The objective of the watershed-management evaluation monitoring program in Wisconsin is to evaluate the effectiveness of best-management practices (BMP) for controlling nonpoint-source contamination in rural and urban watersheds. This report is an annual summary of the data collected for the program by the U.S Geological Survey and a report of the results of several different detailed analyses of the data. A land-use and BMP inventory is ongoing for 12 evaluation monitoring projects to track the sources of nonpoint-source pollution in each watershed and to document implementation of BMP's that may cause changes in the water quality of streams. Updated information is gathered each year, mapped, and stored in a geographic-information-system data base. Summaries of data collected during water years 1989-94 are presented. A water year is the period beginning October 1 and ending September 30; the water year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends. Suspended-sediment and total-phosphorus data (storm loads and annual loads) are summarized for eight rural sites. For all sites, the annual suspended-sediment or suspended-solids load for water year 1993 exceeded the average for the period of data collection; the minimum annual loads were transported in water year 1991 or 1992. Continuous dissolved-oxygen data were collected at seven rural sites during water year 1994. Data for water years 1990-93 are summarized and plotted in terms of percentage of time that a particular concentration is equaled or exceeded. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in four streams were less than 9 mg/L at least 50 percent of the time, a condition that fails to meet suggested criterion for coldwater streams. The dissolved-oxygen probability curve for one of the coldwater streams is markedly different than the curves for the other streams, perhaps because of differences in aquatic biomass. Blank quality-assurance samples were collected at two of the urban evaluation monitoring sites to isolate contamination in the sample bottle, the automatic sampler and splitter, and the filtration system. Significant contamination caused excessive concentrations of dissolved chloride, alkalinity, and biochemical oxygen demand. The level of contamination may be large enough to affect data for water samples in which these analytes are present at low concentration. Further investigation is being done to determine the source of contamination and take measures to minimize its effect on the sampling. A preliminary regression analysis was done for the rural sites using data collected during water years 1989-93. Loads of suspended solids and total phosphorus in stormflow were regressed against various precipitation-related measures. The results indicate that, for most sites, changes in constituent load on the order of 40 to 50 percent could be detected with a statistical test. For two sites, the change would have to be 60 to 70 percent to be detected. A detailed comparison of snowmelt runoff and rainfall stormflow in urban and rural areas was done using data collected during water years 1985-93. For the rural sites where statistically significant differences were found between constituent loads in snowmelt and storm runoff, the loads of suspended solids and total phosphorus in snowmelt runoff were greater than those in storm runoff. For the urban sites where statistically significant differences were found between snowmelt and storm runoff, the loads of suspended solids and total phosphorus in storm runoff were greater than those in snowmelt runoff. The importance of including snowmelt runoff in designing and analyzing the effects of BMP's on streamwater quality, particularly in rural areas, is emphasized by these results.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95320","issn":"0566-8174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Walker, J., Graczyk, D., Corsi, S., Owens, D., and Wierl, J., 1995, Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin: Land-use and Best-Management-Practices inventory, selected streamwater-quality data, urban-watershed quality assurance and quality control, constituent loads in rural streams, and snowmelt-runoff analysis, water year 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-320, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95320.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0320/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51265,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0320/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-90.403306,47.026693],[-90.411972,47.014958],[-90.425351,47.007526],[-90.464079,46.994636],[-90.465465,47.002593],[-90.457688,47.012484],[-90.4553,47.02375],[-90.455502,47.051331],[-90.449572,47.064965],[-90.438734,47.072557],[-90.417272,47.07757],[-90.395367,47.077175],[-90.393342,47.066204],[-90.403306,47.026693]]],[[[-90.730883,46.873096],[-90.677989,46.897527],[-90.667776,46.890037],[-90.675239,46.881029],[-90.718547,46.864531],[-90.745356,46.83566],[-90.756052,46.830595],[-90.760991,46.838277],[-90.749816,46.861806],[-90.730883,46.873096]]],[[[-90.764857,46.946524],[-90.741417,46.9636],[-90.71511,46.957332],[-90.694487,46.93671],[-90.689302,46.918563],[-90.737107,46.914712],[-90.764857,46.946524]]],[[[-90.568938,46.847391],[-90.58505,46.839789],[-90.613569,46.837958],[-90.673838,46.819684],[-90.683356,46.813275],[-90.685753,46.805003],[-90.652916,46.797755],[-90.65892,46.7885],[-90.696465,46.78204],[-90.716456,46.785418],[-90.7625,46.755547],[-90.787751,46.753301],[-90.783086,46.772939],[-90.790965,46.781373],[-90.790231,46.786103],[-90.733231,46.800183],[-90.720932,46.815897],[-90.656946,46.843476],[-90.622048,46.872872],[-90.602619,46.872715],[-90.568938,46.847391]]],[[[-90.572383,46.958835],[-90.528182,46.968396],[-90.508157,46.956836],[-90.524018,46.935714],[-90.539947,46.92785],[-90.543852,46.918289],[-90.549104,46.915461],[-90.569169,46.920309],[-90.637124,46.906724],[-90.64412,46.908373],[-90.654796,46.919249],[-90.634507,46.942944],[-90.572383,46.958835]]],[[[-87.335299,45.211327],[-87.331962,45.199251],[-87.33622,45.173174],[-87.327284,45.157363],[-87.376777,45.177298],[-87.375403,45.199296],[-87.335299,45.211327]]],[[[-90.962901,46.962028],[-90.980316,46.971578],[-90.98222,46.985417],[-90.949383,46.991208],[-90.939866,47.001321],[-90.928563,47.000726],[-90.923764,46.987928],[-90.932132,46.962655],[-90.962901,46.962028]]],[[[-90.757147,47.03372],[-90.688544,47.043347],[-90.643623,47.041177],[-90.608824,47.007558],[-90.560936,47.037013],[-90.544875,47.017383],[-90.552867,46.999686],[-90.609715,46.991208],[-90.634105,46.970983],[-90.671581,46.948973],[-90.712032,46.98526],[-90.767985,47.002327],[-90.776921,47.024324],[-90.757147,47.03372]]],[[[-87.405658,44.860098],[-87.384821,44.865532],[-87.385396,44.889964],[-87.406199,44.90449],[-87.393752,44.933751],[-87.374805,44.956631],[-87.360288,44.987643],[-87.322117,45.034201],[-87.264877,45.081361],[-87.257449,45.121644],[-87.240813,45.137559],[-87.242924,45.149377],[-87.238426,45.166492],[-87.224065,45.174551],[-87.21437,45.165735],[-87.195876,45.163201],[-87.17517,45.173],[-87.163169,45.185331],[-87.13303,45.192843],[-87.119972,45.191103],[-87.122708,45.221786],[-87.109541,45.255397],[-87.078316,45.265723],[-87.071035,45.280355],[-87.057627,45.292838],[-87.0517,45.285888],[-87.043895,45.284767],[-87.017036,45.299254],[-86.994112,45.298061],[-86.97778,45.290684],[-86.970355,45.278455],[-86.984938,45.259036],[-86.983066,45.250764],[-86.973287,45.246381],[-86.985973,45.215872],[-87.002806,45.211773],[-87.00754,45.222127],[-87.032521,45.222274],[-87.040909,45.211535],[-87.045242,45.158798],[-87.030225,45.147382],[-87.03292,45.141963],[-87.045748,45.134987],[-87.054282,45.120074],[-87.049346,45.110122],[-87.048213,45.089124],[-87.057415,45.087472],[-87.064864,45.078427],[-87.079552,45.070783],[-87.081866,45.059103],[-87.090849,45.055465],[-87.121156,45.058311],[-87.139384,45.012565],[-87.163477,45.004913],[-87.189134,44.969078],[-87.188399,44.94856],[-87.17524,44.939753],[-87.1717,44.931476],[-87.204238,44.916819],[-87.215808,44.906744],[-87.217171,44.898013],[-87.206285,44.885928],[-87.204815,44.877199],[-87.267061,44.847025],[-87.282561,44.814729],[-87.304824,44.804603],[-87.313363,44.794237],[-87.320397,44.784963],[-87.319903,44.769672],[-87.353789,44.701915],[-87.401629,44.631191],[-87.437751,44.604559],[-87.467089,44.553557],[-87.483696,44.511354],[-87.490024,44.477224],[-87.498662,44.460686],[-87.506362,44.423804],[-87.517965,44.394356],[-87.517597,44.375696],[-87.533583,44.351111],[-87.545382,44.321385],[-87.541382,44.294018],[-87.508457,44.229755],[-87.507419,44.210803],[-87.512903,44.192808],[-87.51966,44.17987],[-87.53994,44.15969],[-87.563181,44.144195],[-87.603572,44.13039],[-87.6458,44.105222],[-87.654935,44.082552],[-87.656062,44.051919],[-87.683361,44.020139],[-87.695053,43.990715],[-87.69892,43.965936],[-87.71817,43.939498],[-87.735436,43.882219],[-87.728698,43.852524],[-87.726408,43.810454],[-87.700251,43.76735],[-87.702985,43.749695],[-87.709885,43.735795],[-87.702685,43.687596],[-87.789105,43.564844],[-87.797608,43.52731],[-87.793239,43.492783],[-87.807799,43.461136],[-87.855608,43.405441],[-87.872504,43.380178],[-87.882392,43.352099],[-87.889207,43.307652],[-87.901847,43.284117],[-87.911787,43.250406],[-87.896286,43.197108],[-87.881085,43.170609],[-87.900285,43.13731],[-87.900496,43.126],[-87.893185,43.114011],[-87.876084,43.099011],[-87.866487,43.074419],[-87.870184,43.064412],[-87.894813,43.042497],[-87.898184,43.030689],[-87.896157,43.017486],[-87.887789,43.000715],[-87.857182,42.978015],[-87.845181,42.962015],[-87.842786,42.944865],[-87.847745,42.889595],[-87.824,42.836649],[-87.766675,42.784896],[-87.781949,42.74857],[-87.778824,42.728432],[-87.783489,42.705164],[-87.802377,42.676651],[-87.814674,42.64402],[-87.819407,42.617327],[-87.819374,42.60662],[-87.810873,42.58732],[-87.812273,42.52982],[-87.800477,42.49192],[-88.115285,42.496219],[-88.786681,42.491983],[-89.690088,42.505191],[-90.640927,42.508302],[-90.636727,42.518702],[-90.645627,42.5441],[-90.654127,42.5499],[-90.661527,42.567999],[-90.685487,42.589614],[-90.693999,42.614509],[-90.709204,42.636078],[-90.769495,42.651443],[-90.88743,42.67247],[-90.921155,42.685406],[-90.949213,42.685573],[-90.977735,42.696816],[-91.000128,42.716189],[-91.026786,42.724228],[-91.035418,42.73734],[-91.053733,42.738238],[-91.056297,42.747341],[-91.065783,42.753387],[-91.060261,42.761847],[-91.069549,42.769628],[-91.078097,42.806526],[-91.078665,42.827678],[-91.09406,42.830813],[-91.091402,42.84986],[-91.097656,42.859871],[-91.100565,42.883078],[-91.115512,42.894672],[-91.14556,42.90798],[-91.144315,42.926592],[-91.149784,42.940244],[-91.14655,42.963345],[-91.156562,42.978226],[-91.15749,42.991475],[-91.174692,43.038713],[-91.179457,43.067427],[-91.175193,43.103771],[-91.177932,43.128875],[-91.175253,43.134665],[-91.1562,43.142945],[-91.1462,43.152405],[-91.12217,43.197255],[-91.066398,43.239293],[-91.059684,43.248566],[-91.058644,43.257679],[-91.072649,43.262129],[-91.07371,43.274746],[-91.107237,43.313645],[-91.137343,43.329757],[-91.181115,43.345926],[-91.201847,43.349103],[-91.21477,43.365874],[-91.19767,43.395334],[-91.203144,43.419805],[-91.22875,43.445537],[-91.233367,43.455168],[-91.216035,43.481142],[-91.217353,43.512474],[-91.232941,43.523967],[-91.243183,43.540309],[-91.24382,43.54913],[-91.232812,43.564842],[-91.231865,43.581822],[-91.268748,43.615348],[-91.268457,43.627352],[-91.262397,43.64176],[-91.270767,43.65308],[-91.273252,43.666623],[-91.268455,43.709824],[-91.255932,43.729849],[-91.255431,43.744876],[-91.243955,43.773046],[-91.262436,43.792166],[-91.277695,43.837741],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.310991,43.867381],[-91.320605,43.888491],[-91.338141,43.897664],[-91.346271,43.910074],[-91.356741,43.916564],[-91.366642,43.937463],[-91.385785,43.954239],[-91.406011,43.963929],[-91.43738,43.999962],[-91.463515,44.009041],[-91.478498,44.00803],[-91.507121,44.01898],[-91.580019,44.026925],[-91.59207,44.031372],[-91.610487,44.04931],[-91.638115,44.063285],[-91.647873,44.064109],[-91.667006,44.086964],[-91.68153,44.0974],[-91.707491,44.103906],[-91.710597,44.12048],[-91.721552,44.130342],[-91.751747,44.134786],[-91.774486,44.147539],[-91.808064,44.159262],[-91.817302,44.164235],[-91.829167,44.17835],[-91.875158,44.200575],[-91.877429,44.212921],[-91.892698,44.231105],[-91.88704,44.251772],[-91.896008,44.262871],[-91.895652,44.273008],[-91.924613,44.291815],[-91.913534,44.311392],[-91.918625,44.322671],[-91.92559,44.333548],[-91.941311,44.340978],[-91.9636,44.362112],[-92.038147,44.388731],[-92.056486,44.402729],[-92.078605,44.404869],[-92.111085,44.413948],[-92.124513,44.422115],[-92.195378,44.433792],[-92.232472,44.445434],[-92.291005,44.485464],[-92.302215,44.500298],[-92.302466,44.516487],[-92.314071,44.538014],[-92.336114,44.554004],[-92.361518,44.558935],[-92.399281,44.558292],[-92.431101,44.565786],[-92.455105,44.561886],[-92.481001,44.568276],[-92.493808,44.566063],[-92.518358,44.575183],[-92.54806,44.567792],[-92.55151,44.571607],[-92.549777,44.58113],[-92.569434,44.603539],[-92.577148,44.605054],[-92.584711,44.599861],[-92.601516,44.612052],[-92.621456,44.615017],[-92.619779,44.634195],[-92.632105,44.649027],[-92.660988,44.660884],[-92.700948,44.693751],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-92.787906,44.737432],[-92.807317,44.750364],[-92.805287,44.768361],[-92.785206,44.792303],[-92.78043,44.812589],[-92.766102,44.834966],[-92.76909,44.861997],[-92.764133,44.875905],[-92.773946,44.889997],[-92.774571,44.898084],[-92.758701,44.908979],[-92.750645,44.937299],[-92.754603,44.955767],[-92.769445,44.97215],[-92.771231,45.001378],[-92.76206,45.02432],[-92.770362,45.033803],[-92.793282,45.047178],[-92.803079,45.060978],[-92.800851,45.069477],[-92.791528,45.079647],[-92.746749,45.107051],[-92.739528,45.116515],[-92.745694,45.123112],[-92.757707,45.155466],[-92.752542,45.171772],[-92.764872,45.182812],[-92.767408,45.190166],[-92.763908,45.204866],[-92.751708,45.218666],[-92.760249,45.2496],[-92.751659,45.26591],[-92.760615,45.278827],[-92.761013,45.289028],[-92.737122,45.300459],[-92.709968,45.321302],[-92.698967,45.336374],[-92.703705,45.35633],[-92.679193,45.37271],[-92.669505,45.389111],[-92.650422,45.398507],[-92.646602,45.441635],[-92.652698,45.454527],[-92.680234,45.464344],[-92.702224,45.493046],[-92.726677,45.514462],[-92.726082,45.541112],[-92.770223,45.566939],[-92.785741,45.567888],[-92.823309,45.560934],[-92.871082,45.567581],[-92.883749,45.575483],[-92.886442,45.598679],[-92.882529,45.610216],[-92.888035,45.624959],[-92.887929,45.639006],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.870145,45.696757],[-92.869193,45.717568],[-92.809837,45.744172],[-92.784621,45.764196],[-92.776496,45.790014],[-92.757815,45.806574],[-92.765146,45.830183],[-92.739991,45.846283],[-92.734039,45.868108],[-92.712503,45.891705],[-92.676607,45.90637],[-92.676807,45.91093],[-92.659549,45.922937],[-92.639116,45.924555],[-92.640115,45.932478],[-92.636316,45.934634],[-92.614314,45.934529],[-92.60246,45.940815],[-92.551933,45.951651],[-92.549806,45.967986],[-92.527052,45.983245],[-92.469354,45.973811],[-92.46126,45.979427],[-92.464512,45.985038],[-92.453373,45.992913],[-92.442259,46.016177],[-92.428555,46.024241],[-92.410649,46.027259],[-92.372717,46.014198],[-92.35176,46.015685],[-92.344244,46.02743],[-92.343604,46.040917],[-92.332912,46.062697],[-92.294033,46.074377],[-92.292192,46.666042],[-92.287392,46.667342],[-92.286192,46.660342],[-92.274392,46.657441],[-92.270592,46.650741],[-92.256592,46.658741],[-92.242493,46.649241],[-92.228492,46.652941],[-92.216392,46.649841],[-92.207092,46.651941],[-92.202292,46.655041],[-92.204092,46.666941],[-92.176091,46.686341],[-92.183091,46.695241],[-92.198491,46.696141],[-92.205192,46.698341],[-92.205692,46.702541],[-92.189091,46.717541],[-92.167291,46.719941],[-92.146291,46.71594],[-92.141291,46.72524],[-92.14329,46.73464],[-92.13789,46.73954],[-92.108777,46.749105],[-92.08949,46.74924],[-92.03399,46.708939],[-92.020289,46.704039],[-92.007989,46.705039],[-91.961889,46.682539],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-91.886963,46.690211],[-91.820027,46.690176],[-91.790473,46.694624],[-91.74965,46.709129],[-91.646146,46.734575],[-91.590684,46.754331],[-91.511077,46.757453],[-91.489125,46.766997],[-91.44957,46.773252],[-91.411799,46.78964],[-91.369387,46.793745],[-91.33825,46.817704],[-91.315061,46.826729],[-91.256873,46.836833],[-91.226796,46.86361],[-91.207524,46.865835],[-91.200107,46.854017],[-91.178292,46.844259],[-91.168297,46.844727],[-91.140301,46.873105],[-91.133337,46.870341],[-91.134977,46.859023],[-91.107323,46.857469],[-91.096565,46.86153],[-91.090916,46.88267],[-91.080951,46.883609],[-91.069331,46.878772],[-91.052991,46.881325],[-91.03989,46.88923],[-91.034518,46.903053],[-91.019141,46.911502],[-90.995149,46.917577],[-90.968419,46.94391],[-90.92204,46.931372],[-90.914044,46.933346],[-90.908654,46.941221],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.855874,46.962232],[-90.838814,46.957728],[-90.786595,46.927019],[-90.75563,46.899247],[-90.751151,46.887863],[-90.77017,46.876296],[-90.798545,46.823922],[-90.825696,46.803858],[-90.835008,46.790366],[-90.854916,46.788952],[-90.863542,46.780565],[-90.859724,46.774433],[-90.862333,46.768135],[-90.885021,46.756341],[-90.870396,46.723293],[-90.853225,46.70028],[-90.853644,46.694464],[-90.870079,46.679449],[-90.914619,46.659054],[-90.924487,46.625417],[-90.93831,46.608768],[-90.951418,46.600774],[-90.942101,46.588573],[-90.906058,46.58343],[-90.873154,46.601223],[-90.794775,46.624941],[-90.770192,46.636127],[-90.755381,46.646225],[-90.756495,46.664591],[-90.74809,46.669817],[-90.73726,46.692267],[-90.627885,46.623839],[-90.558141,46.586384],[-90.538346,46.581182],[-90.505909,46.589614],[-90.437596,46.561492],[-90.418136,46.566094],[-90.39332,46.532615],[-90.369964,46.540549],[-90.350121,46.537337],[-90.344338,46.552087],[-90.331887,46.553278],[-90.326686,46.54615],[-90.320428,46.546287],[-90.310859,46.539365],[-90.316983,46.517319],[-90.285707,46.518846],[-90.277131,46.524487],[-90.272599,46.521127],[-90.274721,46.515416],[-90.270684,46.508237],[-90.263018,46.502777],[-90.231587,46.509842],[-90.230324,46.501732],[-90.216594,46.501759],[-90.204009,46.478175],[-90.188996,46.469015],[-90.193294,46.463143],[-90.180336,46.456746],[-90.17786,46.440548],[-90.166919,46.439851],[-90.158603,46.422656],[-90.157851,46.409291],[-90.144359,46.390255],[-90.13225,46.381249],[-90.133871,46.371828],[-90.116844,46.355153],[-90.12138,46.338131],[-89.09163,46.138505],[-88.85027,46.040274],[-88.837991,46.030176],[-88.811948,46.021609],[-88.79646,46.023605],[-88.80067,46.030036],[-88.796182,46.033712],[-88.779221,46.031869],[-88.783891,46.020934],[-88.779915,46.015436],[-88.765208,46.022086],[-88.756295,46.020173],[-88.746422,46.025798],[-88.730675,46.026535],[-88.721125,46.022013],[-88.718397,46.013284],[-88.704687,46.018154],[-88.679132,46.013538],[-88.661312,45.988819],[-88.6375,45.98496],[-88.616405,45.9877],[-88.611466,46.003332],[-88.60144,46.017599],[-88.59386,46.015132],[-88.589755,46.005602],[-88.565485,46.015708],[-88.550756,46.012896],[-88.541078,46.013763],[-88.533825,46.020915],[-88.514601,46.019926],[-88.507188,46.0183],[-88.498108,45.99636],[-88.492495,45.992157],[-88.476002,45.992826],[-88.470855,46.001004],[-88.458658,45.999391],[-88.450325,45.990181],[-88.439733,45.990456],[-88.416914,45.975323],[-88.388847,45.982675],[-88.380183,45.991654],[-88.330137,45.965951],[-88.330296,45.956625],[-88.326953,45.955071],[-88.316894,45.960969],[-88.292381,45.951115],[-88.250133,45.963147],[-88.246307,45.962983],[-88.242518,45.950363],[-88.23314,45.947405],[-88.201852,45.945173],[-88.202116,45.949836],[-88.191991,45.95274],[-88.170096,45.93947],[-88.146352,45.935314],[-88.121864,45.92075],[-88.104686,45.922121],[-88.096496,45.917273],[-88.095354,45.913895],[-88.105677,45.904387],[-88.101814,45.883504],[-88.095841,45.880042],[-88.083965,45.881186],[-88.073944,45.875593],[-88.075146,45.864832],[-88.081641,45.865087],[-88.13611,45.819029],[-88.129461,45.809288],[-88.105355,45.800104],[-88.103247,45.791361],[-88.072091,45.780261],[-88.050634,45.780972],[-88.040221,45.789236],[-87.991447,45.795393],[-87.98087,45.776977],[-87.989829,45.772945],[-87.96697,45.764021],[-87.963452,45.75822],[-87.905873,45.759364],[-87.896032,45.752285],[-87.875813,45.753888],[-87.864141,45.745697],[-87.86432,45.737139],[-87.85548,45.726943],[-87.805867,45.706841],[-87.809181,45.700337],[-87.782226,45.683053],[-87.780737,45.675458],[-87.823164,45.662732],[-87.824102,45.647138],[-87.810194,45.638732],[-87.79588,45.618846],[-87.780845,45.614599],[-87.777199,45.588499],[-87.787534,45.581376],[-87.790874,45.564096],[-87.806104,45.562863],[-87.829346,45.568776],[-87.833591,45.562529],[-87.80339,45.538272],[-87.802267,45.514233],[-87.792769,45.499967],[-87.812971,45.4661],[-87.861697,45.434473],[-87.860432,45.423504],[-87.849322,45.403872],[-87.859131,45.398967],[-87.859418,45.388227],[-87.875424,45.379373],[-87.871789,45.373557],[-87.884855,45.362792],[-87.888052,45.354697],[-87.881114,45.351278],[-87.86856,45.360537],[-87.860871,45.351192],[-87.850418,45.347492],[-87.848368,45.340676],[-87.832612,45.352249],[-87.790324,45.353444],[-87.783076,45.349725],[-87.754104,45.349442],[-87.751626,45.354169],[-87.738352,45.358243],[-87.718891,45.377462],[-87.693956,45.389893],[-87.675017,45.382454],[-87.674403,45.378065],[-87.657349,45.368752],[-87.656632,45.358617],[-87.648476,45.352243],[-87.648126,45.339396],[-87.662029,45.326434],[-87.663666,45.318257],[-87.687498,45.298055],[-87.698248,45.281512],[-87.69878,45.26942],[-87.709137,45.260341],[-87.711339,45.239965],[-87.724156,45.233236],[-87.721935,45.228444],[-87.726952,45.218949],[-87.726198,45.209391],[-87.741732,45.198201],[-87.736509,45.173389],[-87.683902,45.144135],[-87.675816,45.135059],[-87.678511,45.131204],[-87.672447,45.121294],[-87.661296,45.112566],[-87.661211,45.108279],[-87.631535,45.106224],[-87.59188,45.094689],[-87.587147,45.089495],[-87.587992,45.085271],[-87.601849,45.082297],[-87.610395,45.075617],[-87.625748,45.045157],[-87.624693,45.014176],[-87.630298,44.976865],[-87.661964,44.973035],[-87.696492,44.974233],[-87.766115,44.965351],[-87.817551,44.951986],[-87.837647,44.933091],[-87.844299,44.918524],[-87.827751,44.891229],[-87.832764,44.880939],[-87.852789,44.86486],[-87.865898,44.840988],[-87.878218,44.839016],[-87.899787,44.828051],[-87.941453,44.75608],[-87.964714,44.74357],[-87.983065,44.72073],[-87.990081,44.669791],[-88.002085,44.664035],[-88.009766,44.637081],[-87.998836,44.609523],[-88.001943,44.603909],[-88.012395,44.602438],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-88.039092,44.574324],[-88.042261,44.567344],[-88.005518,44.539216],[-87.970702,44.530292],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.929001,44.535993],[-87.901206,44.568887],[-87.899368,44.573043],[-87.903689,44.581317],[-87.901179,44.584545],[-87.867941,44.607606],[-87.809076,44.636189],[-87.77516,44.639281],[-87.756048,44.649117],[-87.748409,44.667122],[-87.71978,44.693246],[-87.720312,44.725073],[-87.610063,44.838384],[-87.581635,44.851638],[-87.550288,44.85129],[-87.530999,44.857437],[-87.515142,44.869596],[-87.502431,44.864619],[-87.478489,44.863572],[-87.437084,44.892718],[-87.421007,44.887869],[-87.419951,44.87594],[-87.405658,44.860098]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.895055,45.329035],[-86.899488,45.322588],[-86.896667,45.307275],[-86.899891,45.295185],[-86.925681,45.3242],[-86.95499,45.34128],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.946297,45.35869],[-86.95497,45.383194],[-86.943041,45.41525],[-86.934724,45.421123],[-86.928045,45.411273],[-86.917686,45.40789],[-86.892893,45.40898],[-86.877502,45.413981],[-86.862174,45.412151],[-86.853145,45.405547],[-86.830353,45.410852],[-86.828731,45.428461],[-86.810055,45.422619],[-86.805415,45.407324],[-86.824383,45.406135],[-86.841432,45.389601],[-86.853103,45.370861],[-86.863367,45.365],[-86.869031,45.333244],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Wisconsin\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, J.F.","contributorId":86743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corsi, S.R.","contributorId":76346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corsi","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Owens, D.W.","contributorId":28994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wierl, J.A.","contributorId":32944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wierl","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31923,"text":"ofr95640 - 1995 - Preliminary geologic map of part of the Ruch Quadrangle, Jackson County, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:18","indexId":"ofr95640","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-640","title":"Preliminary geologic map of part of the Ruch Quadrangle, Jackson County, Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95640","usgsCitation":"Donato, M.M., 1995, Preliminary geologic map of part of the Ruch Quadrangle, Jackson County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-640, 1 map : photocopy ; 58 x 43 cm., on sheet 90 x 105 cm., folded to 24 x 26 cm. ; scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95640.","productDescription":"1 map : photocopy ; 58 x 43 cm., on sheet 90 x 105 cm., folded to 24 x 26 cm. ; scale 1:24,000 (1 inch = 2,000 feet). ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":108958,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18530.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"18530"},{"id":163912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19572,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0640/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donato, Mary M.","contributorId":30962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donato","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30054,"text":"wri954270 - 1995 - Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri954270","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4270","title":"Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994","docAbstract":"Controlled artificial recharge of surface runoff is being considered as a water-management technique to address the problem of ground-water overdraft. The planned use of recharge facilities in urban areas has caused concern about the quality of urban runoff to be recharged and the potential for ground-water contamination. The proposed recharge facility in Rillito Creek will utilize runoff entering a 1-mile reach of the Rillito Creek between Craycroft Road and Swan Road for infiltration and recharge purposes within the channel and excavated overbank areas. Physical and chemical data were collected from two surface-water and two ground-water sites in the study area in 1994. Analyses of surface-water samples were done to determine the occurrence and concentration of potential contaminants and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected during 1987-93. Analyses of ground-water samples were done to determine the variability of ground-water quality at the monitoring wells throughout the year and to determine changes in quality since samples were collected in 1989 and 1993. Surface-water samples were collected from Tanque Verde Creek at Sabino Canyon Road (streamflow-gaging station Tanque Verde Creek at Tucson, 09484500) and from Alamo Wash at Fort Lowell Road in September and May 1994, respectively. Ground-water samples were collected from monitoring wells (D- 13-14)26cbb2 and (D-13-14)26dcb2 in January, May, July, and October 1994. In surface water, calcium was the dominant cation, and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. In ground water, calcium and sodium were the dominant cations and bicarbonate was the dominant anion. Surface water in the area is soft, and ground water is moderately hard to hard. In surface water and ground water, nitrogen was found predominantly as nitrate. Concentrations of manganese in ground-water samples ranged from 60 to 230 micrograms per liter and exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level for drinking water of 50 micrograms per liter. None of the constituents in surface-water and ground-water samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary maximum contaminant levels for drinking water or State of Arizona aquifer water-quality standards. Concentrations of major ions, nutrients, and trace elements in water from the monitoring wells did not vary significantly throughout the year and were not significantly different from concentrations in samples collected in March 1989 and January and September 1993. Priority pollutants were not found in surface-water samples or ground-water samples, and organochlorine pesticides were not found in ground-water samples. Dieldrin and biphenyl polychlor were the only pesticides found in surface water and were at the minimum reporting levels in one sample from Alamo Wash.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954270","usgsCitation":"Tadayon, S., 1995, Quality of surface water and ground water in the proposed artificial-recharge project area, Rillito Creek basin, Tucson, Arizona, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4270, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954270.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159342,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4270/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58864,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4270/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640dbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tadayon, Saeid stadayon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tadayon","given":"Saeid","email":"stadayon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25385,"text":"wri954285 - 1995 - Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1993-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:29","indexId":"wri954285","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4285","title":"Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1993-94","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program, the use and occurrence of agricultural pesticides were investigated in four drainage basins--two dominated by irrigated agriculture and two by dryland agriculture--in the Central Columbia Plateau of eastern Washington. For this study, 85 pesticides or pesticide metabolites were selected for analysis from a list of nearly 400 compounds commonly used in the United States. Pesticide-use data included estimates of the total quantity of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides applied to croplands in each of the four drainage basins and reported times of application for selected pesticides. Pesticide-occurrence data included concentrations of pesticides in samples collected at one surface-water site at or near the outflow of each of the four drainage basins, where surface waters were sampled one to five times a month from March 1993 through May 1994. Of the 85 pesticides or pesticide metabolites targeted for analysis, a total of 45 different compounds were detected in samples from the four sites, ranging in concentration from at or near the limit of detection (as low as 0.001 microgram per liter) to a maximum of 8.1 micrograms per liter. None of the concentrations of pesticides exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water standards, but concentrations of five pesticides exceeded the USEPA freshwater-chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Forty-one different pesticides or pesticide metabolites were detected in surface waters sampled at the two sites representing irrigated agriculture drainage basins. The herbicides atrazine, DCPA, and EPTC were detected most frequently at the two sampling sites. Not all pesticides that were applied were detected, however. For example, disulfoton, phorate, and methyl parathion accounted for 15 percent of the insecticides applied in the two irrigated drainage basins, yet none of these pesticides were detected in samples from the two irrigated-agricultural sites. Concentrations of pesticides found in surface waters at the two sites representing irrigated agriculture did not exceed drinking water standards, but some concentrations of the insecticides carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and azinphos-methyl exceeded the freshwater-chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Twenty-three different pesticides or pesticide metabolites were detected in samples from the two sites representing dryland agricultural drainage basins. Herbicides were the type of pesticides most heavily applied in these drainage basins, and the herbicides atrazine, triallate, and simazine were detected most frequently in samples. Some herbicides, for example triallate in the Palouse River drainage basin, were both heavily applied and frequently detected. Others, like atrazine and simazine, were not typically applied to cropland, but were frequently detected in surface-water samples. Several insecticides (Lindane, ethoprop, carbaryl, and azinphos-methyl) were detected in samples from the two sites, although they were not reported as commonly applied to croplands in the dryland agricultural drainage basins. Concentrations of pesticides found in surface waters at the two sites did not exceed drinking water guidelines, but concentrations of the insecticides diazinon and azinphos-methyl and the herbicide triallate exceeded freshwater-chronic criteria for the protection of aquatic life.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954285","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Ebbert, J., Roberts, L., and Ryker, S., 1995, Agricultural pesticide applications and observed concentrations in surface waters from four drainage basins in the Central Columbia Plateau, Washington and Idaho, 1993-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4285, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954285.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54119,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, L.M.","contributorId":84355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryker, S.J.","contributorId":16047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":31918,"text":"ofr95615A - 1995 - Analytical results, sample locations, and other information for stream-sediment, soil, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples used in mineral resource studies of Coronado National Forest and adjacent areas, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:13","indexId":"ofr95615A","displayToPublicDate":"1996-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-615","chapter":"A","title":"Analytical results, sample locations, and other information for stream-sediment, soil, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples used in mineral resource studies of Coronado National Forest and adjacent areas, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95615A","usgsCitation":"Nowlan, G., and Chaffee, M., 1995, Analytical results, sample locations, and other information for stream-sediment, soil, heavy-mineral-concentrate, and rock samples used in mineral resource studies of Coronado National Forest and adjacent areas, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-615, 10 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95615A.","productDescription":"10 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0615a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60084,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0615a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c3e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowlan, G.A.","contributorId":99131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowlan","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chaffee, M.A.","contributorId":108049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaffee","given":"M.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31919,"text":"ofr95619 - 1995 - Topographic maps of Novarupta dome and selected portions of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-17T14:22:12","indexId":"ofr95619","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-619","title":"Topographic maps of Novarupta dome and selected portions of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr95619","usgsCitation":"Strobe, R., Rice, W., and Neal, C., 1995, Topographic maps of Novarupta dome and selected portions of the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-619, 4 over-size sheets; sheet 1, scale 1:48,000 (1 inch = 4,000 feet); sheets 2-4, scale 1:2,400 (1 inch = 200 feet). , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95619.","productDescription":"4 over-size sheets; sheet 1, scale 1:48,000 (1 inch = 4,000 feet); sheets 2-4, scale 1:2,400 (1 inch = 200 feet). ","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19567,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0619/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19568,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0619/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19569,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0619/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19570,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0619/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"48000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629ba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strobe, Robert","contributorId":48229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strobe","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rice, William","contributorId":17284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Neal, C.A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":91122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":31915,"text":"ofr95577 - 1995 - Piedmont geology of the Stafford, Storck, Salem Church, and Fredericksburg quadrangles, Stafford, Fauquier, and Spotsylvania Counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-23T21:22:46.068614","indexId":"ofr95577","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-577","title":"Piedmont geology of the Stafford, Storck, Salem Church, and Fredericksburg quadrangles, Stafford, Fauquier, and Spotsylvania Counties, Virginia","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95577","usgsCitation":"Pavlides, L., 1995, Piedmont geology of the Stafford, Storck, Salem Church, and Fredericksburg quadrangles, Stafford, Fauquier, and Spotsylvania Counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-577, 4 Plates: 47.00 × 38.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95577.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 47.00 × 38.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407323,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_19364.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":19565,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0577/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19564,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0577/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19563,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0577/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":19562,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0577/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fauquier County, Spotsylvania County, Stafford County","otherGeospatial":"Stafford, Storck, Salem Church, and Fredericksburg quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.625,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -77.375,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -77.375,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -77.625,\n 38.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6858c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavlides, Louis","contributorId":79444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavlides","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31914,"text":"ofr95461 - 1995 - Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, May 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T10:36:22","indexId":"ofr95461","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-461","title":"Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, May 1995","docAbstract":"This map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 1995. The map is based on water-level measurements made at more than 900 wells and springs. Approximately 30 new wells were added to better define the potentiometric surface mainly in the northwest area of the map. Data on the map were contoured using 5-foot contour intervals in most areas. Two new wells located north of Rainbow Springs indicate a slight northward extension of the depressed area surrounding the springs. Several new wells in Bradford County indicate a slight reduction in the size of the potentiometric-surface high along the northwest edge of the county. The potentiometric surface of this karstic aquifer generally reflects land surface topography. Potentiometric-surface highs often correspond to topographic highs, which are areas of recharge to the Upper Floridan aquifer. Springs within topographic lows along with areas of more diffuse upward leakage are natural zones of discharge. Municipal, agricultural, and industrial withdrawals have lowered the potentiometric surface in some areas. The potentiometric surface ranged from 127 feet above sea level in Polk County to 84 feet below sea level in southeast Georgia near the St. Marys River. Water levels measured in May 1995 generally were about 0 to 4 feet higher than those measured in May 1994 except in St. Lucie County and near Rainbow Springs, where levels were 1 to 3 feet lower. Generally, May 1995 water levels were 0 to 5 feet lower than levels in September 1994, except near Orlando, where levels were 6 to 12 feet lower, and across the northwest corner of the map area which includes Marion, Alachua, Bradford, Baker, and Nassau Counties, north and west Duval County, and south Georgia. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr95461","usgsCitation":"Knowles, L., O’Reilly, A.M., Phelps, G.G., and Bradner, L.A., 1995, Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, May 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-461, 1 map : photocopy ; 103 x 62 cm., folded to 31 x 20 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95461.","productDescription":"1 map : photocopy ; 103 x 62 cm., folded to 31 x 20 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161221,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19561,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0461/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-82.821585,27.964443],[-82.829801,27.968469],[-82.823063,28.044758],[-82.836326,28.073193],[-82.830525,28.085293],[-82.826125,28.083793],[-82.813435,28.03716],[-82.815168,28.012547],[-82.821755,28.002494],[-82.815168,27.973721],[-82.821585,27.964443]]],[[[-81.582923,24.658732],[-81.562917,24.692912],[-81.535323,24.67954],[-81.51898,24.687818],[-81.5124,24.703737],[-81.476642,24.711244],[-81.469275,24.704286],[-81.459043,24.707355],[-81.451881,24.714518],[-81.456588,24.740097],[-81.451267,24.747464],[-81.432032,24.722908],[-81.421595,24.737641],[-81.430599,24.747259],[-81.425483,24.752989],[-81.392947,24.743371],[-81.38558,24.726182],[-81.36041,24.708788],[-81.319282,24.701238],[-81.309664,24.665017],[-81.298028,24.656774],[-81.332831,24.639528],[-81.395096,24.621062],[-81.401946,24.623564],[-81.403319,24.640294],[-81.414187,24.647167],[-81.448623,24.640172],[-81.470411,24.641985],[-81.480951,24.645121],[-81.47641,24.653197],[-81.480504,24.659757],[-81.49858,24.66498],[-81.505585,24.654609],[-81.511165,24.625135],[-81.54645,24.614895],[-81.602998,24.586444],[-81.664209,24.573143],[-81.685278,24.558739],[-81.81289,24.546468],[-81.814446,24.56358],[-81.811386,24.56975],[-81.800676,24.570989],[-81.794057,24.586],[-81.739241,24.589973],[-81.730473,24.58196],[-81.705364,24.597647],[-81.687017,24.592534],[-81.655735,24.616295],[-81.637087,24.621408],[-81.614829,24.642764],[-81.614529,24.650584],[-81.582923,24.658732]]],[[[-82.15068,24.576331],[-82.143075,24.593395],[-82.125268,24.597426],[-82.104187,24.588256],[-82.099417,24.572522],[-82.116787,24.549144],[-82.159439,24.548212],[-82.165206,24.552159],[-82.164426,24.563375],[-82.15068,24.576331]]],[[[-81.249799,24.673357],[-81.243232,24.673998],[-81.244761,24.669202],[-81.281778,24.65375],[-81.260006,24.674848],[-81.249799,24.673357]]],[[[-80.909954,24.781154],[-80.906288,24.769867],[-80.912042,24.76505],[-80.938543,24.767535],[-81.015933,24.719881],[-81.023794,24.716901],[-81.032447,24.727323],[-81.064554,24.715453],[-81.075855,24.704266],[-81.078439,24.692382],[-81.108041,24.688592],[-81.125371,24.708291],[-81.066816,24.723926],[-81.041797,24.742965],[-81.016918,24.734676],[-80.960129,24.764226],[-80.909954,24.781154]]],[[[-81.317673,24.75729],[-81.305468,24.756612],[-81.290801,24.736862],[-81.288259,24.720881],[-81.302984,24.714199],[-81.310744,24.727068],[-81.326844,24.728375],[-81.357417,24.756834],[-81.342695,24.75625],[-81.324637,24.76721],[-81.317673,24.75729]]],[[[-80.89054,24.791678],[-80.884572,24.791561],[-80.906874,24.783744],[-80.89054,24.791678]]],[[[-80.788263,24.824218],[-80.796053,24.81194],[-80.822342,24.812629],[-80.850338,24.8026],[-80.79278,24.843918],[-80.780564,24.84052],[-80.788263,24.824218]]],[[[-80.729275,24.865361],[-80.719977,24.864644],[-80.691762,24.885759],[-80.690354,24.881539],[-80.71185,24.863323],[-80.766966,24.836158],[-80.729275,24.865361]]],[[[-84.777208,29.707398],[-84.729836,29.738881],[-84.696726,29.76993],[-84.694939,29.761844],[-84.713747,29.74139],[-84.776954,29.692191],[-84.884632,29.652248],[-84.957779,29.612635],[-85.051033,29.586928],[-85.097082,29.625215],[-85.023501,29.597073],[-85.017205,29.604379],[-84.968314,29.617238],[-84.920333,29.648638],[-84.813352,29.687028],[-84.777208,29.707398]]],[[[-85.156415,29.679628],[-85.114268,29.688658],[-85.093902,29.684838],[-85.077237,29.670862],[-85.097218,29.633004],[-85.124913,29.628433],[-85.18453,29.663987],[-85.222546,29.678039],[-85.184776,29.68271],[-85.156415,29.679628]]],[[[-82.255777,26.703437],[-82.255159,26.70816],[-82.246535,26.706435],[-82.24251,26.694361],[-82.246535,26.683437],[-82.218342,26.626407],[-82.214337,26.602944],[-82.177541,26.502328],[-82.166042,26.489679],[-82.149368,26.477605],[-82.120046,26.473581],[-82.088423,26.455182],[-82.076924,26.466106],[-82.062551,26.470131],[-82.038403,26.456907],[-82.013913,26.452058],[-82.063114,26.425459],[-82.082915,26.422059],[-82.126671,26.436279],[-82.177017,26.471558],[-82.186441,26.489221],[-82.205523,26.566536],[-82.222131,26.590402],[-82.238872,26.636433],[-82.268007,26.682791],[-82.264351,26.698496],[-82.255777,26.703437]]],[[[-80.250581,25.34193],[-80.351399,25.190615],[-80.349855,25.168825],[-80.377084,25.130487],[-80.399767,25.108536],[-80.428318,25.095547],[-80.443375,25.076084],[-80.47387,25.060253],[-80.493881,25.038502],[-80.48912,25.031301],[-80.494781,25.023019],[-80.537995,24.990244],[-80.565831,24.958155],[-80.611693,24.93842],[-80.635571,24.913003],[-80.659395,24.897433],[-80.660198,24.90498],[-80.641306,24.914311],[-80.623866,24.931236],[-80.621658,24.944265],[-80.581131,24.964738],[-80.570813,24.962215],[-80.558785,24.971505],[-80.54411,24.999916],[-80.545971,25.01477],[-80.524498,25.016945],[-80.509136,25.028317],[-80.495569,25.047497],[-80.460652,25.078904],[-80.465496,25.086609],[-80.494715,25.102269],[-80.484188,25.10943],[-80.47748,25.107407],[-80.476174,25.099454],[-80.450399,25.088751],[-80.433575,25.106317],[-80.446473,25.151287],[-80.41326,25.137053],[-80.395467,25.150694],[-80.387164,25.170859],[-80.391909,25.19221],[-80.369965,25.206444],[-80.3498,25.210595],[-80.337345,25.231353],[-80.336159,25.261601],[-80.368186,25.282359],[-80.339421,25.290069],[-80.328746,25.28651],[-80.292567,25.314385],[-80.275961,25.344039],[-80.256982,25.361239],[-80.246307,25.398603],[-80.21428,25.416988],[-80.192336,25.473331],[-80.188778,25.50773],[-80.174544,25.518406],[-80.173951,25.482821],[-80.184033,25.468587],[-80.204198,25.412244],[-80.221991,25.397417],[-80.240376,25.347005],[-80.250581,25.34193]]],[[[-83.309455,30.634417],[-82.214839,30.568591],[-82.231916,30.55627],[-82.23582,30.537187],[-82.226933,30.510281],[-82.201416,30.485164],[-82.210291,30.42459],[-82.19294,30.378779],[-82.165192,30.358035],[-82.104834,30.368319],[-82.094687,30.360781],[-82.068533,30.359184],[-82.050069,30.362338],[-82.036825,30.377884],[-82.04199,30.403266],[-82.034005,30.422357],[-82.037209,30.434518],[-82.017779,30.475081],[-82.018361,30.531184],[-82.005477,30.563495],[-82.015708,30.601704],[-82.026941,30.606153],[-82.028499,30.621829],[-82.049507,30.655548],[-82.050432,30.676266],[-82.036426,30.706585],[-82.043795,30.729641],[-82.039634,30.747727],[-82.01266,30.761289],[-82.024035,30.783156],[-82.017051,30.791657],[-82.007865,30.792937],[-81.981273,30.776767],[-81.973856,30.778487],[-81.962534,30.796526],[-81.962175,30.818001],[-81.949787,30.827493],[-81.910926,30.815889],[-81.89572,30.821098],[-81.868608,30.792754],[-81.852626,30.794439],[-81.842058,30.78712],[-81.808529,30.790014],[-81.792769,30.784432],[-81.782653,30.769937],[-81.763372,30.77382],[-81.719927,30.744634],[-81.694778,30.748414],[-81.688925,30.741434],[-81.672824,30.738935],[-81.664598,30.746599],[-81.652123,30.742435],[-81.65177,30.732284],[-81.646137,30.727591],[-81.625098,30.733017],[-81.617663,30.722046],[-81.609495,30.720705],[-81.601206,30.728141],[-81.542675,30.713593],[-81.530531,30.722858],[-81.489537,30.7261],[-81.472597,30.713312],[-81.444124,30.709714],[-81.42742,30.69802],[-81.443099,30.600938],[-81.442564,30.555189],[-81.434064,30.522569],[-81.447087,30.503679],[-81.440108,30.497678],[-81.42601,30.496739],[-81.410809,30.482039],[-81.407008,30.42204],[-81.397422,30.400626],[-81.396407,30.34004],[-81.385505,30.273841],[-81.308978,29.96944],[-81.295268,29.928614],[-81.270442,29.883106],[-81.256711,29.784693],[-81.240924,29.739218],[-81.163581,29.55529],[-80.966176,29.14796],[-80.709725,28.756692],[-80.574868,28.585166],[-80.560973,28.530736],[-80.525094,28.459454],[-80.526732,28.451705],[-80.562877,28.437779],[-80.587813,28.410856],[-80.606874,28.336484],[-80.604214,28.257733],[-80.589975,28.17799],[-80.566432,28.09563],[-80.508871,27.970477],[-80.383695,27.740045],[-80.350553,27.628361],[-80.330956,27.597541],[-80.311757,27.524625],[-80.30117,27.500314],[-80.293171,27.500314],[-80.253665,27.37979],[-80.16147,27.192814],[-80.153375,27.169308],[-80.159554,27.163325],[-80.093909,27.018587],[-80.031362,26.796339],[-80.03212,26.77153],[-80.037462,26.76634],[-80.032862,26.700842],[-80.038863,26.569347],[-80.060564,26.444652],[-80.079865,26.264358],[-80.089365,26.231859],[-80.108995,26.088372],[-80.117778,25.986369],[-80.119684,25.841043],[-80.127987,25.772245],[-80.144,25.740812],[-80.154972,25.66549],[-80.160903,25.664897],[-80.176916,25.685062],[-80.166241,25.72895],[-80.184626,25.745557],[-80.197674,25.74437],[-80.240376,25.724206],[-80.267065,25.651849],[-80.296719,25.622195],[-80.305615,25.593134],[-80.302057,25.567632],[-80.313918,25.539164],[-80.328746,25.53264],[-80.339421,25.499427],[-80.337049,25.465621],[-80.328152,25.443084],[-80.320442,25.437153],[-80.326373,25.422919],[-80.32578,25.39801],[-80.306801,25.384369],[-80.31036,25.3731],[-80.335269,25.338701],[-80.374116,25.31735],[-80.418872,25.235532],[-80.495341,25.199463],[-80.569124,25.190117],[-80.669236,25.137837],[-80.777499,25.135047],[-80.82653,25.160478],[-80.838227,25.174791],[-80.858167,25.176576],[-80.899459,25.162337],[-80.900559,25.139755],[-80.970727,25.134084],[-80.999176,25.124222],[-81.049308,25.128322],[-81.079859,25.118797],[-81.141024,25.163868],[-81.146737,25.193139],[-81.171265,25.221609],[-81.16207,25.289833],[-81.148915,25.318067],[-81.151916,25.324766],[-81.140099,25.341117],[-81.12141,25.33875],[-81.117265,25.354953],[-81.128492,25.380511],[-81.150508,25.387255],[-81.146765,25.407577],[-81.168652,25.463848],[-81.208201,25.504937],[-81.204389,25.538908],[-81.209321,25.548611],[-81.225557,25.55847],[-81.240519,25.599041],[-81.240677,25.613629],[-81.253951,25.638181],[-81.290328,25.687506],[-81.328935,25.717233],[-81.346078,25.721473],[-81.343984,25.747668],[-81.361875,25.772715],[-81.340406,25.786631],[-81.352731,25.822015],[-81.386127,25.839906],[-81.394476,25.851834],[-81.417536,25.864954],[-81.441391,25.863761],[-81.458487,25.868929],[-81.473992,25.888411],[-81.508979,25.884037],[-81.511762,25.89676],[-81.527665,25.901531],[-81.584519,25.888808],[-81.644553,25.897953],[-81.663821,25.885605],[-81.678287,25.845301],[-81.68954,25.85271],[-81.713172,25.897568],[-81.727086,25.907207],[-81.73195,25.931506],[-81.749724,25.960463],[-81.747834,25.994273],[-81.762439,26.00607],[-81.801663,26.088227],[-81.820675,26.236735],[-81.833142,26.294518],[-81.868983,26.378648],[-81.91171,26.427158],[-81.964212,26.457957],[-81.969509,26.476505],[-82.008961,26.484052],[-82.01368,26.490829],[-82.00908,26.505203],[-82.024604,26.512677],[-82.043577,26.519577],[-82.06715,26.513252],[-82.07175,26.492554],[-82.105672,26.48393],[-82.111996,26.54085],[-82.137869,26.637441],[-82.181565,26.681712],[-82.17984,26.696661],[-82.173516,26.701836],[-82.139019,26.702986],[-82.125795,26.699536],[-82.106247,26.667339],[-82.099922,26.662739],[-82.093023,26.665614],[-82.084974,26.702411],[-82.066575,26.742657],[-82.061401,26.789228],[-82.055076,26.802452],[-82.059101,26.876621],[-82.090723,26.888694],[-82.093023,26.906518],[-82.090148,26.923191],[-82.061976,26.931241],[-82.063126,26.950214],[-82.076349,26.958263],[-82.107972,26.957688],[-82.117171,26.954239],[-82.137294,26.926066],[-82.162017,26.925491],[-82.175241,26.916867],[-82.156267,26.851898],[-82.147068,26.789803],[-82.151093,26.783479],[-82.172941,26.778879],[-82.17869,26.772555],[-82.221812,26.77198],[-82.232193,26.78288],[-82.251134,26.755881],[-82.259867,26.717398],[-82.269499,26.784674],[-82.289086,26.827784],[-82.351649,26.908384],[-82.445718,27.060634],[-82.477019,27.141231],[-82.539719,27.254326],[-82.569754,27.279452],[-82.569248,27.298588],[-82.597629,27.335754],[-82.642821,27.38972],[-82.691821,27.437218],[-82.714521,27.500415],[-82.745748,27.538834],[-82.708121,27.523514],[-82.710621,27.501715],[-82.706821,27.498415],[-82.686421,27.497215],[-82.683621,27.513115],[-82.674621,27.519614],[-82.65072,27.523115],[-82.632053,27.551908],[-82.612019,27.571231],[-82.611717,27.585283],[-82.584629,27.596021],[-82.570607,27.608882],[-82.558538,27.638678],[-82.514265,27.705588],[-82.494891,27.718963],[-82.477638,27.723004],[-82.482305,27.742649],[-82.434635,27.764355],[-82.418401,27.803187],[-82.402857,27.812671],[-82.393383,27.837519],[-82.402615,27.882602],[-82.413915,27.901401],[-82.451591,27.907506],[-82.460016,27.9116],[-82.462078,27.920066],[-82.478063,27.92768],[-82.491117,27.9145],[-82.488057,27.863566],[-82.46884,27.843295],[-82.47244,27.822559],[-82.511193,27.828015],[-82.553946,27.848462],[-82.552918,27.862702],[-82.538618,27.864901],[-82.529918,27.877501],[-82.542818,27.890601],[-82.531318,27.9039],[-82.533718,27.932999],[-82.553918,27.966998],[-82.576003,27.969424],[-82.62959,27.998474],[-82.678606,27.993715],[-82.684793,27.971824],[-82.720522,27.955798],[-82.724122,27.948098],[-82.720395,27.937199],[-82.710022,27.928299],[-82.691621,27.924899],[-82.685121,27.916299],[-82.628063,27.910397],[-82.63422,27.9037],[-82.63212,27.8911],[-82.61002,27.873501],[-82.567919,27.883701],[-82.566819,27.858002],[-82.598443,27.857582],[-82.586519,27.816703],[-82.622723,27.779868],[-82.63052,27.753905],[-82.62572,27.727006],[-82.63362,27.710607],[-82.652521,27.700307],[-82.677321,27.706207],[-82.679019,27.696054],[-82.713629,27.698661],[-82.718822,27.692007],[-82.721622,27.663908],[-82.712555,27.646647],[-82.698091,27.638858],[-82.705017,27.62531],[-82.733076,27.612972],[-82.739122,27.636909],[-82.738022,27.706807],[-82.746223,27.731306],[-82.760923,27.745205],[-82.783124,27.783804],[-82.828561,27.822254],[-82.846526,27.854301],[-82.851126,27.8863],[-82.840882,27.937162],[-82.831388,27.962117],[-82.824875,27.960201],[-82.821975,27.956868],[-82.838484,27.909111],[-82.832155,27.909242],[-82.805462,27.960201],[-82.792635,28.01116],[-82.792635,28.032307],[-82.782724,28.055894],[-82.781324,28.127591],[-82.790724,28.15249],[-82.808474,28.154803],[-82.805097,28.172181],[-82.797762,28.187789],[-82.762643,28.219013],[-82.764103,28.244345],[-82.759072,28.25402],[-82.746188,28.261192],[-82.732792,28.291933],[-82.73146,28.325075],[-82.706112,28.368057],[-82.706322,28.401325],[-82.697433,28.420166],[-82.684137,28.428019],[-82.674787,28.441956],[-82.680396,28.457194],[-82.665055,28.484434],[-82.669416,28.519879],[-82.656694,28.544814],[-82.66165,28.554143],[-82.654138,28.590837],[-82.664055,28.606584],[-82.674665,28.647588],[-82.668889,28.694302],[-82.712373,28.720921],[-82.698281,28.75701],[-82.730245,28.850155],[-82.688864,28.905609],[-82.702618,28.932955],[-82.723861,28.953506],[-82.735754,28.973709],[-82.737872,28.995703],[-82.758906,28.993277],[-82.764055,28.999707],[-82.753513,29.026496],[-82.759704,29.054192],[-82.783328,29.064619],[-82.780558,29.07358],[-82.816925,29.076215],[-82.823659,29.098902],[-82.801166,29.105103],[-82.799117,29.110647],[-82.805703,29.129848],[-82.804736,29.146624],[-82.827073,29.158425],[-82.974676,29.17091],[-82.991653,29.180664],[-83.018212,29.151417],[-83.019071,29.141324],[-83.030453,29.134023],[-83.053207,29.130839],[-83.056867,29.146263],[-83.068249,29.153135],[-83.061162,29.176113],[-83.087839,29.21642],[-83.074734,29.247975],[-83.077265,29.255331],[-83.089013,29.266502],[-83.107477,29.268889],[-83.128027,29.282733],[-83.169576,29.290355],[-83.17826,29.327916],[-83.175518,29.34469],[-83.200702,29.373855],[-83.202446,29.394422],[-83.218075,29.420492],[-83.240509,29.433178],[-83.272019,29.432256],[-83.294747,29.437923],[-83.311546,29.475666],[-83.33113,29.475594],[-83.356722,29.499901],[-83.370288,29.499901],[-83.379254,29.503558],[-83.383973,29.512995],[-83.400252,29.517242],[-83.405256,29.578319],[-83.39948,29.612956],[-83.414701,29.670536],[-83.436259,29.677389],[-83.455356,29.676444],[-83.483143,29.690478],[-83.483567,29.698542],[-83.493728,29.708388],[-83.537645,29.72306],[-83.566018,29.761434],[-83.584716,29.77608],[-83.585899,29.811754],[-83.595493,29.827984],[-83.618568,29.842336],[-83.63798,29.886073],[-83.679219,29.918513],[-83.788729,29.976982],[-83.82869,29.983187],[-83.845427,29.998068],[-83.93151,30.039068],[-83.931879,30.044175],[-83.991607,30.08392],[-84.000716,30.096209],[-84.024274,30.103271],[-84.06299,30.101378],[-84.083057,30.092286],[-84.10273,30.093611],[-84.11384,30.085478],[-84.124889,30.090601],[-84.167881,30.071422],[-84.179149,30.073187],[-84.19853,30.087937],[-84.237014,30.08556],[-84.247491,30.10114],[-84.256439,30.103791],[-84.272511,30.092358],[-84.270792,30.068094],[-84.277168,30.060263],[-84.297836,30.057451],[-84.315344,30.069492],[-84.358923,30.058224],[-84.365882,30.024588],[-84.361962,29.987739],[-84.3477,29.984123],[-84.343041,29.9751],[-84.333746,29.923721],[-84.343389,29.899539],[-84.349066,29.896812],[-84.378937,29.893112],[-84.423834,29.902996],[-84.443652,29.913785],[-84.451705,29.929085],[-84.494562,29.913957],[-84.511996,29.916574],[-84.535873,29.910092],[-84.603303,29.876117],[-84.647958,29.847104],[-84.65645,29.834277],[-84.692053,29.829059],[-84.755595,29.78854],[-84.868271,29.742454],[-84.881777,29.733882],[-84.888031,29.722406],[-84.901781,29.735723],[-84.877111,29.772888],[-84.893992,29.785176],[-84.90413,29.786279],[-84.91511,29.783303],[-84.93837,29.750211],[-84.964007,29.742422],[-84.968841,29.72708],[-84.993264,29.714961],[-85.037212,29.711074],[-85.072123,29.719027],[-85.121473,29.715854],[-85.177284,29.700193],[-85.22745,29.693633],[-85.259719,29.681296],[-85.319215,29.681494],[-85.343619,29.672004],[-85.347711,29.66719],[-85.344768,29.654793],[-85.380303,29.698485],[-85.397871,29.740498],[-85.413983,29.799865],[-85.417971,29.828855],[-85.413575,29.85294],[-85.405815,29.865817],[-85.392469,29.870914],[-85.405011,29.830151],[-85.405907,29.80193],[-85.37796,29.709621],[-85.353885,29.684765],[-85.317661,29.691286],[-85.31139,29.697557],[-85.302591,29.808094],[-85.31142,29.814373],[-85.317464,29.838894],[-85.336654,29.849295],[-85.363731,29.898915],[-85.405052,29.938487],[-85.425956,29.949888],[-85.487764,29.961227],[-85.509148,29.971466],[-85.571907,30.02644],[-85.588242,30.055543],[-85.601178,30.056342],[-85.69681,30.09689],[-85.775405,30.15629],[-85.9226,30.238024],[-86.089963,30.303569],[-86.222561,30.343585],[-86.2987,30.363049],[-86.412076,30.380346],[-86.50615,30.3823],[-86.632953,30.396299],[-86.750906,30.391881],[-86.909679,30.372423],[-87.206254,30.320943],[-87.267827,30.31548],[-87.295422,30.323503],[-87.518324,30.280435],[-87.452378,30.300201],[-87.450078,30.3111],[-87.50278,30.307301],[-87.504701,30.324039],[-87.49998,30.328957],[-87.459978,30.3363],[-87.452278,30.344099],[-87.451878,30.364999],[-87.438678,30.380798],[-87.440678,30.391498],[-87.429578,30.406498],[-87.403477,30.410198],[-87.366591,30.436648],[-87.370768,30.446865],[-87.399877,30.450997],[-87.425078,30.465596],[-87.434678,30.479196],[-87.431178,30.495795],[-87.447702,30.510458],[-87.446586,30.527068],[-87.43544,30.54914],[-87.418647,30.561837],[-87.406558,30.599928],[-87.397308,30.608728],[-87.393588,30.63088],[-87.397262,30.654351],[-87.406958,30.675165],[-87.449362,30.698913],[-87.466338,30.700835],[-87.481225,30.716508],[-87.502317,30.72159],[-87.511729,30.733535],[-87.532607,30.743489],[-87.545044,30.778666],[-87.581869,30.812403],[-87.600486,30.820627],[-87.605776,30.831304],[-87.615923,30.834693],[-87.634938,30.865886],[-87.592055,30.951492],[-87.589187,30.964464],[-87.599172,30.995722],[-87.571281,30.99787],[-85.998643,30.99287],[-85.002368,31.000682],[-85.004026,30.973468],[-84.980127,30.961286],[-84.983627,30.936986],[-84.971026,30.928187],[-84.936828,30.884683],[-84.935256,30.854328],[-84.928335,30.844263],[-84.936042,30.820671],[-84.928323,30.79309],[-84.918023,30.77809],[-84.920123,30.76599],[-84.914322,30.753591],[-84.896122,30.750591],[-84.864693,30.711542],[-83.309455,30.634417]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Florida\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db682e3a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knowles, Leel Jr.","contributorId":14857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Leel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Reilly, A. M.","contributorId":71219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phelps, G. G.","contributorId":82346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradner, L. A.","contributorId":21925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradner","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28229,"text":"wri954024 - 1995 - Ground-water quality in agricultural areas, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota, 1984-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:07:04","indexId":"wri954024","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4024","title":"Ground-water quality in agricultural areas, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota, 1984-90","docAbstract":"Ground-water quality in the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer was studied as part of the multiscale Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA) study by collecting water samples from shallow wells during August through November 1990. The sampling was conducted to: (1) aid in selection of the MSEA research area; (2) facilitate comparison of results at the MSEA research area to the regional scale; and (3) evaluate changes in ground-water quality in the Anoka Sand Plain aquifer since a previous study during 1984 through 1987. Samples were collected from 34 wells screened in the upper 6 meters of the surficial aquifer and located in cultivated agricultural areas. Water temperature, pH, specific conductance, and presence or absence of triazine herbicides were determined at all sites and samples from selected wells were analyzed for concentrations of dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, major cations and anions, nutrients, and selected herbicides and herbicide metabolites. The results of the study indicate that the water-quality of some shallow ground water in areas of predominantly agricultural land use has been affected by applications of nitrogen fertilizers and the herbicide atrazine.
\nConcentrations of nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N) in 19 samples ranged from less than the detection limit of 0.1 to 21 milligrams per liter (mg/L) with a median of 10 mg/L. Concentrations of nitrate-N were not significantly correlated with depth below the water table or dissolved oxygen but were significantly correlated with concentrations of chloride. Concentrations of nitrate-N during 1990 were generally similar to concentrations measured during 1984 through 1987. Changes in concentrations of nitrate-N during 1984 through 1990 were likely related to variations in recharge or other site-specific factors.
\nImmunoassay analyses were used as screening tools to detect the presence of triazine herbicides. All samples in which triazine herbicides were detected by immunoassay, and selected samples in which triazine herbicides were not detected by immunoassay, were analyzed for selected herbicides and herbicide metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). There was an excellent correspondence between concentrations of triazine herbicides indicated by immunoassay and concentrations of atrazine measured by GC/MS, indicating that the immunoassay method was a valuable qualitative to semi-quantitative tool for evaluating the presence and approximate concentration of atrazine.
\nThe combined results of immunoassay and GC/MS analyses indicate that atrazine was detected in 11 of the 34 wells with a median concentration less than the immunoassay detection limit of 0.1 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Atrazine was detected in 11 of the 17 samples analyzed by GC/MS at concentrations ranging from the detection limit of 0.05 to 0.81 μg/L with a median of 0.09 μg/L. Atrazine metabolite de-ethylatrazine (DEA) was the most frequently detected herbicide or herbicide metabolite and generally was present at the greatest concentrations. There were detections of DEA in 13 of the 17 samples analyzed at concentrations ranging from the detection limit of 0.05 to 1.12 μg/L with a median of 0.15 μg/L. Concentrations of DEA were significantly correlated with concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and specific conductance. The atrazine metabolite de-isopropylatrazine and the herbicide metolachlor both were detected in 1 of the 17 wells. The frequency of detection and the concentrations of atrazine in shallow ground water during 1990 were very similar to results of sampling conducted in 1984.
\nConcentrations of atrazine and DEA generally were greater near the water table and decreased or were not detected in deeper wells. All of the samples in which atrazine and DEA were detected also had increased (greater than 3 mg/L) nitrate-N concentrations. However, not all samples with increased concentrations of nitrate-N had detections of atrazine or DEA. This likely indicates either that there were sources of nitrate-N other than cultivated fields on which both atrazine and nitrogen were applied or that nitrate-N reached ground water more readily than atrazine or DEA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri954024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Minnesota Department of Soil Science and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service","usgsCitation":"Landon, M., and Delin, G., 1995, Ground-water quality in agricultural areas, Anoka Sand Plain Aquifer, east-central Minnesota, 1984-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4024, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954024.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57060,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Anoka Sand Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.11712646484375, 45.80487122128867 ], [ -94.3121337890625, 45.80104178221643 ], [ -94.31625366210936, 45.78093290857323 ], [ -94.31625366210936, 45.766564985445 ], [ -94.35195922851562, 45.74548533557156 ], [ -94.39178466796875, 45.744526980468436 ], [ -94.41787719726561, 45.72823242650626 ], [ -94.43023681640625, 45.69946573221641 ], [ -94.45083618164062, 45.67548217560647 ], [ -94.48791503906249, 45.65724779513408 ], [ -94.51126098632811, 45.61980072095501 ], [ -94.48516845703125, 45.61115553441939 ], [ -94.449462890625, 45.616919140196046 ], [ -94.42611694335938, 45.60539133629575 ], [ -94.37805175781249, 45.593861162997335 ], [ -94.3560791015625, 45.58136746810096 ], [ -94.39453125, 45.553486897157995 ], [ -94.39453125, 45.52847875806646 ], [ -94.39041137695312, 45.511158914823035 ], [ -94.39041137695312, 45.4947963896697 ], [ -94.40689086914062, 45.48420633926945 ], [ -94.42886352539062, 45.471688258104614 ], [ -94.44808959960936, 45.453387598510474 ], [ -94.45770263671875, 45.43893551313961 ], [ -94.449462890625, 45.42833496400944 ], [ -94.42611694335938, 45.44278976460039 ], [ -94.4000244140625, 45.4553142634779 ], [ -94.3560791015625, 45.45435093922207 ], [ -94.3560791015625, 45.43411732855592 ], [ -94.36019897460938, 45.42062422307843 ], [ -94.36843872070312, 45.403271205260644 ], [ -94.37118530273438, 45.3868773482704 ], [ -94.37805175781249, 45.369513963007414 ], [ -94.3670654296875, 45.34538930478674 ], [ -94.36019897460938, 45.335736561593784 ], [ -94.35745239257812, 45.322219956396964 ], [ -94.33822631835938, 45.30676845797069 ], [ -94.30389404296875, 45.30580259943578 ], [ -94.29840087890625, 45.28744816045666 ], [ -94.28878784179688, 45.26135531683856 ], [ -94.26406860351562, 45.2574886900362 ], [ -94.23385620117188, 45.27102073184515 ], [ -94.19952392578124, 45.28744816045666 ], [ -94.17068481445312, 45.295177069395706 ], [ -94.1748046875, 45.310631727541534 ], [ -94.15969848632811, 45.336701909968106 ], [ -94.13909912109375, 45.35890038054416 ], [ -94.11849975585938, 45.38591285563495 ], [ -94.10476684570312, 45.398449976304086 ], [ -94.0704345703125, 45.40230699238177 ], [ -94.05807495117188, 45.39169956460275 ], [ -94.0594482421875, 45.37337295384522 ], [ -94.06631469726561, 45.3569704243434 ], [ -94.05670166015625, 45.3444241045224 ], [ -94.04159545898438, 45.3617951914213 ], [ -94.031982421875, 45.37144349133922 ], [ -94.01412963867188, 45.38012555423912 ], [ -93.98529052734375, 45.37530235052552 ], [ -93.97842407226562, 45.35214524585177 ], [ -93.96194458007812, 45.322219956396964 ], [ -93.96194458007812, 45.29324494090279 ], [ -93.93585205078125, 45.27778554315251 ], [ -93.90838623046875, 45.25265503624703 ], [ -93.89328002929688, 45.22751340428297 ], [ -93.87954711914061, 45.21493841637806 ], [ -93.8726806640625, 45.20429586962517 ], [ -93.8397216796875, 45.225578971789766 ], [ -93.81637573242188, 45.24105258851866 ], [ -93.7847900390625, 45.25458854713424 ], [ -93.75045776367188, 45.269087780500755 ], [ -93.71475219726562, 45.28648197278284 ], [ -93.68316650390625, 45.28648197278284 ], [ -93.64059448242188, 45.27875187893957 ], [ -93.603515625, 45.2623219323963 ], [ -93.57467651367188, 45.24395342262324 ], [ -93.56643676757812, 45.229447770946926 ], [ -93.55133056640625, 45.213003555993964 ], [ -93.53347778320312, 45.19171574701543 ], [ -93.50326538085938, 45.17913284309501 ], [ -93.49090576171875, 45.18397275067566 ], [ -93.44970703125, 45.16945179362033 ], [ -93.43460083007811, 45.15202175726355 ], [ -93.42498779296875, 45.13846137581871 ], [ -93.42636108398438, 45.12199086176226 ], [ -93.42910766601562, 45.11423838585088 ], [ -93.41262817382812, 45.11326925230233 ], [ -93.394775390625, 45.09873027414909 ], [ -93.37142944335938, 45.08127861241874 ], [ -93.34259033203125, 45.06770141120143 ], [ -93.32748413085938, 45.06091160094602 ], [ -93.30963134765625, 45.047329561139506 ], [ -93.26980590820312, 45.04053733158769 ], [ -93.24920654296875, 45.058001435398296 ], [ -93.20388793945312, 45.072550781936116 ], [ -93.17092895507812, 45.090005109822684 ], [ -93.15994262695312, 45.11326925230233 ], [ -93.14620971679686, 45.125866704733575 ], [ -93.10775756835936, 45.14717913418674 ], [ -93.07617187499999, 45.15299023250611 ], [ -93.06106567382811, 45.1830048020745 ], [ -93.05282592773436, 45.20236064717846 ], [ -93.03771972656249, 45.22170990931555 ], [ -93.02398681640625, 45.24201954967743 ], [ -92.999267578125, 45.24975464648731 ], [ -92.97866821289062, 45.25072145953108 ], [ -92.95669555664062, 45.269087780500755 ], [ -92.9718017578125, 45.30097305990777 ], [ -92.97317504882812, 45.32028874948921 ], [ -92.94845581054688, 45.335736561593784 ], [ -92.92922973632812, 45.3627600954673 ], [ -92.90451049804686, 45.39555704145536 ], [ -92.8948974609375, 45.403271205260644 ], [ -92.87979125976562, 45.4186963732853 ], [ -92.8564453125, 45.43700828867389 ], [ -92.8399658203125, 45.43508099838452 ], [ -92.80014038085938, 45.44278976460039 ], [ -92.77679443359375, 45.45627757127799 ], [ -92.77679443359375, 45.471688258104614 ], [ -92.81387329101562, 45.47072521359533 ], [ -92.84957885742188, 45.46205707250824 ], [ -92.89077758789062, 45.460130637921004 ], [ -92.91961669921875, 45.46302026511832 ], [ -92.94296264648438, 45.499609390726846 ], [ -92.94021606445312, 45.51500822962093 ], [ -92.98553466796875, 45.51693278828882 ], [ -92.99240112304688, 45.49287107405929 ], [ -93.00338745117188, 45.474577292898964 ], [ -93.03634643554688, 45.46687287100197 ], [ -93.0487060546875, 45.47650323381732 ], [ -93.0706787109375, 45.468799075209894 ], [ -93.1036376953125, 45.463983441272745 ], [ -93.12423706054688, 45.44086267178177 ], [ -93.16131591796875, 45.4379719091347 ], [ -93.19976806640625, 45.42833496400944 ], [ -93.21624755859374, 45.4476072086695 ], [ -93.20938110351561, 45.48324350868221 ], [ -93.1915283203125, 45.497684239670036 ], [ -93.16131591796875, 45.51308360513238 ], [ -93.14346313476562, 45.53040285599187 ], [ -93.13385009765625, 45.54386969851347 ], [ -93.10226440429688, 45.563102450326866 ], [ -93.08578491210938, 45.57944511437787 ], [ -93.0816650390625, 45.60346980528809 ], [ -93.07891845703125, 45.61499800408666 ], [ -93.06930541992188, 45.65052836822275 ], [ -93.08990478515625, 45.655328041141374 ], [ -93.12149047851562, 45.65820764745017 ], [ -93.1146240234375, 45.68123916702059 ], [ -93.11050415039062, 45.69850658738848 ], [ -93.07754516601562, 45.7176863579072 ], [ -93.11050415039062, 45.719603972998634 ], [ -93.14071655273438, 45.70713829853578 ], [ -93.14895629882812, 45.693710616454496 ], [ -93.14895629882812, 45.67260345778067 ], [ -93.14208984375, 45.65628792636447 ], [ -93.1585693359375, 45.64380813508572 ], [ -93.1915283203125, 45.644768217751924 ], [ -93.24371337890625, 45.645728283964466 ], [ -93.30001831054688, 45.65052836822275 ], [ -93.3123779296875, 45.63516665067313 ], [ -93.3453369140625, 45.618840210489346 ], [ -93.36044311523438, 45.615958580368364 ], [ -93.3892822265625, 45.60154820846373 ], [ -93.40850830078125, 45.577522694836915 ], [ -93.43185424804688, 45.556371735883125 ], [ -93.46206665039062, 45.55252525134013 ], [ -93.49639892578125, 45.556371735883125 ], [ -93.52249145507812, 45.56021795715051 ], [ -93.54721069335938, 45.56021795715051 ], [ -93.57192993164062, 45.55156358906749 ], [ -93.62411499023438, 45.553486897157995 ], [ -93.67218017578125, 45.54483149242463 ], [ -93.70101928710938, 45.539060482134495 ], [ -93.73397827148438, 45.52944081525666 ], [ -93.75732421875, 45.51885728113613 ], [ -93.79989624023438, 45.51308360513238 ], [ -93.82049560546875, 45.525592487765635 ], [ -93.8287353515625, 45.54194606132654 ], [ -93.84521484375, 45.56214096905609 ], [ -93.85208129882812, 45.57079370812673 ], [ -93.834228515625, 45.58136746810096 ], [ -93.81500244140625, 45.59578302308946 ], [ -93.8397216796875, 45.612116176517304 ], [ -93.87405395507812, 45.59290020826985 ], [ -93.89465332031249, 45.57367765830108 ], [ -93.92623901367186, 45.58521197809401 ], [ -93.97018432617188, 45.60250901510302 ], [ -94.02236938476562, 45.60539133629575 ], [ -94.02786254882811, 45.63132556313632 ], [ -94.03472900390625, 45.65436813946473 ], [ -94.0594482421875, 45.65820764745017 ], [ -94.05532836914062, 45.63420640346962 ], [ -94.053955078125, 45.613076802161146 ], [ -94.06631469726561, 45.6073128014868 ], [ -94.11712646484375, 45.6073128014868 ], [ -94.14596557617188, 45.6082735094011 ], [ -94.1693115234375, 45.627484212338246 ], [ -94.17617797851561, 45.64668833372338 ], [ -94.130859375, 45.678360745353004 ], [ -94.11026000976562, 45.70713829853578 ], [ -94.10751342773438, 45.72823242650626 ], [ -94.11026000976562, 45.766564985445 ], [ -94.11575317382812, 45.77997516219392 ], [ -94.11712646484375, 45.80487122128867 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69792d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landon, M.K. 0000-0002-5766-0494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":69572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"M.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, G. N.","contributorId":12834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"G. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29525,"text":"wri954081 - 1995 - Spatial and seasonal variability in water quality of Devils Lake, North Dakota, September 1988 through October 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:06:19","indexId":"wri954081","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4081","title":"Spatial and seasonal variability in water quality of Devils Lake, North Dakota, September 1988 through October 1990","docAbstract":"Devils Lake, in northeastern North Dakota, is a closed-basin lake characterized by large fluctuations in water level and in concentrations of dissolved chemical constituents. A study was conducted to assess spatial and seasonal variability in water-quality conditions in Devils Lake during September 1988 through October 1990.
Specific conductance, which generally increased from west to east in Devils Lake and East Devils Lake, ranged from 3,580 to 20,100 microsiemens per centimeter. pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen generally were similar among sites. Devils Lake generally does not undergo thermal stratification during open-water periods but does undergo inverse thermal stratification in the winter. Vertical variability of water-column properties during open-water periods generally was small, but near-bottom dissolved oxygen was less than near-surface dissolved oxygen during summer sampling periods. The potential exists for establishment of near-bottom anoxia during the summer and during the winter.
Concentrations of all major ions generally increased eastward through Devils Lake and East Devils Lake, but sodium, sulfate, and chloride were enriched relative to the other major ions.
Dissolved-solids concentrations varied both spatially and seasonally. Median dissolvedsolids concentrations generally increased from west to east. Dissolved-solids concentrations generally were largest in the winter when ions were concentrated because of ice formation and smallest in the spring when water was diluted because of icemelt, surface-water inflow, and seasonal precipitation. Dissolved-solids concentrations generally increased in the summer and fall when evaporation exceeded surface-water inflow and precipitation. Although the dissolvedsolids concentration of Devils Lake generally fluctuates inversely with water level, the dissolvedsolids mass generally fluctuates directly with water level. During periods of extremely low water levels, dissolved solids may be lost from Devils Lake.
Concentrations of nutrients in the euphoric zone varied spatially and seasonally. Dissolved nitrite and dissolved nitrite plus nitrate concentrations generally were below the detection limit of 0.10 milligram per liter. Total ammonia and dissolved ammonia concentrations generally were below 0.10 milligram per liter, except during winter sampling periods. Total nitrogen concentrations were extremely large and generally were similar to concentrations reported for hypereutrophic systems. Total nitrogen concentrations commonly were between 1.0 and 8.6 milligrams per liter. Total ammonia, dissolved ammonia, and total nitrogen concentrations generally were larger at shallower sampling sites than at deeper sampling sites; sediment-water interactions may influence concentrations of nitrogen species. The ratio of sediment surface area to lake volume for a given part of the lake may partly explain spatial variability in concentrations of nitrogen species.
Total nitrogen concentrations generally were smallest in the fall, increased in the winter, remained the same or decreased slightly in the spring, and increased again in the summer. Phosphorus concentrations generally were smallest in the fall, increased in the winter, decreased in the spring, and increased again in the summer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954081","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., and Lent, R.M., 1995, Spatial and seasonal variability in water quality of Devils Lake, North Dakota, September 1988 through October 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4081, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954081.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4081/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58365,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4081/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sando, Steven K. 0000-0003-1206-1030 sksando@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1206-1030","contributorId":1016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sando","given":"Steven","email":"sksando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":23435,"text":"ofr95742 - 1995 - The strategy for improving water-quality monitoring in the United States; final report of the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality; technical appendices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr95742","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-742","title":"The strategy for improving water-quality monitoring in the United States; final report of the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality; technical appendices","docAbstract":"The Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality (ITFM) prepared this report in collaboration with representatives of all levels of government and the private sector. The report recommends a strategy for nationwide water-quality monitoring and technical monitoring improvements to support sound water-quality decisionmaking. The strategy is intended to achieve a better return on public and private investments in monitoring, environmental protection, and natural resources management. It is also designed to expand the base of information useful to a variety of users at multiple geographic scales. Institutional and technical changes are needed to improve water-quality monitoring and to meet the full range of monitoring requirements. Monitoring must be incorporated as a critical element of program planning, implementation, and evaluation. The strategy includes recommendations in many key elements, such as the development of goal-oriented monitoring and indicators, institutional collaboration, and methods comparability. Initial actions have been taken to implement the strategy. Several Federal agencies have jointly purchased and shared remotely sensed land-cover information needed for water assessment. Major agency data systems are using common data-element names and reference tables that will ensure easy sharing of data. A number of States have held meetings with collectors of water information to initiate statewide monitoring strategies. New monitoring guidance has been developed for Federal water-quality grants to States. Many State offices have changed monitoring programs to place emphasis on priority watersheds and to improve assessment of water quality. As the competition increases for adequate supplies of clean water, concerns about public health and the environment escalate, and more demands are placed on the water information infrastructure. To meet these demands, the collaborative approach has already produced benefits, which will continue to grow as the recommendations are implemented","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95742","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, 1995, The strategy for improving water-quality monitoring in the United States; final report of the Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality; technical appendices: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-742, iii, 146 p. p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +Technical appendixes (iii, 117 p. : ill.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95742.","productDescription":"iii, 146 p. p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +Technical appendixes (iii, 117 p. : ill.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1765,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr95742","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0742/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52757,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0742/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality","contributorId":128116,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality","id":529133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25905,"text":"wri954018 - 1995 - Background concentrations of metals in soils from selected regions in the State of Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-09T19:36:21.997231","indexId":"wri954018","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4018","title":"Background concentrations of metals in soils from selected regions in the State of Washington","docAbstract":"Soil samples from 60 sites in the State of Washington were collected and analyzed to determine the magnitude and variability of background concen- trations of metals in soils of the State. Samples were collected in areas that were relatively undisturbed by human activity from the most pre- dominant soils in 12 different regions that are representative of large areas of Washington State. Concentrations of metals were determined by five different laboratory methods. Concentrations of mercury and nickel determined by both the total and total-recoverable methods displayed the greatest variability, followed by chromium and copper determined by the total-recoverable method. Concentrations of other metals, such as aluminum and barium determined by the total method, varied less. Most metals concentrations were found to be more nearly log-normally than normally distributed. Total metals concentrations were not significantly different among the different regions. However, total-recoverable metals concentrations were not as similar among different regions. Cluster analysis revealed that sampling sites in three regions encompassing the Puget Sound could be regrouped to form two new regions and sites in three regions in south-central and southeastern Washington State could also be regrouped into two new regions. Concentrations for 7 of 11 total-recoverable metals correlated with total metals concentrations. Concen- trations of six total metals also correlated positively with organic carbon. Total-recoverable metals concentrations did not correlate with either organic carbon or particle size. Concentrations of metals determined by the leaching methods did not correlate with total or total-recoverable metals concentrations, nor did they correlate with organic carbon or particle size.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954018","usgsCitation":"Ames, K.C., and Prych, E., 1995, Background concentrations of metals in soils from selected regions in the State of Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4018, v, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954018.","productDescription":"v, 103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411572,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48136.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4018/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.551793,48.281512],[-122.584086,48.297987],[-122.618466,48.294159],[-122.626757,48.288991],[-122.620748,48.282961],[-122.623779,48.269431],[-122.652639,48.265081],[-122.66921,48.240614],[-122.668385,48.223967],[-122.628352,48.222467],[-122.606406,48.208262],[-122.588138,48.18594],[-122.558205,48.119579],[-122.571853,48.102143],[-122.54512,48.05255],[-122.513994,48.059077],[-122.511081,48.075301],[-122.525422,48.096537],[-122.513276,48.097538],[-122.491104,48.094242],[-122.431266,48.045001],[-122.376259,48.034457],[-122.373263,48.000791],[-122.353611,47.981433],[-122.349597,47.958796],[-122.358812,47.93742],[-122.376837,47.923703],[-122.380497,47.904023],[-122.397349,47.912401],[-122.431035,47.914732],[-122.445519,47.930226],[-122.44076,47.951845],[-122.446682,47.963155],[-122.47266,47.988449],[-122.501257,47.987089],[-122.521219,47.972997],[-122.546824,47.967215],[-122.552053,47.973644],[-122.542924,47.996404],[-122.58178,48.010386],[-122.607342,48.030992],[-122.593621,48.0472],[-122.594922,48.056318],[-122.614028,48.072788],[-122.598301,48.110616],[-122.609568,48.15186],[-122.633167,48.163281],[-122.677337,48.154587],[-122.693084,48.181509],[-122.763042,48.215342],[-122.770045,48.224395],[-122.752563,48.260061],[-122.732022,48.279425],[-122.72259,48.304268],[-122.673731,48.354683],[-122.664928,48.374823],[-122.664659,48.401508],[-122.634991,48.404244],[-122.63582,48.395128],[-122.609715,48.411565],[-122.60198,48.409907],[-122.595351,48.3972],[-122.585038,48.395166],[-122.585162,48.353304],[-122.551334,48.342138],[-122.506568,48.310041],[-122.505828,48.297677],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.474684,47.511068],[-122.452399,47.503471],[-122.460027,47.48686],[-122.433385,47.46643],[-122.439415,47.458633],[-122.437656,47.407424],[-122.395054,47.399277],[-122.373628,47.388718],[-122.437809,47.365606],[-122.453997,47.343337],[-122.469702,47.344623],[-122.493122,47.330253],[-122.51885,47.33332],[-122.528128,47.345542],[-122.517797,47.368678],[-122.526733,47.398581],[-122.514703,47.414048],[-122.513328,47.449106],[-122.497862,47.475915],[-122.482739,47.483133],[-122.474684,47.511068]]],[[[-122.695907,48.737273],[-122.663259,48.697077],[-122.644901,48.691389],[-122.618225,48.670721],[-122.609576,48.645018],[-122.635299,48.651846],[-122.673538,48.680809],[-122.691795,48.711498],[-122.718833,48.716818],[-122.722262,48.731624],[-122.715709,48.748672],[-122.695907,48.737273]]],[[[-123.035393,49.002154],[-123.021459,48.977299],[-123.028091,48.973943],[-123.083834,48.976139],[-123.090546,49.001976],[-123.035393,49.002154]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.804869,48.595932],[-122.801096,48.585425],[-122.770349,48.558106],[-122.788503,48.530393],[-122.787347,48.523012],[-122.777467,48.517799],[-122.779124,48.508911],[-122.817912,48.483888],[-122.81973,48.458843],[-122.803521,48.428748],[-122.812208,48.422326],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-122.893646,48.422655],[-122.889016,48.435947],[-122.913888,48.443231],[-122.928004,48.439966],[-122.91646,48.453263],[-122.926901,48.460874],[-122.962009,48.451161],[-123.039156,48.460003],[-123.067675,48.479497],[-123.119451,48.492576],[-123.141478,48.505291],[-123.163234,48.529544],[-123.16147,48.547618],[-123.176266,48.562131],[-123.173061,48.579086],[-123.184941,48.58697],[-123.197754,48.586216],[-123.203026,48.596178],[-123.178425,48.622115],[-123.107362,48.622451],[-123.098462,48.612834],[-123.101552,48.59782],[-123.074611,48.591816],[-123.048403,48.569216],[-123.015046,48.560821],[-122.987296,48.561895],[-122.98611,48.569984],[-122.995026,48.578162],[-123.016647,48.580244],[-123.034101,48.591767],[-123.023433,48.599477],[-123.04653,48.61149],[-123.048652,48.621002],[-123.023495,48.634001],[-123.009924,48.655064],[-122.949116,48.693398],[-122.942367,48.706723],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.833124,48.698173],[-122.800267,48.67962],[-122.743049,48.661991],[-122.755031,48.649512],[-122.792147,48.633502],[-122.809622,48.619035],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-123.197953,48.68466],[-123.186076,48.684917],[-123.14799,48.668001],[-123.106165,48.633473],[-123.134956,48.63724],[-123.215917,48.669352],[-123.237148,48.683466],[-123.236567,48.68895],[-123.212892,48.689713],[-123.197953,48.68466]]],[[[-123.025486,48.717966],[-123.007511,48.718863],[-123.005086,48.694342],[-123.021215,48.681416],[-123.042337,48.675663],[-123.03636,48.69008],[-123.070427,48.699971],[-123.040179,48.717296],[-123.025486,48.717966]]],[[[-122.649405,48.588457],[-122.610841,48.561146],[-122.578856,48.54813],[-122.572967,48.529028],[-122.599948,48.536904],[-122.635738,48.526021],[-122.649256,48.528769],[-122.654342,48.537956],[-122.649405,48.588457]]],[[[-122.714512,48.60878],[-122.694672,48.596602],[-122.670638,48.568812],[-122.68944,48.543903],[-122.722407,48.540606],[-122.73048,48.565602],[-122.73944,48.573893],[-122.739898,48.583949],[-122.714512,48.60878]]],[[[-122.699266,48.621115],[-122.674173,48.629944],[-122.657016,48.609891],[-122.676796,48.610055],[-122.699266,48.621115]]],[[[-122.334524,48.018916],[-122.321721,48.019977],[-122.303455,48.005603],[-122.326115,48.010295],[-122.334524,48.018916]]],[[[-122.418268,47.320614],[-122.324833,47.348521],[-122.328434,47.400621],[-122.348035,47.415921],[-122.355135,47.441921],[-122.383136,47.450521],[-122.368036,47.459221],[-122.361336,47.481421],[-122.396538,47.51522],[-122.398338,47.55012],[-122.421139,47.57602],[-122.387139,47.59572],[-122.370167,47.583087],[-122.342937,47.59122],[-122.339513,47.599113],[-122.344937,47.60912],[-122.367819,47.624213],[-122.414645,47.639766],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.393248,47.701602],[-122.38044,47.709119],[-122.37314,47.729219],[-122.382641,47.749119],[-122.380241,47.758519],[-122.396422,47.777927],[-122.394944,47.803318],[-122.33595,47.852306],[-122.328546,47.897917],[-122.311927,47.923703],[-122.307048,47.949117],[-122.249007,47.959507],[-122.230046,47.970917],[-122.226346,47.976417],[-122.232391,47.987713],[-122.224979,48.016626],[-122.231761,48.029876],[-122.281087,48.049793],[-122.326119,48.092877],[-122.343241,48.097631],[-122.363842,48.12393],[-122.370253,48.164809],[-122.362044,48.187568],[-122.372492,48.193022],[-122.395499,48.228551],[-122.433767,48.23655],[-122.449605,48.232598],[-122.45371,48.228859],[-122.449513,48.214736],[-122.441731,48.211776],[-122.45493,48.196639],[-122.478535,48.188087],[-122.479008,48.175703],[-122.442383,48.130841],[-122.379481,48.087384],[-122.358375,48.056133],[-122.377114,48.057568],[-122.400692,48.085255],[-122.4675,48.130353],[-122.489986,48.120617],[-122.512031,48.133931],[-122.53722,48.183745],[-122.538916,48.209683],[-122.530996,48.249821],[-122.503786,48.257045],[-122.480925,48.251706],[-122.463962,48.270541],[-122.406516,48.25183],[-122.395328,48.257187],[-122.392058,48.269628],[-122.371693,48.287839],[-122.408718,48.326413],[-122.442678,48.337934],[-122.475529,48.359912],[-122.507437,48.364666],[-122.533452,48.383409],[-122.539449,48.39719],[-122.554536,48.40604],[-122.558403,48.426758],[-122.551221,48.439465],[-122.557298,48.444438],[-122.575254,48.443333],[-122.581607,48.429244],[-122.61448,48.41488],[-122.649839,48.408526],[-122.674158,48.424726],[-122.678928,48.439466],[-122.654844,48.454087],[-122.657753,48.47294],[-122.664623,48.478128],[-122.689121,48.476849],[-122.700603,48.457632],[-122.712322,48.464143],[-122.712981,48.47879],[-122.701644,48.497622],[-122.684521,48.509123],[-122.671386,48.50398],[-122.606961,48.522152],[-122.599951,48.520946],[-122.598469,48.512169],[-122.568071,48.50821],[-122.537355,48.466749],[-122.500721,48.460887],[-122.471832,48.470724],[-122.46967,48.474975],[-122.483501,48.49243],[-122.485288,48.528106],[-122.498463,48.556206],[-122.504428,48.564775],[-122.531978,48.568644],[-122.534719,48.574246],[-122.495904,48.575927],[-122.478431,48.559303],[-122.44456,48.570115],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.448702,48.622624],[-122.46425,48.625717],[-122.500308,48.656163],[-122.519172,48.713095],[-122.495301,48.737328],[-122.490401,48.751128],[-122.510902,48.757728],[-122.535803,48.776128],[-122.567498,48.779185],[-122.596844,48.771492],[-122.637146,48.735708],[-122.626287,48.72093],[-122.612562,48.714932],[-122.605733,48.701066],[-122.615169,48.693839],[-122.630422,48.696625],[-122.673472,48.733082],[-122.647443,48.773998],[-122.646777,48.785011],[-122.693683,48.804475],[-122.699303,48.789063],[-122.709815,48.786205],[-122.709169,48.817829],[-122.717073,48.84719],[-122.793175,48.892927],[-122.751289,48.911239],[-122.746596,48.930731],[-122.766096,48.941955],[-122.787539,48.931702],[-122.821631,48.941369],[-122.817226,48.95597],[-122.774276,48.991038],[-122.756318,48.996881],[-122.75802,49.002357],[-121.751252,48.997399],[-117.032351,48.999188],[-117.042623,47.761223],[-117.039813,46.425425],[-117.034696,46.418318],[-117.046915,46.379577],[-117.062785,46.365287],[-117.062748,46.353624],[-117.055983,46.345531],[-117.023844,46.335976],[-117.020663,46.314793],[-116.986688,46.296662],[-116.991134,46.276342],[-116.966742,46.256923],[-116.955264,46.23088],[-116.965841,46.203417],[-116.92187,46.167808],[-116.950276,46.123464],[-116.955263,46.102237],[-116.976957,46.09667],[-116.982479,46.089389],[-116.978938,46.080007],[-116.957372,46.075449],[-116.942656,46.061],[-116.91718,45.996575],[-118.987129,45.999855],[-119.027056,45.969134],[-119.12612,45.932859],[-119.19553,45.92787],[-119.25715,45.939926],[-119.322509,45.933183],[-119.364396,45.921605],[-119.450256,45.917354],[-119.487829,45.906307],[-119.524632,45.908605],[-119.571584,45.925456],[-119.600549,45.919581],[-119.623393,45.905639],[-119.669877,45.856867],[-119.772927,45.845578],[-119.802655,45.84753],[-119.907461,45.828135],[-119.965744,45.824365],[-120.07015,45.785152],[-120.141352,45.773152],[-120.170453,45.761951],[-120.210754,45.725951],[-120.282156,45.72125],[-120.40396,45.699249],[-120.482362,45.694449],[-120.505863,45.700048],[-120.559465,45.738348],[-120.591166,45.746547],[-120.634968,45.745847],[-120.68937,45.715847],[-120.855674,45.671545],[-120.895575,45.642945],[-120.913476,45.640045],[-120.943977,45.656445],[-120.983478,45.648344],[-121.06437,45.652549],[-121.084933,45.647893],[-121.120064,45.623134],[-121.117052,45.618117],[-121.145534,45.607886],[-121.183841,45.606441],[-121.196556,45.616689],[-121.200367,45.649829],[-121.215779,45.671238],[-121.33777,45.704949],[-121.372574,45.703111],[-121.401739,45.692887],[-121.423592,45.69399],[-121.462849,45.701367],[-121.499153,45.720846],[-121.533106,45.726541],[-121.631167,45.704657],[-121.668362,45.705082],[-121.707358,45.694809],[-121.735104,45.694039],[-121.811304,45.706761],[-121.867167,45.693277],[-121.901855,45.670716],[-121.900858,45.662009],[-121.908267,45.654399],[-121.935149,45.644169],[-121.955734,45.643559],[-121.963547,45.632784],[-121.983038,45.622812],[-122.044374,45.609516],[-122.101675,45.583516],[-122.183695,45.577696],[-122.2017,45.564141],[-122.266701,45.543841],[-122.331502,45.548241],[-122.352802,45.569441],[-122.380302,45.575941],[-122.438674,45.563585],[-122.548149,45.596768],[-122.675008,45.618039],[-122.76381,45.657138],[-122.774511,45.680437],[-122.760108,45.734413],[-122.761451,45.759163],[-122.769532,45.780583],[-122.795605,45.81],[-122.785026,45.867699],[-122.81151,45.912725],[-122.806193,45.932416],[-122.813998,45.960984],[-122.837638,45.98082],[-122.856158,46.014469],[-122.878092,46.031281],[-122.884478,46.06028],[-122.904119,46.083734],[-122.962681,46.104817],[-123.004233,46.133823],[-123.041297,46.146351],[-123.115904,46.185268],[-123.166414,46.188973],[-123.280166,46.144843],[-123.371433,46.146372],[-123.430847,46.181827],[-123.427629,46.229348],[-123.474844,46.267831],[-123.501245,46.271004],[-123.547659,46.259109],[-123.547636,46.265595],[-123.613544,46.259988],[-123.669501,46.266832],[-123.679125,46.272502],[-123.680574,46.296025],[-123.700764,46.305278],[-123.724273,46.301161],[-123.727913,46.289661],[-123.741478,46.290274],[-123.766682,46.273499],[-123.806139,46.283588],[-123.875525,46.239787],[-123.919581,46.251217],[-123.954353,46.277001],[-123.974509,46.303063],[-124.001264,46.31326],[-124.020551,46.315737],[-124.029924,46.308312],[-124.044018,46.275925],[-124.060961,46.278761],[-124.080671,46.267239],[-124.064624,46.326899],[-124.057425,46.409315],[-124.057024,46.493338],[-124.068655,46.634879],[-124.062715,46.642582],[-124.048444,46.645827],[-124.035874,46.630822],[-124.052708,46.622796],[-124.050842,46.617421],[-124.023566,46.582559],[-124.031737,46.496375],[-124.026032,46.462978],[-123.990615,46.463019],[-123.99268,46.488617],[-123.983688,46.498542],[-123.968044,46.473497],[-123.943667,46.477197],[-123.921192,46.507731],[-123.896703,46.522665],[-123.894254,46.537028],[-123.920247,46.567343],[-123.928861,46.588875],[-123.955556,46.60357],[-123.960642,46.636364],[-123.921913,46.650262],[-123.923269,46.672708],[-123.851356,46.70256],[-123.84621,46.716795],[-123.87668,46.730657],[-123.898641,46.750205],[-123.916371,46.741322],[-123.91285,46.730647],[-123.916874,46.726739],[-123.948683,46.725369],[-123.968564,46.736106],[-123.974994,46.733391],[-123.979655,46.724658],[-123.966886,46.705184],[-123.994242,46.707929],[-124.003458,46.702337],[-124.063117,46.733664],[-124.092176,46.741624],[-124.108078,46.836388],[-124.138225,46.905534],[-124.110641,46.91252],[-124.093392,46.901168],[-124.089286,46.867716],[-124.073113,46.861493],[-124.055085,46.870429],[-124.046344,46.893972],[-124.01366,46.90363],[-123.985082,46.921916],[-123.957493,46.921261],[-123.86018,46.948556],[-123.898245,46.971927],[-123.939214,46.969739],[-123.959185,46.981759],[-124.012218,46.985176],[-124.019727,46.991189],[-124.005248,47.003915],[-124.017035,47.011717],[-124.026345,47.030187],[-124.065856,47.04114],[-124.122057,47.04165],[-124.141517,47.035142],[-124.151288,47.021112],[-124.138035,46.970959],[-124.124386,46.94387],[-124.180111,46.926357],[-124.169113,46.994508],[-124.182802,47.134041],[-124.236349,47.287287],[-124.25359,47.30248],[-124.271193,47.305025],[-124.299943,47.34836],[-124.319379,47.355559],[-124.336724,47.415996],[-124.355955,47.545698],[-124.382215,47.632302],[-124.412106,47.691199],[-124.425195,47.738434],[-124.453927,47.765334],[-124.47657,47.769671],[-124.489737,47.816988],[-124.539927,47.836967],[-124.562363,47.866216],[-124.625512,47.887963],[-124.645442,47.935338],[-124.672427,47.964414],[-124.67083,47.982366],[-124.682157,48.035987],[-124.696542,48.069274],[-124.695114,48.087096],[-124.687101,48.098657],[-124.733174,48.163393],[-124.731746,48.169997],[-124.704153,48.184422],[-124.696111,48.198599],[-124.690389,48.219745],[-124.705031,48.238774],[-124.684677,48.255228],[-124.676319,48.295143],[-124.665908,48.299324],[-124.65894,48.331057],[-124.670072,48.341341],[-124.696703,48.349748],[-124.727022,48.371101],[-124.731828,48.381157],[-124.716947,48.389776],[-124.653243,48.390691],[-124.631108,48.376522],[-124.599278,48.381035],[-124.395593,48.288772],[-124.361351,48.287582],[-124.272017,48.25441],[-124.250882,48.264773],[-124.238582,48.262471],[-124.101773,48.216883],[-124.107215,48.200082],[-124.050734,48.177747],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-123.880068,48.160621],[-123.858821,48.154273],[-123.778122,48.155466],[-123.728736,48.1628],[-123.71835,48.158713],[-123.702743,48.166783],[-123.651408,48.156952],[-123.628819,48.139279],[-123.590839,48.134949],[-123.551131,48.151382],[-123.507235,48.131807],[-123.440128,48.142014],[-123.441972,48.124259],[-123.424668,48.118065],[-123.332699,48.11297],[-123.288265,48.121036],[-123.239129,48.118217],[-123.21719,48.127203],[-123.1644,48.165894],[-123.133445,48.177276],[-123.143229,48.156633],[-123.116479,48.150208],[-123.085154,48.127137],[-123.06621,48.120469],[-123.038727,48.081138],[-122.979413,48.09594],[-122.929095,48.096244],[-122.917942,48.091535],[-122.927975,48.06665],[-122.918602,48.058238],[-122.877641,48.047025],[-122.849273,48.053808],[-122.857727,48.065774],[-122.878255,48.076072],[-122.882013,48.100779],[-122.876282,48.110877],[-122.833173,48.134406],[-122.760448,48.14324],[-122.748911,48.117026],[-122.778466,48.106135],[-122.801399,48.087561],[-122.766648,48.04429],[-122.74229,48.049324],[-122.739271,48.069153],[-122.747389,48.070795],[-122.733257,48.091232],[-122.698465,48.103102],[-122.68724,48.101662],[-122.69222,48.087081],[-122.682264,48.042723],[-122.668942,48.032026],[-122.669868,48.017217],[-122.686898,48.008305],[-122.70184,48.016106],[-122.723374,48.008095],[-122.718082,47.987739],[-122.701294,47.972979],[-122.6788,47.96793],[-122.676215,47.958743],[-122.68445,47.939593],[-122.657722,47.931156],[-122.651063,47.920985],[-122.655085,47.905058],[-122.646494,47.894771],[-122.610341,47.887343],[-122.631857,47.874815],[-122.63636,47.866186],[-122.69376,47.868002],[-122.681602,47.850405],[-122.683742,47.838773],[-122.748061,47.800546],[-122.758498,47.746036],[-122.781682,47.70392],[-122.811929,47.679861],[-122.832139,47.695511],[-122.790619,47.792597],[-122.812616,47.840029],[-122.820178,47.835904],[-122.815027,47.807493],[-122.845612,47.777474],[-122.880462,47.720643],[-122.896524,47.674838],[-122.97244,47.6149],[-123.106486,47.45817],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-123.140169,47.347496],[-123.111298,47.362619],[-123.120234,47.39149],[-122.967284,47.585685],[-122.917103,47.620743],[-122.856611,47.649615],[-122.804498,47.653363],[-122.754186,47.671612],[-122.740159,47.736228],[-122.722686,47.748827],[-122.714801,47.768176],[-122.690562,47.778372],[-122.682015,47.800882],[-122.623192,47.836199],[-122.608105,47.856728],[-122.573672,47.857582],[-122.573098,47.874081],[-122.588235,47.912923],[-122.620316,47.931553],[-122.617022,47.938987],[-122.603861,47.940478],[-122.592184,47.922519],[-122.549072,47.919072],[-122.527593,47.905882],[-122.513986,47.880807],[-122.506122,47.831745],[-122.482529,47.815511],[-122.485214,47.804128],[-122.495346,47.79704],[-122.495458,47.786692],[-122.471402,47.765965],[-122.470333,47.757109],[-122.471844,47.749819],[-122.488491,47.743605],[-122.554454,47.745704],[-122.543161,47.710941],[-122.53094,47.704814],[-122.511196,47.708715],[-122.504604,47.699136],[-122.518277,47.65132],[-122.493205,47.635122],[-122.500357,47.617816],[-122.49824,47.598242],[-122.493933,47.588963],[-122.479089,47.583654],[-122.518367,47.57408],[-122.543118,47.556326],[-122.546611,47.52355],[-122.52305,47.524],[-122.494882,47.510265],[-122.530514,47.469041],[-122.531889,47.428827],[-122.551136,47.394456],[-122.537044,47.375896],[-122.575985,47.32642],[-122.547521,47.285344],[-122.578211,47.254804],[-122.589454,47.227618],[-122.602541,47.217506],[-122.611464,47.2181],[-122.668571,47.270449],[-122.697378,47.283969],[-122.671256,47.343774],[-122.632463,47.376394],[-122.671486,47.366876],[-122.725738,47.33047],[-122.74525,47.297158],[-122.749621,47.276408],[-122.718124,47.250045],[-122.648941,47.214531],[-122.641802,47.205013],[-122.673925,47.174675],[-122.691771,47.141958],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.771619,47.167109],[-122.832799,47.243412],[-122.816633,47.276457],[-122.799025,47.289306],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.803688,47.355071],[-122.821868,47.363069],[-122.822344,47.319763],[-122.84586,47.298405],[-122.863732,47.270221],[-122.856171,47.233788],[-122.838298,47.208353],[-122.858735,47.167955],[-122.852046,47.164359],[-122.814238,47.179482],[-122.775056,47.123114],[-122.721437,47.103179],[-122.67813,47.103866],[-122.650634,47.132738],[-122.631987,47.140589],[-122.614855,47.169143],[-122.590829,47.178107],[-122.561957,47.244099],[-122.527586,47.291531],[-122.547747,47.316403],[-122.533338,47.31662],[-122.471652,47.277321],[-122.4442,47.266723],[-122.429605,47.269707],[-122.409199,47.288556],[-122.444635,47.300421],[-122.418268,47.320614]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Washington\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f8e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ames, K. C.","contributorId":20781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ames","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27050,"text":"wri954092 - 1995 - Ground-water quality in northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T11:15:09","indexId":"wri954092","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4092","title":"Ground-water quality in northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana","docAbstract":"This report describes the ground-water quality of a 220-square-mile area in northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana. Ground-water samples were collected from 30 monitoring wells at 20 sites during May 1992; the wells were screened in either a shallow or a deep sand and gravel aquifer. Samples were analyzed for general water-quality properties, nutrients, major ions, trace elements, industrial organic compounds, and pesticides.
\nIn general, the ground water is a slightly basic, very hard calcium bicarbonate water with a median dissolved-solids concentration of 310 milligrams per liter. The only constituent to exceed a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level in the water samples was nitrate (which was exceeded in water samples from two wells).
\nConcentrations of methylene-blue-active substances (detergent additives), chloride, and nitrate plus nitrite in the shallow aquifer were significantly higher (at the 0.05 probability level) than in the deep aquifer. The higher concentrations of these constituents in the shallow aquifer may be attributable to human activities. Concentrations of silica, ammonia, arsenic, antimony, barium, iron, and manganese in the deep aquifer were significantly higher than in the shallow aquifer; with the exception of ammonia, most or all of these constituents are probably from natural sources.
\nNo industrial organic compounds were detected in the water samples. Four pesticides - alachlor, carbofuran, metolachlor, and triazines - were detected in water samples; the highest pesticide concentration in a water sample was 1.0 microgram per liter of alachlor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri954092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J., Bayless, E.R., and Watson, L.R., 1995, Ground-water quality in northeastern St. Joseph County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4092, vi, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954092.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"50","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55927,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Saint Joseph","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-86.2255,41.7615],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0789,41.479],[-86.0979,41.4791],[-86.1181,41.4792],[-86.1273,41.4792],[-86.1421,41.4792],[-86.1562,41.4793],[-86.234,41.479],[-86.3063,41.4787],[-86.3302,41.4778],[-86.3492,41.4778],[-86.378,41.4774],[-86.4356,41.4765],[-86.4559,41.4765],[-86.4645,41.4765],[-86.4669,41.4765],[-86.4669,41.4616],[-86.4669,41.4339],[-86.5245,41.4339],[-86.5245,41.5201],[-86.5012,41.5206],[-86.5,41.5287],[-86.4982,41.531],[-86.4982,41.5669],[-86.4865,41.5769],[-86.4871,41.649],[-86.5068,41.6499],[-86.5264,41.6499],[-86.5264,41.6572],[-86.5258,41.6731],[-86.5252,41.7085],[-86.524,41.7603],[-86.4526,41.7599],[-86.2846,41.7611],[-86.2255,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Saint Joseph\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, J.M.","contributorId":100430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bayless, E. Randall 0000-0002-0357-3635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-3635","contributorId":42586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bayless","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watson, Lee R.","contributorId":83545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":23725,"text":"ofr95420 - 1995 - Selected environmental and geohydrologic reports for the Fort Wainwright and Fairbanks areas, Alaska as of July 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:19","indexId":"ofr95420","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-420","title":"Selected environmental and geohydrologic reports for the Fort Wainwright and Fairbanks areas, Alaska as of July 1995","docAbstract":"As part of its effort to help collect data and gather information for geohydrologic investigations, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collects and reviews environmental and technical reports relating to geology, hydrology, and geohydrology. The USGS investigation efforts are coordinated with ongoing technical investigations by the Water Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. One project objective for Fort Wainwright includes maintaining a library of report references for USGS project use and for use by the U.S. Army, Alaska (USARAK), USARAK contractors, and other Federal and State agencies. This report presents an annotated bibliography of reports relating to the project study area or geohydrologic processes important to investigations in the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95420","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Lilly, M.R., DePalma, K., and Benson, S., 1995, Selected environmental and geohydrologic reports for the Fort Wainwright and Fairbanks areas, Alaska as of July 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-420, 1 v. 62 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95420.","productDescription":"1 v. 62 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0420/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":19478,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0420/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":52967,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0420/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aade4b07f02db66b4b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lilly, M. R.","contributorId":38594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lilly","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DePalma, K.L.","contributorId":80315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DePalma","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benson, S.L.","contributorId":61075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44386,"text":"ofr95717 - 1995 - Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, Casey Village, Warminster and Upper Southampton townships, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, August 3, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-09T10:09:25","indexId":"ofr95717","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-717","title":"Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, Casey Village, Warminster and Upper Southampton townships, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, August 3, 1995","docAbstract":"A map showing the potentiometric surface in Casey Village, Warminster and Upper Southampton Townships, Bucks County, was constructed from water levels measured on August 3, 1995. The potentiometric surface, measured in 17 wells screened between 18 and 64 feet below land surface, ranged from 321.99 to 344.80 feet above sea level. The potentiometric surface, measured in 12 wells screened between 48 and 108 feet below land surface, ranged from 321.95 to 337.50 feet above sea level.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95717","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and Grazul, K.E., 1995, Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface, Casey Village, Warminster and Upper Southampton townships, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, August 3, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-717, 2 maps on one sheet ; each 11 x 10 cm., sheet 28 x 22 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95717.","productDescription":"2 maps on one sheet ; each 11 x 10 cm., sheet 28 x 22 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":168110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0717/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":81677,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0717/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a2f7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":229681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grazul, Kevin E.","contributorId":97950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grazul","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":22427,"text":"ofr95718 - 1995 - Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:05","indexId":"ofr95718","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-718","title":"Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1994","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nUSGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95718","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Williams, L.M., and Campbell, L., 1995, Radionuclides, stable isotopes, inorganic constituents, and organic compounds in water from selected wells and springs from the southern boundary of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory to the Hagerman area, Idaho, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-718, iii, 37 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95718.","productDescription":"iii, 37 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0718/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51966,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0718/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, R. C.","contributorId":66271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, L. M.","contributorId":63045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, L.J.","contributorId":59820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":188231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28412,"text":"wri954238 - 1995 - Results of ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry monitoring, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T20:11:53.271562","indexId":"wri954238","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4238","title":"Results of ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry monitoring, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1994","docAbstract":"The Black Mesa monitoring program is designed to document long-term effects of ground-water pumping from the N aquifer by industrial and municipal users. The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area, and the ground water occurs under confined and unconfined conditions. Monitoring activities include continuous and periodic measurements of (1) ground-water pumpage from the confined and unconfined areas of the aquifer, (2) ground-water levels in the confined and unconfined areas of the aquifer, (3) surface-water discharge, and (4) chemistry of the ground water and surface water. In 1994, ground-water withdrawals for industrial and municipal use totaled about 7,000 acre-feet, which is an 8-percent increase from the previous year. Pumpage from the confined part of the aquifer increased by about 9 percent to 5,400 acre-feet, and pumpage from the unconfined part of the aquifer increased by about 2 percent to 1,600 acre-feet. Water-level declines in the confined area during 1994 were recorded in 10 of 16 wells, and the median change was a decline of about 2.3 feet as opposed to a decline of 3.3 feet for the previous year. The median change in water levels in the unconfined area was a rise of 0.1 foot in 1994 as opposed to a decline of 0.5 foot in 1993. Measured low-flow discharge along Moenkopi Wash decreased from 3.0 cubic feet per second in 1993 to 2.9 cubic feet per second in 1994. Eleven low-flow measurements were made along Laguna Creek between Tsegi, Arizona, and Chinle Wash to determine the amount of discharge that would occur as seepage from the N aquifer under optimal base-flow conditions. Discharge was 5.6 cubic feet per second near Tsegi and 1.5 cubic feet per second above the confluence with Chinle Wash. Maximum discharge was 5.9 cubic feet per second about 4 miles upstream from Dennehotso. Discharge was measured at three springs. The changes in discharge at Burro and Whisky Springs were small and within the uncertainty of measurement. Discharge at Moenkopi School Spring decreased from 14.6 gallons per minute in 1993 to 12.9 gallons per minute in 1994. Regionally long-term water-chemistry data for wells and springs have shown no discernible change. A recent gradual increase in concentrations of dissolved solids, sulfate, and chloride in water from Forest Lake NTUA 1, however, indicates that, locally, water from the D aquifer may be mixing with water from the N aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954238","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., and Monroe, S.A., 1995, Results of ground-water, surface-water, and water-chemistry monitoring, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4238, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954238.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410963,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48321.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57216,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4238/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 36.9069\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 35.6283\n ],\n [\n -109.7142,\n 35.6283\n ],\n [\n -109.7142,\n 36.9069\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 36.9069\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a0e4b07f02db493d7e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, G. R.","contributorId":95924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, S. A.","contributorId":90346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":21902,"text":"ofr95839 - 1995 - K1-95-HW: Cruise report 1995 - Preliminary results, phase III: Sediment chemistry and biological sampling survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-04T19:00:10.320528","indexId":"ofr95839","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-839","title":"K1-95-HW: Cruise report 1995 - Preliminary results, phase III: Sediment chemistry and biological sampling survey","docAbstract":"Mamala Bay, off the south shore of the island of Oahu, has been used as a repository of dredged material primarily from Pearl and Honolulu Harbors for over a century. The U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency are conducting an integrated study on the distribution and character of dredged materials as well as the effects of dredged material on the marine environment. A three phase study is providing information to evaluate the effects on seafloor substrate and the benthic fauna. The studies include geophysical profiling and imaging, bottom photography, sampling, chemical and physical analyses of sediment, and evaluations of the benthic population, population density, and adverse impacts to the benthic fauna.
\nPhase 1, conducted in 1993, inventoried the seafloor via remote sensing. Sidescan sonar and subbottom profilers characterized the seafloor in and around the disposal sites, and the resulting products reveal the character and extent of the dredged material. These data were used to plan Phase 2 in 1994, a sampling program that employed subbottom profilers, video and still photography, and seafloor sampling to ground truth the sonar mosaic and identify the seafloor substrates responsible for the various acoustic signatures on the sonar images and subbottom profiles. Box coring provided the samples necessary to distinguish dredged material from native sediment, and for the chemical analyses used to determine contaminant concentrations. Phase 3 studies conducted in June of 1995 consisted of box core sampling for chemical and biological analyses. Specific studies include: infaunal taxonomy and population density, bioassay/bioaccumulation, sediment chemistry, and post-disposal resuspension and transport.
\nThe 1995 survey, conducted June 14 through 17, resulted in the collection of 39 box cores from 20 different stations. Multiple box cores were composited at 7 different locations occupied in 1994, to provide the material required for the 7 bioassay and bioaccumulation analyses currently underway (Figure 1). Seventeen of the 20 stations occupied provided the biological samples for the benthic infaunal identification and population density study conducted by Dr. Julie Brock of the University of Hawaii, and the sediment chemistry analyses conducted (and completed) by Quanterra Environmental Laboratories (Figure 1). Seven of the 20 stations occupied in 1995 were occupied in 1994, and provide the data for direct comparison of sediment chemistry at the same sites from two consecutive years. The sum total of the data collected from all three phases of the monitoring program will provide the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency with the information required to make informed decisions as to the management of the South Oahu disposal site in Mamala Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95839","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Torresan, M., Hampton, M.A., Barber, J.H., and Wong, F.L., 1995, K1-95-HW: Cruise report 1995 - Preliminary results, phase III: Sediment chemistry and biological sampling survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-839, 93 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95839.","productDescription":"93 p.","numberOfPages":"94","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391391,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43689.htm"},{"id":284164,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0839/intro.html"},{"id":51388,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0839/pdf/of95-839.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":155442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0839/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1265,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0839/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","city":"Honolulu","otherGeospatial":"Mamala Bay, O'ahu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.04961,21.179421 ], [ -158.04961,21.33283 ], [ -157.849597,21.33283 ], [ -157.849597,21.179421 ], [ -158.04961,21.179421 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torresan, M.E.","contributorId":22775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torresan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barber, J. H. Jr.","contributorId":82275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, F. L.","contributorId":87515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":27924,"text":"wri944258 - 1995 - Water-quality assessment of the central Columbia Plateau in Washington and Idaho: Analysis of available nutrient and pesticide data for ground water, 1942-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T22:02:42.574716","indexId":"wri944258","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4258","title":"Water-quality assessment of the central Columbia Plateau in Washington and Idaho: Analysis of available nutrient and pesticide data for ground water, 1942-92","docAbstract":"Analysis of available nutrient and pesticide data from more than a thousand wells shows that shallow ground water (less than 300 feet) in the Central Columbia Plateau has been contaminated with nitrate, particularly in the southwest. Water samples collected from one-fifth of public-supply wells in the southwest, and one-tenth elsewhere, have nitrate concentrations that exceed the maximum contaminant levels for nitrate in drinking water. Eleven pesticides also have been detected, and one of them (EDB) was detected in 10 wells at concentrations above the maximum contaminant level for drinking water. Nitrate concentrations in ground water are influenced most by agricultural use of fertilizers and by recharge rates and sources. Concentrations are higher where fertilizers are most heavily applied and are higher in shallow ground water than in deeper aquifers. Trends observed in wells with long periods of record show increases in nitrate concentration beginning in the early 1950's, after the use of nitrogen compounds as fertilizers became widespread. Ground-water recharge affects nitrate concentrations in two ways: it transports nitrate into the ground-water system, raising nitrate concentrations in ground water; and it lowers concentrations by dilution when fresh water recharges in sufficient quantities. Dilution is especially evident near canals where fresh irrigation water enters the ground-water system. More data would be needed to investigate possible relations between phosphate or pesticide concentrations and land use or depth. Phosphate concentrations in ground water are low--the median in the study unit is 0.02 milligram per liter as phosphorous. Detection of pesticides in ground water correlates with the solubility of the compounds in water and other related physico-chemical properties. Compounds that were detected have higher solubilities than compounds that were not detected.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944258","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., and Wagner, R.J., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the central Columbia Plateau in Washington and Idaho: Analysis of available nutrient and pesticide data for ground water, 1942-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4258, vii, 119 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944258.","productDescription":"vii, 119 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410745,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48123.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56742,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4258/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4258/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":"central Columbia Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.25,\n 48.1167\n ],\n [\n -120.25,\n 46.1667\n ],\n [\n -116.4667,\n 46.1667\n ],\n [\n -116.4667,\n 48.1167\n ],\n [\n -120.25,\n 48.1167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636660","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, J. L.","contributorId":27065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":24098,"text":"ofr95842 - 1995 - Borate deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:16","indexId":"ofr95842","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-842","title":"Borate deposits","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95842","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., 1995, Borate deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-842, i, 57 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95842.","productDescription":"i, 57 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0842/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53256,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0842/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602a99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22026,"text":"ofr95824 - 1995 - Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the Phred #1 corehole, Indian River County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:00:04","indexId":"ofr95824","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-824","title":"Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the Phred #1 corehole, Indian River County, Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr95824","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Weedman, S., Scott, T., Edwards, L.E., Brewster-Wingard, G., and Libarkin, J., 1995, Preliminary analysis of integrated stratigraphic data from the Phred #1 corehole, Indian River County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-824, ii, 63 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95824.","productDescription":"ii, 63 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":152971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0824/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":51492,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0824/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Indian River County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-80.4447,27.8616],[-80.4475,27.86],[-80.4461,27.8606],[-80.3808,27.7344],[-80.3581,27.6655],[-80.348,27.6257],[-80.3302,27.5957],[-80.3216,27.5587],[-80.3328,27.5574],[-80.3336,27.56],[-80.335,27.5556],[-80.3375,27.5578],[-80.3367,27.5619],[-80.3319,27.5628],[-80.3383,27.5683],[-80.3339,27.5731],[-80.3383,27.5816],[-80.3369,27.5825],[-80.3411,27.5825],[-80.3449,27.5906],[-80.3434,27.5927],[-80.3375,27.5939],[-80.3432,27.5958],[-80.3461,27.5944],[-80.3411,27.5986],[-80.3504,27.6135],[-80.3533,27.6153],[-80.3542,27.6197],[-80.3565,27.6174],[-80.3594,27.6233],[-80.3581,27.6281],[-80.3635,27.632],[-80.3632,27.6367],[-80.3603,27.6394],[-80.3644,27.6392],[-80.3657,27.6451],[-80.3727,27.6526],[-80.3703,27.6561],[-80.3708,27.6642],[-80.3675,27.6653],[-80.3703,27.6661],[-80.3701,27.6684],[-80.3655,27.6686],[-80.3711,27.6706],[-80.3767,27.6758],[-80.3683,27.6789],[-80.3699,27.6814],[-80.3726,27.6785],[-80.3806,27.6783],[-80.3792,27.6823],[-80.3831,27.6849],[-80.3841,27.6889],[-80.3811,27.6908],[-80.3842,27.69],[-80.3843,27.6932],[-80.3867,27.6944],[-80.3858,27.6982],[-80.3978,27.7217],[-80.3867,27.7239],[-80.3876,27.7188],[-80.3833,27.6992],[-80.3847,27.7231],[-80.3875,27.7256],[-80.3931,27.725],[-80.396,27.7393],[-80.4005,27.7458],[-80.4033,27.7575],[-80.4147,27.7614],[-80.419,27.7687],[-80.4183,27.7724],[-80.4158,27.7717],[-80.4183,27.7742],[-80.4244,27.7967],[-80.4411,27.8044],[-80.4417,27.8069],[-80.4389,27.8112],[-80.4319,27.8081],[-80.4322,27.8103],[-80.4386,27.8122],[-80.4403,27.8186],[-80.4389,27.82],[-80.4272,27.8139],[-80.4297,27.8172],[-80.4284,27.8206],[-80.4311,27.8204],[-80.4307,27.8235],[-80.4415,27.8453],[-80.4505,27.8484],[-80.4522,27.8508],[-80.4564,27.8489],[-80.4468,27.8626],[-80.4447,27.8616]]],[[[-80.4733,27.8292],[-80.4556,27.7964],[-80.4428,27.7791],[-80.4319,27.7572],[-80.4288,27.7542],[-80.4264,27.7544],[-80.428,27.7522],[-80.4243,27.7442],[-80.3946,27.6967],[-80.3826,27.6665],[-80.3773,27.6585],[-80.375,27.6506],[-80.3748,27.6339],[-80.3708,27.6329],[-80.3698,27.6347],[-80.3675,27.6326],[-80.3747,27.6311],[-80.3745,27.6214],[-80.3678,27.6088],[-80.3639,27.5952],[-80.3642,27.5825],[-80.3558,27.5573],[-80.7774,27.5586],[-80.7783,27.6434],[-80.8732,27.6425],[-80.8736,27.731],[-80.874,27.7338],[-80.8807,27.734],[-80.882,27.8225],[-80.7669,27.8241],[-80.5095,27.8223],[-80.5092,27.8297],[-80.497,27.8461],[-80.4981,27.8397],[-80.5028,27.8369],[-80.505,27.8336],[-80.5025,27.8344],[-80.5019,27.8325],[-80.5053,27.83],[-80.4942,27.8394],[-80.49,27.8531],[-80.4811,27.8438],[-80.4733,27.8292]]],[[[-80.4197,27.7636],[-80.4122,27.7572],[-80.4064,27.7578],[-80.4039,27.7556],[-80.4023,27.7449],[-80.3958,27.7352],[-80.3972,27.7248],[-80.4091,27.7327],[-80.4158,27.7433],[-80.4182,27.7478],[-80.4053,27.7419],[-80.4097,27.7469],[-80.4069,27.7494],[-80.4114,27.7483],[-80.4117,27.755],[-80.4225,27.7561],[-80.4197,27.7636]]],[[[-80.4247,27.795],[-80.4244,27.7875],[-80.4199,27.7753],[-80.4206,27.7681],[-80.4222,27.7675],[-80.4292,27.7733],[-80.43,27.7792],[-80.4336,27.7833],[-80.4311,27.7846],[-80.4322,27.7911],[-80.4274,27.7908],[-80.4272,27.7858],[-80.4256,27.7947],[-80.4278,27.7933],[-80.4283,27.7953],[-80.4261,27.7969],[-80.4247,27.795]]],[[[-80.38,27.6758],[-80.3783,27.6761],[-80.3717,27.6686],[-80.3728,27.6644],[-80.3758,27.6628],[-80.3808,27.6675],[-80.3803,27.6725],[-80.3822,27.6764],[-80.38,27.6758]]],[[[-80.4057,27.7272],[-80.4018,27.7235],[-80.4004,27.716],[-80.4051,27.7185],[-80.4093,27.7247],[-80.4057,27.7272]]],[[[-80.4372,27.7917],[-80.4391,27.7886],[-80.4361,27.7869],[-80.4402,27.7886],[-80.4407,27.791],[-80.4372,27.7917]]],[[[-80.4442,27.8069],[-80.445,27.8097],[-80.4403,27.8139],[-80.4406,27.8106],[-80.4442,27.8069]]],[[[-80.3733,27.6614],[-80.3714,27.6558],[-80.3728,27.6541],[-80.3761,27.6586],[-80.3742,27.6628],[-80.3733,27.6614]]],[[[-80.3932,27.7092],[-80.3954,27.7067],[-80.3949,27.7097],[-80.3932,27.7092]]],[[[-80.3688,27.6439],[-80.3696,27.64],[-80.3707,27.6419],[-80.3688,27.6439]]],[[[-80.3952,27.7108],[-80.396,27.7139],[-80.3941,27.7133],[-80.3952,27.7108]]],[[[-80.4554,27.8142],[-80.456,27.8131],[-80.4574,27.8153],[-80.4554,27.8142]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Indian River\",\"state\":\"FL\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acae4b07f02db67cd5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weedman, S.D.","contributorId":23961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weedman","given":"S.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, T.M.","contributorId":66694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":186753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brewster-Wingard, G. L.","contributorId":102508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brewster-Wingard","given":"G. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Libarkin, J.C.","contributorId":87973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Libarkin","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":23432,"text":"ofr95752 - 1995 - Chemistry and toxicity of urban sediments, Maricopa County, Arizona, data and summary statistics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:14","indexId":"ofr95752","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-752","title":"Chemistry and toxicity of urban sediments, Maricopa County, Arizona, data and summary statistics","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr95752","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Ingersoll, T., Parker, J.T., and Fossum, K., 1995, Chemistry and toxicity of urban sediments, Maricopa County, Arizona, data and summary statistics: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-752, iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95752.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":156977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0752/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52756,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0752/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, T.L.","contributorId":22386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, J. T.","contributorId":89164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fossum, K. D.","contributorId":63420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fossum","given":"K. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":24867,"text":"ofr95807 - 1995 - Icelandic-English glossary of selected geoscience terms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:10","indexId":"ofr95807","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-807","title":"Icelandic-English glossary of selected geoscience terms","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr95807","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Williams, R., 1995, Icelandic-English glossary of selected geoscience terms: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-807, 31 leaves ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr95807.","productDescription":"31 leaves ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1866,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of95-807/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":156229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0807/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0807/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fad90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Richard S. Jr.","contributorId":90679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard S.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44886,"text":"wri954096 - 1995 - Seasonal ground-water level changes (1990-93) and flow patterns in the Fristoe unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T19:44:29.738817","indexId":"wri954096","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4096","title":"Seasonal ground-water level changes (1990-93) and flow patterns in the Fristoe unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954096","usgsCitation":"Imes, J.L., and Kleeschulte, M.J., 1995, Seasonal ground-water level changes (1990-93) and flow patterns in the Fristoe unit of the Mark Twain National Forest, southern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4096, 1 Plate: 38.00 × 26.82 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954096.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.00 × 26.82 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82243,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4096/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":408923,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48201.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Fristoe unit of the Mark Twain National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.6,\n 37.0583\n ],\n [\n -91.6,\n 36.665\n ],\n [\n -90.8972,\n 36.665\n ],\n [\n -90.8972,\n 37.0583\n ],\n [\n -91.6,\n 37.0583\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc3a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Imes, Jeffrey L. jimes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Imes","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jimes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kleeschulte, Michael J.","contributorId":75891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeschulte","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44885,"text":"wri954093 - 1995 - Water-surface profile and flood boundaries for the computed 100-year flood, Rosebud Creek, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:56","indexId":"wri954093","displayToPublicDate":"1996-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4093","title":"Water-surface profile and flood boundaries for the computed 100-year flood, Rosebud Creek, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, Montana","docAbstract":"Hydrologic and hydraulic evaluations of Rosebud Creek were made to determine the magnitude of the 100-year flood and the extent of flooding that would occur as the result of this flood. The magnitude of the 100-year flood was determined to range from 2,620 to 3,980 ft3/s, depending on location. Field surveys were made at 149 cross sections along a 39-mile reach of Rosebud Creek. An additional 33 cross sections along the same reach were synthesized. Data from the surveys were used to calculate the water-surface elevation at each cross section using a computer program (WSPRO) developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The water-surface profile of the computed 100-year flood elevations was then drawn. The profile also shows the streambed elevation and the location of the bridges and cross sections. The computed 100-year flood elevation at each cross section was used to delineate the width of the flood plain at that section. Flood boundaries between cross sections were interpolated using contour lines on topographic maps.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri954093","usgsCitation":"Omang, R.J., 1995, Water-surface profile and flood boundaries for the computed 100-year flood, Rosebud Creek, Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4093, 1 map on 2 sheets : col. ; sheets 89 x 94 cm. and 97 x 90 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954093.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets : col. ; sheets 89 x 94 cm. and 97 x 90 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":134565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82241,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4093/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82242,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4093/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Omang, R. J.","contributorId":31365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omang","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}