When the Wisconsin glacier retreated about 10,000 years ago, it left innumerable depressions scattered throughout the northern Great Plains. These depressional wetlands, called prairie potholes, contain water for various lengths of time in most years (Kantrud et al. 1989). Their size, permanence, hydrology, water chemistry, plant associations, and invertebrate communities vary widely among wetlands and, within a basin, through time (Cowardin et al. 1979).
These diverse wetlands support a breeding avifauna as rich and varied as the wetlands themselves. Johnsgard (1979) listed 72 breeding bird species associated with freshwater pond environments in the Great Plains. Other species, such as the northern harrier, marbled godwit, Le Conte’s sparrow, and Nelson’s sharp-tailed sparrow, are associated with grasslands but extensively use these prairie wetlands. Stewart (1975) identified 63 breeding bird species as wetland associates in North Dakota alone. Since 1975, several species could be added to Stewart’s list (Faanes and Stewart 1982), including the reintroduced Canada goose (Lee et al. 1989) and several herons, egrets, and ibises that have expanded their breeding range into the state (Lokemoen 1979). Most wetland birds are short-distance migrants, wintering primarily north of the United States–Mexico border (Igl and Johnson 1995).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and trends of the nation's biological resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Igl, L.D., and Johnson, D.H., 1998, Wetland birds in the northern Great Plains, chap. of Status and trends of the nation's biological resources, p. 454-455.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"454","endPage":"455","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11457,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/sandt/Grasslnd.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49fc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Mac, M. J.","contributorId":44492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"M. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504472,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Opler, P.A.","contributorId":48521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opler","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puckett Haecker, C. E.","contributorId":114075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puckett Haecker","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doran, P.D.","contributorId":113343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doran","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266 ligl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":2381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"ligl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641 douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":1387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"douglas_h_johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":296006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194884,"text":"70194884 - 1998 - Hydrogeologic studies at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T09:15:14","indexId":"70194884","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5607,"text":"Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip Guide","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Hydrogeologic studies at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site","docAbstract":"In 1976, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began studies of unsaturated-zone hydrology in the Amargosa Desert in support of the USGS Low-Level Radioactive Waste Program. In 1983, agreements with the Bureau of Land Management and the State of Nevada established two field study areas: a 16-ha area adjacent to a waste-burial facility 17 km south of Beatty and a 0.1-ha area about 3 km farther south (fig. 1A). The study areas are collectively known as the Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS). Investigations at the ADRS have provided long-term benchmark information about hydraulic characteristics and soil-water movement for undisturbed conditions and for simulated waste-site conditions in arid environments. In 1995, as a result of unexpectedly finding high concentrations of tritium and carbon-14 in the unsaturated zone beneath the ADRS, the scope of research was broadened to include the study of processes affecting radionuclide transport. The ADRS was incorporated into the USGS Toxic Substances Hydrology Program in 1997. Research at the site is a multidisciplinary, collaborative effort that involves scientists from the USGS, universities, research institutes, and national laboratories. The overall objective for research at the site is to improve understanding of and methods for characterizing mechanisms that control subsurface migration and fate of contaminants in arid environments.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary geology of the Yucca Mountain area, southern Nevada: Field trip guide","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"1998 Annual Meeting of the Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Cell","conferenceDate":"October 9-11, 1998","language":"English","publisher":"Friends of the Pleistocene, Pacific Cell","usgsCitation":"Andraski, B.J., and Stonestrom, D.A., 1998, Hydrogeologic studies at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site, chap. of Quaternary geology of the Yucca Mountain area, southern Nevada: Field trip guide: Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip Guide, p. 210-216.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"210","endPage":"216","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350655,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fop.cascadiageo.org/?page_id=629"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert Research Site","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4c9ee4b06e28e9cabb38","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Taylor, Emily M. 0000-0003-1152-5761 emtaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-5761","contributorId":1240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Emily","email":"emtaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725901,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70021392,"text":"70021392 - 1998 - Operational modeling system with dynamic-wave routing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:41","indexId":"70021392","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Operational modeling system with dynamic-wave routing","docAbstract":"A near real-time streamflow-simulation system utilizing continuous-simulation rainfall-runoff generation with dynamic-wave routing is being developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Du Page County Department of Environmental Concerns for a 24-kilometer reach of Salt Creek in Du Page County, Illinois. This system is needed in order to more effectively manage the Elmhurst Quarry Flood Control Facility, an off-line stormwater diversion reservoir located along Salt Creek. Near real time simulation capabilities will enable the testing and evaluation of potential rainfall, diversion, and return-flow scenarios on water-surface elevations along Salt Creek before implementing diversions or return-flows. The climatological inputs for the continuous-simulation rainfall-runoff model, Hydrologic Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) are obtained by Internet access and from a network of radio-telemetered precipitation gages reporting to a base-station computer. The unit area runoff time series generated from HSPF are the input for the dynamic-wave routing model. Full Equations (FEQ). The Generation and Analysis of Model Simulation Scenarios (GENSCN) interface is used as a pre- and post-processor for managing input data and displaying and managing simulation results. The GENSCN interface includes a variety of graphical and analytical tools for evaluation and quick visualization of the results of operational scenario simulations and thereby makes it possible to obtain the full benefit of the fully distributed dynamic routing results.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1998 25th Annual Conference on Water Resources Planning and Management","conferenceDate":"7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA, United States","usgsCitation":"Ishii, A.L., Charlton, T., Ortel, T., and Vonnahme, C., 1998, Operational modeling system with dynamic-wave routing, in Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 7 June 1998 through 10 June 1998, p. 147-152.","startPage":"147","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6e92e4b0c8380cd756e4","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Loucks E","contributorId":128438,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Loucks E","id":536472,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ishii, A. L.","contributorId":61464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Charlton, T.J.","contributorId":64831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ortel, T.W.","contributorId":102224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortel","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vonnahme, C.C.","contributorId":37100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vonnahme","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":389704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020540,"text":"70020540 - 1998 - Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:15:02","indexId":"70020540","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors","docAbstract":"The invertebrate fauna of nontidal portions of the lower San Joaquin River and its major tributaries is described in relation to water quality and habitat using canonical correspondence analysis, autecological metrics, and indicator species analysis. A large-scale (basin-wide) pattern in community response to salinity (sulfate-bicarbonate type) was detected when standardized, stable substratum was sampled. Community structure, taxa richness, and EPT (ephemeropterans, plecopterans, and trichopterans) richness varied with dissolved solids concentration (55-1700 mg total dissolved solids. L-1), and distributions of many taxa indicated salinity optima. Distinct assemblages associated with either high or low salinity were evident over this range. Large-scale patterns in community structure were unrelated to pesticide distributions. Structure and taxa richness of invertebrate assemblages in sand substratum varied both with salinity and with microhabitat heterogeneity. The benthic fauna generally was dominated by a taxa-poor assemblage of specialized psammophilous species, contributing to a weaker relationship between community structure and water quality than was observed using standardized substratum. Habitat types and associated dominant species were characterized using indicator species analysis. Species assemblages did not vary substantially with irrigation regime or fiver discharge, indicating that structure of invertebrate communities was a conservative measure of water quality.","language":"English","publisher":"Canada Science Publishing ","doi":"10.1139/f97-316","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., and Fend, S., 1998, Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1051-1067, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-316.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1051","endPage":"1067","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin River","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f0bce4b0c8380cd4a8ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fend, S.V. 0000-0002-4638-6602","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":99702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"S.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":386609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1015832,"text":"1015832 - 1998 - Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:41","indexId":"1015832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades","docAbstract":"Although large-scale transformation of Everglades landscapes has occurred during the past century, the patterns of association among hydrologic factors and southern Everglades freshwater marsh vegetation have not been well-defined. We used a 10-year data base on the aquatic biota of Shark Slough to classify vegetation and describe plant community change in intermediate- to long-hydroperiod Everglades marshes. Study area marsh vegetation was quantitatively grouped into associations dominated by 1) Cladium jamaicense, 2) a group of emergents including Eleocharis cellulosa, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Rhyncospora tracyi, 3) taxa associated with algal mats (Utricularia spp. and Bacopa caroliniana), and 4) the grasses Panicum hemitomon and Paspalidium geminatum. During the decade evaluated, the range of water depths that characterized our study sites approached both extremes depicted in the 40-year hydrologic record for the region. Water depths were near the long-term average during the mid-1980s, declined sharply during a late 1980s drought, and underwent a prolonged increase from 1991 through 1995. Overall macrophyte cover varied inversely with water depth, while the response of periphyton was more complex. An ordination analysis, based on plant species abundance, revealed that study area vegetation structure was associated with hydrologic patterns. Marsh plant community structure showed evidence of cyclic interannual variation corresponding to hydrologic change over the decade evaluated. Lower water depths, the occurrence of marl substrates, and high periphyton cover were correlated. These factors contributed to reduced macrophyte cover in portions of the study area from which water had been diverted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Busch, D.E., Loftus, W., and Bass, O.L., 1998, Long-term hydrologic effects on marsh plant community structure in the southern Everglades: Wetlands, v. 18, no. 2, p. 230-241.","productDescription":"p. 230-241","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ee83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":323209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loftus, W.F.","contributorId":29363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftus","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bass, O. L. Jr.","contributorId":31721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bass","given":"O.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":323211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70019843,"text":"70019843 - 1998 - Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T10:28:04","indexId":"70019843","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993","docAbstract":"Reservoirs are used to store water for public water supply, flood control, irrigation, recreation, hydropower, and wildlife habitat, but also often store undesirable substances such as herbicides. The outflow from 76 reservoirs in the midwestern USA, was sampled four times in 1992 and four times in 1993. At least one herbicide was detected in 82.6 percent of all samples, and atrazine was detected in 82.1 percent of all samples. Herbicide properties; topography, land use, herbicide use, and soil type in the contributing drainage area; residence time of water in reservoirs; and timing of inflow, release, and rainfall all can affect the concentration of herbicides in reservoirs. A GIS was used to quantify characteristics of land use, agricultural chemical use, climatic conditions, topographic character, and soil type by reservoir drainage basins. Multiple linear and logistic regression equations were used to model mean herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflow as a function of these characteristics. Results demonstrate a strong association between mean herbicide concentrations in reservoir outflow and herbicide use rates within associated drainage basins. Results also demonstrate the importance of including soils and basin hydrologic characteristics in models used to estimate mean herbicide concentrations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., and Goolsby, D.A., 1998, Regression models of herbicide concentrations in outflow from reservoirs in the midwestern USA, 1992-1993: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1369-1390, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05438.x.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1369","endPage":"1390","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227812,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a5d2e4b0e8fec6cdc016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, W.A.","contributorId":16376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020037,"text":"70020037 - 1998 - Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent- contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:53:28.810079","indexId":"70020037","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent- contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation","docAbstract":"A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic approach was used to survey constituents of microbial communities associated with an aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbons (mainly jet fuel) and chlorinated solvents undergoing intrinsic bioremediation. Samples were obtained from three redox zones: methanogenic, methanogenic-sulfate reducing, and iron or sulfate reducing. Small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified directly from aquifer material DNA by PCR with universally conserved or Bacteria- orArchaea-specific primers and were cloned. A total of 812 clones were screened by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), approximately 50% of which were unique. All RFLP types that occurred more than once in the libraries, as well as many of the unique types, were sequenced. A total of 104 (94 bacterial and 10 archaeal) sequence types were determined. Of the 94 bacterial sequence types, 10 have no phylogenetic association with known taxonomic divisions and are phylogenetically grouped in six novel division level groups (candidate divisions WS1 to WS6); 21 belong to four recently described candidate divisions with no cultivated representatives (OP5, OP8, OP10, and OP11); and 63 are phylogenetically associated with 10 well-recognized divisions. The physiology of two particularly abundant sequence types obtained from the methanogenic zone could be inferred from their phylogenetic association with groups of microorganisms with a consistent phenotype. One of these sequence types is associated with the genus Syntrophus; Syntrophus spp. produce energy from the anaerobic oxidation of organic acids, with the production of acetate and hydrogen. The organism represented by the other sequence type is closely related to Methanosaetaspp., which are known to be capable of energy generation only through aceticlastic methanogenesis. We hypothesize, therefore, that the terminal step of hydrocarbon degradation in the methanogenic zone of the aquifer is aceticlastic methanogenesis and that the microorganisms represented by these two sequence types occur in syntrophic association.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.10.3869-3877.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Dojka, M., Hugenholtz, P., Haack, S., and Pace, N., 1998, Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent- contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 10, p. 3869-3877, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.10.3869-3877.1998.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3869","endPage":"3877","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.10.3869-3877.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":228307,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a564de4b0c8380cd6d4c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dojka, M.A.","contributorId":95330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dojka","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hugenholtz, P.","contributorId":55280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hugenholtz","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haack, S.K.","contributorId":26457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pace, N.R.","contributorId":60079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pace","given":"N.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020050,"text":"70020050 - 1998 - Bacterial methylmercury degradation in Florida Everglades peat sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:30:05","indexId":"70020050","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bacterial methylmercury degradation in Florida Everglades peat sediment","docAbstract":"Methylmercury (MeHg) degradation was investigated along an eutrophication gradient in the Florida Everglades by quantifying 14CH4 and 14CO2 production after incubation of anaerobic sediments with [14C]MeHg. Degradation rate constants (k) were consistently ≤0.1 d-1 and decreased with sediment depth. Higher k values were observed when shorter incubation times and lower MeHg amendment levels were used, and k increased 2-fold as in-situ MeHg concentrations were approached. The average floc layer k was 0.046 ± 0.023 d-1 (n = 17) for 1−2 day incubations. In-situ degradation rates were estimated to be 0.02−0.5 ng of MeHg (g of dry sediment)-1 d-1, increasing from eutrophied to pristine areas. Nitrate-respiring bacteria did not demethylate MeHg, and NO3- addition partially inhibited degradation in some cases. MeHg degradation rates were not affected by PO43- addition. 14CO2 production in all samples indicated that oxidative demethylation (OD) was an important degradation mechanism. OD occurred over 5 orders of magnitude of applied MeHg concentration, with lowest limits [1−18 ng of MeHg (g of dry sediment)-1] in the range of in-situ MeHg levels. Sulfate reducers and methanogens were the primary agents of anaerobic OD, although it is suggested that methanogens dominate degradation at in-situ MeHg concentrations. Specific pathways of OD by these two microbial groups are proposed.
In 1983, current data were collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration using mechanical current meters. During 1992 through 1996, acoustic Doppler current profilers as well as mechanical current meters and tide gauges were used. These measurements not only document tides and tidal currents in San Diego Bay, but also provide independent data sets for model calibration and verification. A high resolution (100-m grid), depth-averaged, numerical hydrodynamic model has been implemented for San Diego Bay to describe essential tidal hydrodynamic processes in the bay. The model is calibrated using the 1983 data set and verified using the more recent 1992-1996 data. Discrepancies between model predictions and field data in beth model calibration and verification are on the order of the magnitude of uncertainties in the field data. The calibrated and verified numerical model has been used to quantify residence time and dilution and flushing of contaminant effluent into San Diego Bay. Furthermore, the numerical model has become an important research tool in ongoing hydrodynamic and water quality studies and in guiding future field data collection programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Assoc","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04159.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Wang, P., Cheng, R.T., Richter, K., Gross, E., Sutton, D., and Gartner, J.W., 1998, Modeling tidal hydrodynamics of San Diego Bay, California: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 34, no. 5, p. 1123-1140, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04159.x.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1123","endPage":"1140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Diego Bay","volume":"34","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c54e4b0c8380cd6fbea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, P.-F.","contributorId":25311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"P.-F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richter, K.","contributorId":72146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gross, E.S.","contributorId":62353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutton, D.","contributorId":70133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutton","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":384944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020094,"text":"70020094 - 1998 - Field study and simulation of diurnal temperature effects on infiltration and variably saturated flow beneath an ephemeral stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-05T18:03:45","indexId":"70020094","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field study and simulation of diurnal temperature effects on infiltration and variably saturated flow beneath an ephemeral stream","docAbstract":"Two experiments were performed to investigate flow beneath an ephemeral stream and to estimate streambed infiltration rates. Discharge and stream-area measurements were used to determine infiltration rates. Stream and subsurface temperatures were used to interpret subsurface flow through variably saturated sediments beneath the stream. Spatial variations in subsurface temperatures suggest that flow beneath the streambed is dependent on the orientation of the stream in the canyon and the layering of the sediments. Streamflow and infiltration rates vary diurnally: Streamflow is lowest in late afternoon when stream temperature is greatest and highest in early morning when stream temperature is least. The lower afternoon Streamflow is attributed to increased infiltration rates; evapotranspiration is insufficient to account for the decreased Streamflow. The increased infiltration rates are attributed to viscosity effects on hydraulic conductivity from increased stream temperatures. The first set of field data was used to calibrate a two-dimensional variably saturated flow model that includes heat transport. The model was calibrated to (1) temperature fluctuations in the subsurface and (2) infiltration rates determined from measured Streamflow losses. The second set of field data was to evaluate the ability to predict infiltration rates on the basis of temperature measurements alone. Results indicate that the variably saturated subsurface flow depends on downcanyon layering of the sediments. They also support the field observations in indicating that diurnal changes in infiltration can be explained by temperature dependence of hydraulic conductivity. Over the range of temperatures and flows monitored, diurnal stream temperature changes can be used to estimate streambed infiltration rates. It is often impractical to maintain equipment for determining infiltration rates by traditional means; however, once a model is calibrated using both infiltration and temperature data, only relatively inexpensive temperature monitoring can later yield infiltration rates that are within the correct order of magnitude.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR01572","usgsCitation":"Dudek Ronan, A., Prudic, D.E., Thodal, C.E., and Constantz, J., 1998, Field study and simulation of diurnal temperature effects on infiltration and variably saturated flow beneath an ephemeral stream: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 9, p. 2137-2153, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01572.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2137","endPage":"2153","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr01572","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0fd8e4b0c8380cd53a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dudek Ronan, Anne","contributorId":33794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dudek Ronan","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thodal, Carl E. 0000-0003-0782-3280 cethodal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-3280","contributorId":2292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thodal","given":"Carl","email":"cethodal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020097,"text":"70020097 - 1998 - Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:47:09","indexId":"70020097","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"Adsorption/thermal desorption with multisorbent air-sampling cartridges was developed for the determination of 87 method analytes including halogenated alkanes, halogenated alkenes, ethers, alcohols, nitriles, esters, ketones, aromatics, a disulfide, and a furan. The volatilities of the compounds ranged from that of dichlorofluoromethane (CFC12) to that of 1,2,3- trichlorobenzene. The eight most volatile compounds were determined using a 1.5-L air sample and a sample cartridge containing 50 mg of Carbotrap B and 280 mg of Carboxen 1000; the remaining 79 compounds were determined using a 5-L air sample and a cartridge containing 180 mg of Carbotrap B and 70 mg of Carboxen 1000. Analysis and detection were by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The minimum detectable level (MDL) concentration values ranged from 0.01 parts per billion by volume (ppbv) for chlorobenzene to 0.4 ppbv for bromomethane; most of the MDL values were in the range 0.02-0.06 ppbv. No breakthrough was detected with the prescribed sample volumes. Analyte stability on the cartridges was very good. Excellent recoveries were obtained with independent check standards. Travel spike recoveries ranged from 90 to 110% for 72 of the 87 compounds. The recoveries were less than 70% for bromomethane and chloroethene and for a few compounds such as methyl acetate that are subject to losses by hydrolysis; the lowest travel spike recovery was obtained for bromomethane (62%). Blank values for all compounds were either below detection or very low. Ambient atmospheric sampling was conducted in New Jersey from April to December, 1997. Three sites characterized by low, moderate, and high densities of urbanization/traffic were sampled. The median detected concentrations of the compounds were either similar at all three sites (as with the chlorofluorocarbon compounds) or increased with the density of urbanization/traffic (as with dichloromethane, MTBE, benzene, and toluene). For toluene, the median detected concentrations were 0.23, 0.42, and 0.70 ppbv at the three sites. Analytical precision was measured using duplicate sampling. As expected, the precision deteriorated with decreasing concentration. At concentrations greater than 0.2 ppbv, most duplicates differed by less than 20%; below the MDL values, the differences between the duplicates were larger, but they were still typically less than 40%.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/ac980481t","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Pankow, J.F., Luo, W., Isabelle, L., Bender, D., and Baker, R., 1998, Determination of a wide range of volatile organic compounds in ambient air using multisorbent adsorption/thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 70, no. 24, p. 5213-5221, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac980481t.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5213","endPage":"5221","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac980481t"}],"volume":"70","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff8ee4b0c8380cd4f25d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pankow, J. F.","contributorId":20917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pankow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luo, W.","contributorId":71331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luo","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Isabelle, L.M.","contributorId":54746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isabelle","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bender, D.A.","contributorId":49537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baker, R.J.","contributorId":85915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020102,"text":"70020102 - 1998 - Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T09:47:55","indexId":"70020102","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems","docAbstract":"Although it is well-known that concentrations of anthropogenic radionuclides and organochlorine compounds in aquatic systems have decreased since their widespread release has stopped in the United States, the magnitude and variability of rates of decrease are not well-known. Paleolimnological studies of reservoirs provide a tool for evaluating these long-term trends in riverine systems. Rates of decrease from the 1960s to the 1990s of 137Cs, PCBs, and total DDT in dated sediment cores from 11 reservoirs in the eastern and central United States were modeled using first-order rate models. Mean half-times of 10.0 (±2.5), 9.5 (±2.2), and 13 (±5.8) yr for decay-corrected 137Cs, PCBs, and total DDT, respectively, are surprisingly similar. Similar rates of decrease in a few reservoirs are also demonstrated for chlordane and lead. Conceptual and simple mathematical models relating two soil distributions of 137Cs to trends in the cores provide insight into differences in trends between watersheds with different land uses and suggest that trends are controlled by erosion, transport, mixing, and deposition of sediments. These results, supported by similar trends reported for other settings and environmental media, could provide an estimate of the decadal response time of riverine systems to changes in the regulation of other persistent hydrophobic or particle-reactive contaminants.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9801902","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Wilson, J.T., Callender, E., and Fuller, C.C., 1998, Similar rates of decrease of persistent, hydrophobic and particle-reactive contaminants in riverine systems: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 21, p. 3312-3317, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9801902.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"3312","endPage":"3317","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":206048,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9801902"},{"id":228075,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f51e4b08c986b318e70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Jennifer T. 0000-0003-4481-6354 jenwilso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-6354","contributorId":1782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Jennifer","email":"jenwilso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Callender, Edward","contributorId":69535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Callender","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":385031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020103,"text":"70020103 - 1998 - The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:57:53","indexId":"70020103","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water","docAbstract":"Numerous studies are being conducted to investigate the occurrence, fate, and effects on human health and the environment from the extensive worldwide use of herbicides to control weeds. Few studies, however, are considering the degradates of these herbicides in their investigations. Our study of herbicides in aquifers across Iowa found herbicide degradates to be prevalent in ground water, being detected in about 75% of the wells sampled. With the exception of atrazine, the frequencies of detection in ground water for a given herbicide increased multifold when its degradates were considered. Furthermore, a majority of the measured concentration for a given herbicide was in the form of its degradates—even for a relatively persistent compound such as atrazine. For this study, degradates comprised from 60 to over 99% of a herbicide's measured concentration. Because herbicide degradates can have similar acute and chronic toxicity as their parent compounds, these compounds have environmental significance as well as providing a more complete understanding of the fate and transport of a given herbicide. Thus, it is essential that degradates are included in any type of herbicide investigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s002449900392","issn":"00904341","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Thurman, E., and Linhart, S.M., 1998, The environmental occurrence of herbicides: The importance of degradates in ground water: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 385-390, https://doi.org/10.1007/s002449900392.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"385","endPage":"390","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206049,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900392"}],"country":"United 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M.","contributorId":102517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linhart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020116,"text":"70020116 - 1998 - The role of near-stream riparian zones in the hydrology of steep upland catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:16","indexId":"70020116","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of near-stream riparian zones in the hydrology of steep upland catchments","docAbstract":"Surface and subsurface waters were monitored and sampled at various topographic positions in a 40.5-ha headwater catchment to test several hypotheses of runoff generation and stream chemical and isotopic evolution during snowmelt. Transmissivity feedback was observed on the hillslopes during the melt period. Groundwater levels and stream DOC were highly correlated with stream discharge. Hysteresis in the groundwater-streamflow relation suggests that localized water flux from the riparian areas controlled the rising limb and main peak response of the melt hydrograph, whilst hillslope drainage controlled the timing and volume of the falling limb. Lateral flow from upslope positions was detected in the riparian zone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"McDonnell, J.J., McGlynn, B., Kendall, K., Shanley, J., and Kendall, C., 1998, The role of near-stream riparian zones in the hydrology of steep upland catchments: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 248, p. 173-180.","startPage":"173","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228274,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf89e4b08c986b324889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDonnell, Jeffery J. 0000-0002-3880-3162","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-3162","contributorId":62723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonnell","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGlynn, B.L.","contributorId":106664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGlynn","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, K.","contributorId":88507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shanley, J.","contributorId":37488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70020152,"text":"70020152 - 1998 - Molybdate transport in a chemically complex aquifer: Field measurements compared with solute-transport model predictions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T07:48:45","indexId":"70020152","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molybdate transport in a chemically complex aquifer: Field measurements compared with solute-transport model predictions","docAbstract":"A natural-gradient tracer test was conducted in an unconfined sand and gravel aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Molybdate was included in the injectate to study the effects of variable groundwater chemistry on its aqueous distribution and to evaluate the reliability of laboratory experiments for identifying and quantifying reactions that control the transport of reactive solutes in groundwater. Transport of molybdate in this aquifer was controlled by adsorption. The amount adsorbed varied with aqueous chemistry that changed with depth as freshwater recharge mixed with a plume of sewage-contaminated groundwater. Molybdate adsorption was strongest near the water table where pH (5.7) and the concentration of the competing solutes phosphate (2.3 micromolar) and sulfate (86 micromolar) were low. Adsorption of molybdate decreased with depth as pH increased to 6.5, phosphate increased to 40 micromolar, and sulfate increased to 340 micromolar. A one-site diffuse-layer surface-complexation model and a two-site diffuse-layer surface-complexation model were used to simulate adsorption. Reactions and equilibrium constants for both models were determined in laboratory experiments and used in the reactive-transport model PHAST to simulate the two-dimensional transport of molybdate during the tracer test. No geochemical parameters were adjusted in the simulation to improve the fit between model and field data. Both models simulated the travel distance of the molybdate cloud to within 10% during the 2-year tracer test; however, the two-site diffuse-layer model more accurately simulated the molybdate concentration distribution within the cloud.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR02163","usgsCitation":"Stollenwerk, K.G., 1998, Molybdate transport in a chemically complex aquifer: Field measurements compared with solute-transport model predictions: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 10, p. 2727-2740, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR02163.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2727","endPage":"2740","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228233,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"34","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d27e4b0c8380cd701c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":385214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020161,"text":"70020161 - 1998 - Application of the surface complexation concept to complex mineral assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:20:28","indexId":"70020161","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the surface complexation concept to complex mineral assemblages","docAbstract":"Two types of modeling approaches are illustrated for describing inorganic contaminant adsorption in aqueous environments: (a) the component additivity approach and (b) the generalized composite approach. Each approach is applied to simulate Zn2+ adsorption by a well-characterized sediment collected from an aquifer at Cape Cod, MA. Zn2+ adsorption by the sediment was studied in laboratory batch experiments with a range of pH and Zn(II) concentrations selected to encompass conditions observed in the aquifer. In the generalized composite approach, one, and two-site surface complexation model parameters were calibrated with the experimental data using FITEQL. The pH dependence of Zn2+ adsorption was simulated without explicit representation of electrostatic energy terms. Surface acidity constants and ion pair formation by major electrolyte ions were also not required in the model thereby minimizing the number of fitted parameters. Predictions of Zn2+ adsorption with the component additivity modeling approach did not simulate the experimental data adequately without manipulation of surface area or site density parameter values. To apply the component additivity approach to environmental sorbents, further research is needed to better characterize the composition of sediment surface coatings. The generalized composite modeling approach requires less information and can be viewed as more practical for application within solute transport models. With only three adjustable parameters, this approach could simulate Zn2+ adsorption over a range of chemical conditions that would cause several orders of magnitude variation in the distribution coefficient (K(d)) for Zn2+ within the aquifer.Two types of modeling approaches are illustrated for describing inorganic contaminant adsorption in aqueous environments: (a) the component additivity approach and (b) the generalized composite approach. Each approach is applied to simulate Zn2+ adsorption by a well-characterized sediment collected from an aquifer at Cape Cod, MA. Zn2+ adsorption by the sediment was studied in laboratory batch experiments with a range of pH and Zn(II) concentrations selected to encompass conditions observed in the aquifer. In the generalized composite approach, one- and two-site surface complexation model parameters were calibrated with the experimental data using FITEQL. The pH dependence of Zn2+ adsorption was simulated without explicit representation of electrostatic energy terms. Surface acidity constants and ion pair formation by major electrolyte ions were also not required in the model, thereby minimizing the number of fitted parameters. Predictions of Zn2+ adsorption with the component additivity modeling approach did not simulate the experimental data adequately without manipulation of surface area or site density parameter values. To apply the component additivity approach to environmental sorbents, further research is needed to better characterize the composition of sediment surface coatings. The generalized composite modeling approach requires less information and can be viewed as more practical for application within solute transport models. With only three adjustable parameters, this approach could simulate Zn2+ adsorption over a range of chemical conditions that would cause several orders of magnitude variation in the distribution coefficient (Kd) for Zn2+ within the aquifer.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es980312q","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Davis, J., Coston, J., Kent, D., and Fuller, C.C., 1998, Application of the surface complexation concept to complex mineral assemblages: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 19, p. 2820-2828, https://doi.org/10.1021/es980312q.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2820","endPage":"2828","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227709,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205970,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es980312q"}],"volume":"32","issue":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecbae4b0c8380cd49452","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coston, J.A.","contributorId":59572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coston","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kent, D.B.","contributorId":16588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kent","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, C. C.","contributorId":29858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020169,"text":"70020169 - 1998 - Metal exposures to native populations of the caddisfly Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) determined from cytosolic and whole body metal concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T10:45:32.386053","indexId":"70020169","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Metal exposures to native populations of the caddisfly Hydropsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) determined from cytosolic and whole body metal concentrations","docAbstract":"Metal concentrations of the soluble fraction of the cytoplasm (cytosol) and the whole body were determined in the caddisfly Hydropsyche spp. (Trichoptera). Metal accumulation in the cytosol and the whole body were compared in samples collected along 380 kms of a contamination gradient in the Clark Fork river in four consecutive years (1992–1995), and from a contaminated tributary (Flint Creek). Samples from the contaminated sites were compared to an uncontaminated tributary (Blackfoot River). Relations between cytosolic metal concentration and cytosolic protein (used as a general biomarker of protein metabolism) also were examined in 1994 and 1995. Relative to whole body concentrations, cytosolic metal concentrations varied among metals and years. Spatial patterns in whole body and cytosolic Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations were qualitatively similar each year, and these concentrations generally corresponded to contamination levels measured in bed sediments. The proportions of metals recovered in the cytosol of ranged from 12 to 64% for Cd and Cu and from 2 to 38% for Pb. Zinc in the whole body also was consistent with contamination levels, but cytosolic Zn concentrations increased only at the highest whole body Zn concentrations. As a result, the proportion of Zn recovered in the cytosol ranged from 16 to 63% and tended to be inversely related to whole body Zn concentrations. The proportions of cytosolic metals varied significantly among years and, as a result, interannual differences in metal concentrations were greater in the cytosol than in the whole body. The results demonstrated that Hydropsyche in the river were chronically exposed to biologically available metals. Some features of this exposure were not evident from whole body concentrations. In general, protein levels did not correspond to cytosolic metal concentrations. A variety of environmental factors could interact with metal exposures to produce complex responses in protein metabolism. Systematic study will be necessary to differentiate the effects of multiple environmental stressors on organisms living in contaminated ecosystems.
Seasonal and annual variation in biomass and structure of algal assemblages of hyposaline Devils Lake were examined in relation to turbidity, ambient concentrations of major ions, trace elements and nutrients, and the standing crop of herbivores. Lake level declined during the early years of study, but rose markedly in subsequent years as historically large volumes of water flowed into this hydrologically-closed basin. Winter algal assemblages were dominated (in biomass) most years by small, non-motile chlorophytes ( Choricystis minor, Kirchneriella lunaris or Dunaliella sp.), or Euglena sp. in the most saline sub-basin. Spring assemblages were dominated by diatoms (Stephanodiscus cf. minutulus, Surirella peisonis, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Entomoneis paludosa were especially prominent) or chlorophytes ( C. minor) until the lake level rose. C. minor abundances then declined in spring assemblages and diatoms ( Stephanodiscus cf. agassizensis and S. niagarae; E. paludosa in the more saline sub-basins) dominated. The potential for nitrogen-deficient conditions for phytoplankton growth was evidenced most summers and early autumns by consistently high concentrations of reactive-P relative to inorganic-N and blooms of the N-fixing cyanophyte Aphanizomenon flos-aquae; Microcystis aeruginosa typically was a co-dominant (>30% of biomass) in these assemblages. Pulses of diatoms ( S. cf. agassizensis and C. meneghiniana) occurred in summers following unusually prolonged periods of calm weather or large water inflows. Physical (irradiance, turbulence) and chemical (major nutrients) variables were the primary factors associated with phytoplankton growth. Transparency and major nutrient concentrations accounted for more of the annual variation in phytoplankton structure than did salinity. Seasonal abundance patterns of the dominant zooplankton (the copepod Diaptomus sicilis; the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, Chydorus sphaericus, Daphnia pulex and Diaphanosoma birgei; and the rotifers Brachionus spp., Filinia longiseta, Keratella cochlearis and K. quadrata) also indicated variation in algal populations related to grazing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1023/A:1003274705074","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., and Berkas, W., 1998, Temporal variation in plankton assemblages and physicochemistry of Devils Lake, North Dakota: Hydrobiologia, v. 377, no. 1-3, p. 57-71, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003274705074.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"377","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba529e4b08c986b320862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berkas, W.R.","contributorId":59808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkas","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020270,"text":"70020270 - 1998 - The use of coupled atmospheric and hydrological models for water-resources management in headwater basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:20","indexId":"70020270","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1934,"text":"IAHS-AISH Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of coupled atmospheric and hydrological models for water-resources management in headwater basins","docAbstract":"Coupled atmospheric and hydrological models provide an opportunity for the improved management of water resources in headwater basins. Issues currently limiting full implementation of coupled-model methodologies include (a) the degree of uncertainty in the accuracy of precipitation and other meteorological variables simulated by atmospheric models, and (b) the problem of discordant scales between atmospheric and bydrological models. Alternative methodologies being developed to address these issues are reviewed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"IAHS-AISH Publication","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"01447815","usgsCitation":"Leavesley, G., and Hay, L., 1998, The use of coupled atmospheric and hydrological models for water-resources management in headwater basins: IAHS-AISH Publication, v. 248, p. 259-265.","startPage":"259","endPage":"265","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":231246,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"248","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb164e4b08c986b325303","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leavesley, G.","contributorId":90483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavesley","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, L.","contributorId":72103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":385594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020291,"text":"70020291 - 1998 - Radar attenuation tomography using the centroid frequency downshift method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T09:56:30","indexId":"70020291","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radar attenuation tomography using the centroid frequency downshift method","docAbstract":"A method for tomographically estimating electromagnetic (EM) wave attenuation based on analysis of centroid frequency downshift (CFDS) of impulse radar signals is described and applied to cross-hole radar data. The method is based on a constant-Q model, which assumes a linear frequency dependence of attenuation for EM wave propagation above the transition frequency. The method uses the CFDS to construct the projection function. In comparison with other methods for estimating attenuation, the CFDS method is relatively insensitive to the effects of geometric spreading, instrument response, and antenna coupling and radiation pattern, but requires the data to be broadband so that the frequency shift and variance can be easily measured. The method is well-suited for difference tomography experiments using electrically conductive tracers. The CFDS method was tested using cross-hole radar data collected at the U.S. Geological Survey Fractured Rock Research Site at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire (NH) during a saline-tracer injection experiment. The attenuation-difference tomogram created with the CFDS method outlines the spatial distribution of saline tracer within the tomography plane.