central part of the study area. Water-quality data collected in the study area from 1978 through 1994 by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Minnesota Department of Health, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, and the city of Minneapolis were included in the retrospective analysis.</p>\n<p>In this report, assessment of the presence and distribution of VOC's in surface and ground water in the study area is restricted to two groups of VOC's: target VOC's, and trihalomethane compounds (THM's). Target VOC's, the most commonly detected non-trihalomethane VOC's in surface and ground water in the study area, include 1,1- dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, meta+para-xylene, and ortho-xylene. Trihalomethane compounds described in this report include chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane, bromoform, and fluorodichloromethane.</p>\n<p>Examination of water-quality data from widely distributed sampling networks of river sites and wells in the study area led to the following conclusions: 1) trace amounts of chlorinated VOC's were detected sporadically in waters of the Mississippi, Minnesota, St. Croix, and Vermillion Rivers; 2) benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and meta+paraxylene were detected sporadically in waters sampled from the chain of lakes used as the municipal supply for St. Paul, Minnesota; 3) the target VOC's were detected in less than five percent of ground-water samples at relatively low concentrations, generally near detection limits which ranged from 1 to 5 micrograms per liter; 4) VOC's were generally detected at similar frequencies, but at higher concentrations, in water samples from wells completed in sand and gravel aquifers than in water samples from wells completed in bedrock aquifers; 5) VOC's were most commonly detected in ground water in the vicinity of identifiable emission sites of VOC's, such as landfills, dumps, or major industries; 6) trichloroethene, a commonly used degreasing agent in dry cleaning, metal cleaning and cleaning septic lines, was the most frequently detected target VOC in ground water sampled from wells completed in both sand and gravel and bedrock aquifers; 7) wells producing water with detectable concentrations of the target VOC's tended to be shallower than wells producing water with no detectable concentrations of those compounds, but the differences in well depths were not statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level; and 8) chlorination of water substantially increased the frequency of detection of trihalomethane compounds. The low frequencies of detection of the target VOC's and THM's in surface and ground water sampled from widely distributed sampling networks in the study area indicate that, although there are thousands of sites which can potentially emit these compounds to water, soil, and the atmosphere, these compounds have not had a widespread measurable effect on the quality of surface and ground water in the study area.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri954216","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W., Fallon, J.D., and Kroening, S., 1995, Water-quality assessment of part of the Upper Mississippi River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin– Volatile organic compounds in surface and ground water, 1978-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4216, vii, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954216.","productDescription":"vii, 39 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J. 0000-0003-4780-8835","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":56261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, J. D.","contributorId":57478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fallon","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kroening, S. E.","contributorId":31793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29873,"text":"wri944132 - 1995 - Estimated discharge and chemical-constituent loading from the upper Floridan aquifer to the lower St. Johns River, northeastern Florida, 1990-91","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-07T19:54:58.866875","indexId":"wri944132","displayToPublicDate":"1996-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4132","title":"Estimated discharge and chemical-constituent loading from the upper Floridan aquifer to the lower St. Johns River, northeastern Florida, 1990-91","docAbstract":"The lower St. Johns River, a 101-mile long segment of the St. Johns River, begins at the confluence of the Ocklawaha River and ends where the river discharges into the Atlantic Ocean at Mayport. The St. Johns River is affected by tides as far upstream as Lake George, 106 miles from the mouth. Saltwater from the ocean advances inland during each incoming tide and recedes during each outgoing tide. The chemical quality of the lower St. Johns River is highly variable primarily because of the inflow of saltwater from the ocean, and in some areas, from the discharge of mineralized ground water. \r\n\r\nThree hydrogeologic units are present in the study area: the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate confining unit, and the Floridan aquifer system. The surficial aquifer system overlies the intermediate confining unit and consists of deposits containing sand, clay, shell, and some limestone and dolomite. The intermediate confining unit underlies all of the study area and retards the vertical movement of water between the surficial aquifer system and the Floridan aquifer system. The intermediate confining unit consists of beds of relatively low permeability sediments that vary in thickness and areal extent and can be breached by sinkholes, fractures, and other openings. The Floridan aquifer system primarily consists of limestone and dolomite. \r\n\r\nThe quality of water in the Upper Floridan aquifer varies throughout the study area. Dissolved solids in water range from about 100 to more than 5,000 milligrams per liter. Chloride and sulfate concentrations in water from the Upper Floridan aquifer range from about 4 to 3,700 milligrams per liter and from 1 to 1,300 milligrams per liter, respectively. \r\n\r\nThe rate of leakage through the intermediate confining unit is controlled by the leakance coefficient of the intermediate confining unit and by the head difference between the Upper Floridan aquifer and the surficial aquifer system. The total ground-water discharge from the Upper Floridan aquifer to the St. Johns River within the lower St. Johns River drainage basin, based on the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in September 1990, was estimated to be 86 cubic feet per second. Total estimated ground-water discharge to the lower St. Johns River in September 1991, when heads in the Upper Floridan aquifer averaged about 4 feet higher than in 1990, was 133 cubic feet per second. \r\n\r\nThe load of dissolved-solids that discharged from the Upper Floridan aquifer into the lower St. Johns River on the basis of September 1990 heads is estimated to be 47,000 tons per year. Estimated chloride and sulfate loads are 18,000 and 9,500 tons per year, respectively. Dissolved-solids, chloride, and sulfate loads discharging into the lower St. Johns River are estimated to be 81,000, 39,000, and 15,000 tons per year, respectively, on the basis of September 1991 heads.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944132","usgsCitation":"Spechler, R., 1995, Estimated discharge and chemical-constituent loading from the upper Floridan aquifer to the lower St. Johns River, northeastern Florida, 1990-91: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4132, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944132.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_94_4132.jpg"},{"id":2395,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri944132","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":394050,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48017.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"lower St. Johns River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.0833,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0833,\n              30.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.0833,\n              29            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aad5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spechler, R. 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,{"id":30054,"text":"wri954270 - 1995 - Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri954270","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4270","title":"Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994","docAbstract":"Controlled artificial recharge of surface runoff is being considered as a water-management technique to address the problem of ground-water overdraft. The planned use of recharge facilities in urban areas has caused concern about the quality of urban runoff to be recharged and the potential for ground-water contamination. The proposed recharge facility in Rillito Creek will utilize runoff entering a 1-mile reach of the Rillito Creek between Craycroft Road and Swan Road for infiltration and recharge purposes within the channel and excavated overbank areas.  Physical and chemical data were collected from two surface-water and two ground-water sites in the study area in 1994. Analyses of surface-water samples were done to determine the occurrence and concentration of potential contaminants and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected during 1987-93. Analyses of ground-water samples were done to determine the variability of ground-water quality at the monitoring wells throughout the year and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected in 1989 and 1993. Surface-water samples were collected from Tanque Verde Creek at Sabino Canyon Road (streamflow-gaging station Tanque Verde Creek at Tucson, 09484500) and from Alamo Wash at Fort Lowell Road in September and May 1994, respectively. Ground-water samples were collected from monitoring wells (D- 13-14)26cbb2 and (D-13-14)26dcb2 in January, May, July, and October 1994.  In surface water, calcium was the dominant cation, and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. In ground water, calcium and sodium were the dominant cations and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. Surface water in the area is soft, and ground water is moderately hard to hard. In surface water and ground water, nitrogen was found predominantly as nitrate. Concentrations of manganese in ground-water samples ranged from 60 to 230 micrograms per liter and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 50 micrograms per liter. None of the constituents in surface-water and ground-water samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water or State of Arizona aquifer water-quality standards. Concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water from the monitoring wells did not vary significantly throughout the year and were not significantly different from concentrations in samples collected in March 1989 and January and September 1993.  Priority pollutants were not found in surface-water samples or ground-water samples, and organochlorine pesticides were not found in ground-water samples. Dieldrin and biphenyl polychlor were the only pesticides found in surface water and were at the minimum reporting levels in one sample from Alamo Wash.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954270","usgsCitation":"Tadayon, S., 1995, Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4270, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954270.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4270/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadayon, Saeid stadayon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tadayon","given":"Saeid","email":"stadayon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":44766,"text":"wri934097 - 1995 - Estimated withdrawals and use of freshwater in Vermont, 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T20:22:31.514816","indexId":"wri934097","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4097","title":"Estimated withdrawals and use of freshwater in Vermont, 1990","docAbstract":"Estimated freshwater withdrawals during 1990 in Vermont totaled about 632 million gallons per day. The largest withdrawals were for thermoelectric- power generation (82 percent), industrial use (7 percent), and public supply (6 percent). Most withdrawals, 587 million gallons per day, were made from surface-water sources as compared to 44.9 million gallons per day from ground-water sources. The largest withdrawals were in the Upper Connecticut-Mascomo River Basin (525 million gallons per day). About 17,700 million gallons per day were used instream for hydroelectric-poser generation, the largest of which were in the Upper Connecticut-Mascoma and Otter River Basins. Other information describing water-use patters is shown in tables, bar graphs, pie charts, maps, and accompanying text. The data are aggregated by river basin (hydrologic cataloging unit), and all amounts are reports in million gallons per day.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934097","usgsCitation":"Horn, M., and Medalie, L., 1995, Estimated withdrawals and use of freshwater in Vermont, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4097, 1 Plate: 39.25 x 32.75 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934097.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.25 x 32.75 inches","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":110264,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47814.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"47814"},{"id":82073,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4097/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171512,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":23397,"text":"ofr9331 - 1995 - Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T21:53:55.279691","indexId":"ofr9331","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-31","title":"Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988","docAbstract":"<p>Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the bottom sediment and water column of Little Lake Butte des Morts were studied by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey. The lake is a 8-kilometer-long impoundment of the Fox River between Lake Winnebago and Appleton, Wisconsin. Discharge of PCB's into the lake by paper mills and waste-treatment plants has resulted in their accumulation in the bottom sediment. The accumulation of PCB's in the sediment was estimated to be 1,100 kilograms in October 1987. The concentrations of PCB's in bottom-sediment core samples were as much as 190 micrograms per gram dry sediment. The congener distribution of the PCB's present in the lake most closely resembles that for the Aroclor 1242 PCB's mixture.</p>\n<p>Thirty-two water samples were collected at the outlet of the lake to determine concentrations of PCB's. Concentrations of PCB's in the water column varied seasonally and ranged from 3.5 to 137 nanograms per liter. Concentrations of PCB's decrease in the winter and increases in the summer months. Concentrations of PCB's in the water column for particulates generally were 2.5 times that of dissolved PCB's. The suspended-solids concentrations ranged from 3 to 44 milligrams per liter.</p>\n<p>Correlation analysis was used to identify the physical characteristics and water-quality characteristics having the highest degree of association with PCB's concentration in the water column. The highest correlation coefficients (r) for dissolved PCB's concentration were with water temperature (7=0.88) and particulate organic carbon concentration (7=0.72). The highest correlation coefficients for particulate PCB's concentration were with suspended- particulates concentration (r=0.77) and water temperature (n=0.70). Correlation coefficients for total PCB's (the sum of dissolved and particulate PCB's) concentration were similar to those for particulate PCB's concentration.</p>\n<p>The mass of PCB's transported from the lake in streamflow during 1987-88 was calculated to be 110 kilograms annually. The PCB's transport rate decreased 50 percent from 1987 to 1988, for the period April through September. Transport of PCB's was greatest during April and May of each year. The average flux rate of PCB's into the water column from the bottom sediment in the lake was estimated to be 1.2 milligrams per square meter per day. The PCB's load seems to increase at river discharges greater than 212 cubic meters per second. This increase in PCB's load might be caused by resuspension of PCB's-contaminated bottom-sediment deposits. There was little variation in PCB's load at flows less than 170 cubic meters per second. The bottom sediments are a continuing source of PCB's to Little Lake Butte des Morts and the lower Fox River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9331","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1995, Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-31, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9331.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416884,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12600.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52701,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River, Little Lake Butte des Morts","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.43718825432752,\n              44.24535816122051\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.48239225311316,\n              44.24535816122051\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.48239225311316,\n              44.18258406023182\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.43718825432752,\n              44.18258406023182\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.43718825432752,\n              44.24535816122051\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. 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,{"id":17101,"text":"ofr94707W - 1995 - Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:14:32","indexId":"ofr94707W","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-707","chapter":"W","title":"Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","docAbstract":"<p>The objective of the watershed-management evaluation monitoring program in Wisconsin is to evaluate the effectiveness of the best-management practices (BMPs) for rural streams, urban streams, and urban storm sewers. This report is an annual summary of the data collected for the program and a report of the results from several different special studies conducted within this program.</p>\n<p>Suspended sediment and total phosphorus storm-load data are summarized for eight rural sites and suspended sediment, total phosphorus, total recoverable lead, total recoverable copper, total recoverable zinc, and total recoverable cadmium storm-load data are summarized for four urban sites. Dissolved-oxygen data is summarized and compared with Wisconsin's waterquality standards for summer 1993 for seven rural sites. The dissolved-oxygen concentrations declined to levels below these standards at least one time at all seven sites during summer 1993. Total-recoverable hardness concentrations were compared with dissolved-hardness concentrations at two urban streams and two urban storm sewers. Least-squared linear regressions resulted in stronger relations for low-flow conditions than for high-flow conditions, indicating that most hardness during low flow is dissolved hardness. Pesticide data are summarized for four urban sites and six rural sites. Herbicides were detected at urban and rural sites; whereas insecticides were detected only at urban sites.</p>\n<p>A land-use and best-management-practice inventory is ongoing for each evaluation monitoring project to track the different sources of nonpoint pollution in each watershed and to document implementation of best-management programs that may cause changes in water quality of streams. Updated information is gathered each year, mapped, and stored in a geographic-information-system data base.</p>\n<p>The quality-assurance/quality-control plan for the urban watershed-management evaluation program consisted of a series of blank samples. These blank samples were used to identify and isolate contamination by inorganic and organic components throughout the collection and processing of urban streamwater samples. A dissolved trace-metal contamination problem was identified and resolved by using different laboratory- supplied sample bottles.</p>\n<p>A special study was done to determine the effect of holding time on fecal coliform colony counts. A linear regression indicated that the mean decrease in colony counts over 72 hours was 8.2 percent per day. Results after 24 hours showed that colony counts increased in some samples and decreased in others.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94707W","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Walker, J.F., Graczyk, D., Greb, S., Owens, D., and Rappold, K., 1995, Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-707, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94707W.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science 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