A multispecies numerical code was developed to simulate flow and mass transport with kinetic adsorption in variable-density flow systems. The two-dimensional code simulated the transport of bromide (Br−), a nonreactive tracer, and lithium (Li+), a reactive tracer, in a large-scale tracer test performed in a sand-and-gravel aquifer at Cape Cod, Massachusetts. A two-fraction kinetic adsorption model was implemented to simulate the interaction of Li+ with the aquifer solids. Initial estimates for some of the transport parameters were obtained from a nonlinear least squares curve-fitting procedure, where the breakthrough curves from column experiments were matched with one-dimensional theoretical models. The numerical code successfully simulated the basic characteristics of the two plumes in the tracer test. At early times the centers of mass of Br− and Li+ sank because the two plumes were closely coupled to the density-driven velocity field. At later times the rate of downward movement in the Br− plume due to gravity slowed significantly because of dilution by dispersion. The downward movement of the Li+ plume was negligible because the two plumes moved in locally different velocity regimes, where Li+ transport was retarded relative to Br−. The maximum extent of downward transport of the Li+ plume was less than that of the Br− plume. This study also found that at early times the downward movement of a plume created by a three-dimensional source could be much more extensive than the case with a two-dimensional source having the same cross-sectional area. The observed shape of the Br− plume at Cape Cod was simulated by adding two layers with different hydraulic conductivities at shallow depth across the region. The large dispersion and asymmetrical shape of the Li+ plume were simulated by including kinetic adsorption-desorption reactions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/97WR02918","usgsCitation":"Zhang, H., Schwartz, F.W., Wood, W., Garabedian, S., and LeBlanc, D., 1998, Simulation of variable-density flow and transport of reactive and nonreactive solutes during a tracer test at Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 1, p. 67-82, https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR02918.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"82","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/97wr02918","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b6e4b08c986b31963e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Hubao","contributorId":196105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Hubao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Frank W.","contributorId":196083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Warren W.","contributorId":47770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Warren W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":388337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garabedian, S. P.","contributorId":56657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garabedian","given":"S. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"LeBlanc, D.R.","contributorId":87141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70021018,"text":"70021018 - 1998 - Simulated effects of irrigation on salinity in the Arkansas River Valley in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T07:59:50","indexId":"70021018","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated effects of irrigation on salinity in the Arkansas River Valley in Colorado","docAbstract":"Agricultural irrigation has a substantial impact on water quantity and quality in the lower Arkansas River valley of southeastern Colorado. A two-dimensional flow and solute transport model was used to evaluate the potential effects of changes in irrigation on the quantity and quality of water in the alluvial aquifer and in the Arkansas River along an 17.7 km reach of the fiver. The model was calibrated to aquifer water level and dissolved solids concentration data collected throughout the 24 year study period (197195). Two categories of irrigation management were simulated with the calibrated model: (1) a decrease in ground water withdrawals for irrigation; and (2) cessation of all irrigation from ground water and surface water sources. In the modeled category of decreased irrigation from ground water pumping, there was a resulting 6.9% decrease in the average monthly ground water salinity, a 0.6% decrease in average monthly river salinity, and an 11.1% increase in ground water return flows to the river. In the modeled category of the cessation of all irrigation, average monthly ground water salinity decreased by 25%; average monthly river salinity decreased by 4.4%; and ground water return flows to the river decreased by an average of 64%. In all scenarios, simulated ground water salinity decreased relative to historical conditions for about 12 years before reaching a new dynamic equilibrium condition. Aquifer water levels were not sensitive to any of the modeled scenarios. These potential changes in salinity could result in improved water quality for irrigation purposes downstream from the affected area.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01067.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Goff, K., Lewis, M., Person, M., and Konikow, L.F., 1998, Simulated effects of irrigation on salinity in the Arkansas River Valley in Colorado: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 1, p. 76-86, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01067.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"76","endPage":"86","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8f97e4b08c986b319009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, K.","contributorId":50683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewis, M.E.","contributorId":65504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, M.A.","contributorId":91108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":388306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020973,"text":"70020973 - 1998 - How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T07:32:55","indexId":"70020973","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?","docAbstract":"Slug tests in fractured rock usually are interpreted with models that assume homogeneous formation properties, even though hydraulic properties of fractures can vary by many orders of magnitude over the length of boreholes. To investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the interpretation of slug tests in fractured rock, slug tests were conducted over large intervals of boreholes in crystalline rock in central New Hampshire, and interpreted using a homogeneous model. The results of the slug tests were then compared with estimates of transmissivity from fluid-injection tests conducted over shorter intervals in the same boreholes. The fluid-injection tests showed transmissivity to vary more than six orders of magnitude over the length of the boreholes; however, the sum of the transmissivities from the fluid-injection tests were within an order of magnitude of the transmissivity estimated from the slug tests. Although the two estimates of transmissivity were within an order of magnitude of each other, the water level responses during the slug tests did not exactly match the responses predicted by the homogeneous model. To investigate the effect of heterogeneity on water level responses during slug tests, a Laplace-transform solution was developed for slug tests conducted in boreholes containing multiple fractures with hydraulic properties that vary over the length of the borehole. A comparison of this solution with the homogeneous model shows no difference between the shape of water level responses in a homogeneous formation and a (layered) heterogeneous formation. Furthermore, the transmissivity estimated using a homogeneous model is within an order of magnitude of the prescribed transmissivity in the heterogeneous model. Thus, differences between responses predicted from a homogeneous model and measured water levels during slug tests can be attributed to phenomena such as nonradial flow in the vicinity of the borehole, and not heterogeneous hydraulic properties over the length of the borehole. The experimental results of this investigation show that even when conditions such as nonradial flow are present in the vicinity of the borehole, interpretations of slug tests using a homogeneous model provided order-of-magnitude estimates of transmissivity in the crystalline rock terrane under consideration.Slug tests in fractured rock are usually interpreted with models that assume homogeneous formation properties, although hydraulic properties of fractures can vary by many order of magnitude over the length of the boreholes. To investigate the impact of heterogeneity on the interpretation of slug tests in fractured rocks, slug tests were conducted over large intervals of boreholes in crystalline rock in central New Hampshire. Tests results were interpreted using a homogeneous model. A Laplace-transform solution was developed for slug tests conducted in boreholes containing multiple fractures with hydraulic properties. Finally, a comparison was made between this solution and the homogeneous model.","language":"English","publisher":"Ground Water Publ Co","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01063.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Shapiro, A., and Hsieh, P.A., 1998, How good are estimates of transmissivity from slug tests in fractured rock?: Ground Water, v. 36, no. 1, p. 37-48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01063.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"48","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a324be4b0c8380cd5e6b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shapiro, A.M. 0000-0002-6425-9607","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6425-9607","contributorId":88384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":388162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hsieh, P. A.","contributorId":40596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":388161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020891,"text":"70020891 - 1998 - Colloid particle sizes in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, from Minneapolis to below New Orleans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T09:35:06","indexId":"70020891","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colloid particle sizes in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, from Minneapolis to below New Orleans","docAbstract":"An on-board technique was developed that combined discharge-weighted pumping to a high-speed continuous-flow centrifuge for isolation of the particulate-sized material with ultrafiltration for isolation of colloid-sized material. In order to address whether these processes changed the particle sizes during isolation, samples of particles in suspension were collected at various steps in the isolation process to evaluate changes in particle size. Particle sizes were determined using laser light-scattering photon correlation spectroscopy and indicated no change in size during the colloid isolation process. Mississippi River colloid particle sizes from twelve sites from Minneapolis to below New Orleans were compared with sizes from four tributaries and three seasons, and from predominantly autochthonous sources upstream to more allochthonous sources downstream.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199801)12:1<25::AID-HYP544>3.0.CO;2-T","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Rostad, C., Rees, T., and Daniel, S., 1998, Colloid particle sizes in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, from Minneapolis to below New Orleans: Hydrological Processes, v. 12, no. 1, p. 25-41, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199801)12:1<25::AID-HYP544>3.0.CO;2-T.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7b5e4b0c8380cd4cc7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rees, T.F.","contributorId":26068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daniel, S.R.","contributorId":28379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniel","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020883,"text":"70020883 - 1998 - Hydrologic functions of prairie wetlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-24T11:31:11","indexId":"70020883","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrologic functions of prairie wetlands","docAbstract":"Wetlands in the prairie known as potholes or sloughs represent an ever-changing mosaic of surface waters interacting with the atmosphere, groundwater, and each other in a variety of ways. Studies of groups of adjacent wetlands in different parts of the glaciated North American prairie have enabled some connections to be made between hydrologic processes, biological communities, and use of these wetlands by wetland-dependent wildlife. Understanding controls on variability in water levels, water volume, and salinity in these wetlands sets the stage for understanding controls on biological communities utilizing these wetlands. The role that natural variability in water and salinity plays in making these wetlands an important resource for waterfowl will provide an important context for those who are responsible for artificially altering the variability of water and salinity in prairie wetlands.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Great Plains Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10525165","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., Winter, T.C., and Rosenberry, D., 1998, Hydrologic functions of prairie wetlands: Great Plains Research, v. 8, no. 1, p. 17-37.","startPage":"17","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268117,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsresearch/361/"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3633e4b0c8380cd604fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, J. W.","contributorId":23484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":387868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020871,"text":"70020871 - 1998 - Models of metal binding structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-06T06:17:12","indexId":"70020871","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Models of metal binding structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia","docAbstract":"Fulvic acid, isolated from the Suwannee River, Georgia, was assessed for its ability to bind Ca2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ ions at pH 6 before and after extensive fractionation that was designed to reveal the nature of metal binding functional groups. The binding constant for Ca2+ ion had the greatest increase of all the ions in a metal binding fraction that was selected for intensive characterization for the purpose of building quantitative average model structures. The 'metal binding' fraction was characterized by quantitative 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and FT-1R spectrometry and elemental, titrimetric, and molecular weight determinations. The characterization data revealed that carboxyl groups were clustered in short- chain aliphatic dibasic acid structures. The Ca2+ binding data suggested that ether-substituted oxysuccinic acid structures are good models for the metal binding sites at pH 6. Structural models were derived based upon oxidation and photolytic rearrangements of cutin, lignin, and tannin precursors. These structural models rich in substituted dibasic acid structures revealed polydentate binding sites with the potential for both inner-sphere and outer-sphere type binding. The majority of the fulvic acid molecule was involved with metal binding rather than a small substructural unit.Fulvic acid, isolated from the Suwannee River, Georgia, was assessed for its ability to bind Ca2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ ions at pH 6 before and after extensive fractionation that was designed to reveal the nature of metal binding functional groups. The binding constant for Ca2+ ion had the greatest increase of all the ions in a metal binding fraction that was selected for intensive characterization for the purpose of building quantitative average model structures. The `metal binding' fraction was characterized by quantitative 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and FT-IR spectrometry and elemental, titrimetric, and molecular weight determinations. The characterization data revealed that carboxyl groups were clustered in short-chain aliphatic dibasic acid structures. The Ca2+ binding data suggested that ether-substituted oxysuccinic acid structures are good models for the metal binding sites at pH 6. Structural models were derived based upon oxidation and photolytic rearrangements of cutin, lignin, and tannin precursors. These structural models rich in substituted dibasic acid structures revealed polydentate binding sites with the potential for both inner-sphere and outer-sphere type binding. The majority of the fulvic acid molecule was involved with metal binding rather than a small substructural unit.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es9708979","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Leenheer, J., Brown, G., MacCarthy, P., and Cabaniss, S., 1998, Models of metal binding structures in fulvic acid from the Suwannee River, Georgia: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 32, no. 16, p. 2410-2416, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9708979.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2410","endPage":"2416","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229759,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georiga","otherGeospatial":"Suwannee 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\"}}]}","volume":"32","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1998-07-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c80e4b0c8380cd6fd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, G.K.","contributorId":62362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"MacCarthy, P.","contributorId":88081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cabaniss, S.E.","contributorId":76487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cabaniss","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020870,"text":"70020870 - 1998 - Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-30T10:28:42","indexId":"70020870","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake","docAbstract":"The sites and rates of methyl mercury (MeHg) production and transport in littoral zone sediments were investigated at Pallette Lake in northern Wisconsin. In littoral areas where groundwater inflow occurs, sulfate supply from groundwater creates profiles of electron acceptors (sulfate) and donors (methane, sulfide) that are reversed from those found in sediments whose sulfate supply is delivered from overlying water. The highest MeHg concentrations in porewaters and the maximal advective MeHg flux rates (4.5-61.7 ng ·m-2 ·day-1) were observed in the spring, while highest bulk phase concentrations occur later in the summer. These estimated MeHg fluxes are greater than the mean areal production rates estimated previously for the water column and are similar to the atmospheric flux. Gross MeHg production was measured using the addition of 203Hg as a tracer to sediments. The depth at which maximal 203Hg methylation occurred coincided with the observed maximums in solid-phase and porewater MeHg concentrations. Because input, advection, and accumulation of MeHg in these sediments were measured directly, an independent estimate of MeHg production could be made and compared with 203Hg-derived rates. This comparison suggests that that the 203Hg tracer method provides reasonable estimates of gross methylation rates and that a substantial fraction of solid-phase Hg is available for methylation
","language":"English","publisher":"CSP","doi":"10.1139/f97-304","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D., Gilmour, C., Benoit, J., Babiarz, C., Andren, A., and Hurley, J., 1998, Methyl mercury dynamics in littoral sediments of a temperate seepage lake: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 55, no. 4, p. 835-844, https://doi.org/10.1139/f97-304.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"835","endPage":"844","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5611e4b0c8380cd6d339","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, D. P. 0000-0003-1964-5020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":90765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"D. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilmour, C.C.","contributorId":63558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmour","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Benoit, J.M.","contributorId":102648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benoit","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Babiarz, Christopher L.","contributorId":101822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Babiarz","given":"Christopher L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andren, A.W.","contributorId":49121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andren","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurley, J.P.","contributorId":97645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020868,"text":"70020868 - 1998 - Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: Seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T15:10:36","indexId":"70020868","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: Seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts","docAbstract":"Lakes Baikal, Malawi and Tanganyika are the world's three largest rift valley lakes and are the classic modem examples of lacustrine rift basins. All the rift lakes are segmented into half-graben basins, and seismic reflection datasets reveal how this segmentation controls the filling of the rift basins through time. In the early stages of rifting, basins are fed primarily by flexural margin and axial margin drainage systems. At the climax of syn-rift sedimentation, however, when the basins are deeply subsided, almost all the margins are walled off by rift shoulder uplifts, and sediment flux into the basins is concentrated at accommodation zone and axial margin river deltas. Flexural margin unconformities are commonplace in the tropical lakes but less so in high-latitude Lake Baikal. Lake levels are extremely dynamic in the tropical lakes and in low-latitude systems in general because of the predominance of evaporation in the hydrologic cycle in those systems. Evaporation is minimized in relation to inflow in the high-latitude Lake Baikal and in most high-latitude systems, and consequently, major sequence boundaries tend to be tectonically controlled in that type of system. The acoustic stratigraphies of the tropical lakes are dominated by high-frequency and high-amplitude lake level shifts, whereas in high-latitude Lake Baikal, stratigraphic cycles are dominated by tectonism and sediment-supply variations.","largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00022-4","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Scholz, C., Moore, T., Hutchinson, D.R., Golmshtok, A., Klitgord, K.D., and Kurotchkin, A., 1998, Comparative sequence stratigraphy of low-latitude versus high-latitude lacustrine rift basins: Seismic data examples from the East African and Baikal rifts, in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 140, no. 1-4, p. 401-420, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00022-4.","startPage":"401","endPage":"420","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487414,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(98)00022-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206420,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00022-4"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f827e4b0c8380cd4ceef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholz, C.A.","contributorId":76810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholz","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, T.C. Jr.","contributorId":83692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"T.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Golmshtok, A. Ja","contributorId":91268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golmshtok","given":"A. Ja","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":387825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kurotchkin, A.G.","contributorId":17394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurotchkin","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70020862,"text":"70020862 - 1998 - Controls on denitrification in riparian soils in headwater catchments of a hardwood forest in the Catskill Mountains, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:51","indexId":"70020862","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3416,"text":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on denitrification in riparian soils in headwater catchments of a hardwood forest in the Catskill Mountains, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Denitrification in riparian soils is thought to be an important factor that reduces hydrologic export of nitrate from forested and agricultural catchments. A 2-y study to identify the soil factors most closely associated with denitrification in riparian soils in headwater catchments within the Catskill Mountains of New York, included field surveys of surface and subsurface denitrification rates, and an amendment experiment to assess the relative effects of increases in available carbon and substrate NO-/3 on denitrification rates. Denitrification rates were measured by acetylene inhibition during incubation of intact soil cores from eight soil types representing a range of drainage classes. Soil cores were analyzed for organic matter, total P, extractable NO-/3-N and NH+/4-N, organic N, pH, moisture, porosity, and water-filled pore space, to determine which of these factors were most closely associated with denitrification. The distribution of denitrification rates found during the field surveys was highly skewed, with many low or zero values and few high values. Denitrification rates were positively associated with high soil organic matter, total P, and water-filled pore space, and were highest in seep (poorly-drained) soils, toeslope (seasonally-drained) soils, and stream-edge (poorly- to moderately well-drained) soils in which these three soil characteristics were typically high. Denitrification rates in these wet locations were also positively associated with soil NH+/4-N concentration and pH, but not with NO-/3-N concentration, suggesting that the rate of NO-/3 supply (via nitrification or hydrologic transport) was more important than the instantaneous concentration of NO-/3-N in the soils. The amendment experiment indicated that denitrification in soil types studied was most responsive to added glucose alone or with NO-/3. Thus, in these soils, a combination of slow rates of NO-/3 supply and low available carbon appears to limit denitrification. Annual denitrification rates in spring-fed soils (0.74 to 1.43 kg N ha-1 y-1) were up to 5 times greater than in other surface soils, yet these soils accounted for only 1.8% of the catchment's N loss through denitrification because they represent less than 3% of the catchment area. Dry upland soils constituted 71% of the catchment area and accounted for 91% of the catchment's N loss through denitrification. Annual denitrification in the catchment equaled about 65% of stream NO-/3-N and NH+/4-N export and 14% of precipitation NO-/3-N and NH+/4-N inputs. Denitrification appears to be important relative to N input and export in these Catskill catchments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Biology and Biochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00012-1","issn":"00380717","usgsCitation":"Ashby, J., Bowden, W., and Murdoch, P., 1998, Controls on denitrification in riparian soils in headwater catchments of a hardwood forest in the Catskill Mountains, U.S.A.: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v. 30, no. 7, p. 853-864, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00012-1.","startPage":"853","endPage":"864","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206576,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(98)00012-1"},{"id":230277,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbcfe4b0c8380cd4df8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashby, J.A.","contributorId":44693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashby","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowden, W.B.","contributorId":83237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowden","given":"W.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S.","contributorId":73547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020861,"text":"70020861 - 1998 - Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T06:26:35","indexId":"70020861","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams","docAbstract":"Four alpine streams were monitored to continuously collect stream temperature and streamflow for periods ranging from a week to a year. In a small stream in the Colorado Rockies, diurnal variations in both stream temperature and streamflow were significantly greater in losing reaches than in gaining reaches, with minimum streamflow losses occurring early in the day and maximum losses occurring early in the evening. Using measured stream temperature changes, diurnal streambed infiltration rates were predicted to increase as much as 35% during the day (based on a heat and water transport groundwater model), while the measured increase in streamflow loss was 40%. For two large streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, annual stream temperature variations ranged from 0° to 25°C. In summer months, diurnal stream temperature variations were 30–40% of annual stream temperature variations, owing to reduced streamflows and increased atmospheric heating. Previous reports document that one Sierra stream site generally gains groundwater during low flows, while the second Sierra stream site may lose water during low flows. For August the diurnal streamflow variation was 11% at the gaining stream site and 30% at the losing stream site. On the basis of measured diurnal stream temperature variations, streambed infiltration rates were predicted to vary diurnally as much as 20% at the losing stream site. Analysis of results suggests that evapotranspiration losses determined diurnal streamflow variations in the gaining reaches, while in the losing reaches, evapotranspiration losses were compounded by diurnal variations in streambed infiltration. Diurnal variations in stream temperature were reduced in the gaining reaches as a result of discharging groundwater of relatively constant temperature. For the Sierra sites, comparison of results with those from a small tributary demonstrated that stream temperature patterns were useful in delineating discharges of bank storage following dam releases. Direct coupling may have occurred between streamflow and stream temperature for losing stream reaches, such that reduced streamflows facilitated increased afternoon stream temperatures and increased afternoon stream temperatures induced increased streambed losses, leading to even greater increases in both stream temperature and streamflow losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR00998","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., 1998, Interaction between stream temperature, streamflow, and groundwater exchanges in alpine streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 7, p. 1609-1615, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR00998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1609","endPage":"1615","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3cace4b0c8380cd62f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, James E. 0000-0002-4062-2096 jconstan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-2096","contributorId":1962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"James E.","email":"jconstan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70020858,"text":"70020858 - 1998 - Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T16:11:55","indexId":"70020858","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2341,"text":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering","docAbstract":"An extended Kalman filter was developed to automate the real-time estimation of ice-affected streamflow on the basis of routine measurements of stream stage and air temperature and on the relation between stage and streamflow during open-water (ice-free) conditions. The filter accommodates three dynamic modes of ice effects: sudden formation/ablation, stable ice conditions, and eventual elimination. The utility of the filter was evaluated by applying it to historical data from two long-term streamflow-gauging stations, St. John River at Dickey, Maine and Platte River at North Bend, Nebr. Results indicate that the filter was stable and that parameters converged for both stations, producing streamflow estimates that are highly correlated with published values. For the Maine station, logarithms of estimated streamflows are within 8% of the logarithms of published values 87.2% of the time during periods of ice effects and within 15% 96.6% of the time. Similarly, for the Nebraska station, logarithms of estimated streamflows are within 8% of the logarithms of published values 90.7% of the time and within 15% 97.7% of the time. In addition, the correlation between temporal updates and published streamflows on days of direct measurements at the Maine station was 0.777 and 0.998 for ice-affected and open-water periods, respectively; for the Nebraska station, corresponding correlations were 0.864 and 0.997.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrologic Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:3(174)","issn":"10840699","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Grewal, M., 1998, Estimating ice-affected streamflow by extended Kalman filtering: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 3, no. 3, p. 174-181, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1998)3:3(174).","startPage":"174","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":230197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b23e4b0c8380cd525ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, D. J. 0000-0001-5185-4928","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":102493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grewal, M.S.","contributorId":108274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grewal","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020854,"text":"70020854 - 1998 - Lithological and hydrological influences on ground-water composition in a heterogeneous carbonate-clay aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T12:27:38.346536","indexId":"70020854","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithological and hydrological influences on ground-water composition in a heterogeneous carbonate-clay aquifer system","docAbstract":"The influence of clay units on ground-water composition was investigated in a heterogeneous carbonate aquifer system of Miocene age in southwest Florida, known as the Intermediate aquifer system. Regionally, the ground water is recharged inland, flows laterally and to greater depths in the aquifer systems, and is discharged vertically upward at the saltwater interface along the coast. A depth profile of water composition was obtained by sampling ground water from discrete intervals within the permeable carbonate units during coring and by squeezing pore water from a core of the less-permeable clay layers. A normative salt analysis of solute compositions in the water indicated a marine origin for both types of water and an evolutionary pathway for the clay water that involves clay diagenesis. The chemical composition of the ground water in the carbonate bedrock is significantly different from that of the pore water in the clay layers. Dissolution of clays and opaline silica results in high silica concentrations relative to water in other parts of the Intermediate aquifer system. Water enriched in chloride relative to the overlying and underlying ground water recharges the aquifer inland where the confining clay layer is absent, and it dissolves carbonate and silicate minerals and reacts with clays along its flow path, eventually reaching this coastal site and resulting in the high chloride and silica concentrations observed in the middle part of the Intermediate aquifer system. Reaction-path modeling suggests that the recharging surficial water mixes with sulfate-rich water upwelling from the Upper Floridan aquifer, and carbonate mineral dissolution and precipitation, weathering and exchange reactions, clay mineral diagenesis, clay and silica dissolution, organic carbon oxidation, and iron and sulfate reduction result in the observed water compositions.
Transport of dissolved material in streams and small rivers may be characterized using tracer-dilution methods and solute transport models. Recent studies have quantified stream/substream interactions using models of transient storage. These studies are based on tracer-dilution data obtained during periods of steady flow. We present a modeling framework for the analysis of transient storage in stream systems with unsteady flows. The framework couples a kinematic wave routing model with a solute transport model that includes transient storage. The routing model provides time-varying flows and cross-sectional areas that are used as input to the solute transport model. The modeling framework was used to quantify stream/substream interaction in Huey Creek, an Antarctic stream fed exclusively by glacial meltwater. Analysis of tracer-dilution data indicates that there was substantial interaction between the flowing surface water and the hyporheic (substream) zone. The ratio of storage zone area to stream cross-sectional area (A<sub>s</sub>/A) was >1 in all stream reaches, indicating that the substream area contributing to hyporheic exchange was large relative to stream cross-sectional area. The rate of exchange, as governed by the transient storage exchange coefficient (α), was rapid because of a high stream gradient and porous alluvial materials. Estimates of α generally exceed those determined for other small streams. The high degree of hyporheic exchange supports the hypothesis that weathering reactions within the hyporheos account for observed increases in solute concentration with stream length, as noted in other studies of Antarctic streams.
A facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, strain IMB-1, that has been isolated from agricultural soil grows on methyl bromide (MeBr), methyl iodide, methyl chloride, and methylated amines, as well as on glucose, pyruvate, or acetate. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that strain IMB-1 classes in the alpha subgroup of the class Proteobacteria and is closely related to members of the genus Rhizobium. The ability of strain IMB-1 to oxidize MeBr to CO2 is constitutive in cells regardless of the growth substrate. Addition of cell suspensions of strain IMB-1 to soils greatly accelerates the oxidation of MeBr, as does pretreatment of soils with low concentrations of methyl iodide. These results suggest that soil treatment strategies can be devised whereby bacteria can effectively consume MeBr during field fumigations, which would diminish or eliminate the outward flux of MeBr to the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.8.2899-2905.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Connell, H.T., Costello, A., Lidstrom, M., and Oremland, R., 1998, Strain IMB-1, a novel bacterium for the removal of methyl bromide in fumigated agricultural soils: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 2899-2905, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.8.2899-2905.1998.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2899","endPage":"2905","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479733,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.2899-2905.1998","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":229835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b988ee4b08c986b31c093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connell, Hancock T.L.","contributorId":9418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"Hancock","email":"","middleInitial":"T.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costello, A.M.","contributorId":49951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costello","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lidstrom, M.E.","contributorId":93207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidstrom","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020832,"text":"70020832 - 1998 - Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola mountain research watershed, Georgia, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:37","indexId":"70020832","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola mountain research watershed, Georgia, USA","docAbstract":"An analysis of chloride (Cl-) concentrations and fluxes at the 41 ha Panola Mountain Research Watershed indicates that Cl- may be used effectively to differentiate 'new' and 'old' water flow through the hillslope and their respective contributions to streamwater. Rainfall and throughfall, the 'new' water inputs, are marked by low Cl- concentrations (<15 ??eq L-1). Stormwater moves rapidly to depth along preferred pathways in a deciduous forest hillslope, as evidenced by low Cl- concentrations (<20 ??eq L-1) in mobile soil water from zero-tension stainless-steel pan lysimeters. 'Old' waters, matrix soil waters and groundwater, typically have high Cl- concentrations (>30 ??eq L-1). Timing of soil water transport is not sufficiently rapid to suggest that soil water from this hillslope site (20 m from the stream) contributes to streamwater during individual rainstorms. The source of streamflow, therefore, must be a combination of channel interception, overland flow and soil water from nearchannel areas, and run off from a 3 ha bedrock outcrop in the headwaters Groundwater contribution to streamflow was estimated using Cl- concentrations of throughfall and groundwater as the two end members for a two-component hydrograph separation. For the study period, groundwater contributed 79% of the streamflow and from 1985 to 1995, contributed 75% of the streamflow. Rainfall was the source of 45% of the Cl- flux from the watershed in the long term; the remaining Cl- is hypothesized to be derived from dry deposition, consistent with the enrichment noted for throughfall. At peak flow during individual rainstorms, 'new' water can contribute 95% of the runoff.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht, Netherlands","doi":"10.1023/A:1005082332332","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Peters, N., and Ratcliffe, E., 1998, Tracing hydrologic pathways using chloride at the Panola mountain research watershed, Georgia, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 105, no. 1-2, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005082332332.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206438,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005082332332"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb694e4b08c986b326d59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, E.B.","contributorId":33857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020829,"text":"70020829 - 1998 - Modeling CO2 degassing and pH in a stream-aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-10T09:48:58","indexId":"70020829","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling CO2 degassing and pH in a stream-aquifer system","docAbstract":"Pinal Creek, Arizona receives an inflow of ground water with high dissolved inorganic carbon (57-75 mg/l) and low pH (5.8-6.3). There is an observed increase of in-stream pH from approximately 6.0-7.8 over the 3 km downstream of the point of groundwater inflow. We hypothesized that CO2 gas-exchange was the most important factor causing the pH increase in this stream-aquifer system. An existing transport model, for coupled ground water-surface water systems (OTIS), was modified to include carbonate equilibria and CO2 degassing, used to simulate alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon (C(T)), and pH in Pinal Creek. Because of the non-linear relation between pH and C(T), the modified transport model used the numerical iteration method to solve the non-linearity. The transport model parameters were determined by the injection of two tracers, bromide and propane. The resulting simulations of alkalinity, C(T) and pH reproduced, without fitting, the overall trends in downstream concentrations. A multi-parametric sensitivity analysis (MPSA) was used to identify the relative sensitivities of the predictions to six of the physical and chemical parameters used in the transport model. MPSA results implied that C(T) and pH in stream water were controlled by the mixing of ground water with stream water and CO2 degassing. The relative importance of these two processes varied spatially depending on the hydrologic conditions, such as stream flow velocity and whether a reach gained or lost stream water caused by the interaction with the ground water. The coupled transport model with CO2 degassing and generalized sensitivity analysis presented in this study can be applied to evaluate carbon transport and pH in other coupled stream-ground water systems.An existing transport model for coupled groundwater-surface water systems was modified to include carbonate equilibria and CO2 degassing. The modified model was used to simulate alkalinity, total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and pH in Pinal Creek. The model used the numerical iteration method to solve the nonlinear relation between pH and CT. A multi-parametric sensitivity analysis (MPSA) was used to identify the relative sensitivities of the predictions to six of the physical and chemical parameters used in the transport model. MPSA results implied that CT and pH in the stream water were controlled by the mixing of groundwater with stream water and CO2 degassing.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00093-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Choi, J., Hulseapple, S., Conklin, M., and Harvey, J., 1998, Modeling CO2 degassing and pH in a stream-aquifer system: Journal of Hydrology, v. 209, no. 1-4, p. 297-310, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00093-6.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"310","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229719,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206429,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00093-6"}],"volume":"209","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5bc0e4b0c8380cd6f7a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, J.","contributorId":42741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choi","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hulseapple, S.M.","contributorId":10945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hulseapple","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conklin, M.H.","contributorId":82875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conklin","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, J. W. 0000-0002-2654-9873","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":39725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020819,"text":"70020819 - 1998 - Effect of groundwater springs on NO3− concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:01:07","indexId":"70020819","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Effect of groundwater springs on NO3− concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams","title":"Effect of groundwater springs on NO3− concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams","docAbstract":"Groundwater and stream water data collected at three headwater catchments in the Neversink River watershed indicate that base flow is sustained by groundwater from two sources: a shallow flow system within the till and soil and a deep flow system within bedrock fractures and bedding planes that discharges as perennial springs. Data from eight wells finished near the till/bedrock interface indicate that saturated conditions are not maintained in the shallow flow system during most summers. In contrast, the discharge of a perennial spring remained constant during two summer rainstorms, providing evidence that the deep flow system is disconnected from the shallow flow system in summer. Discharge from perennial springs was the principal source of streamflow in a headwater reach during low flow. Mean NO3− concentrations were 20–25 μmol L−1 in five perennial springs during the summer but only 5–10 μmol L−1 in shallow groundwater. Thus the deep flow system does not reflect typical NO3− concentrations in the soil during summer. A hydrologic budget at a headwater drainage reveals that March and late fall are the principal groundwater recharge periods. Residence time modeling based on analyses of 18O and 35S indicates that groundwater in the deep flow system is 6–22 months old. These data indicate that summer base flow largely originates from previous dormant seasons when available soil NO3− is greater. In these Catskill watersheds, high base flow concentrations of NO3− during summer do not provide sufficient evidence that the atmospheric N deposition rate exceeds the demand of terrestrial vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/98WR01282","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., Murdoch, P.S., Lawrence, G.B., and Michel, R.L., 1998, Effect of groundwater springs on NO3− concentrations during summer in Catskill Mountain streams: Water Resources Research, v. 34, no. 8, p. 1987-1996, https://doi.org/10.1029/98WR01282.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1987","endPage":"1996","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487361,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/98wr01282","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":230195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"34","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e6e4b0c8380cd50ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murdoch, Peter S. 0000-0001-9243-505X pmurdoch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9243-505X","contributorId":2453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murdoch","given":"Peter","email":"pmurdoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lawrence, Gregory B. 0000-0002-8035-2350 glawrenc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-2350","contributorId":867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawrence","given":"Gregory","email":"glawrenc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michel, Robert L. rlmichel@usgs.gov","contributorId":823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"Robert","email":"rlmichel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":148,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70020816,"text":"70020816 - 1998 - Determining rates of chemical weathering in soils - Solute transport versus profile evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:27:36","indexId":"70020816","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining rates of chemical weathering in soils - Solute transport versus profile evolution","docAbstract":"SiO2 fluxes associated with contemporary solute transport in three deeply weathered granitoid profiles are compared to bulk SiO2 losses that have occurred during regolith development. Climates at the three profiles range from Mediterranean to humid to tropical. Due to shallow impeding alluvial layers at two of the profiles, and seasonally uniform rainfall at the third, temporal variations in hydraulic and chemical state variables are largely attenuated below depths of 1-2 m. This allows current SiO2 fluxes below the zone of seasonal variations to be estimated from pore-water concentrations and average hydraulic flux densities. Mean-annual SiO2 concentrations were 0.1-1.5 mM. Hydraulic conductivities for the investigated range of soil-moisture saturations ranged from < 10-9 to > 10-6 m s-1. Estimated hydraulic flux densities for quasi-steady portions of the profiles varied from 6 x 10-9 to 14 x 10-9 m s-1 based on Darcy's law and field measurements of moisture saturations and pressure heads. Corresponding fluid-residence times in the profiles ranged from 10 to 44 years. Total SiO2 losses, based on chemical and volumetric changes in the respective profiles, ranged from 19 to 110 kmoles SiO2 m-2 of land surface as a result of 0.2-0.4 Ma of chemical weathering. Extrapolation of contemporary solute fluxes to comparable time periods reproduced these SiO2 losses to about an order of magnitude. Despite the large range and non-linearity of measured hydraulic conductivities, solute transport rates in weathering regoliths can be estimated from characterization of hydrologic conditions at sufficiently large depths. The agreement suggests that current weathering rates are representative of long-term average weathering rates in the regoliths.SiO2 fluxes associated with contemporary solute transport in three deeply weathered granitoid profiles are compared to bulk SiO2 losses during regolith development. Due to shallow impeding alluvial layers at two of the profiles, and seasonally uniform rainfall at the third, temporal variations in hydraulic and chemical state variables are largely attenuated below depths of 1-2 m. Hydraulic conductivities for the investigated range of soil-moisture saturations of <10-9 to >10-6 m/s-1. Estimated hydraulic flux densities for quasi-steady portions of the profiles varied from 6??10-9 to 14??10-9 m/s based on Darcy's law and field measurements of moisture saturations and pressure heads.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Sci B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00158-9","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Stonestrom, D.A., White, A.F., and Akstin, K., 1998, Determining rates of chemical weathering in soils - Solute transport versus profile evolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 209, no. 1-4, p. 331-345, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00158-9.","startPage":"331","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206538,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00158-9"},{"id":230155,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"209","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fff3e4b0c8380cd4f4c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akstin, K.C.","contributorId":105445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020801,"text":"70020801 - 1998 - Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization: 2. Seepage of saltwater through semi-confining layers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:52","indexId":"70020801","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization: 2. Seepage of saltwater through semi-confining layers","docAbstract":"This paper presents a generalized basic study that addresses practical needs for an understanding of the major mechanisms involved in the mineralization of groundwater in the Great Bend Prairie aquifer in south- central Kansas. This Quaternary alluvial aquifer and associated surface waters are subject to contamination by saltwater, which in some areas seeps from the deeper Permian bedrock formation into the overlying freshwater aquifer through semiconfining layers. A simplified conceptual model is adopted. It incorporates the freshwater aquifer whose bottom is comprised of a semiconfining layer through which a hydrologically minor but geochemically important saline water discharge seeps into the aquifer. A hierarchy of approximate approaches is considered to analyze the mineralization processes taking place in the aquifer. The recently developed top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approach is very convenient to use for the initial characterization of these processes, and is further adapted to characterization of head-driven seepage through semi-confining layers. TSBL calculations indicate that the seeping saline water may create two distinct new zones in the aquifer: (1) a completely saline zone (CSZ) adjacent to the semiconfining bottom of the aquifer, and (2) a transition zone (TZ) which develops between the CSZ and the freshwater zone. Some possible scenarios associated with the various mineralization patterns are analyzed and discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00055-2","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Rubin, H., and Buddemeier, R., 1998, Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization: 2. Seepage of saltwater through semi-confining layers: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 32, no. 3-4, p. 377-402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00055-2.","startPage":"377","endPage":"402","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206476,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00055-2"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecbbe4b0c8380cd49458","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rubin, H.","contributorId":54358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buddemeier, R. W.","contributorId":86492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buddemeier","given":"R. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70020796,"text":"70020796 - 1998 - Characterizing a ground water basin in a New England mountain and valley terrain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-29T09:21:14","indexId":"70020796","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing a ground water basin in a New England mountain and valley terrain","docAbstract":"A ground water basin is defined as the volume of subsurface through which ground water flows from the water table to a specified discharge location. Delineating the topographically defined surface water basin and extending it vertically downward does not always define the ground water basin. Instead, a ground water basin is more appropriately delineated by tracking ground water flowpaths with a calibrated, three‐dimensional ground water flow model. To determine hydrologic and chemical budgets of the basin, it is also necessary to quantify flow through each hydrogeologic unit in the basin. In particular, partitioning ground water flow through unconsolidated deposits versus bedrock is of significant interest to hillslope hydrologic studies. To address these issues, a model is developed and calibrated to simulate ground water flow through glacial deposits and fractured crystalline bedrock in the vicinity of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Tracking of ground water flowpaths suggests that Mirror Lake and its inlet streams drain a ground water recharge area that is about 1.5 times the area of the surface water basin. Calculation of the ground water budget suggests that, of the recharge that enters the Mirror Lake ground water basin, about 40% travels through the basin along flowpaths that stay exclusively in the glacial deposits, and about 60% travels along flowpaths that involve movement in bedrock.
","language":"English","publisher":"NGWA","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02835.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Tiedeman, C.R., Goode, D., and Hsieh, P.A., 1998, Characterizing a ground water basin in a New England mountain and valley terrain: Groundwater, v. 36, no. 4, p. 611-620, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02835.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"611","endPage":"620","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":231082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f4ede4b0c8380cd4bfee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiedeman, Claire R. 0000-0002-0128-3685 tiedeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0128-3685","contributorId":196777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiedeman","given":"Claire","email":"tiedeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":387556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020794,"text":"70020794 - 1998 - Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T20:48:01.300754","indexId":"70020794","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene","docAbstract":"Anaerobic oxidation of [1,2-14C]vinyl chloride and [1,2-14C]dichloroethene to 14CO2under humic acid-reducing conditions was demonstrated. The results indicate that waterborne contaminants can be oxidized by using humic acid compounds as electron acceptors and suggest that natural aquatic systems have a much larger capacity for contaminant oxidation than previously thought.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.64.8.3102-3105.1998","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P., Chapelle, F.H., and Lovley, D.R., 1998, Humic acids as electron acceptors for anaerobic microbial oxidation of vinyl chloride and dichloroethene: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 64, no. 8, p. 3102-3105, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.64.8.3102-3105.1998.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3102","endPage":"3105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.8.3102-3105.1998","text":"External Repository"},{"id":231005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3289e4b0c8380cd5e8aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, P. M. 0000-0001-7522-8606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":29465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"P. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovley, Derek R.","contributorId":107852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovley","given":"Derek","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70020790,"text":"70020790 - 1998 - Trace fossil analysis of lacustrine facies and basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:43","indexId":"70020790","displayToPublicDate":"1998-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1998","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trace fossil analysis of lacustrine facies and basins","docAbstract":"Two ichnofacies are typical of lacustrine depositional systems. The Scoyenia ichnofacies characterizes transitional terrestrial/nonmarine aquatic substrates, periodically inundated or desiccated, and therefore is commonly present in lake margin facies. The Mermia ichnofacies is associated with well oxygenated, permanent subaqueous, fine-grained substrates of hydrologically open, perennial lakes. Bathymetric zonations within the Mermia ichnofacies are complicated by the wide variability of lacustrine systems. Detected proximal-distal trends are useful within particular lake basins, but commonly difficult to extrapolate to other lakes. Other potential ichnofacies include the typically marine Skolithos ichnofacies for high-energy zones of lakes and substrate-controlled, still unnamed ichnofacies, associated to lake margin deposits. Trace fossils are useful for sedimentologic analysis of event beds. Lacustrine turbidites are characterized by low-diversity suites, reflecting colonization by opportunistic organisms after the turbidite event. Underflow current beds record animal activity contemporaneous with nearly continuous sedimentation. Ichnologic studies may also help to distinguish between marine and lacustrine turbidites. Deep-marine turbidites host the Nereites ichnofacies that consists of high diversity of ornate grazing traces and graphoglyptids, recording highly specialized feeding strategies developed to solve the problem of the scarcity of food in the deep sea. Deep lacustrine environments contain the Mermia ichnofacies, which is dominated by unspecialized grazing and feeding traces probably related to the abundance and accessibility of food in lacustrine systems. The lower diversity of lacustrine ichnofaunas in comparison with deep-sea assemblages more likely reflects lower species diversity as a consequence of less stable conditions. Increase of depth and extent of bioturbation through geologic time produced a clear signature in the ichnofabric record of lacustrine facies. Paleozoic lacustrine ichnofaunas are typically dominated by surface trails with little associated bioturbation. During the Mesozoic, bioturbation depth was higher in lake margin facies than in fully lacustrine deposits. While significant degrees of bioturbation were attained in lake margin facies during the Triassic, major biogenic disruption of primary bedding in subaqueous lacustrine deposits did not occur until the Cretaceous.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00020-0","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Buatois, L., and Mangano, M., 1998, Trace fossil analysis of lacustrine facies and basins: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 140, no. 1-4, p. 367-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00020-0.","startPage":"367","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206851,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00020-0"},{"id":230964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"140","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb665e4b08c986b326c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buatois, L.A.","contributorId":40740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buatois","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mangano, M.G.","contributorId":7432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangano","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":387536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}