Streambed-scour was assessed at 1,338 federal-aid bridges in southwestern Indiana during 1991. The assessments were conducted as part of a 7-year study by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) that will evaluate 5,600 bridge sites throughout the State. Measurements and observations of remnant scour made during low-flow discharges were used to record site conditions. These remnant-scour data were used to develop an observed streambed-scour index that provides a screening mechanism for ranking existing streambed scour. The observed- streambed-scour ranking values range from 10 (no observed scour) to 0 (pier[s] with pile[s] exposed). This index is based on the relative integrity of the substructure of each bridge with respect to observed scour. This observed-streambed-scour index was developed by use of qualitative criteria established with cooperative input from Indiana Department of Transportation and is intended as a screening tool to rank existing scour conditions. Numerous other factors that have not been included in this indexing scheme need to be considered when evaluations of overall bridge integrity are made.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri954264","usgsCitation":"Robinson, B., and Thompson, R., 1995, An observed-streambed-scour index for selected bridges in southwestern Indiana, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4264, iii, 9 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954264.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :map ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4264/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4264/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Jr.","contributorId":27101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28060,"text":"wri954299 - 1995 - Low-flow characteristics of selected streams in northern Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri954299","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4299","title":"Low-flow characteristics of selected streams in northern Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Low-flow characteristics were estimated for selected streams in northern Rhode Island. Streamflow was measured at 18 low-flow partial-record gaging stations on rivers and brooks including those contributing to the two largest water supplies in Rhode Island, the Scituate Reservoir and the Pawtucket Reservoir system. Relations were developed between streamflows at the partial-record stations and flows at five continuous-record gaging stations based on the maintenance of variance extension type 1 method and the logistic regression method. Based on these relations, the 7-day, 10-year low flow (7Q10), selected flow durations, and selected monthly mean daily flows for the partial-record stations were estimated. Low flows of the different streams varied considerably. The 7Q10 ranged from a high of 4.0 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) at the Chepachet River to a low 7Q10 of 0 ft3/s at Huntinghouse, Winsor, and Catamint Brooks, and Moosup Riven The 99-percent flow duration ranged from a high of 4.3 ft3/s to a low of 0 ft3/s on the same streams. The largest tributary to the Scituate Reservoir at low flow is the Ponaganset River with a 7Q10 of 0.56 ft3/s and a 99-percent flow duration of 0.64 ft3/s. The next largest tributaries at low flow are the Hemlock Brook with a 7Q10 of 0.36 ft3/s and the Peeptoad Brook with a 7Q10 of 0.29 ft3/s. The largest tributary to the Pawtucket Reservoir system at low flow was Ash Swamp Brook with a 7Q 10 of 0.31 ft3/s, the next largest tributary at low flow was Burnt Swamp Brook with a 7Q10 of only 0.006 ft3/s. The mean daily flow for August was never more than 30 percent different from the 85 percent flow-duration value.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954299","usgsCitation":"Kliever, J., 1995, Low-flow characteristics of selected streams in northern Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4299, iii, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954299.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56891,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648676","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kliever, J.D.","contributorId":22803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kliever","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28043,"text":"wri954228 - 1995 - Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T19:51:04.738972","indexId":"wri954228","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4228","title":"Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires information on the volume and quality of urban \nstorm-water runoff to apply for a permit to discharge this water into the Boise River under the National \nPollutant Discharge Elimination System Program. Concentrations of selected chemical constituents in \nstorm runoff were determined from samples collected at four storm-sewer outfalls in Boise from October \n1993 through June 1994 and at one outfall in Garden City from September through October 1994. \nSamples were analyzed for specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, water temperature, oxygen demand, fecal \nindicator bacteria, major ions, dissolved and suspended solids, nutrients, trace elements, and numerous \norganic compounds. The measurement of storm-runoff volume and mean concentrations of constituents \nwere used to estimate storm-runoff loads.\nPreviously developed U.S. Geological Survey regional regression models of runoff and 11 chemical \nconstituents were evaluated to assess their suitability for use in urban areas in Boise and Garden City. \nData collected in the study area were used to develop adjusted regional models of storm-runoff volumes \nand mean concentrations and loads of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved and suspended solids, total \nnitrogen and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen, total and dissolved phosphorus, and total \nrecoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. Explanatory variables used in these models were drainage \narea, impervious area, land-use information, and precipitation data. Mean annual runoff volume and loads \nat the five outfalls were estimated from 904 individual storms during 1976 through 1993. Two methods \nwere used to compute individual storm loads. The first method used adjusted regional models of storm \nloads and the second used adjusted regional models for mean concentration and runoff volume. For large \nstorms, the first method seemed to produce excessively high loads for some constituents and the second \nmethod provided more reliable results for all constituents except suspended solids. The first method \nprovided more reliable results for large storms for suspended solids.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Ada County Highway District, City of Boise, Idaho Transportation Department, Ada County Drainage District No.3, and Boise State University","usgsCitation":"Kjelstrom, L., 1995, Data for and adjusted regional regression models of volume and quality of urban storm-water runoff in Boise and Garden City, Idaho, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4228, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954228.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"39","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1994-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48312.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56881,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4228/report-thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"North American Datum 1983","datum":"GRS 80 Spheroid","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","county":"Ada County","city":"Boise, Garden City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -116.041667,\n 43.6667\n ],\n [\n -116.041667,\n 43.5833\n ],\n [\n -116.291667,\n 43.5833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c9a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kjelstrom, L.C.","contributorId":89104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kjelstrom","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":23310,"text":"ofr95279 - 1995 - Sampling design and procedures for fixed surface-water sites in the Georgia-Florida coastal plain study unit, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-04T12:38:59","indexId":"ofr95279","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-279","title":"Sampling design and procedures for fixed surface-water sites in the Georgia-Florida coastal plain study unit, 1993","docAbstract":"The implementation of design guidelines for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program has resulted in the development of new sampling procedures and the modification of existing procedures commonly used in the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey. The Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain (GAFL) study unit began the intensive data collection phase of the program in October 1992. This report documents the implementation of the NAWQA guidelines by describing the sampling design and procedures for collecting surface-water samples in the GAFL study unit in 1993. This documentation is provided for agencies that use water-quality data and for future study units that will be entering the intensive phase of data collection. The sampling design is intended to account for large- and small-scale spatial variations, and temporal variations in water quality for the study area. Nine fixed sites were selected in drainage basins of different sizes and different land-use characteristics located in different land-resource provinces. Each of the nine fixed sites was sampled regularly for a combination of six constituent groups composed of physical and chemical constituents: field measurements, major ions and metals, nutrients, organic carbon, pesticides, and suspended sediments. Some sites were also sampled during high-flow conditions and storm events. Discussion of the sampling procedure is divided into three phases: sample collection, sample splitting, and sample processing. A cone splitter was used to split water samples for the analysis of the sampling constituent groups except organic carbon from approximately nine liters of stream water collected at four fixed sites that were sampled intensively. An example of the sample splitting schemes designed to provide the sample volumes required for each sample constituent group is described in detail. Information about onsite sample processing has been organized into a flowchart that describes a pathway for each of the constituent groups.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCan be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95279","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Hatzell, H.H., Oaksford, E., and Asbury, C., 1995, Sampling design and procedures for fixed surface-water sites in the Georgia-Florida coastal plain study unit, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-279, vi, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95279.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":155118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1677,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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These methods, derived from frequency, flow-duration, and regression analyses, allow the user to compute estimates for the 7-day low flow with 2-year and 10-year recurrence intervals; the median flow; the mean flow; and the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50, and 100- year peak flood flows at gaged and ungaged streams. In addition, frequency techniques using the log-Pearson type III distribution were also used to compute for gaged sites the 1-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, 90-, 120-, and 183-day low flows with 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year recurrence intervals; the 1-, 7-, 15-, 30- day high flows with 2-, 5-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence intervals; and the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100- year peak flows. The regression equations and estimated streamflow characteristics are based on streamflow data collected from 1958 through 1990 at 11 continuous-record gaging stations with 9 to 32 years of record, 75 low-flow partial-record stations, and 49 miscellaneous sites.
Low-flow regression analysis using the baseflow index basin characteristic provided results with standard errors of estimate ranging from 13.3 to 43.8 percent. These standard errors are comparable to the average values at the low-flow partial-record stations. Regional analysis, using the method of residuals, divided Tutuila into two hydrologic regions which correspond to differences in geology. Peak-flow regression equations had coefficients of determination ranging from 0.60 to 0.66 and standard errors of estimate ranging from 44.0 to 47.4 percent. The large standard errors result from the large variability of flood peaks compared with drainage area. The geology of Tutuila also affects the magnitude of observed flood peaks.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Government of American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency, and American Samoa Power Authority","usgsCitation":"Wong, M.F., 1995, Analysis of streamflow characteristics for streams on the island of Tutuila, American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4185, Report: v, 168 p.; 1 Plate: 20.99 x 16.95 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954185.","productDescription":"Report: v, 168 p.; 1 Plate: 20.99 x 16.95 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F.","contributorId":43815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31918,"text":"ofr95615A - 1995 - Analytical results, sample locations, and other information for stream-sediment, soil, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples used in mineral resource studies of Coronado National Forest and adjacent areas, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr95615A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-615","chapter":"A","title":"Analytical results, sample locations, and other information for stream-sediment, soil, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples used in mineral resource studies of Coronado National Forest and adjacent areas, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95615A","usgsCitation":"Nowlan, G., and Chaffee, M., 1995, Analytical results, sample locations, and other information for stream-sediment, soil, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples used in mineral resource studies of Coronado National Forest and adjacent areas, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-615, 10 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95615A.","productDescription":"10 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0615a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60084,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0615a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowlan, G.A.","contributorId":99131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26551,"text":"wri954262 - 1995 - Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of jet fuel contamination in a shallow aquifer, Beaufort, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T12:48:20","indexId":"wri954262","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4262","title":"Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of jet fuel contamination in a shallow aquifer, Beaufort, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Field and laboratory studies show that microorganisms indigenous to the ground-water system underlying Tank Farm C, Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, S.C., degrade petroleum hydrocarbons under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, sediments from the shallow aquifer underlying the site mineralized radiolabeled (14C) toluene to 14CO2 with first-order rate constants of about -0.29 per day. Sediments incubated under anaerobic conditions mineralized radiolabeled toluene more slowly, with first-order rate constants of -0.001 per day. Although anaerobic rates of biodegradation are low, they are significant in the hydrologic and geochemical context of the site. Because of low hydraulic conductivities (1.9-9.1 feet per day) and low hydraulic gradients (about 0.004 feet per feet), ground water flows slowly (approximately 20 feet per year) at this site. Furthermore, aquifer sediments contain organic-rich peat that has a high sorptive capacity. Under these conditions, hydrocarbon contaminants have moved no further than 10 feet downgradient of the jet fuel free product. Digital solute-transport simulations, using the range of model parameters measured at the site, show that dissolved contaminants will be completely degraded before they are discharged from the aquifer into adjacent surface-water bodies. These results show that natural attenuation processes are containing the migration of soluble hydrocarbons, and that intrinsic bioremediation is a potentially effective remedial strategy at this site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954262","usgsCitation":"Chapelle, F., Landmeyer, J., and Bradley, P., 1995, Assessment of intrinsic bioremediation of jet fuel contamination in a shallow aquifer, Beaufort, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4262, vi, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954262.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55418,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4262/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126665,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4262/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Beaufort","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.980224609375,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -80.5462646484375,\n 32.287132632616384\n ],\n [\n -80.5462646484375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -80.980224609375,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -80.980224609375,\n 32.287132632616384\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapelle, Frank","contributorId":96236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Frank","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, J. E.","contributorId":91140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23397,"text":"ofr9331 - 1995 - Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T21:53:55.279691","indexId":"ofr9331","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-31","title":"Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988","docAbstract":"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the bottom sediment and water column of Little Lake Butte des Morts were studied by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey. The lake is a 8-kilometer-long impoundment of the Fox River between Lake Winnebago and Appleton, Wisconsin. Discharge of PCB's into the lake by paper mills and waste-treatment plants has resulted in their accumulation in the bottom sediment. The accumulation of PCB's in the sediment was estimated to be 1,100 kilograms in October 1987. The concentrations of PCB's in bottom-sediment core samples were as much as 190 micrograms per gram dry sediment. The congener distribution of the PCB's present in the lake most closely resembles that for the Aroclor 1242 PCB's mixture.
\nThirty-two water samples were collected at the outlet of the lake to determine concentrations of PCB's. Concentrations of PCB's in the water column varied seasonally and ranged from 3.5 to 137 nanograms per liter. Concentrations of PCB's decrease in the winter and increases in the summer months. Concentrations of PCB's in the water column for particulates generally were 2.5 times that of dissolved PCB's. The suspended-solids concentrations ranged from 3 to 44 milligrams per liter.
\nCorrelation analysis was used to identify the physical characteristics and water-quality characteristics having the highest degree of association with PCB's concentration in the water column. The highest correlation coefficients (r) for dissolved PCB's concentration were with water temperature (7=0.88) and particulate organic carbon concentration (7=0.72). The highest correlation coefficients for particulate PCB's concentration were with suspended- particulates concentration (r=0.77) and water temperature (n=0.70). Correlation coefficients for total PCB's (the sum of dissolved and particulate PCB's) concentration were similar to those for particulate PCB's concentration.
\nThe mass of PCB's transported from the lake in streamflow during 1987-88 was calculated to be 110 kilograms annually. The PCB's transport rate decreased 50 percent from 1987 to 1988, for the period April through September. Transport of PCB's was greatest during April and May of each year. The average flux rate of PCB's into the water column from the bottom sediment in the lake was estimated to be 1.2 milligrams per square meter per day. The PCB's load seems to increase at river discharges greater than 212 cubic meters per second. This increase in PCB's load might be caused by resuspension of PCB's-contaminated bottom-sediment deposits. There was little variation in PCB's load at flows less than 170 cubic meters per second. The bottom sediments are a continuing source of PCB's to Little Lake Butte des Morts and the lower Fox River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9331","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"House, L.B., 1995, Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls in Little Lake Butte des Morts, Fox River, Wisconsin, April 1987-October 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-31, v, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9331.","productDescription":"v, 43 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":416884,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12600.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":52701,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0031/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156323,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0031/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Fox River, Little Lake Butte des Morts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.43718825432752,\n 44.24535816122051\n ],\n [\n -88.48239225311316,\n 44.24535816122051\n ],\n [\n -88.48239225311316,\n 44.18258406023182\n ],\n [\n -88.43718825432752,\n 44.18258406023182\n ],\n [\n -88.43718825432752,\n 44.24535816122051\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649465","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"House, L. B.","contributorId":49386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"House","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":21806,"text":"ofr95251 - 1995 - Geochemistry of sediments from coastal marshes of Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-10T08:56:27","indexId":"ofr95251","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-251","title":"Geochemistry of sediments from coastal marshes of Louisiana","docAbstract":"As a part of the U.S. Geological Survey Global Change and Climate History Program we have been studying the biogeochemistry of coastal marshes in Terrebonne Basin, Louisiana. Louisiana has about 40 percent of the coastal wetlands in the conterminous U.S. and it is losing wetlands at one of the highest rates in the U.S. with the conversion of about 65 km2/yr of marsh to open water (Britsch and Dunbar, 1993). The losses have been attributed to human and natural causes including saltwater intrusion through man-made canals, reduced sediment input, and regional subsidence. The net effect of these influences is to change the salinity of interior marshes in a fashion similar to a eustatic sea level rise. We are studying the cycling of carbon, sulfur, and other elements in sediments, waters, and marsh macrophytes in fresh, intermediate/brackish, and saltwater marshes in order to better understand how sea level rise, one aspect of global change, will influence and in turn be influenced by cycling of these elements. By characterizing the critical biogeochemical processes and the recent past environments in these rapidly changing marshes, we can improve predictions of future changes and interpretations of the historic geologic record in similar environments.
In this report we describe our coastal marsh study sites in Louisiana, the types of samples collected, the collection methods, the chemical analysis methods, and selected chemical analysis results. Also included are summaries of the project quality control results. The raw chemical analysis results are provided in this report without interpretation. Interpretations will be provided in subsequent reports.
Ground water is a major component of Florida's water resources, accounting for 90 percent of all public-supply and self-supplied domestic water withdrawals, and 58 percent of self-supplied commercial-industrial and agricultural withdrawals of freshwater (Marella, 1992). Ground-water is also an important source of water for streams, lakes, and wetlands in Florida. Because of their importance, a good understanding of these resources is essential for their sound development, use, and protection. One area in which our understanding is lacking is in characterizing the rate at which ground water in aquifers is recharged, and how recharge rates vary geographically. Ground-water recharge (recharge) is the replenishment of ground water by downward infiltration of water from rainfall, streams, and other sources (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1987, p. 222). The recharge rates in many areas of Florida are unknown, of insufficient accuracy, or mapped at scales that are too coarse to be useful. Improved maps of recharge rates will result in improved capabilities for managing Florida's ground-water resources.
\nIn 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, began a study to delineate high-rate recharge areas in several regions of Florida (Vecchioli and others, 1990). This study resulted in recharge maps that delineated areas of high (greater than 10 inches per year) and low (0 to 10 inches per year) recharge in three counties--Okaloosa, Pasco, and Volusia Counties--at a scale of 1:100,000. This report describes the results of a similar recharge mapping study for Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties (fig. 1), in which areas of high- and low-rates of recharge to the sand-and-gravel aquifer and Upper Floridan aquifer are delineated. The study was conducted in 1992 and 1993 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Grubbs, J.W., 1995, Ground-water recharge in Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4179, 2 Plates: 34.0 x 38.74 inches and 34.0 x 38.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944179.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 34.0 x 38.74 inches and 34.0 x 38.77 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82006,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82007,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 16","country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Escambia County;Santa Rosa County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.6349,30.2796 ], [ -87.6349,30.999 ], [ -86.7857,30.999 ], [ -86.7857,30.2796 ], [ -87.6349,30.2796 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grubbs, J. W.","contributorId":77139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubbs","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30451,"text":"wri954292 - 1995 - Verification of water-quality model to simulate effects of discharging treated wastewater during ice-cover conditions to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:43:30","indexId":"wri954292","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4292","title":"Verification of water-quality model to simulate effects of discharging treated wastewater during ice-cover conditions to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Red River at Fargo Water-Quality (RRatFGO QW) Model, which used the Enhanced Stream Water Quality Model (QUAL2E) computer program, was calibrated and verified for icefree conditions. The purpose of this study was to verify the model for ice-cover conditions using the same Red River of the North study reach that was used for ice-free conditions. The study reach begins about 0.1 mile downstream of the 12th Avenue North bridge in Fargo, North Dakota, and extends 30.8 miles downstream to a site 0.8 mile upstream of the confluence of the Buffalo River and the Red River of the North. The study reach receives treated wastewater outflow from municipal wastewater-treatment plants at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, and inflow from the Sheyenne River. For simulations conducted for ice-cover conditions, the RRatFGO QW Model will be referred to as the Red River at Fargo Ice-Cover Water-Quality (RRatFGOIC QW) Model.
Streamflow measurements were made at 10 sites during February 21-24, 1995, and water-quality samples were collected and field properties were measured at 12 sites during February 23-24, 1995. Properties and constituents analyzed for include specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrite (reported as nitrogen), total nitrite plus nitrate (reported as nitrogen), total ammonia (reported as nitrogen), total organic nitrogen (reported as nitrogen), total phosphorus (reported as phosphorus), chlorophyll a, and algal biomass.
The RRatFGOIC QW Model simulated streamflow, specific conductance, total organic nitrogen, total ammonia, total nitrite, total nitrite plus nitrate, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen. The model was considered verified for ice-cover conditions for all of the values or concentrations simulated except for the total organic nitrogen concentrations. Based on the results of this study, the QUAL2E Model computer program that was calibrated for ice-free conditions is capable of simulating water quality for both ice-free and ice-cover conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954292","usgsCitation":"Wesolowski, E.A., 1995, Verification of water-quality model to simulate effects of discharging treated wastewater during ice-cover conditions to the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4292, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954292.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59233,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160491,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4292/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ace4b07f02db5c65a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wesolowski, Edwin A.","contributorId":14014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wesolowski","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29015,"text":"wri954227 - 1995 - User's guide to PHREEQC, a computer program for speciation, reaction-path, advective-transport, and inverse geochemical calculations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-17T17:39:21.669947","indexId":"wri954227","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4227","title":"User's guide to PHREEQC, a computer program for speciation, reaction-path, advective-transport, and inverse geochemical calculations","docAbstract":"PHREEQC is a computer program written in the C programming language that is designed to perform a wide variety of aqueous geochemical calculations. PHREEQC is based on an ion-association aqueous model and has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations, (2) reaction-path and advective-transport calculations involving specified irreversible reactions, mixing of solutions, mineral and gas equilibria surface-complex-ation reactions, and ion-exchange reactions, and (3) inverse modeling, which finds sets of mineral and gas mole transfers that account for composition differences between waters, within specified compositional uncertainties.
PHREEQC is derived from the Fortran program PHREEQE, but it has been completely rewritten in C with the addition many new capabilities. New features include the capabilities to use redox couples to distribute redox elements among their valence states in speciation calculations; to model ion-exchange and surface-complex-ation reactions; to model reactions with a fixed-pressure, multicomponent gas phase (that is, a gas bubble); to calculate the mass of water in the aqueous phase during reaction and transport calculations; to keep track of the moles of minerals present in the solid phases and determine automatically the thermodynamically stable phase assemblage; to simulate advective transport in combination with PHREEQC's reaction-modeling capability; and to make inverse modeling calculations that allow for uncertainties in the analytical data. The user interface is improved through the use of a simplified approach to redox reactions, which includes explicit mole-balance equations for hydrogen and oxygen; the use of a revised input that is modular and completely free format; and the use of mineral names and standard chemical symbolism rather than index numbers. The use of (2) eliminates nearly all limitations on army sizes, including numbers of elements, aqueous species, solutions, phases, and lengths of character strings. A new equation solver that optimizes a set of equalities subject to both equality and inequality constraints is used to determine the thermodynamically stable set of phases in equilibrium with a solution. A more complete Newton-Raphson formulation, master-species switching, and scaling of the algebraic equations reduce the number of failures of the numerical method in PHREEQC relative to PHREEQE.
This report presents the equations that are the basis for chemical equilibrium and inverse-modeling calculations in PHREEQC, describes the input for the program, and presents twelve examples that demonstrate most of the program's capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri954227","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D., 1995, User's guide to PHREEQC, a computer program for speciation, reaction-path, advective-transport, and inverse geochemical calculations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4227, viii, 143 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954227.","productDescription":"viii, 143 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159501,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4227/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57880,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db603f85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, D.L.","contributorId":12474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25385,"text":"wri954285 - 1995 - Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri954285","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4285","title":"Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1993-94","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, the use and occurrence of agricultural pesticides were investigated in four drainage basins--two dominated by irrigated agriculture and two by dryland agriculture--in the Central Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington. For this study, 85 pesticides or pesticide metabolites were selected for analysis from a list of nearly 400 compounds commonly used in the United States. Pesticide-use data included estimates of the total quantity of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to croplands in each of the four drainage basins and reported times of application for selected pesticides. Pesticide-occurrence data included concentrations of pesticides in samples collected at one surface-water site at or near the outflow of each of the four drainage basins, where surface waters were sampled one to five times a month from March 1993 through May 1994. Of the 85 pesticides or pesticide metabolites targeted for analysis, a total of 45 different compounds were detected in samples from the four sites, ranging in concentration from at or near the limit of detection (as low as 0.001 microgram per liter) to a maximum of 8.1 micrograms per liter. None of the concentrations of pesticides exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water standards, but concentrations of five pesticides exceeded the USEPA freshwater-chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Forty-one different pesticides or pesticide metabolites were detected in surface waters sampled at the two sites representing irrigated agriculture drainage basins. The herbicides atrazine, DCPA, and EPTC were detected most frequently at the two sampling sites. Not all pesticides that were applied were detected, however. For example, disulfoton, phorate, and methyl parathion accounted for 15 percent of the insecticides applied in the two irrigated drainage basins, yet none of these pesticides were detected in samples from the two irrigated-agricultural sites. Concentrations of pesticides found in surface waters at the two sites representing irrigated agriculture did not exceed drinking water standards, but some concentrations of the insecticides carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and azinphos-methyl exceeded the freshwater-chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Twenty-three different pesticides or pesticide metabolites were detected in samples from the two sites representing dryland agricultural drainage basins. Herbicides were the type of pesticides most heavily applied in these drainage basins, and the herbicides atrazine, triallate, and simazine were detected most frequently in samples. Some herbicides, for example triallate in the Palouse River drainage basin, were both heavily applied and frequently detected. Others, like atrazine and simazine, were not typically applied to cropland, but were frequently detected in surface-water samples. Several insecticides (Lindane, ethoprop, carbaryl, and azinphos-methyl) were detected in samples from the two sites, although they were not reported as commonly applied to croplands in the dryland agricultural drainage basins. Concentrations of pesticides found in surface waters at the two sites did not exceed drinking water guidelines, but concentrations of the insecticides diazinon and azinphos-methyl and the herbicide triallate exceeded freshwater-chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954285","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Ebbert, J., Roberts, L., and Ryker, S., 1995, Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4285, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954285.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, L.M.","contributorId":84355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryker, S.J.","contributorId":16047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31908,"text":"ofr95220 - 1995 - The geologic framework of the Ohio area of Lake Erie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:14","indexId":"ofr95220","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-220","title":"The geologic framework of the Ohio area of Lake Erie","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95220","usgsCitation":"Fuller, J.A., Circe, R., and Oldale, R.N., 1995, The geologic framework of the Ohio area of Lake Erie: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-220, 23 p., 5 over-size sheets, scale 1:200,000 (1 inch = about 3.2 miles). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95220.","productDescription":"23 p., 5 over-size sheets, scale 1:200,000 (1 inch = about 3.2 miles). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60080,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"200000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d9e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, J. A.","contributorId":29838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Circe, R.C.","contributorId":90300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circe","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oldale, R. N.","contributorId":92680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oldale","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31936,"text":"ofr95746 - 1995 - Potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr95746","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-746","title":"Potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1994","docAbstract":"A map showing the potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco aquifer in the Patapsco Formation of Cretaceous age in southern Maryland during September 1994 was prepared from water levels measured in 56 wells. The potentiometric surface was at least 104 feet above sea level near the northwestern boundary and outcrop area of the aquifer in a topographically high area of Prince Georges County, and at least 89 feet above sea level in a similar setting in Anne Arundel County. From these high areas, the potentiometric surface declined to the south and southeast toward large well fields at Crofton, Severndle, Arnold, Annapolis, Waldorf, La Plata, Indian Head, and Morgantown. The ground-water levels reached 20 feet below sea level at Crofton, 80 feet below sea level at Severndale, 25 feet below sea level at Arnold, more than 10 feet below sea level near Annapolis, more than 130 feet below sea level in the Waldorf area, more than 100 feet below sea level at La Plata an Indian Head, an nearly 80 feet below sea level at the Morgantown powerplant.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95746","usgsCitation":"Curtin, S.E., Mack, F., and Andreasen, D., 1995, Potentiometric surface of the lower Patapsco Aquifer in southern Maryland, September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-746, 1 map : photocopy ; 20 x 17 cm., on sheet 28 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95746.","productDescription":"1 map : photocopy ; 20 x 17 cm., on sheet 28 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":163078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0746/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60092,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0746/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtin, Stephen E. securtin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtin","given":"Stephen","email":"securtin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Frederick K.","contributorId":95858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Frederick K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andreasen, David C.","contributorId":59003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreasen","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23624,"text":"ofr94348 - 1995 - Simulation of stage and the the hydrologic budget of Devils Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:26:12","indexId":"ofr94348","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-348","title":"Simulation of stage and the the hydrologic budget of Devils Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Water clarity of Devils Lake, in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin, has been decreasing because of blue-green algal blooms. An understanding of the hydrology of Devils Lake is needed to develop a mitigation plan to reduce phosphorus input. A model was developed to test the current understanding of the hydrology of the lake including stage and hydrologic budget and to estimate the effects of proposed mitigation plans on lake stage.
\nDaily lake stage was simulated in the model by summing estimates of hydrologic-budget components. The Devils Lake hydrologic-budget components are precipitation on the lake surface, evaporation from the lake surface, runoff (consisting of overland flow to the lake and an intermittent stream flowing into the lake), and ground-water flow into and out of the lake.
\nThe model was calibrated to measured lake stage for the period 1980-92. Simulated stage compares reasonably well with historical stage data for Devils Lake. The root mean square of the differences of simulated and measured daily lake stages for the period 1980-92 is 0.83 foot. Simulated lake stage is very sensitive to small changes in runoff and evaporation coefficients, and ground-waterflow rates used in the model.
\nThe average model-calculated annual amounts of each hydrologic-budget component for the 1980-92 simulation period, in order of increasing volume, are evaporation (791 acre-feet), precipitation (973 acre-feet), runoff (1,107 acre-feet), and net ground-water flow, which is out of the lake (1,323 acre-feet).
\nThree mitigation plans were simulated. Mitigation plan 3, which includes the addition of water from a basin adjacent to the northeastern side of the Devils Lake Basin, allows for withdrawals of hypolimnetic water and maintaining lake stage closer to optimal levels than would result without mitigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94348","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the town of Baraboo","usgsCitation":"Krohelski, J.T., and Batten, W.G., 1995, Simulation of stage and the the hydrologic budget of Devils Lake, Sauk County, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-348, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94348.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0348/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0348/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Sauk County","city":"Baraboo","otherGeospatial":"Devil's Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 43.3601336603352\n ],\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 43.44544148221772\n ],\n [\n -89.66629028320312,\n 43.44544148221772\n ],\n [\n -89.66629028320312,\n 43.3601336603352\n ],\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 43.3601336603352\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2119","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batten, W. G.","contributorId":89504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batten","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":190441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30087,"text":"wri954210 - 1995 - Water-resources data network evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 2, northern and coastal areas of Monterey County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wri954210","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4210","title":"Water-resources data network evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 2, northern and coastal areas of Monterey County","docAbstract":"This report presents an evaluation of water- resources data-collection networks in the northern and coastal areas of Monterey County, California. This evaluation was done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District to evaluate precipitation, surface water, and ground water monitoring networks. This report describes existing monitoring networks in the study areas and areas where possible additional data-collection is needed. During this study, 106 precipitation-quantity gages were identified, of which 84 were active; however, no precipitation-quality gages were identified in the study areas. The precipitaion-quantity gages were concentrated in the Monterey Peninsula and the northern part of the county. If the number of gages in these areas were reduced, coverage would still be adequate to meet most objectives; however, additional gages could improve coverage in the Tularcitos Creek basin and in the coastal areas south of Carmel to the county boundary. If collection of precipitation data were expanded to include monitoring precipitation quality, this expanded monitoring also could include monitoring precipitation for acid rain and pesticides. Eleven continuous streamflow-gaging stations were identified during this study, of which seven were active. To meet the objectives of the streamflow networks outlined in this report, the seven active stations would need to be continued, four stations would need to be reactivated, and an additional six streamflow-gaging stations would need to be added. Eleven stations that routinely were sampled for chemical constituents were identified in the study areas. Surface water in the lower Big Sur River basin was sampled annually for total coli- form and fecal coliform bacteria, and the Big Sur River was sampled monthly at 16 stations for these bacteria. Routine sampling for chemical constituents also was done in the Big Sur River basin. The Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District maintained three networks in the study areas to measure ground-water levels: (1) the summer network, (2) the monthly network, and (3) the annual autumn network. The California American Water Company also did some ground-water-level monitoring in these areas. Well coverage for ground-water monitoring was dense in the seawater-intrusion area north of Moss Landing (possibly because of multiple overlying aquifers), but sparse in other parts of the study areas. During the study, 44 sections were identified as not monitored for ground-water levels. In an ideal ground-water-level network, wells would be evenly spaced, except where local conditions or correlations of wells make monitoring unnecessary. A total of 384 wells that monitor ground-water levels and/or ground-water quality were identified during this study. The Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District sampled ground-water quality monthly during the irrigation season to monitor seawater intrusion. Once each year (during the summer), the wells in this network were monitored for chlorides, specific conductance, and nitrates. Additional samples were collected from each well once every 5 years for complete mineral analysis. The California Department of Health Services, the California American Water Company, the U.S. Army Health Service at Ford Ord, and the Monterey Peninsula Water Management District also monitored ground-water quality in wells in the study areas. Well coverage for the ground-water- quality networks was dense in the seawater- intrusion area north of Moss Landing, but sparse in the rest of the study areas. During this study, 54 sections were identified as not monitored for water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954210","usgsCitation":"Templin, W., Smith, P.E., DeBortoli, M., and Schluter, R.C., 1995, Water-resources data network evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 2, northern and coastal areas of Monterey County: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4210, vi, 102 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954210.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58901,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db6850cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Templin, W. E.","contributorId":56243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Templin","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeBortoli, M.L.","contributorId":10071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBortoli","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schluter, R. C.","contributorId":55832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schluter","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":21922,"text":"ofr95667 - 1995 - Magnetic investigations along selected high-resolution seismic traverses in the central block of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr95667","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-667","title":"Magnetic investigations along selected high-resolution seismic traverses in the central block of Yucca Mountain, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95667","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D., Sikora, R.F., Roberts, C.W., Morin, R.L., and Halvorson, P., 1995, Magnetic investigations along selected high-resolution seismic traverses in the central block of Yucca Mountain, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-667, ii, 23 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95667.","productDescription":"ii, 23 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155256,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0667/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51402,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0667/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6492f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sikora, R. F.","contributorId":21923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikora","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, C. W.","contributorId":61816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Halvorson, P.F.","contributorId":17643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halvorson","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":17101,"text":"ofr94707W - 1995 - Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T15:14:32","indexId":"ofr94707W","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-707","chapter":"W","title":"Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993","docAbstract":"The objective of the watershed-management evaluation monitoring program in Wisconsin is to evaluate the effectiveness of the best-management practices (BMPs) for rural streams, urban streams, and urban storm sewers. This report is an annual summary of the data collected for the program and a report of the results from several different special studies conducted within this program.
\nSuspended sediment and total phosphorus storm-load data are summarized for eight rural sites and suspended sediment, total phosphorus, total recoverable lead, total recoverable copper, total recoverable zinc, and total recoverable cadmium storm-load data are summarized for four urban sites. Dissolved-oxygen data is summarized and compared with Wisconsin's waterquality standards for summer 1993 for seven rural sites. The dissolved-oxygen concentrations declined to levels below these standards at least one time at all seven sites during summer 1993. Total-recoverable hardness concentrations were compared with dissolved-hardness concentrations at two urban streams and two urban storm sewers. Least-squared linear regressions resulted in stronger relations for low-flow conditions than for high-flow conditions, indicating that most hardness during low flow is dissolved hardness. Pesticide data are summarized for four urban sites and six rural sites. Herbicides were detected at urban and rural sites; whereas insecticides were detected only at urban sites.
\nA land-use and best-management-practice inventory is ongoing for each evaluation monitoring project to track the different sources of nonpoint pollution in each watershed and to document implementation of best-management programs that may cause changes in water quality of streams. Updated information is gathered each year, mapped, and stored in a geographic-information-system data base.
\nThe quality-assurance/quality-control plan for the urban watershed-management evaluation program consisted of a series of blank samples. These blank samples were used to identify and isolate contamination by inorganic and organic components throughout the collection and processing of urban streamwater samples. A dissolved trace-metal contamination problem was identified and resolved by using different laboratory- supplied sample bottles.
\nA special study was done to determine the effect of holding time on fecal coliform colony counts. A linear regression indicated that the mean decrease in colony counts over 72 hours was 8.2 percent per day. Results after 24 hours showed that colony counts increased in some samples and decreased in others.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94707W","usgsCitation":"Corsi, S., Walker, J.F., Graczyk, D., Greb, S., Owens, D., and Rappold, K., 1995, Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin; selected streamwater-quality data, land-use and best-management practices inventory, and quality assurance and quality control, water year 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-707, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94707W.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"62","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0707w/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46230,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0707w/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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Assessment Program: Selection, Installation, and Documentation of Wells, and Collection of Related Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"ofr95398","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-398","title":"Ground-Water Data-Collection Protocols and Procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Selection, Installation, and Documentation of Wells, and Collection of Related Data","docAbstract":"Protocols for well installation and documentation are included in a 1989 report written for the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Pilot Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). These protocols were reviewed and revised to address the needs of the full-scale implementation of the NAWQA Program that began in 1991. This report, which is a collaborative effort between the National Water-Quality Assessment Program and the Office of Water Quality, is the result of that review and revision. This report describes protocols and recommended procedures for the collection of data from wells for the NAWQA Program. Protocols and procedures discussed are well selection, installation of monitoring wells, documentation, and the collection of water level and additional hydrogeologic and geologic data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr95398","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lapham, W.W., Wilde, F.D., and Koterba, M.T., 1995, Ground-Water Data-Collection Protocols and Procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Selection, Installation, and Documentation of Wells, and Collection of Related Data (Revised Jan 1996): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-398, vi, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95398.","productDescription":"vi, 71 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/ofr-95-398/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revised Jan 1996","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d661","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lapham, Wayne W.","contributorId":74734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lapham","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilde, Franceska D. fwilde@usgs.gov","contributorId":92240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilde","given":"Franceska","email":"fwilde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koterba, Michael T.","contributorId":70419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koterba","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}