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","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19557,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/0073/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc4cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valentine, Page C. 0000-0002-0485-6266 pvalentine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-6266","contributorId":1947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"Page","email":"pvalentine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":207201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmuck, Eric A.","contributorId":6103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmuck","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":207200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ryland, Carol A.","contributorId":46140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryland","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":207203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5515,"text":"fs14295 - 1995 - National Water-Quality Assessment Program; summary of pesticide data collected on West Prong Old River near Dayton, Texas, March to September 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T17:12:55","indexId":"fs14295","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"142-95","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program; summary of pesticide data collected on West Prong Old River near Dayton, Texas, March to September 1994","docAbstract":"The Trinity River Basin study-unit assessment began in October 1991, with 2 years dedicated to planning, analyzing existing information, and designing data-collection networks, surveys, and studies. Then, a 3-year intensive data-collection program was initiated. The assessment followed guidelines provided by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program National Synthesis team and considered suggestions made by the study unit's liaison committee. One of the issues selected for study concerned the quality of runoff in the coastal prairie. The study includes collecting streamflow, water-quality, and watershed data on three streams, each representing watersheds in different parts of the coastal prairie. This fact sheet presents a summary of the pesticide data collected on West Prong Old River from March to September 1994.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs14295","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995, National Water-Quality Assessment Program; summary of pesticide data collected on West Prong Old River near Dayton, Texas, March to September 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 142-95, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14295.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32083,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0142/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.01 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":125293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0142/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"West Prong Old River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.4,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -95.4,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 29\n ],\n [\n -95.4,\n 29\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69851d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25431,"text":"wri954122 - 1995 - Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:06:59","indexId":"wri954122","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4122","title":"Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system","docAbstract":"The Susquehanna River drains 27,510 square miles in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland and is the largest tributary to the Chesapeake Bay. Three large hydroelectric dams are located on the river, Safe Harbor (Lake Clarke) and Holtwood (Lake Aldred) in southern Pennsylvania, and Conowingo (Conowingo Reservoir) in northern Maryland. About 259 million tons of sediment have been deposited in the three reservoirs. Lake Clarke contains about 90.7 million tons of sediment, Lake Aldred contains about 13.6 million tons, and Conowingo Reservoir contains about 155 million tons. An estimated 64.8 million tons of sand, 19.7 million tons of coal, 112 million tons of silt, and 63.3 million tons of clay are deposited in the three reservoirs. Deposition in the reservoirs is variable and ranges from 0 to 30 feet. Chemical analyses of sediment core samples indicate that the three reservoirs combined contain about 814,000 tons of organic nitrogen, 98,900 tons of ammonia as nitrogen, 226,000 tons of phosphorus, 5,610,000 1tons of iron, 2,250,000 tons of aluminum, and about 409,000 tons of manganese. Historical data indicate that Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred have reached equilibrium, and that they no longer store sediment. A comparison of cross-sectional data from Lake Clarke and Lake Aldred with data from Conowingo Reservoir indicates that Conowingo Reservoir will reach equilibrium within the next 20 to 30 years. As the Conowingo Reservoir fills with sediment and approaches equilibrium, the amount of sediment transported to the Chesapeake Bay will increase. The most notable increases will take place when very high flows scour the deposited sediment. Sediment transport through the reservoir system was simulated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' HEC-6 computer model. The model was calibrated with monthly sediment loads for calendar year 1987. Calibration runs with options set for maximum trap efficiency and a "natural" particle-size distribution resulted in an overall computed trap efficiency of 34 percent for 1987, much less than the measured efficiency of 71 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954122","usgsCitation":"Hainly, R., Reed, L., Flippo, H., and Barton, G.J., 1995, Deposition and simulation of sediment transport in the Lower Susquehanna River reservoir system: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4122, vi, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954122.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124168,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4122/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4122/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5455dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hainly, R.A.","contributorId":45732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hainly","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flippo, H.N. Jr.","contributorId":96301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flippo","given":"H.N.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, G. J.","contributorId":58660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111616,"text":"70111616 - 1995 - Evaluation of 11 equations for determining evaporation for a small lake in the North Central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T11:07:26","indexId":"70111616","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-05T15:52:16","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of 11 equations for determining evaporation for a small lake in the North Central United States","docAbstract":"Eleven equations for calculating evaporation were compared with evaporation determined by the energy budget method for Williams Lake, Minnesota. Data were obtained from instruments on a raft, on land near the lake, and at a weather station 60 km south of the lake. The comparisons were based on monthly values for the open-water periods of 5 years, a total of 22 months. A modified DeBruin-Keijman, Priestley-Taylor, and a modified Penman equation resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed most closely with energy budget values. To use these equations, net radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity need to be measured near the lake. In addition, thermal surveys need to be made to determine change in heat stored in the lake. If data from distant climate stations are the only data available, and they include solar radiation, the Jensen-Haise and Makkink equations resulted in monthly evaporation values that agreed reasonably well with energy budget values.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94WR02537","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D.O., and Sturrock, A., 1995, Evaluation of 11 equations for determining evaporation for a small lake in the North Central United States: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 4, p. 983-993, https://doi.org/10.1029/94WR02537.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"993","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":629,"text":"Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53919164e4b06f80638265c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sturrock, A.M.","contributorId":25947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70199898,"text":"70199898 - 1995 - Responsibilities and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey related to mining and the environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:21:29","indexId":"70199898","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T08:20:32","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Responsibilities and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey related to mining and the environment","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Workshop report: Mine waste technical forum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Mine Wast Technical Forum","conferenceDate":"July 25-27, 1995","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., 1995, Responsibilities and activities of the U.S. Geological Survey related to mining and the environment, chap. of Workshop report: Mine waste technical forum, p. 3-63.","productDescription":"61 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"63","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c110e11e4b034bf6a810d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70174707,"text":"70174707 - 1995 - Technical clarity in inter-agency negotiations: Lessons from four hydropower projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-14T15:50:48","indexId":"70174707","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Technical clarity in inter-agency negotiations: Lessons from four hydropower projects","docAbstract":"We investigated the effect of technical clarity on success in multi-party negotiations in the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) licensing process. Technical clarity is the shared understanding of dimensions such as the geographic extent of the project, range of flows to be considered, important species and life stages, and variety of water uses considered. The results of four hydropower licensing consultations are reported. Key participants were interviewed to ascertain the level of technical clarity present during the consultations and the degree to which the consultations were successful. Technical clarity appears to be a prerequisite for successful outcomes. Factors that enhance technical clarity include simple project design, new rather than existing projects, precise definition of issues, a sense of urgency to reach agreement, a sense of fairness among participants, and consistency in participation. Negotiators should not neglect the critical pre-negotiation steps of defining technical issues and determining appropriate studies, deciding how to interpret studies, and agreeing on responses to study results.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03372.x","usgsCitation":"Burkardt, N., Lamb, B.L., Taylor, J.G., and Waddle, T.J., 1995, Technical clarity in inter-agency negotiations: Lessons from four hydropower projects: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 31, no. 2, p. 187-198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03372.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"198","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5788b7bee4b0d27deb387034","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkardt, Nina 0000-0002-9392-9251 burkardtn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9251","contributorId":2781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkardt","given":"Nina","email":"burkardtn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton Lee","contributorId":96784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":68237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":87167,"text":"87167 - 1995 - Wolf predation on caribou calves in Denali National Park, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T18:07:05","indexId":"87167","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5411,"text":"Occasional Publication of the Canadian Circumpolar Institute","printIssn":"006-0303","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":19}},"chapter":"35","title":"Wolf predation on caribou calves in Denali National Park, Alaska","docAbstract":"During 1987-1991, 29 to 45 radio-collared caribou cows were monitored daily during calving each year and their calves were radio-collared (n = 147 calves) to investigate calf production and survival. We determined characteristics of wolf predation on caribou calves and, utilizing information from a companion wolf study, evaluated the role of spacing by caribou cows in minimizing wolf predation on neonates (calves < 15 days old) during a period when wolf abundance doubled. On average, 49% of the neonates died, ranging from 30% in 1987 to 71% in 1991. Overall, wolves killed 22% of the neonates produced and were the most important mortality agent. Wolves preyed on calves primarily during six days following the peak of calving and usually killed calves five to 15 days old. The mortality rate for neonates was strongly inversely correlated with average birthweight. Neonatal losses to wolves were also correlated with birthweight but not spring wolf density or mean calving elevation. Caribou concentrated on a calving ground when spring snow conditions allowed and adjusted their distribution on the calving ground depending on snow conditions and wolf distribution and abundance. Even though the wolf population doubled, the exposure of caribou calves to wolf predation did not increase, when spacing by caribou at the wolf pack territory scale was accounted for.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Second North American Symposium on Wolves","conferenceDate":"25-27 August 1992","conferenceLocation":"Edmonton, AB","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Circumpolar Institute, University of Alberta","publisherLocation":"Edmonton, AB","issn":"006-0303","isbn":"0-919058-92-2","usgsCitation":"Adams, L., Dale, B., and Mech, L.D., 1995, Wolf predation on caribou calves in Denali National Park, Alaska, in Ecology and conservation of wolves in a changing world: Proceedings of the second North American symposium on wolves: Occasional Publication 35, Edmonton, AB, 25-27 August 1992, p. 245-260.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"260","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bbc2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Carbyn, Ludwig N.","contributorId":113476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbyn","given":"Ludwig","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504825,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fritts, Steven H.","contributorId":93975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritts","given":"Steven H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504823,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seip, Dale R.","contributorId":112067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seip","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504824,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dale, B.","contributorId":60570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156921,"text":"70156921 - 1995 - Seasonal-to-interannual fluctuations in surface temperature over the Pacific: effects of monthly winds and heat fluxes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T10:59:14","indexId":"70156921","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal-to-interannual fluctuations in surface temperature over the Pacific: effects of monthly winds and heat fluxes","docAbstract":"Monthly heat fluxes and wind stresses are used to force the Oberhuber isopycnic ocean general-circulation (OPYC) model of the Pacific basin over a two-decade period from 1970 to 1988. The surface forcings are constructed from COADS marine observations via bulk formulae. Monthly anomalies of the fluxes and stresses are superimposed upon model climatological means of these variables, which were saved from a long spin-up. Two aspects of this work are highlighted, both aimed at a better understanding of the atmosphere-ocean variability and exchanges and at diagnosing the performance of the OPYC model in simulating monthly to decadal-scale variability. The first is the evaluation of the data used to force the model ocean, along with its relationship to other observed data. The second is the diagnosis of the processes revealed in the model that are associated with sea surface temperature (SST) variability, including their seasonal and geographic structure.
\nAlthough both random and systematic errors arise from the marine data and the bulk formulations, large signals in the air-sea fluxes are nonetheless consistent with the large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies over the Pacific. This signal is large in a composite prepared from months with similar circulation modes. Also, latent and sensible heat-flux anomaly patterns correspond well to those of SST anomaly tendencies. Considering short-period variations, SST anomaly tendencies have typical magnitudes of 0.3°C mo-1. These are associated with monthly mean flux anomalies having typical magnitudes of 50 W m-2 and are consistent with observed mixed-layer depths. Decadal anomalies have much smaller magnitudes, perhaps reduced by two orders of magnitude, and it is here that the signal-to-noise problem is more severe. The forcing terms are generally products of variables, so realistic means and fluctuations of these variables are crucial for a successful simulation.
\nThe 19-year simulation of the Pacific basin by the monthly marine data-forced OPYC model displays good skill in reproducing SST variability. These results represent the first hindcast of which we are aware that uses both observed total heat-flux and wind-stress anomalies as forcing for such a long time interval. There is close agreement between the model SSTs and those observed in many regions of the Pacific, including the tropics and the northern extratropics. Besides performing credibly on the monthly time scale, the model captures the essence of low-frequency variability over the North Pacific, including aspects of a marked basin-wide change that occurred in 1976-1977. In the model's detailed heat budget, the anomalous air-sea heat fluxes, entrainment, and to a lesser extent horizontal advection, force thermal-anomaly changes in the mixed layer. Each of these components was apparently involved in the 1976-1977 decadal SST shift.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales","language":"English","publisher":"The National Academies Press","isbn":"978-0-309-12722-6","usgsCitation":"Cayan, D.R., Miller, A.J., Barnett, T.P., Graham, N.E., Ritchie, J.N., and Oberhuber, J.M., 1995, Seasonal-to-interannual fluctuations in surface temperature over the Pacific: effects of monthly winds and heat fluxes, chap. of Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales, p. 133-150.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"150","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1970-01-01","temporalEnd":"1988-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307821,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/5142/natural-climate-variability-on-decade-to-century-time-scales"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6f9e4b058f706e53e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Arthur J.","contributorId":147311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnett, Tim P.","contributorId":147312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnett","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graham, Nicholas E.","contributorId":147313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ritchie, Jack N.","contributorId":147314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13613,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California, San Diego), La Jolla, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oberhuber, Josef M.","contributorId":147315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberhuber","given":"Josef","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70174331,"text":"70174331 - 1995 - Diagnostic modeling of trace metal partitioning in south San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T09:46:22","indexId":"70174331","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagnostic modeling of trace metal partitioning in south San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"The two-dimensional numerical model ELAmet was used to investigate the effect of adsorption kinetics on the apparent distribution coefficients of Cu, Cd, and Zn in south San Francisco Bay, California. The numerical experiments were designed to determine whether adsorption kinetics can control the basin-scale variability of the observed partitioning and to define the conditions under which adsorption kinetics could account for strong interannual variability in partitioning.
\nThe numerical results indicate that aqueous speciation will control basin-scale spatial variations in the apparent distribution coefficient, Kda, if the system is close to equilibrium. However, basin-scale spatial variations in Kda are determined by the location of the sources of metal and the suspended solids concentration of the receiving water if the system is far from equilibrium. The overall spatial variability in Kda also increases as the system moves away from equilibrium.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO Publications","doi":"10.4319/lo.1995.40.2.0345","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.W., Baptista, A.M., Kuwabara, J., and Flegal, A., 1995, Diagnostic modeling of trace metal partitioning in south San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 2, p. 345-358, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.2.0345.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"358","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.2.0345","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 37.41598184194613\n ],\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 37.81195385919268\n ],\n [\n -121.89331054687499,\n 37.81195385919268\n ],\n [\n -121.89331054687499,\n 37.41598184194613\n ],\n [\n -122.42340087890624,\n 37.41598184194613\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb4e4b08116168222fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, T. W.","contributorId":172753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baptista, A. M.","contributorId":172754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baptista","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flegal, A.R.","contributorId":64607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flegal","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157137,"text":"70157137 - 1995 - Molecular and isotopic tracers used to examine sources of organic matter and its incorporation into the food webs of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T07:08:10","indexId":"70157137","displayToPublicDate":"1996-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Molecular and isotopic tracers used to examine sources of organic matter and its incorporation into the food webs of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Multiple indicators (Chl a, C : N ratios, [δ13C]POC, and two classes of lipid biomarker compounds- sterols and phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids) were used to evaluate spatial and temporal variations in the origin of particulate organic matter (POM) in the San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary. Comparisons were made between the northern and southern subestuaries of SFB, as well as along the salinity gradient of northern SFB. Two sample types were collected-seston, which was used to characterize the bulk POM, and tissues of the suspension-feeding bivalve Potamocorbula amurensis -in order to evaluate the assimilable portion of the POM. Samples were collected around biological and physical events (phytoplankton blooms and freshwater inflow) thought to be the primary mechanisms controlling temporal variability in organic matter sources. Seston samples indicate that phytoplankton sources of POM are important throughout the entire SFB system, with additional inputs of organic matter from bacterial and terrestrial vascular plant sources delivered to the northern region. Analysis of biomarker compounds in P. amurensis tissues indicates that phytoplankton supply a large fraction of the assimilable carbon to clams throughout SFB, although isotopic analysis of clam tissues suggests that the origin of this reactive carbon varies spatially and that freshwater algae are an important source of reactive organic matter to clams living in northern SFB.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0067","usgsCitation":"Canuel, E.A., Cloern, J.E., Ringelberg, D.B., Guckert, J.B., and Rau, G.H., 1995, Molecular and isotopic tracers used to examine sources of organic matter and its incorporation into the food webs of San Francisco Bay: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 40, no. 1, p. 67-81, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.1.0067.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-17","temporalEnd":"1991-04-11","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.67633056640624,\n 38.1734326790354\n ],\n [\n -121.67358398437499,\n 37.99183365313853\n ],\n [\n -122.025146484375,\n 38.0437651074397\n ],\n [\n -122.15972900390624,\n 38.004819966413194\n ],\n [\n -122.2283935546875,\n 38.037275688165614\n ],\n [\n -122.39044189453124,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -122.28607177734376,\n 37.90953361677018\n ],\n [\n -122.08007812499999,\n 37.59464778787345\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 37.45959832290546\n ],\n [\n -121.94549560546875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -122.10479736328125,\n 37.42034463389752\n ],\n [\n -122.26959228515624,\n 37.55328764595765\n ],\n [\n -122.39318847656249,\n 37.59247151101911\n ],\n [\n -122.53875732421875,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.13023573104302\n ],\n [\n -122.27508544921875,\n 38.278078995562105\n ],\n [\n -122.244873046875,\n 38.10430528370985\n ],\n [\n -122.15698242187499,\n 38.078365629967145\n ],\n [\n -122.00317382812499,\n 38.16263584058641\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 38.09782123329514\n ],\n [\n -121.79718017578124,\n 38.08701320402273\n ],\n [\n -121.67633056640624,\n 38.1734326790354\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15831e4b0dacf699eb96d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Canuel, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":98604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canuel","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ringelberg, David B.","contributorId":147458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ringelberg","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guckert, James B.","contributorId":147459,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guckert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rau, Greg H.","contributorId":78963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rau","given":"Greg","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":22025,"text":"ofr95628 - 1995 - Preliminary analysis of down-core biotic assemblages Bob Allen Keys, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T17:27:15.453538","indexId":"ofr95628","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-31T22:00:00","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-628","displayTitle":"Preliminary Analysis of Down-Core Biotic Assemblages Bob Allen Keys, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay","title":"Preliminary analysis of down-core biotic assemblages Bob Allen Keys, Everglades National Park, Florida Bay","docAbstract":"A series of short piston cores (< 2m) were taken from eleven stations in Florida Bay in May, 1994 by researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (St. Petersburg, FL., Woods Hole, MA., and Denver CO.) in cooperation with South Florida Water Management District, and the Everglades National Park, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Core 6A from Bob Allen Keys (25° 1.391” N, 80°39.41” W) penetrated 172 cm of Holocene sediments in 0.6 m of water on a grass covered mud bank, approximately 1.75 miles (2.82 km) east of the water monitoring station on the southern end of the Bob Allen Keys. Core 6A was sampled for particle size, insoluble residue, water content, loss on ignition, Pb210, Rasup>222, and paleontologic analyses. Here we present the results of the preliminary paleontologic analyses of the biotic components from core #6A.
The Everglades/Florida Bay ecosystem has formed over the last 5000 years at the southern tip of peninsular Florida. Here it has been influenced by Atlantic, Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico waters, and by tropical and subtropical climatic regimes. This location ensures that over time the ecosystem has undergone climatic changes on both a seasonal and long term basis, and that it has been subjected to many major storms. Additionally, in the last century, the hydrologic regime of the region has been altered profoundly through construction of a canal system to control flooding in southern Florida. This system regulates the timing and amount of freshwater flow into Florida Bay. Recently, algal blooms, seagrass, and sponge die-offs, and declining numbers of shellfish, have been reported in Florida Bay; although it has been assumed that these changes have resulted from human alteration of freshwater flow into the bay, this assumption has not been rigorously tested.
The research described here is part of a project designed to examine the history of the Everglades/Florida Bay ecosystem over the last 150 years and to test assumptions of cause and effect. The purpose of the project is two-fold; first, to determine the characteristics of the ecosystem prior to significant human-induced alteration, including the natural range of variation in the ecosystem. This information will establish a baseline for restoration of the system. Second, the project aims to establish the extent, range, and timing of changes to the ecosystem over the last 150 years, and to determine whether these changes correlate with human alteration of the environment, or meteorological patterns, such as precipitation and major storms, or a combination of factors.
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No abstract available.
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Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bybell, Laurel M. 0000-0002-4760-7542 lbybell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-7542","contributorId":1760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bybell","given":"Laurel","email":"lbybell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":818314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70204240,"text":"70204240 - 1995 - Direct denitrification in mangrove sediments in Terminos Lagoon, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-15T16:04:51","indexId":"70204240","displayToPublicDate":"1995-12-31T15:51:14","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct denitrification in mangrove sediments in Terminos Lagoon, Mexico","docAbstract":"Rates of direct denitrification were measured using 15N isotope tchniques in intact sediment cores from fringe and basin mangroves in Terminos Lagoon, Mexico. Sediments were injected with 15NO3- and the distribution of 15N was measured over time in the head space, overlying water, and sediments. Experiments included an investigation of spatial variation in denitrification rates by comparing results from the fringe and basin mangroves in the rainy season (July 1991); a second experiment was to determine the effect of 3 different NO3- concentrations (25, 100, 200 umol core-115N-KNO3-) on denitrification rates and was performed in the fringe mangrove during the 'Norte' season (January 1992). Highest 15N-N2 fluxes were measured in the fringe mangrove at 9.4 umol m-2 h-1, while denitrification rates in the basin mangrove ranged from 1.9 to 4.5 umol m-2 h-1. 15N-N2 fluxes in sediment cores from the fringe mangrove were significantly higher (4.5 to 7.7 umol m-2 h-1) in cores enriched with 200 umol core-115N-KNO3- compared to cores enriched with 25 and 100 umol core-115N-KNO3- (<1 umol m-2 h-1). Most of the applied 15N was recovered as particulate nitrogen in the sediment and a small fraction reduced to NH4+ in both experiments. The low denitrification rates observed in the fringe and basin mangroves indicate that the capacity for sediment denitrification is limited by low NO3- availability. Previous nutrient exchange studies concluded that the fringe mangrove was a 'sink' of NO3-since sediment uptake of NO3- was assumed lost through denitrification. Results from this study show <10% of sediment NO3- uptake in fringe mangroves may be lost to denitrification; the remainder being immobilized in the sediment.
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Versteeg, 1995, Collecting single and multichannel seismic‐reflection data in shallow water‐near Aberdeen proving ground, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, in SEG Technical Program expanded abstracts 1995, Houston TX, October 8-13, 1995, p. 422-425, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1887212.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"422","endPage":"425","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368634,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Aberdeen Proving Ground, Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.28494262695312,\n 39.49026449493615\n ],\n [\n -76.50054931640625,\n 39.30667511534216\n ],\n [\n -76.387939453125,\n 39.2173592639196\n ],\n [\n -76.30691528320311,\n 39.19448036993607\n ],\n [\n -76.07551574707031,\n 39.37093327496136\n ],\n [\n -76.12495422363281,\n 39.48231543921616\n ],\n [\n -76.28494262695312,\n 39.49026449493615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, William L.","contributorId":220045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roelof J. 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Data were collected over different time scales from 11 sites representing salt, brackish, and intermediate marshes, shallow water substrates, and regularly-flooded and partially impounded marshes located in Terrebonne, Barataria, and Pontchartrain basins. Storm tide data were collected at 6 hydrograph stations located in the vicinity of the sediment sampling sites. Significant sediment deposition and surface elevation changes were associated with the occurrence of storm tides both near and far (up to 130 km away) from the track of the storm. Short-term sediment deposition indicated an increase of up to 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to pre-storm rates. This increased rate remained high for up to 12 weeks, suggesting that material brought in by the storm was available for resuspension and deposition. But short-term sediment deposition decreased precipitously after passage of the first major cold front across Louisiana, suggesting that the sediment made available by the storm was removed or consolidated. The storm-associated sediments were characteristically coarser with lower organic matter content than the pre-storm marsh soils. Marsh vertical accretion and surface elevation change were enhanced on both semi-annual and annual time scales for all sites we studied. This single storm generated 2–6 cm more vertical accretion than occurred in either the year before or after the storm. Sediment was both introduced from outside the coastal marsh system and redistributed as the marsh substrate eroded. At shallow water sites, elevation increases were greater and were maintained near wave barriers constructed to baffle water movement while unprotected areas had smaller increases and quickly lost whatever gains had occurred. These findings indicate the potential importance of hurricanes in providing a pulse of sediment on a broad geographic scale to balance the effects of subsidence in this rapidly subsiding delta. These results further suggest that hurricanes play a large role in coastal marsh survival, particularly for marshes remote or isolated (i.e., impounded) from a riverine source of sediment.
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